WO2017080336A1 - 一种用于聚合物中的水滑石及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于聚合物中的水滑石及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017080336A1
WO2017080336A1 PCT/CN2016/101725 CN2016101725W WO2017080336A1 WO 2017080336 A1 WO2017080336 A1 WO 2017080336A1 CN 2016101725 W CN2016101725 W CN 2016101725W WO 2017080336 A1 WO2017080336 A1 WO 2017080336A1
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hydrotalcite
polymer
moles
preparation
metal ion
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PCT/CN2016/101725
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French (fr)
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何洁冰
池文杰
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呈和科技股份有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F7/00Compounds of aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01GCOMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G9/00Compounds of zinc

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of fillers for polymers, and in particular to a hydrotalcite for use in polymers and a process for the preparation thereof.
  • Hydrotalcite-like compounds are the first to be found in magnesium-aluminum natural hydrotalcite. It was subsequently discovered that the hydrotalcite-like layered compound has a variety of structures. HTLc has been widely used in catalysts, catalyst precursors, ion exchange, separation materials, flame retardants, polymer stabilizers, photoelectric active materials, biosensors, drug release agents, and the like. However, hydrotalcites of different structures have different uses.
  • a method for preparing a polymer/hydrotalcite nanocomposite is disclosed in the patent application 200910099147.X, which is a specific application of the hydrotalcite-like substance in the polymer.
  • EP 0 952 189 A1 discloses that the hydrotalcite compound particles used in the resin composition have the formula (1), M 1-x Al x (OH) 2 A n- x/n ⁇ mH 2 O(1), wherein M is Mg and/or Zn, A n- is an n-valent anion, and x and m are positive numbers satisfying the following relationship: 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1; (i) average particle size of hydrotalcite compound particles tested by laser light scattering method The diameter does not exceed 2um.
  • EP0989095A1 discloses a hydrotalcite compound characterized by being represented by the formula (1): M 2+ 1-x Al 3+ x (OH) 2 A 2- x/2 ⁇ mH 2 O(1), wherein , M 2+ is at least one of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ ; 0.2 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5; A 2- is at least one of CO 3 2- and SO 4 2- ; m ranges from 0 to 2 The average particle size does not exceed 3 um, and the BET specific surface does not exceed 30 m 2 /g.
  • the hydrotalcite used in the above invention patent does not form a good structure-activity relationship between structure, particle size and specific surface area, resulting in an effect that is not ideal when applied to polymer production, an effect of acid absorption and transparency. In particular, there are still many problems to be solved in terms of acid absorption.
  • the present inventors have discovered a special hydrotalcite structure which exhibits unique effects on acid absorption and transparency performance in the production of polymers.
  • the present invention provides a hydrotalcite having a chemical formula of:
  • M 2+ is a mixture of divalent metal ions or divalent metal ions selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ , Mn 2+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ , Pd 2
  • the hydrotalcite has a D 50 between 0.120 and 0.140 ⁇ m.
  • the hydrotalcite has a specific surface area greater than 30 m 2 /g.
  • the hydrotalcite has a specific surface area of 35 m 2 /g or more.
  • M 2+ is Mg 2+
  • M 2+ is a mixture of metal ions composed of Mg 2+ and Zn 2+ in a certain ratio, and the molar ratio of Mg 2+ to Zn 2+ is 1: 0.1 to 0.5.
  • M 3+ in the above hydrotalcite is Al 3+ .
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the above hydrotalcite, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the above hydrotalcite, the reaction formula of which is as follows:
  • NaM 3+ O 2 may be replaced with KM 3+ O 2 or HM 3+ O 2 , and the effect obtained is comparable.
  • the invention also provides the use of the above hydrotalcite for preparing a polymer, the use being The adsorbed polymer is liberated by heat.
  • the present invention also provides a polymer prepared by the above hydrotalcite, wherein the polymer contains 0.5 to 1.5% by weight of the hydrotalcite.
  • the polymer Compared with the current fillers such as hydrotalcite, after being used in a polymer, the polymer has the following excellent effects:
  • the hydrotalcite of the present invention in combination with its specific structure in terms of D 50 and specific surface area, makes the hydrotalcite of the present invention have good heat stability, high efficiency, and good light stability.
  • Hydrotalcite has good compatibility with PVC, no volatilization, no migration, no frost. It is odorless, non-toxic, non-polluting, and can ensure the transparency of PVC.
  • hydrotalcite can effectively deactivate the halogen in the polymer and prevent the degradation of the polymer.
