WO2017090253A1 - Nafld/nash予防及び/又は治療剤 - Google Patents
Nafld/nash予防及び/又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017090253A1 WO2017090253A1 PCT/JP2016/004963 JP2016004963W WO2017090253A1 WO 2017090253 A1 WO2017090253 A1 WO 2017090253A1 JP 2016004963 W JP2016004963 W JP 2016004963W WO 2017090253 A1 WO2017090253 A1 WO 2017090253A1
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- concentrate
- plum juice
- food
- nafld
- therapeutic agent
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/73—Rosaceae (Rose family), e.g. strawberry, chokeberry, blackberry, pear or firethorn
- A61K36/736—Prunus, e.g. plum, cherry, peach, apricot or almond
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/385—Concentrates of non-alcoholic beverages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), particularly nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which contains a concentrate of plum juice or a processed product thereof, and such prophylactic and / or therapeutic agents.
- NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing a therapeutic agent.
- the liver is the largest organ with more than 500 different functions. It reprocesses various nutrients absorbed in the intestine, supplies them to other organs, stores the surplus, and produces and secretes bile. , As well as many other functions necessary to maintain life such as detoxification and excretion.
- this organ is easily damaged by various factors such as irregular life, stress, viruses, drugs, alcohol, malnutrition, hepatic circulatory system disorders, and diseases such as acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis May occur.
- more than 15% of adults are said to have fatty liver, and the expansion to young people is a major social problem.
- Fatty liver has been considered as a pathological condition related to alcoholic liver damage mainly caused by alcohol consumption.
- Alcoholic fatty liver is an alcohol intake that causes fat droplets to be seen in hepatocytes due to the accumulation of fat in the liver.
- fat especially neutral fat
- It refers to a condition that causes liver damage.
- findings similar to alcoholic liver damage also appear in non-alcoholic people.
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can be mentioned as a pathological condition of fatty liver injury in non-alcoholic people.
- NAFLD is manifested in fatty liver, where neutral fat is deposited in hepatocytes, but in about 90% of patients, simple fatty liver that can improve symptoms with appropriate diet and exercise therapy. is there.
- NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- ume flesh has long been known as a home remedy for recovery from fatigue, per meal, etc., and it is a food for autophagy induction containing a neutralized processed product of ume meat extract (for example, see Patent Document 1) and ume meat extract.
- An agent for improving liver function in patients with viral hepatitis containing Japanese processed products has been proposed.
- a plum extract obtained by sterilizing and heat-sterilizing a 20-fold concentrated squeezed ume juice prepared by squeezing ume is effective for rats with galactosamine hydrochloride-induced acute liver injury. (For example, refer nonpatent literature 1).
- An object of the present invention is to prevent NAFLD, in particular NASH, for prevention and / or treatment of NAFLD, especially NASH, which is safe and easy to ingest, obtained by using components contained in plants and processed products thereof. And / or providing a therapeutic agent.
- the present inventors have been searching for components that improve NAFLD, particularly NASH, for components contained in natural products such as plants that are safe and easy to ingest.
- viral hepatitis mainly caused by viral infection and toxic substances
- the concentrate of plum juice and its processed product which were known to be effective against acute hepatitis caused by administration of the above, were administered to streptozocin (STZ) -induced NASLD model mice and STZ-induced NASH model mice.
- STZ streptozocin
- STZ streptozocin
- the present inventors have found that hepatic fibrosis, which is one of the pathological conditions in NAFLD, particularly NASH, can be reduced, and the present invention has been completed.
- a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease comprising a concentrate of plum juice or a processed product thereof.
- NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- a method for preparing a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease comprising the following steps (a) and (b): (A) a step of preparing a plum juice from ome; (B) A step of concentrating the plum juice prepared in step (a) to prepare a plum juice concentrate; (9) The preparation method according to (8) above, wherein the concentration in step (b) is heating concentration. (10) The preparation method as described in (8) or (9) above, further comprising the following step (c).
- (C) a step of neutralizing the plum juice concentrate or the plum juice heated concentrate prepared in step (b) to prepare a plum juice concentrated neutralized product or a plum juice heated concentrated neutralized product;
- NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- the food according to (12) above, wherein the processed product of the concentrate is a neutralized product of the concentrate.
- a food additive comprising, as an active ingredient, a concentrate of plum juice or a processed product thereof.
- Plum juice concentrate or processed product thereof for use in the prevention and / or treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
- NASH non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- NAFLD especially NASH
- NAFLD can be treated by reducing liver tissue fibrosis in NAFLD, especially NASH patients, and by reducing the incidence of NAFLD, especially NASH, in non-alcoholics, NAFLD, especially NASH can be prevented.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the liver tissue by a hematoxylin stain / sirius red stain.
- A is the liver of a standard mouse
- (b) is the liver of an STZ-induced NASH model mouse (control mouse)
- (c) is the liver of an STZ-induced NASH model mouse administered with a concentrated neutralization dilution of plum juice.
