JP5007995B2 - 海苔を用いた糖尿病治療剤 - Google Patents
海苔を用いた糖尿病治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明による糖尿病治療剤、血糖低下剤及び/又は脂肪分解抑制剤は、海苔を熱水で抽出して得られる上清を有効成分として含むものである。海苔を熱水で抽出して得られる上清としては、(1)海苔を100℃以上の熱水で抽出した後に、40から70℃に冷却してさらに2時間以上抽出して得られる上清、または(2)海苔を100℃以上の熱水で抽出した後に、40から70℃に冷却してさらに2時間以上抽出して上清を取得し、この上清にエタノールを添加して得られる非沈殿区分及び分子量1000以下の画分などを用いることができる。
インスリン様作用物質をスクリーニングするために3種類の海藻を実験試料として使用した。調製法は、トサカノリ(T)、海苔(N)、クロメ(K)を熱水(120℃、20分)抽出後、50℃に冷却してさらに12時間(一夜)抽出した。これらの抽出物から得られたそれぞれの遠心上清(TE, NE, KE)に75%エタノールを添加し、沈殿画分(多糖類画分)と非沈殿区分(TS, NS, KS)に分けた。遠心上清(TE, NE, KE)および非沈殿区分(TS, NS, KS)は、減圧濃縮後に凍結乾燥して実験に用いた。
先の方法で調製したNS画分を分子量の違いで分けて、インスリン様作用を比較した。NS画分をミリポア製の限外濾過膜(分子量1000、3000、5000膜)を用いて分画し、得られたそれぞれの画分は減圧濃縮後、凍結乾燥して実験に供した。
測定を行った結果を図2に示す。分子量1000以下の画分(NS1000)で最も強い作用を示した。そこで、NS1000が生体内で実際に血糖値を下げるかどうか確認するために、実験動物を用いて以下の実験を行った。
生体内で実際に血糖値を下げるかどうかを確認するために、NS1000を静脈に直接投与して、血糖値へ及ぼす影響を経時的に観察した。実験方法は、6〜7週齢のWistar系雄性ラットを一晩絶食し、体重に有意差が出ないようにコントロール群と被験物群に分け、コントロール群には生理的食塩水を(530μl/Kg体重)、被験物群はNS1000(130μg/Kg体重)をラットの尾静脈より投与した。投与前を0分として経口投与後30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360分後、非麻酔下でラットの尾静脈より採血した。なお、動物は九動(株)より購入し、室温23℃、12時間のライトサイクルで固形飼育用飼料CE-2を自由摂取させ、自由飲水として飼育した。血糖値の測定はグルコース-B-テストワコー(和光純薬工業(株))を使用した。
糖尿病では食後の急激な血糖値上昇を抑えることが重要だと考えられている。また、糖尿病治療に用いられるインスリンは、小腸で分解されて腸管吸収ができないため、通常医師の指導下で皮下または筋肉注射により血糖値のコントロールを行わなくてはいけない。従って、簡便に血糖値を下げるために、さまざまな糖尿病経口薬が市販されているが、副作用があり、満足できる治療効果が得られていない。また、食品による経口摂取可能なインスリン様作用物質の報告は少ない。
モデルにはSTZ(ストレプトゾトシン)誘発糖尿病ラットを用いたが、これはSTZの投与量の増大により糖尿病も重篤となるが、本実施例では膵臓のβ細胞を完全に破壊しない程度の緩和な状態で実験を行った。つまり、II型糖尿病に近い病態を持つ動物で実験を行った。STZ誘発糖尿病ラットの作製は、STZを40mMリン酸緩衝液pH4.0に溶解し、4日間予備飼育した8週齢Wistar系雄性ラットに腹腔投与した(65mg/Kg体重)。投与後4日後に尿糖が2000以上になった動物を実験に使用した。なお、動物は九動(株)より購入し、室温23℃、12時間のライトサイクルで固形飼育用飼料CE-2を自由摂取させ、自由飲水として飼育した。このように作製したSTZ誘発糖尿病ラットを一晩絶食し、体重に有意差が出ないようにコントロール群と被験物群に分け、コントロール群には純水(1.3ml/Kg体重)を、被験物群はNS中の分子量1000以下(NE1000)の画分(267mg/Kg体重)をD(+)-グルコース水溶液(3.0g/Kg体重)と混ぜて非麻酔下で経口投与した。投与前を0分として経口投与後30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360分後、非麻酔下でラットの尾静脈より採血した。血糖値の測定はグルコース-B-テストワコー(和光純薬工業(株))を使用した。
本実施例では、複数種の海藻を用いてインスリン様作用を検討した結果、海苔のNS1000画分にその強い活性を見いだした。続いて、その効果を生体内で確認するために、実験動物を用いて血糖降下作用を確認した。まず、NS1000が生体内で血糖降下作用を示すかを確かめるために、尾静脈に直接投与し、血糖値の経時的変化を比較したところ、コントロール群に比べて低い値を示した。この結果から、NS1000が体内で血糖降下作用を示すことがわかったので、続いて経口摂取による影響を検討した。
Claims (1)
- 海苔を100℃以上の熱水で抽出した後に、40から70℃に冷却してさらに2時間以上抽出して上清を取得し、この上清にエタノールを添加して得られる非沈殿区分であって、分子量1000以下の画分である上記非沈殿区分を有効成分として含む、糖尿病治療剤、血糖低下剤及び/又は脂肪分解抑制剤。
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