WO2017092077A1 - 一种koh固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法 - Google Patents

一种koh固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法 Download PDF

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WO2017092077A1
WO2017092077A1 PCT/CN2015/097816 CN2015097816W WO2017092077A1 WO 2017092077 A1 WO2017092077 A1 WO 2017092077A1 CN 2015097816 W CN2015097816 W CN 2015097816W WO 2017092077 A1 WO2017092077 A1 WO 2017092077A1
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koh
activated carbon
activated
powder
solid
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French (fr)
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杨坤
任柳芬
朱亮虹
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浙江大学
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of environmental pollutant adsorption treatment, in particular to a preparation method and a molding method of activated carbon activated by KOH solid.
  • Activated carbon is a product obtained by carbonization using charcoal, wood chips, husks and other agricultural by-products, coal and heavy petroleum as raw materials. Almost all carbonaceous materials can be used to prepare activated carbon. As the oldest and most important excellent porous adsorbent, activated carbon is widely used in chemical, environmental protection, military chemical protection and other fields due to its highly developed void structure and large internal specific surface area, stable performance and regenerability.
  • the coals currently used for the preparation of activated carbon are mainly bituminous coal, anthracite, lignite and the like. China's coal resources are abundant, and it has become a major producer of coal-based activated carbon. It is commonly used in anthracite and non-stick coal, weakly cohesive coal, but the quality of activated carbon produced is not good and the variety is single. Due to its rich internal pore structure and superabsorbent capacity, high specific surface area activated carbon has higher value than ordinary activated carbon in application. Therefore, it is of great significance to obtain high specific surface area activated carbon from coal as the main raw material.
  • the methods for preparing activated carbon are mainly divided into physical activation method and chemical activation method.
  • a suitable activation method is selected according to the performance requirements of the activated carbon.
  • the physical activation method is to react the oxidizing gas such as water vapor, carbon dioxide or air with the carbon material at a high temperature to partially oxidize and etch the disordered carbon in the carbon material to form a developed microporous structure inside the material.
  • the carbonization temperature is generally 600 ° C
  • the activation temperature is 800-900 ° C [1] .
  • the chemical activation method is to mix the raw materials and chemicals in a certain ratio for a certain period of time, and carbonization and activation are completed in one step.
  • Commonly used chemical activators are ZnCl 2 , H 3 PO 4 , KOH, etc. [2] .
  • the activation temperature of the ZnCl 2 and H 3 PO 4 methods is generally 400 to 600 ° C, and the KOH method is 700 to 900 ° C.
  • the chemical activation method has disadvantages such as high corrosiveness to equipment and further treatment, the activation yield is high, and activated carbon having a larger specific surface area can be obtained, especially the KOH activation method.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 201010273277.3 discloses a method for preparing a carbon molecular sieve comprising preparing a conventional carbon molecular sieve and then reaming the conventional molecular sieve by a secondary activation technique.
  • the novel molecular sieve uses coal, coconut shell or phenolic resin as raw materials, and is subjected to secondary production by carbon dioxide or KOH as an activator by conventional production steps such as pulverization, molding, carbonization, steam activation, hydrocarbon deposition condensation, and the like.
  • the KOH used in this method is a solution, and is subjected to high temperature activation by immersing a conventional carbon molecular sieve for two hours. This method has problems such as complicated operation and waste of energy. Through literature research and experiments in this group, it is found that the effect of solid KOH activation is better than that after liquid KOH impregnation. Therefore, the present patent discloses a method for preparing and molding KOH solid activated activated carbon.
  • the preparation time is shortened and the activation effect is better under the same conditions; compared with the activation of carbon dioxide or water vapor, the activation temperature is low, and energy is saved.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing and molding KOH solid activated activated carbon in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.
  • Step 1 The KOH solid is rapidly ground into a powder, and after the grinding is completed, the activated carbon precursor is added in a certain ratio, and then rapidly and uniformly mixed to form a mixture;
  • Step 2 quickly put the mixture into an atmosphere furnace, under N 2 protection, raise the temperature to 700-1000 ° C at a heating rate of 5-15 ° C / min, activate for 30-120 min, cool, wash and dry, and obtain KOH activation.
  • Activated carbon powder
  • Step 3 Mixing sodium metaaluminate, sodium silicate and KOH in a certain proportion to form a binder. After the KOH deliquescent is completed, KOH activated activated carbon powder is added, and the binder and KOH activated activated carbon powder are mass ratio 1:4. Mixed kneading, extrusion molding;
  • Step 4 The shaped granules are dried at 105 ° C to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon.