- Sirius red staining positive sites of 12-week-old standard mice, 12-week-old STZ-induced NASH model mice, and 12-week-old STZ-induced NASH model mice 28 days after the start of the administration test of concentrated syrup juice were quantified. It is a graph.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the liver tissue by a hematoxylin stain / sirius red stain.
- A is the liver of an STZ-induced NAFLD model mouse (control mouse), and
- b) is the liver of an STZ-induced NAFLD model mouse administered with a concentrated neutralization dilution of plum juice.
- (A) is a photomicrograph of liver tissue of a control rat administered with distilled water stained with hematoxylin and eosin (photographing magnification: 400 times)
- (b) is a heated concentrate of plum juice without neutralization treatment Micrographs of the liver tissue of rats administered with the diluted solution (photographing magnification: 400 times)
- (c) are micrographs of the liver tissue of control rats immunostained with anti- ⁇ smooth muscle actin antibody (photographing magnification). : 1000 times).
- the NAFLD of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent containing a concentrate or a processed product thereof, but is preferably for oral administration.
- Preferred examples of the concentrate include a heated concentrate, and examples of processed products of these concentrates include dilution and / or neutralized products of these concentrates (hereinafter referred to as neutralization of concentrates).
- the processed product is sometimes referred to as “plum juice concentrated neutralized product”).
- the NAFLD or NASH preventive and / or therapeutic agent of the present invention can be used in the form of a medicine or a supplement.
- a concentrate or processed product of plum juice for use in the prevention and / or treatment of NAFLD, in particular NASH, and the production of plum juice in the production of a prevention and / or treatment agent for NAFLD or NASH The use of the concentrate and the processed product thereof, and the prevention and / or treatment method of NAFLD, particularly NASH, in which the concentrated plum juice and the processed product are orally administered to the subject can be mentioned.
- the step (a) of preparing a plum juice from ome the plum juice prepared in the step (a) (heating)
- liver tissue fibrosis refers to activated stellate cells or myofibroblasts that occur in response to hepatocyte necrosis or damage that begins to show signs of fatty degeneration or inflammatory changes, or a decrease in tissue function.
- liver tissue contributes to the maintenance of physical morphology. It is said that it does not restore the function of liver tissue.
- the pathology progresses further and becomes more severe when tissue deposition with excessive fibrous protein deposition such as collagen and fibroblast infiltration and proliferation is not limited to the local area but is widely observed in the liver tissue. Progression to severe liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
- Examples of NAFLD in the present invention include pathological conditions in which deposition of neutral fat on hepatocytes is observed in the liver tissue of non-alcohol intake persons.
- Examples of the action of the NAFLD of the present invention include reduction of liver fibrosis in NASH patients, and a method for confirming the presence or absence of reduction of liver fibrosis and inflammation of liver tissue.
- Methods for staining liver tissue sections include aniline blue staining method, trichrome staining method, silver halide staining method, Azan Mallory staining method, hematoxylin and eosin staining method, Sirius red staining method, hematoxylin staining / Sirius red staining method, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the hydrophilic and high molecular weight Sirius red binds with the cationic metal complex dye to emphasize fibers and related tissues.
- a hematoxylin staining / sirius red staining method that can be dyed can be preferably mentioned.
- liver fibrosis is reduced by administration of the NAFLD of the present invention, particularly NASH prevention and / or treatment agent
- the fibrosis region can be observed after administration by evaluating the above liver tissue image visually using a microscope or the like.
- a case where the staining positive site is decreased or disappeared, or a case where the staining positive site is decreased or disappeared after administration by extracting and analyzing the staining positive site using an image analysis application can be exemplified.
- the improvement of the pathological condition of NASH in the present invention is achieved by reducing liver fibrosis and may be accompanied by an increase in plasma albumin level or plasma total protein level.
- the reduction of liver fibrosis can include, for the sake of convenience, the recovery of liver tissue by the reduction of liver fibrosis that has begun to form and the suppression of the start of liver fibrosis.
- NAFLD NAFLD
- NASH preventive and / or therapeutic agents As subjects (persons) to which the NAFLD of the present invention, particularly NASH preventive and / or therapeutic agents, are administered, those who are diagnosed with NAFLD and NASH and need to treat NAFLD and NASH; and metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes NAFLD and NASH are not diagnosed, such as those who are highly likely to develop NAFLD and NASH such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperuricemia, but it is necessary to prevent NAFLD and NASH / Those who wish to prevent;
- the administration mode of the NAFLD of the present invention can be appropriately set according to the health condition of the subject to be administered, severity of symptoms, age, weight, doctor's judgment, etc. Oral administration is preferred.
- the oral dose to humans is 30 to 600 mg / kg / day, preferably 40 to 370 mg / kg / day, in terms of a diluted solution of concentrated plum juice (1.7 times diluted in Example 3). More preferably, 80 to 300 mg / kg / day can be exemplified.