  • the hydrotalcite of the present invention has an acid absorption capacity of more than 5 times that of calcium stearate. It can be used as a good soft, hard transparent or opaque PVC processing acid absorber, a good stabilizer for organic halogen flame retardants.
  • Hydrotalcite product 1 XRD, NMR, FT-IR and XPS results verified the structure of the hydrotalcite product of Example 1, having the structure Mg 4 Al 2 (OH) 12 CO 3 ⁇ 4H 2 O.
  • the hydrotalcite product 3 was characterized by XRD, NMR, FT-IR and XPS to verify the structure of the hydrotalcite product 3, which had a structure of Mg 5 Al 2.5 (OH) 15 (CO 3 ) 1.25 ⁇ 4H 2 O.
  • the hydrotalcite product 4 was characterized by XRD, NMR, FT-IR and XPS, and the structure of the hydrotalcite product 4 was verified to have a structure of Mg 4.2 Zn 0.8 Al 2.5 (OH) 15 (CO 3 ) 1.25 ⁇ 4H 2 O.
  • the measurement method of D 50 is as follows:
  • the test instrument was set up under the following conditions.
  • hydrotalcites prepared in Examples 1-4 and the imported binary hydrotalcite 1 and the imported metahydrotalcite 2 were measured, and the results were as follows.
  • Hydrotalcite D 50 Example 1 hydrotalcite 0.126 Example 2 hydrotalcite 0.125 Example 3 hydrotalcite 0.129 Example 4 hydrotalcite 0.124 Imported binary hydrotalcite 1 0.227 Imported ternary hydrotalcite 2 0.267
  • Hydrotalcite BET(m 2 /g) Example 1 hydrotalcite 44.44 Example 2 hydrotalcite 36.25 Example 3 hydrotalcite 43.70 Example 4 hydrotalcite 46.80 Imported binary hydrotalcite 1 15.63 Imported ternary hydrotalcite 2 16.43
  • hydrotalcite products 1-4 and the imported binary hydrotalcite 1 and the imported ternary hydrotalcite 2 were tested as polymer fillers to test their effects on polymer properties.
  • the preparation method of the hydrotalcite-containing polymer is as follows:
  • Hydrotalcite products 1-4 and imported binary hydrotalcite 1 and imported ternary hydrotalcite 2 were separately mixed with polymer PVC to obtain a hydrotalcite-containing PVC polymer.
  • 100g PVC, 40gDOP, 3g epoxidized soybean oil, 1.0g hydrotalcite, 0.4g thermal stabilizer are kneaded uniformly in high-speed disperser, and the mixture is plasticized at 170 °C for 5 min on a twin-roll mill to make 0.5 ⁇ 0.1mm test piece.
  • test piece was placed on a stainless steel sheet according to the American standard ASTM 2115-67, and heated at a constant temperature of 200 ° C in a heat aging test chamber, and sampled every 10 minutes.
  • a 5.0 g test piece was cut into 2 mm * 2 mm fine particles and placed in a test tube, and slightly vibrated.
  • Put a Congo red test paper at the mouth of the test tube refer to the Chinese standard GB/T2917.1-2002, put the test tube containing the sample into the oil bath at 200 ⁇ 1 °C, and keep the temperature of 200 ⁇ 1 °C to test the hydrogen chloride decomposition.
  • test piece Take about 15g test piece, cut into eight pieces of 60mm*60mm small test piece, then stack the small test pieces together, put them into a 60mm*60mm*3mm mold, and press it at 170°C for 3min in the fluidized pressure piece.
  • a test piece of 60 mm * 60 mm * 3 mm was prepared, and the haze was measured by a photoelectric haze meter with reference to GB2410-80.
  • the hydrotalcite of the present invention has a D 50 of less than 0.150 ⁇ m and a specific surface area of hydrotalcite of more than 30 m 2 /g, and in combination with the structure of the hydrotalcite of the present invention, a polymer product such as a polyvinyl chloride product is obtained.