  • the activated carbon precursors are various types of coal powder, including anthracite powder, bituminous coal, lignite and the like.
  • KOH solid is a chemical activator. When mixing with activated carbon precursor, in order to prevent KOH solid deliquescence, it needs to be quickly ground into powder and placed in an atmosphere furnace.
  • the mass ratio of KOH to coal powder is (1:5)-(10: 1).
  • the binder described in the molding process is the basic raw material of the synthetic molecular sieve, and the molar mass ratio of sodium metaaluminate: sodium silicate: KOH in the specific binder is 1: (0.5-5): (0.5-4) ).
  • the invention directly uses KOH solid as an activator to adjust the activation effect by adjusting the ratio of KOH solids to pulverized coal. Compared with the KOH solution, it is not required to be immersed for a long time, the preparation time is shortened and the activation effect is better under the same conditions; compared with the activation of carbon dioxide or water vapor, the activation temperature is low, and energy is saved.
  • the molding process uses sodium metaaluminate, sodium silicate, and KOH as binders, and is the basic raw material for synthetic molecular sieves. After molding, the particles have high compressive strength and wear resistance.
  • KOH activated activated carbon 10 g of KOH solid was weighed and quickly ground into a powder, and 50 g of pulverized coal was added and mixed rapidly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 200 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 350 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 7 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 2 g of KOH, after the KOH deliquescent is completely dissolved, 8 g of KOH activated activated carbon is kneaded and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon 100 g of KOH solid was weighed and quickly ground into a powder, and 10 g of coal powder was added and mixed rapidly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio a surface area of 800m 2 / g, Langmuir specific surface area of 1300m 2 / g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 60g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 3,500 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 5,300 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 40g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 2,500 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 3,900 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated activated carbon Weigh 30g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 800 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 1600 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 2300 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 5 g of sodium metaaluminate, 10 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, after the KOH deliquescent is completely completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and the formed pellets are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 50g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 1000 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, and its BET ratio The surface area was 2100 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 3400 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 70 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 10 g of KOH. After the KOH deliquescent is completely completed, 40 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and the formed pellets are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 60g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 700 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 1700 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 2600 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 5 g of sodium metaaluminate, 10 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, after the KOH deliquescent is completely completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and the formed pellets are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 40g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 800 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 2100 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 3200 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 5 g of sodium metaaluminate, 10 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, after the KOH deliquescent is completely completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and the formed pellets are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated activated carbon Weigh 30g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 90 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 2000 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 3000 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 40g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 30 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, and its BET ratio The surface area was 2400 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 3600 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 50g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 30 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, and its BET ratio a surface area of 2600m 2 / g, Langmuir specific surface area of 4000m 2 / g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 40g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio The surface area was 2,500 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 3,900 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 10 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 6 g of KOH, after tidal decomposing is completed, then KOH activated activated carbon 24 g is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 60g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 750 ° C at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, and dried to obtain a KOH activated activated carbon powder, the BET ratio thereof. The surface area was 3100 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 4800 m 2 /g.
  • (2) Activated carbon molding weigh 2 g of sodium metaaluminate, 7 g of sodium silicate hydrate, and 3 g of KOH. After the KOH deliquescent is completed, 12 g of KOH activated activated carbon is added and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying under the conditions to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 60g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 800 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 90 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, BET ratio a surface area of 3200m 2 / g, Langmuir specific surface area of 5100m 2 / g.
  • (2) Activated carbon molding Weigh 4g of sodium metaaluminate, 14g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, add 16g of KOH activated activated carbon, knead and extrude, and the formed pellets are at 105 °C. Drying under the conditions to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated carbon Preparation of KOH activated carbon: Weigh 40g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The above mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 750 ° C at a heating rate of 10 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, and dried to obtain a KOH activated activated carbon powder, the BET ratio thereof. The surface area was 2700 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 4000 m 2 /g.
  • (2) Activated carbon molding weigh 2 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 2 g of KOH, and after the deliquescent of KOH is complete, add 8 g of KOH activated activated carbon, knead and extrude, and the formed pellets are at 105 ° C. Drying under the conditions to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated activated carbon Weigh 30g of KOH solid and quickly grind it into powder, and add 10g of coal powder to mix quickly. The mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 850 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 60 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, and its BET ratio a surface area of 1900m 2 / g, Langmuir specific surface area of 2900m 2 / g.
  • (2) Activated carbon molding Weigh 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, and 5 g of KOH. After the KOH deliquescent is completed, add 20 g of KOH activated activated carbon, knead and extrude, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying under the conditions to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.