- optional components for example, crystalline cellulose, gelatin, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, talc, vegetable and animal fats, oils and fats, gums, polyalkylene glycols and the like, pharmaceutically acceptable ordinary carriers, binding Mention various compounding ingredients for preparations such as an agent, a stabilizer, a solvent, a dispersion medium, an extender, an excipient, a diluent, a pH buffer, a disintegrant, a solubilizer, a solubilizer, and an isotonic agent. it can.
- the step (a) in the method for preparing NAFLD of the present invention can include a step of preparing a plum juice from Ome.
- a plum juice from Ome For example, for Ome 1, preferably 0 And a step of preparing a plum juice at a ratio of 2 to 0.6.
- the method for obtaining the roughly crushed ome pulp include a method of crushing ome with a mixer or the like.
- the ume it is preferable to use the ume just after collection, or it is preferable to cryopreserve the ume just after collection until just before preparing the plum juice.
- the plum juice prepared in the above step (a) is concentrated to concentrate the plum juice, preferably heated and concentrated. For example, preferably 0.07 to 0.2, more preferably 0.075 to 0.15, and still more preferably 0 with respect to the plum juice 1.
- the plum juice (heated) concentrate prepared in the above step (b) is neutralized and the plum juice (heated)
- the process of preparing a concentrated neutralized product it is preferable to dilute the plum juice (heated) concentrate prior to neutralization.
- the amount of water is preferably 0.5 to 6.0, more preferably 0.75 to 4.3, and still more preferably 1.0 to 2.0 with respect to the plum juice (heated) concentrate 1.
- a diluted solution of plum juice (heated) concentrate can be prepared by adding an appropriate solvent
- the diluted solution of the plum juice (heated) concentrate is neutralized.
- the pH of the diluted solution of plum juice (heated) concentrate is preferably pH 5.0 to 8.0, By adjusting the pH to 5.4 to 7.2, more preferably to pH 6.5 to 7.0, a solution of plum juice (heated) concentrated neutralized product can be prepared.
- the alkaline solution include NaOH aqueous solution and KOH aqueous solution.
- insoluble matter such as non-dispersible solids and non-flowable solids can be removed from the solution of the above concentrated plum juice (heated) concentrate by a filter or centrifugation. Moreover, after removing an insoluble matter using the mesh from the solution of the said ume fruit juice (heating) concentrated neutralized material, it can also be diluted and made into a product.
- the above-described concentrated plum juice (heated) concentrate is usually diluted at a predetermined magnification.
- the predetermined magnification include 1.5 to 20 times, preferably 2 to 10 times, and more preferably 3 to 5 times.
- NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- the concentrated plum juice or processed product thereof according to the present invention can be used in the food field.
- various foods for example, general foods including so-called health foods, special special-purpose foods, health functional foods, food materials, beverages
- Special-purpose foods include food for the sick, food for specified health use, milk powder for pregnant and lactating women, infant formula, and food for people with difficulty swallowing.
- Functional health foods include foods for specified health use, nutritional functional foods, and functional labeling foods.
- the concentrated plum juice or processed product thereof according to the present invention can be particularly preferably used for the production of foods for patients, foods for specified health use, functional display foods and the like.
- the concentrated plum juice or processed product thereof according to the present invention can be ingested as a food in the form (paste) as it is without adding other substances. If necessary, the concentrated plum juice of the present invention or the processed product thereof may be pulverized or granulated by conventional means.
- the concentrated plum juice of the present invention or processed product thereof after adding suitable auxiliaries such as rice flour, oil and fat, starch, lactose, maltose, vegetable oil and fat powder, cocoa butter powder, stearic acid, etc. to the concentrated plum juice of the present invention or processed product thereof, conventional means are used.
- the compounding quantity of the concentrate of the plum juice of this invention or its processed material is suitably set according to the kind, state, etc. of the said edible composition.
- STZ-induced NASH model mice Streptozocin (STZ) was administered to C57BL / 6J mice to produce STZ-induced NASH model mice. The outline is shown below.
- mice For 30 C57BL / 6J mice (Charles River Japan) on the 17th day of pregnancy, as a standard diet, gamma-irradiated solid feed (CRF-1, manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.), and free drinking water The animals were reared individually and given birth. The offspring mice were divided at a ratio of 4: 1 into mice administered STZ and mice not administered (standard mice).
- CRF-1 gamma-irradiated solid feed
- the birth date was set to day 0, and the second day after birth, a syringe for insulin (MyJector, Terumo) was used and 10 mg / mL (0.1 M) of STZ (manufactured by Sigma) was used. 20 ⁇ L of citrate buffer (pH 4.5) solution was subcutaneously administered to the back. After STZ administration, they were reared by breastfeeding until they reached 4 weeks of age. Males and females were identified on the day when they reached 4 weeks of age and 4 weeks had passed after STZ administration, and male individuals were selected. On the same day, the male individuals fasted for 6 hours, and then the blood glucose level was measured by collecting blood from the tail vein using a simple blood glucose measuring device (Glutest Neo, manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Laboratory).