  • the yellowing time of the test piece is long, the blackening time is long, and the initial color change time of the Congo red test is long, indicating that the acid absorption ability of the hydrotalcite of the present invention is stronger, and the transparency of the PVC is affected according to the preparation of the polymer product. Very small, low haze.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于聚合物中的水滑石及其制备方法,水滑石的化学结构式为:M2+ xM3+ y(OH)2x+3y-x/2(CO3)x/4·4H2O,其中,M2+为二价金属离子或二价金属离子的混合物,选自Mg2+,Ca2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Pd2+和Fe2+中的一种或两种,M3+为三价金属离子,选自Al3+,Ga3+,In3+中的一种,x和y为正数,x/y=2-2.5。水滑石的D50小于0.150,水滑石的比表面积大于30m2/g。相对于目前的水滑石等填料,其与PVC相容性好,无挥发、不迁移、不冒霜。其可以作为良好的软质、硬质透明或不透明的PVC加工吸酸剂,良好的有机卤素阻燃剂的稳定剂。

Description

一种用于聚合物中的水滑石及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于聚合物的填料领域,具体地涉及一种用于聚合物中的水滑石及其制备方法。
背景技术
水滑石类层状化合物Hydrotalcite-like compounds简称HTLc,最早发现的是镁铝天然水滑石。随后发现了水滑石类层状化合物具有很多种结构。HTLc已在催化剂、催化剂前体、离子交换、分离材料、阻燃剂、聚合物稳定剂、光电活性物质、生物传感器、药物缓释剂等得到了广泛的应用。然而不同结构的水滑石具有不同的用途。
在专利申请01811364.8中公开了至少一种煅烧水滑石和/或用至少一种阴离子表面活性剂插层的水滑石在包含聚合物的组合物中用作填料的用途。
在专利申请200910099147.X中公开了一种聚合物/水滑石纳米复合材料的制备方法,其就是水滑石类物质在聚合物中的具体应用。
EP0736572A1中公开了树脂中使用0.001至1重量份的具有化学式(1)的水滑石:(MgyZnz)1-xAlx(OH)2(A)n- x/2·mH2O(1),其中,(A)n-是n价阴离子,x、y、z满足:y+z=1、0≤y≤0.9、0.1≤z≤1、0.2≤x≤0.8,m为0或正数。
EP0952189A1公开了树脂组合物中使用水滑石化合物颗粒具有式(1),M1-xAlx(OH)2An- x/n·mH2O(1),其中,M为Mg和/或Zn,An-为n价阴离子,且x和m为满足以下关系式的正数0<x<0.5,0≤m <1;(i)通过激光散射方法测试,水滑石化合物颗粒的平均粒径不超过2um。
EP0989095A1公开了一种水滑石化合物,其特征在于,可以表示为式(1):M2+ 1-xAl3+ x(OH)2A2- x/2·mH2O(1),其中,M2+为Mg2+和Zn2+中的至少一种;0.2≤x≤0.5;A2-为CO3 2-和SO4 2-中的至少一种;m的范围为0-2;平均粒径不超过3um,BET比表面不超过30m2/g。
EP0933401A1公开了一种具有耐热劣化性的试剂,其含有水滑石颗粒,水滑石颗粒由(i)至(iv)限定:(i)水滑石颗粒具有化学式:[(Mg)y(Zn)z]1-xAlx(OH)2(A)n- x/2·mH2O(1),其中,(A)n-是至少一种n价阴离子,x、y、z、m满足:0.1≤x≤0.5、y+z=1、0.5≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.5、0≤m<1;(ii)通过激光散射方法检测,水滑石颗粒的平均二次粒径不超过2um;(iii)通过BET方法检测,水滑石颗粒的比表面积为1至30m2/g;以及(iv)水滑石中含有铁的化合物和锰的化合物,金属铁和锰的总的重量含量≤0.02%。
上述发明专利中所用的水滑石在结构、粒径和比表面积之间没有形成很好地构效关系,导致在应用于聚合物生产时效果并不理想,吸酸效果和透明性能方面的效果,尤其是吸酸效果方面还有很多问题需要解决。