  • KOH activated activated carbon 80 g of KOH solid was weighed and quickly ground into a powder, and 10 g of pulverized coal was added to rapidly mix and mix. The mixture was placed in an atmosphere furnace, heated to 900 ° C at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min under N 2 protection, activated for 30 min, cooled, washed with water until neutral, dried to obtain KOH activated activated carbon powder, and its BET ratio
  • the surface area was 1800 m 2 /g, and the Langmuir specific surface area was 2300 m 2 /g.
  • Activated carbon molding 4 g of sodium metaaluminate, 14 g of sodium silicate hydrate, 4 g of KOH, and after tidal decomposing is completed, 16 g of KOH activated activated carbon is mixed and kneaded, and extruded, and the formed granules are at 105 ° C. Drying is carried out to obtain a shaped granular activated carbon having a compressive strength of more than 200N.

Abstract

提供一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法。该方法包括如下步骤：1、将KOH固体研成粉末，研磨完成后加入活性炭前体，然后均匀混合；2、将混合物放入气氛炉，在N 2保护下，以5-15℃/min的升温速率升温至700-1000℃，活化30-120min，冷却后经水洗、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末；3、将偏铝酸钠、硅酸钠、KOH形成粘合剂，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭粉末混合揉捏，挤压成型；4、成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭。该方法直接以KOH固体为活化剂，通过调节KOH固体与煤粉的比例调节活化效果，缩短制备时间，增强活化效果，活化温度低，节约能源。

Description

一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法 技术领域
本发明涉及环境污染物吸附处理技术领域，具体涉及一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法。
背景技术
活性炭是利用木炭、木屑、果壳等农副产品、煤及重质石油为原料经炭化活化得到的产物，几乎所有含碳材料都可以用来制备活性炭。活性炭作为最古老最重要的优良多孔性吸附材料，由于具备高度发达的空隙结构和巨大的内比表面积，性能稳定，可以再生等特点，广泛应用于化工、环保、军事化学防护等领域。
目前用于制备活性炭的煤种主要是烟煤、无烟煤、褐煤等。我国煤炭资源丰富，成为生产煤质活性炭大国，常用的是无烟煤和不粘煤、弱粘煤，但生产的活性炭品质欠佳，品种单一。高比表面积活性炭由于具有更丰富的内部孔隙结构和超强吸附能力，在应用方面比普通活性炭具有更高的价值。因此以煤为主要原料得到高比表面积活性炭具有重要意义。
基于所选原料和用途，制备活性炭的方法主要分为物理活化法和化学活化法两种，在实际应用过程中，根据所需活性炭性能要求选择合适的活化方法。物理活化法是将原料在高温下用水蒸气、二氧化碳或空气等氧化性气体与炭材料反应，使炭材料中无序炭部分氧化刻蚀，在材料内部形成发达的微孔结构。碳化温度一般在600℃，活化温度在800-900℃[1]。化学活化法是将原料与化学药品按一定比例混合浸渍一段时间，炭化和活化一步完成。常用的化学活化剂有ZnCl2、H3PO4、KOH等[2]。ZnCl2、H3PO4法的活化温度一般为400-600℃，KOH法为700-900℃。化学活化法虽然存在对设备腐蚀性大、需进一步处理等缺点，但活化产率高，可以得到比表面积更大的活性炭，尤其是KOH活化法。申请号为201010273277.3的中国专利公开了一种炭分子筛的制备方法，包括制备常规的炭分子筛，然 后采用二次活化技术对常规分子筛进行扩孔。该新型分子筛以煤、椰壳或酚醛树脂为原料，通过粉碎、成型、炭化、水蒸气活化、烃类沉积缩合等常规生产步骤，再以二氧化碳或KOH为活化剂，进行二次活化。该方法使用的KOH为溶液，通过对常规炭分子筛进行浸渍两小时后再进行高温活化。该方法存在操作复杂、浪费能源等问题。通过文献调研及本课题组实验发现，固体KOH活化的效果比液体KOH浸渍后活化效果要好。因此，本专利发明了一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法。与KOH溶液相比，不需要长时间浸渍，缩短制备时间且相同条件下活化效果更好；与二氧化碳或水蒸气活化相比，活化温度低，节约能源。
[1]Teng H,Tien S,Hsu L.Y.Preparation of activated carbon from bituminous coal with phosphoric acid activation.Carbon.1998,36(9):1387.
[2]崔静,赵乃勤,李家俊.活性炭制备及不同品种活性炭的研究进展.碳素技术.2005,1(24):26-31.