- Glutest Neo manufactured by Sanwa Chemical Laboratory
- a statistical analysis system EXSUS7.7 manufactured by CAC Excicare was used, and in the following examination, a group of mice administered with a concentrated neutralized product of plum juice and a control mouse group In addition, grouping was performed by stratified randomized allocation. Body weight was measured every week from the grouping date and on the day of necropsy.
- the plasma albumin concentration of the standard mouse was 1.91 g / dL
- the plasma albumin concentration of the control mouse was 1.77 g / dL.
- the plasma albumin concentration of the mice administered with the concentrated neutralization dilution of plum juice was 1.96 g / dL
- oral administration of the concentrated neutralization dilution of plum juice resulted in an increase in the plasma albumin level, and the survival rate was reduced.
- STZ-induced NAFLD model mice STZ-induced NAFLD model mice that reached 5 weeks of age were administered with a concentrated neutralization dilution of plum juice from the next day when they reached 5 weeks of age.
- oral administration of a concentrated neutralization diluted solution of plum juice has the effect of suppressing infiltration and fibrosis of inflammatory cells in the liver of STZ-induced NAFLD model mice, and may have the effect of improving and treating NAFLD and preventing NASH. confirmed.
- mice administered with the concentrated neutralization dilution solution of plum juice showed significantly lower values than the control mice (* in the figure). Is a significant difference test by Student's t-test in comparison between a control mouse group and a mouse group administered with a concentrated neutralization dilution solution of plum juice, indicating that the P value is 0.05 or less)
- Hematoxylin and eosin staining Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed on the control mice and the mice treated with the concentrated neutralization dilution solution of plum juice using the paraffin sections. Sections of individuals close to the average values of AST and ALT in both groups were selected, and the pathological image was observed with an all-in-one fluorescence microscope (BZ-9000, manufactured by Keyence) under a 4 ⁇ objective lens. ) And (b).
- the plum juice concentrate and processed product of the present invention are useful in the medical field in that NAFLD or NASH can be prevented and / or treated.
- D (+)-galactosamine hydrochloride at a dose of 750 mg / 2.5 mL / kg was intraperitoneally administered to induce acute liver injury.
- blood was exhaled from the abdominal aorta under anesthesia with pentobarbital, and the liver was collected, formalin-fixed, and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining.
- FIG. 10 (c) shows that the cells appearing in the liver lobule by galactosamine administration are activated stellate cells (cells indicated by ⁇ ) that are positive for immunostaining with anti- ⁇ smooth muscle actin antibody.
- the plum juice concentrate and processed product thereof according to the present invention are extremely useful in the medical field in that NAFLD or NASH can be prevented and / or treated.
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Abstract
Description
(1)梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を含む非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の予防及び/又は治療剤。
(2)濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする上記(1)記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
(3)濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする上記(1)又は(2)記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
(4)経口投与用であることを特徴とする上記(1)~(3)のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
(5)サプリメントとして使用することを特徴とする上記(1)~(4)のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
(6)肝組織における線維化を軽減することを特徴とする上記(1)~(5)のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