本发明发现了一种通过特殊的水滑石结构,其对聚合物的生产显示出了独特的吸酸特性和透明效果性能影响。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种水滑石,其化学式为:
M2+ xM3+ y(OH)2x+3y-x/2(CO3)x/4·mH2O
其中,M2+为二价金属离子或二价金属离子的混合物,选自Mg2+,Ca2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Pd2+和Fe2+中的一种或两种,M3+为三价金属离子,选自Al3+,Ga3+,In3+中的一种,x和y为正数,x/y=2.0-2.5,m=3.5-4.0,水滑石的D50小于0.150μm。优选的,水滑石的D50在0.120-0.140μm之间。
优选地,上述水滑石的比表面积大于30m2/g。优选的,水滑石的比表面积大于等于35m2/g。
优选地,上述水滑石中M2+为Mg2+,或M2+为Mg2+和Zn2+按一定比例组成的金属离子混合物,其Mg2+和Zn2+的摩尔比为1:0.1~0.5。
优选地,上述水滑石中M3+为Al3+
本发明还提供了一种上述水滑石的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
将x/8摩尔的M2+(HCO3)2,y摩尔的NaM3+O2,1/4x摩尔的M2+Cl2,5/8x摩尔的M2+(OH)2和(4+3/4x)摩尔的H2O混合,充分搅拌,加热到75-85℃,保温搅拌一段时间,获得上述水滑石。
本发明还提供了一种上述水滑石的制备方法,其反应式如下:
x/8M2+(HCO3)2+yNaM3+O2+1/4xM2+Cl2+5/8xM2+(OH)2+(4+3/4x)H2O→M2+ xM3+ y(OH)2x-3y-2(CO3)x/4·4H2O。
上述制备方法中,NaM3+O2可以用KM3+O2或者是HM3+O2替换,其获得效果是相当的。
本发明还提供了上述水滑石用于制备聚合物的用途,所述用途为 吸附聚合物受热分解放出的酸。
本发明还提供了上述水滑石制备的聚合物,所述聚合物中含有上述水滑石重量的百分比为0.5-1.5%。
相对于目前的水滑石等填料,其用于聚合物中后,对聚合物具有如下优异的效果:
1、本发明的水滑石在D50和比表面积等方面,结合其特定的结构,使得本发明的水滑石具有热稳定好,效能高,而且具有有良好的光稳定性。
2、水滑石与PVC相容性好,无挥发、不迁移、不冒霜。无臭、无毒、无污染,且能够保证PVC的透明性好。
3、水滑石特有的吸附特性,可有效地使聚合物中卤素失去活性,防止聚合物降解。在聚合物中,本发明的水滑石吸酸能力是硬脂酸钙的5倍以上。其可以作为良好的软质、硬质透明或不透明的PVC加工吸酸剂,良好的有机卤素阻燃剂的稳定剂。
具体实施方式
具体实施例中所用的物质均从市场上购买得到。
制备实施例
实施例1:Mg4Al2(OH)12CO3·4H2O的制备
将0.5摩尔的Mg(HCO3)2,2摩尔的Na AlO2,1摩尔的MgCl2,2.5摩尔的Mg(OH)2和7.0摩尔的H2O混合,充分搅拌,加热到78℃±1,保温搅拌3小时,获得水滑石产物1。
对水滑石产物1进行XRD、NMR、FT-IR及XPS表征,验证 水滑石产物1的结构,其结构为Mg4Al2(OH)12CO3·4H2O。
实施例2:Mg3.35Zn0.65Al2(OH)12CO3·4H2O的制备
将0.5摩尔的Mg(HCO3)2,2摩尔的NaAlO2,0.65摩尔的ZnCl2和0.35摩尔的MgCl2,2.5摩尔的Mg(OH)2和7.0摩尔的H2O混合,充分搅拌,加热到82℃±1,保温搅拌3.5小时,获得水滑石产物2。
对水滑石产物2进行XRD、NMR、FT-IR及XPS表征,验证水滑石产物2的结构,其结构为Mg3.35Zn0.65Al2(OH)12CO3·4H2O。
实施例3:Mg5Al2.5(OH)15(CO3)1.25·4H2O的制备
将0.625摩尔的Mg(HCO3)2,2.5摩尔的NaAlO2,1.25摩尔的MgCl2,3.125摩尔的Mg(OH)2和7.75摩尔的H2O混合,充分搅拌,加热到78℃±1,保温搅拌3小时,获得水滑石产物3。
对水滑石产物3进行XRD、NMR、FT-IR及XPS表征,验证水滑石产物3的结构,其结构为Mg5Al2.5(OH)15(CO3)1.25·4H2O。
实施例4:Mg4.2Zn0.8Al2.5(OH)15(CO3)1.25·4H2O的制备
将0.625摩尔的Mg(HCO3)2,2.5摩尔的NaAlO2,0.8摩尔的ZnCl2和0.45摩尔的MgCl2,3.125摩尔的Mg(OH)2和7.75摩尔的H2O混合,充分搅拌,加热到82℃±1,保温搅拌3.5小时,获得水滑石产物4。
对水滑石产物4进行XRD、NMR、FT-IR及XPS表征,验证水滑石产物4的结构,其结构为Mg4.2Zn0.8Al2.5(OH)15(CO3)1.25·4H2O。
实施例1-4的水滑石的D50的测量和比表面积的测量