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案包括如下步骤：
步骤1、将KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，研磨完成后按一定比例加入活性炭前体，然后快速均匀混合形成混合物；
步骤2、迅速将混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5-15℃/min的升温速率升温至700-1000℃，活化30-120min，冷却后经水洗、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末；
步骤3、将偏铝酸钠、硅酸钠、KOH按一定比例混合形成粘合剂，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭粉末，粘合剂和KOH活化活性炭粉末以质量比1:4混合揉捏，挤压成型；
步骤4、成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭。
所述的活性炭前体为各类煤粉，包括无烟煤粉、烟煤、褐煤等。
KOH固体是化学活化剂，在与活性炭前体混合时，为防止KOH固体潮解，需要快速磨成粉末并放入气氛炉中，KOH与煤粉的质量比为(1:5)-(10:1)。
成型过程中所述的粘合剂是合成分子筛的基础原料，具体的粘合剂中的偏铝酸钠:硅酸钠:KOH的摩尔质量比为1:(0.5-5):(0.5-4)。
与现有的技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
本发明直接以KOH固体为活化剂，通过调节KOH固体与煤粉的比例调节活化效果。与KOH溶液相比，不需要长时间浸渍，缩短制备时间且相同条件下活化效果更好；与二氧化碳或水蒸气活化相比，活化温度低，节约能源。
成型过程使用偏铝酸钠、硅酸钠、KOH为粘合剂，是合成分子筛的基础原料。成型后颗粒的抗压强度和耐磨损能力都较高。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取10g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入50g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为200m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为350m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠7g，KOH 2g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭8g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例2
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取100g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为800m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为1300m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例3
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取60g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为3500m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为5300m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例4
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取40g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2500m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为3900m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例5
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取30g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至800℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为1600m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为2300m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠5g，九水硅酸钠10g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例6
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取50g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至1000℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2100m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为3400m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠70g，KOH 10g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭40g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例7
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取60g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至700℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为1700m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为2600m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠5g，九水硅酸钠10g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例8
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取40g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至800℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2100m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为3200m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠5g，九水硅酸钠10g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例9
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取30g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化90min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2000m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为3000m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例10
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取40g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化30min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2400m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为3600m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例11
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取50g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化30min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2600m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为4000m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例13
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取40g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2500m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为3900m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠10g，KOH 6g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭24g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例14
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取60g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以10℃/min的升温速率升温至750℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为3100m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为4800m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称取偏铝酸钠2g，九水硅酸钠7g，KOH 3g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭12g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例15
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取60g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至800℃，活化90min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为3200m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为5100m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称取偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例16
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取40g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以10℃/min的升温速率升温至750℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为2700m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为4000m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称取偏铝酸钠2g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 2g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭8g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例17
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取30g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至850℃，活化60min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为1900m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为2900m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称取偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 5g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭20g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。
实施例18
(1)KOH活化活性炭制备：称取80g KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，加入10g煤粉迅速混合均匀。将上述混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5℃/min的升温速率升温至900℃，活化30min，冷却后经水洗至中性、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末，其BET比表面积为1800m2/g，Langmuir比表面积为2300m2/g。
(2)活性炭成型：称偏铝酸钠4g，九水硅酸钠14g，KOH 4g，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭16g混合揉捏，挤压成型，成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭，其抗压强度大于200N。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    步骤1、将KOH固体快速研磨成粉末，研磨完成后按一定比例加入活性炭前体，然后快速均匀混合形成混合物；
    步骤2、迅速将混合物放入气氛炉，在N2保护下，以5-15℃/min的升温速率升温至700-1000℃，活化30-120min，冷却后经水洗、烘干，得到KOH活化活性炭粉末；
    步骤3、将偏铝酸钠、硅酸钠、KOH按一定比例混合形成粘合剂，待KOH潮解完全后，再加入KOH活化活性炭粉末，粘合剂和KOH活化活性炭粉末以质量比1:4混合揉捏，挤压成型；
    步骤4、成型的颗粒在105℃条件下烘干，得到成型颗粒活性炭。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法，其特征在于所述的活性炭前体为各类煤粉，包括无烟煤粉、烟煤、褐煤。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法，其特征在于KOH固体是化学活化剂，在与活性炭前体混合时，为防止KOH固体潮解，需要快速磨成粉末并放入气氛炉中，且KOH与煤粉的质量比为(1:5)-(10:1)。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种KOH固体活化的活性炭制备及成型方法，其特征在于成型过程中所述的粘合剂是合成分子筛的基础原料，具体的粘合剂中的偏铝酸钠:硅酸钠:KOH的摩尔质量比为1:(0.5-5):(0.5-4)。
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