(7)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)が非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)であることを特徴とする上記(1)~(6)のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
(8)以下の(a)及び(b)の工程を含むことを特徴とする非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の予防及び/又は治療剤の調製方法。
(a)青梅から梅搾汁液を調製する工程;
(b)工程(a)で調製された梅搾汁液を濃縮して梅果汁濃縮物を調製する工程;
(9)工程(b)における濃縮が、加熱濃縮であることを特徴とする上記(8)記載の調製方法。
(10)さらに、以下の工程(c)を含むことを特徴とする上記(8)又は(9)記載の調製方法。
(c)工程(b)で調製された梅果汁濃縮物又は梅果汁加熱濃縮物を中和して、梅果汁濃縮中和物又は梅果汁加熱濃縮中和物を調製する工程;
(11)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)が非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)であることを特徴とする上記(8)~(10)のいずれか記載の調製方法。
(12)梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を含む食品。
(13)濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする上記(12)記載の食品。
(14)濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする上記(12)又は(13)記載の食品。
(15)食品が病者用食品、特定保健用食品又は機能性表示食品である、上記(12)~(14)のいずれか記載の食品。
(16)梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を有効成分とする食品添加剤。
(17)濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする上記(16)記載の食品添加剤。
(18)濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする上記(16)又は(17)記載の食品添加剤。
(19)病者用食品、特定保健用食品又は機能性表示食品の製造に使用される、上記(16)~(18)のいずれか記載の食品添加剤。
(20)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の予防及び/又は治療における使用のための梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物。
(21)濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする上記(20)記載の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物。
(22)濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする上記(20)又は(21)記載の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物。
(23)経口投与用であることを特徴とする上記(20)~(22)のいずれか記載の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物。
(24)サプリメントとして使用することを特徴とする上記(20)~(23)のいずれか記載の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物。
(25)肝組織における線維化を軽減することを特徴とする上記(20)~(24)のいずれか記載の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物。
(26)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)が非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)であることを特徴とする上記(20)~(25)のいずれか記載の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物。
(27)有効量の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を対象に投与することを含む、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)を予防及び/又は治療する方法。
(28)濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする上記(27)記載の方法。
(29)濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする上記(27)又は(28)記載の方法。
(30)経口投与用であることを特徴とする上記(27)~(29)のいずれか記載の方法。
(31)サプリメントとして使用することを特徴とする上記(27)~(30)のいずれか記載の方法。
(32)肝組織における線維化を軽減することを特徴とする上記(27)~(31)のいずれか記載の方法。
(33)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)が非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)であることを特徴とする上記(27)~(32)のいずれか記載の方法。
(34)有効量の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物の、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の予防及び/又は治療剤を製造するための方法。
(35)濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする上記(34)記載の方法。
(36)濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする上記(34)又は(35)記載の方法。
(37)経口投与用であることを特徴とする上記(34)~(36)のいずれか記載の方法。
(38)サプリメントとして使用することを特徴とする上記(34)~(37)のいずれか記載の方法。
(39)肝組織における線維化を軽減することを特徴とする上記(34)~(38)のいずれか記載の方法。
(40)非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)が非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)であることを特徴とする上記(34)~(39)のいずれか記載の方法。
本発明の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物は、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の予防及び/又は治療剤として使用することに加え、食品分野においても利用することが可能である。例えば、本発明の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を含有する種々の食品(例えば、いわゆる健康食品を含む一般食品、特定特別用途食品、保健機能食品、食品素材、飲料)、食品添加剤、等が挙げられる。特別用途食品には、病者用食品、特定保健用食品、妊産婦・授乳婦用粉乳、乳児用調製粉乳、えん下困難者用食品が含まれる。保健機能食品には、特定保健用食品、栄養機能食品及び機能性表示食品が含まれる。本発明の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物は、病者用食品、特定保健用食品、機能性表示食品などの製造に特に好適に用いることができる。本発明の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物は、他の物質を加えずにそのままの形態(ペースト状)で食品として摂取することができる。また、必要に応じて、慣用手段により、本発明の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を粉末化あるいは顆粒化しても良い。更に、本発明の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物に、米粉、油脂、澱粉、乳糖、麦芽糖、植物油脂粉末、カカオ脂末、ステアリン酸などの適当な助剤を添加した後、慣用の手段を用いて、食用に適した形態、例えば、ペースト、ドリンク、ソフトカプセル、シームレスカプセル、ハードカプセル、顆粒、丸剤などに成形して食用に供してもよく、また、種々の食品、例えば、食パン、菓子パン等のパン;ジャム;ビスケット;クッキー;せんべい等の菓子;ケーキ;ガム;インスタントラーメン、インスタントみそ汁、インスタントスープ等のインスタント食品;アイスクリーム製品;ヨーグルト、牛乳、ドリンク剤、清涼飲料(お茶、コーヒー、紅茶、ジュース等)などの飲料に添加して使用してもよい。この場合、本発明の梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物の配合量は、当該食用組成物の種類や状態等により適宜設定される。
採取直後の青梅20kgをミキサーで砕き、荒く砕いた果肉を、遠心力を利用した絞り器で搾り、搾り汁を回収して梅搾汁液8kgを得た。この梅搾汁液を加熱沸騰させたまま約90時間かけて濃縮し、さらに24時間100℃以上を維持することにより加熱処理し、梅果汁加熱濃縮物0.4kg(Brix75%)を得た。
C57BL/6Jマウスにストレプトゾシン(STZ)を投与し、STZ誘発NASHモデルマウスを作製した。概要を以下に示す。
(マウスの群分け)
上記STZ誘発NASHモデルマウス群について、8週齢に達した日に、頚静脈採血法より0.05mLの採血を行った。採血された血液は、ただちにヘパリンが入った遠心チューブに回収し、3000rpmにて10分間遠心分離して、血漿を得た後、ドライケム(富士フィルム社)を用いてALT値を測定した。ALT値、体重、及び血糖値に基づいて、統計解析システムEXSUS7.7(CACエクシケア社製)を用いて、以下の検討において、梅果汁濃縮中和物の投与を行うマウス群と、コントロールマウス群とに、層別無作為化割付にて群分けを行った。群分け日から1週間毎に、及び剖検日に体重を測定した。
8週齢に達した次の日から、実施例1で調製した不溶物を除去した梅果汁加熱濃縮中和物(溶液)の蒸留水による1.7倍希釈液(「梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液」という)の投与試験を行った。梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス群とコントロールマウス群にはHFD32を、標準マウス群にはCRF-1を、それぞれ自由給餌させ、蒸留水の自由飲水下に飼育を行った。さらに、投与開始日から28日間連続してそれぞれ午前9時から午前11時の間に1回と午後5時から午後7時の間に1回ずつ経口胃ゾンデを用いて、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス群には、10mL/kg(体重)の梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液を、コントロールマウス群には、10mL/kg(体重)の蒸留水を投与した。
上記ホルマリン浸漬肝臓について、パラフィン切片を作製した。ヘマトキシリン染色及びPicrosirius Red Stain Kit(コスモバイオ株式会社)を用いてシリウスレッド染色を実施した。シリウスレッド染色を施した切片標本は、オールインワン蛍光顕微鏡(BZ-9000、キーエンス社製)にて10倍の対物レンズ下で画像を取り込み、連結画像を作製した。結果を図1(a)~(c)に示す。
図1(a)より明らかなとおり、STZ非投与の標準マウスの肝臓ではシリウスレッド陽性となるコラーゲン繊維は血管基底膜にのみ認められ、疾患反応性の肝線維化は認められないが、図1(b)から明らかなとおり、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液非投与・STZ投与のコントロールマウスの肝臓においては、炎症細胞の浸潤と、シリウスレッド陽性なコラーゲンが肝細胞周囲に拡張した像がみられ、肝線維化が認められた(特に矢印部位)。一方、図1(c)から明らかなとおり、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスの肝臓においては、炎症細胞の浸潤と線維化はみられなかった。したがって、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液の経口投与は、STZ誘発NASHモデルマウスの肝臓における炎症細胞の浸潤と線維化を消滅させる効果があることが確認された。
上記連結画像について、BZ-II画像解析アプリケーションを使用してシリウスレッド陽性部位面積を抽出し、標準マウス(n=7)を1とした場合の、コントロールマウス(n=18)と梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス(n=18)とのそれぞれの比を算出して図2のグラフに示した。有意差検定(スチューデントのt検定)は、p<0.05をもって有意差ありと判断した。
図2から明らかなとおり、標準マウス(n=7)を1とした場合、コントロールマウスのシリウスレッド陽性部位の値は、1.55であり、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスのシリウスレッド陽性部位の値は、1.26であり有意に減少した(図中の*は、STZ投与のコントロールマウス群と梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス群の比較において、上記の有意差検定で、P値が0.05以下であることを示す)。梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液の経口投与は、NASHモデルマウスの肝臓における炎症細胞の浸潤と線維化を予防及び/又は治療する効果があることが確認された。
非代償性肝硬変患者における血清アルブミン濃度と累積生存率とは相関関係にあり、血清アルブミン濃度が高値のほうが予後が良いことが知られていることから、3種のマウスについて血漿中のアルブミン濃度を測定した。結果を図3に示す。
図3から明らかなとおり、標準マウスの血漿アルブミン濃度が1.91g/dLであり、コントロールマウスの血漿アルブミン濃度は1.77g/dLであった。一方、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスの血漿アルブミン濃度は1.96g/dLであったことから、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液の経口投与は、血漿アルブミン値の増加をもたらし、生存率の上昇をもたらす可能性があることが確認された(図中の*は、STZ投与のコントロールマウス群と梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス群の比較において、スチューデントのt検定による有意差検定で、P値が0.05以下であることを示す)。
肝障害が進展することにより肝機能が低下すると肝臓でのタンパク質合成能が低下することが知られていることから(Hepatology 1984 May-Jun;4(3):430-5)、3種のマウスについて血漿総タンパク値を測定した。結果を図4に示す。
図4から明らかなとおり、標準マウスの血漿総タンパク値が4.34g/dLであり、コントロールマウスの血漿総タンパク値は3.83g/dLであった。一方、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスのシリウスレッド血漿アルブミン値は4.10g/dLであったことから、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液の経口投与は、血漿総タンパク値の増加をもたらし、肝臓でのタンパク質合成能の上昇をもたらす可能性があることが確認された(図中の*は、STZ投与のコントロールマウス群と梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス群の比較において、スチューデントのt検定による有意差検定で、P値が0.05以下であることを示す)。
3種のマウスについて血漿中のアスパラギン酸アミノ基転移醇素(AST)濃度とアラニンアミノ基転移酵素(ALT)濃度とが、富士ドライケム生化学分析装置により測定された。実験に使用したマウスの体重と併せて、結果を図5(a)~(c)に示す。
図5(a)から明らかなとおり、体重については、コントロールマウス、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスとも、標準マウスと比較して減少していた。ALT値及びAST値については、コントロールマウス及び梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスは、標準マウスと比較して高い値を示した(図中のn.s.は、STZ投与のコントロールマウス群と梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス群の比較において、スチューデントのt検定による有意差検定で、P値が0.05より大きいことを示す)。
8~12週齢のSTZ誘発NASHモデルマウスにおいて、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液を経口投与した場合、AST・ALT値には差を認めないが線維化を有意に軽減されることが確認され、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液のNASHにおける線維化の軽減効果が認められた。また、12週齢に至っても肝線維症への進行を抑制できることが確認された。また、血中アルブミン値・総タンパク値は梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液の投与により有意に上昇することが確認され、肝機能の改善が示された。
5週齢に達したSTZ誘発NAFLDモデルマウスに、5週齢に達した次の日から梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液を投与した。
上記ホルマリン浸漬肝臓について、パラフィン切片を作製した。ヘマトキシリン染色及びPicrosirius Red Stain Kitを用いてシリウスレッド染色を実施した。シリウスレッド染色を施した切片標本は、上記オールインワン蛍光顕微鏡にて10倍の対物レンズ下で画像を取り込み、連結画像を作製した。結果を図6(a)及び(b)に示す。
図6(a)から明らかなとおり、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液非投与・STZ投与のコントロールNAFLDモデルマウスの肝臓においては、血管周囲への炎症細胞の集積、肝細胞への脂肪沈着、ならびにシリウスレッド陽性なコラーゲン線維化部位の拡張が認められ、NASHへ進行していることが確認された。一方、図6(b)から明らかなとおり、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液を投与したマウスの肝臓においては、炎症細胞の浸潤や肝細胞の脂肪沈着、血管周囲の線維化拡張はほとんどみられなかった。したがって、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液の経口投与は、STZ誘発NAFLDモデルマウスの肝臓における炎症細胞の浸潤と線維化を抑制させる効果があり、NAFLDの改善や治療、NASHの予防効果があることが確認された。
上記連結画像について、BZ-II画像解析アプリケーションを使用してシリウスレッド陽性部位面積を抽出し、コントロールマウス(n=19)を1とした場合の梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス(n=19)の比を算出して図7のグラフに示した。有意差検定(スチューデントのt検定)は、p<0.05をもって有意差ありと判断した。
図7から明らかなとおり、コントロールマウス(n=19)を1とした場合、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス(n=19)のシリウスレッド陽性部位の値は、0.63であり有意に減少した(図中の*は、コントロールマウス群と梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスの上記の有意差検定で、有意差ありと判定されたことを示す)。
標準マウス(n=7)、コントロールマウス(n=19)、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス(n=19)の3種のマウスについて血漿中のAST濃度とALT濃度とが、日立7180型自動分析装置を用いたJSCC標準化対応法により測定された。結果を図8(a)及び(b)に示す。
図8(a)及び(b)から明らかなとおり、AST値及びALT値について、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスは、コントロールマウスと比較して有意に低い値を示した(図中の*は、コントロールマウス群と梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウス群の比較において、スチューデントのt検定による有意差検定で、P値が0.05以下であることを示す)
コントロールマウスと梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液投与マウスとについて、上記パラフィン切片を用いてヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色を行った。両群のAST及びALTの平均値に近い個体の切片を選択し、病理像をオールインワン蛍光顕微鏡(BZ-9000、キーエンス社製)にて4倍の対物レンズ下で観察した結果を図9(a)及び(b)に示す。
5~8週齢のSTZ誘発NAFLDモデルマウスにおいて、梅果汁濃縮中和希釈液を経口投与した場合、AST・ALT値は有意に低下し、脂肪沈着も有意に軽減され、線維化の顕在化を抑制する効果があることが確認された。したがって、NAFLDモデルマウスの肝臓における炎症細胞の浸潤を予防して、8週齢に至ってもNASHへの進行を抑制できることが確認された。
本発明の梅果汁濃縮物やその処理物は、NAFLD又はNASHを予防及び/又は治療できるという点で、医療分野において有用である。
(材料と方法)
動物は8週齢のウィスター系雄性ラットを用いた。実施例1の梅果汁の加熱濃縮物を約等重量の水で希釈して梅果汁加熱濃縮物溶液とし、さらに水でメスアップして中和していない梅果汁加熱濃縮物の溶液(37w/v%溶液)を得た。この中和していない梅果汁加熱濃縮物の溶液を実施例3における試験と同濃度に希釈した梅果汁加熱濃縮物の投与液(中和していない梅果汁加熱濃縮物溶液の希釈液)を6g/kgの用量、動物に8日間経口投与し同量の蒸留水を投与した場合(コントロール群)と比較した。投与7日目の試験物質投与終了後に750mg/2.5mL/kgの用量のD(+)-ガラクトサミン塩酸塩を腹腔内に投与し急性肝障害を誘発した。このガラクトサミン投与48時間後にペントバルビタール麻酔下に腹部大動脈より放血して、肝臓を採取しホルマリン固定し、ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色に供した。また、ガラクトサミン投与ラットの肝小葉内に出現する細胞が、抗α smooth muscle actin抗体(Proteintech社)による免疫染色(ニチレイ社ヒストファイン染色キット)に陽性を示す活性化星細胞であることの確認を行った。
(結果)
肝臓組織は蒸留水を与えた群では、肝小葉内に小型の繊維産生細胞の集積像が見られるのに対し(図10(a))。梅果汁濃縮物の投与液を与えた群では、これらの繊維産生細胞の集積が、著しく軽減されていた(図10(b))。コントロール群の肝小葉内に集積した小型の繊維産生細胞は、α smooth muscle actin抗原が陽性な活性化星細胞であり、肝組織における繊維化の責任細胞である。この結果から梅果汁濃縮物の投与液を与えた群では、ガラクトサミンの投与により誘導される肝障害に伴う肝の繊維化責任細胞である活性化星細胞の出現を抑制したことが分かった。図10(c)は、ガラクトサミン投与により肝小葉内に出現する細胞が、抗α smooth muscle actin抗体による免疫染色に陽性を示す活性化星細胞(→が示す細胞)であることを示している。
Claims (19)
- 梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を含む非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 経口投与用であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- サプリメントとして使用することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 肝組織における線維化を軽減することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)が非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか記載の予防及び/又は治療剤。
- 以下の(a)及び(b)の工程を含むことを特徴とする非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)の予防及び/又は治療剤の調製方法。
(a)青梅から梅搾汁液を調製する工程;
(b)工程(a)で調製された梅搾汁液を濃縮して梅果汁濃縮物を調製する工程; - 工程(b)における濃縮が、加熱濃縮であることを特徴とする請求項8記載の調製方法。
- さらに、以下の工程(c)を含むことを特徴とする請求項8又は9記載の調製方法。
(c)工程(b)で調製された梅果汁濃縮物又は梅果汁加熱濃縮物を中和して、梅果汁濃縮中和物又は梅果汁加熱濃縮中和物を調製する工程; - 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患(NAFLD)が非アルコール性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)であることを特徴とする請求項8~10のいずれか記載の調製方法。
- 梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を含む食品。
- 濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする請求項12記載の食品。
- 濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする請求項12又は13記載の食品。
- 食品が病者用食品、特定保健用食品又は機能性表示食品である、請求項12~14のいずれか記載の食品。
- 梅果汁の濃縮物又はその処理物を含む食品添加剤。
- 濃縮物の処理物が濃縮物の中和処理物であることを特徴とする請求項16記載の食品添加剤。
- 濃縮物が加熱濃縮物であることを特徴とする請求項16又は17記載の食品添加剤。
- 病者用食品、特定保健用食品又は機能性表示食品の製造に使用される、請求項16~18のいずれか記載の食品添加剤。
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CA3004153A CA3004153A1 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (nafld)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (nash) |
JP2017552276A JP6485846B2 (ja) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Nafld/nash予防及び/又は治療剤 |
US15/776,108 US10610558B2 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for NAFLD/NASH |
KR1020187013064A KR102080128B1 (ko) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Nafld/nash 예방 및/또는 치료제 |
EP16868204.5A EP3381459A4 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | PROPHYLACTIC AND / OR THERAPEUTIC ACTIVE FOR NAFLD / NASH |
SG11201804029UA SG11201804029UA (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for nafld/nash |
CN201680068041.1A CN108289923A (zh) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Nafld/nash预防及/或治疗剂 |
NZ742338A NZ742338A (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for nafld/nash |
AU2016359870A AU2016359870B2 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2016-11-25 | Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for NAFLD/NASH |
PH12018550050A PH12018550050A1 (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2018-04-27 | Prophylactic and/or therapeutic agent for nafld/nash |
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JP (1) | JP6485846B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102080128B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108289923A (ja) |
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CN114845725B (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2023-09-26 | (株)美尊生活健康 | 包含朝鲜紫菀提取物的用于预防或治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的药物组合物 |
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JP2003265138A (ja) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-24 | Nippon Apricot:Kk | 抗腫瘍性飲食品 |
JP2007143452A (ja) | 2005-11-25 | 2007-06-14 | Nippon Apricot Kk | オートファジー誘導用飲食品 |
JP2011201841A (ja) | 2010-03-26 | 2011-10-13 | Ada Bio株式会社 | ウイルス性肝炎患者における肝機能改善剤 |
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JP2007143452A (ja) | 2005-11-25 | 2007-06-14 | Nippon Apricot Kk | オートファジー誘導用飲食品 |
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KR102080128B1 (ko) | 2020-02-24 |
US20180325975A1 (en) | 2018-11-15 |
KR20180059553A (ko) | 2018-06-04 |
AU2016359870B2 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
EP3381459A1 (en) | 2018-10-03 |
JPWO2017090253A1 (ja) | 2018-07-12 |
AU2016359870A1 (en) | 2018-05-24 |
EP3381459A4 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
JP6485846B2 (ja) | 2019-03-20 |
NZ742338A (en) | 2020-01-31 |
CA3004153A1 (en) | 2017-06-01 |
SG11201804029UA (en) | 2018-06-28 |
TW201722455A (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
US10610558B2 (en) | 2020-04-07 |
CN108289923A (zh) | 2018-07-17 |
PH12018550050A1 (en) | 2018-10-29 |
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