D50的测量方法如下:
取约0.3g试样,置于150mL烧杯中,加入少量无水乙醇润湿后,加入约40mL3%聚丙烯酸钠溶液,在超声波萃取仪中超声5min,取下,待测。
测试仪器按下述条件设置好。
进样器 Hydro 2000MU(A)
颗粒折射率 1.5
分散介质
分散剂折射率 1.33
颗粒吸收率 0
遮光度 约4%
搅拌速度 2000转/分
超声波萃取仪 功率为1000w
在1000mL的烧杯加入约900mL蒸馏水,稳定后方可测量背景;待仪器提示加入样品时,向烧杯中加入处理好的样品,至遮光度约为4%,待其分散均匀且稳定后方可开始测量样品。测试完后,直接在粒度分布图上读取所需的数据。
针对实施例1-4制备的水滑石和进口二元水滑石1和进口元水滑石2进行测量,结果如下。
具体测量结果参见下表:
水滑石 D50
实施例1水滑石 0.126
实施例2水滑石 0.125
实施例3水滑石 0.129
实施例4水滑石 0.124
进口二元水滑石1 0.227
进口三元水滑石2 0.267
BET比表面积测试方法GB/T 19587-2004。针对实施例1-4制备的水滑石和进口二元水滑石1和进口三元水滑石2进行测量,结果如下。
水滑石 BET(m2/g)
实施例1水滑石 44.44
实施例2水滑石 36.25
实施例3水滑石 43.70
实施例4水滑石 46.80
进口二元水滑石1 15.63
进口三元水滑石2 16.43
应用效果实施例
将水滑石产物1-4和进口二元水滑石1和进口三元水滑石2作为聚合物填料进行实验,测试其对聚合物性能的影响。
含有水滑石的聚合物制备方法如下:
将水滑石产物1-4和进口二元水滑石1和进口三元水滑石2分别与聚合物PVC进行混合,得到含有水滑石的PVC聚合物。100gPVC、40gDOP、3g环氧大豆油,1.0g水滑石、0.4g热稳定助剂在高速分散机中捏和均匀,将混合料在双辊炼胶机上于170℃塑化5min拉制成0.5±0.1mm的试片。
1、静态热稳定性试验
参照美国标准ASTM2115‐67,将试片置于不锈钢片上,在热老化试验箱中于200℃恒温加热,每隔10min取样。
2、刚果红试验
将5.0g试片裁成2mm*2mm细粒装入试管中,轻微振动。在试管口放一条刚果红试纸,参照中国标准GB/T2917.1‐2002,将装有试料的试管放入200±1℃油浴中,恒温200±1℃,测试分解出的氯化氢导致试样上方的刚果红试纸下端变蓝色的时间,为刚果红试纸初 始变色时间。
3、透明性测试
取约15g试片,裁成八片60mm*60mm的小试片,然后将小试片叠加在一起,放入60mm*60mm*3mm的模具中,在流化压片中,170℃下压3min,制成60mm*60mm*3mm的测试片,参照GB2410‐80,用光电雾度仪测试雾度。
测试该聚合物的热稳定性和雾度等情况如下:
Figure PCTCN2016101725-appb-000001
上述结果证明了本发明的水滑石的D50小于0.150μm和水滑石的比表面积大于30m2/g的情况,同时结合本发明的水滑石的结构,获得的聚合物产品如聚氯乙烯的产品试片变黄时间长,变黑时间长,刚果红试验初始变色时间长,表明本发明的水滑石的吸酸能力越强,同时根据制备得到聚合物产品来看,其对PVC的透明性影响很小,雾度较低。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种水滑石,其化学式为:
    M2+ xM3+ y(OH)2x+3y-x/2(CO3)x/4·mH2O
    其中,M2+为二价金属离子或二价金属离子的混合物,选自Mg2+,Ca2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Mn2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Pd2+和Fe2+中的一种或两种,M3+为三价金属离子,选自Al3+,Ga3+,In3+中的一种,x和y为正数,x/y=2.0-2.5,m=3.5-4.0,水滑石的D50小于0.150μm。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的水滑石,其中水滑石的比表面积大于30m2/g。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的水滑石,其中水滑石的D50数值范围为0.120-0.140μm
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的水滑石,其中M2+为Mg2+,或M2+为Mg2+和Zn2+按一定比例组成的金属离子混合物,其Mg2+和Zn2+的摩尔比为1:0.1~0.5。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的水滑石,其中M3+为Al3+
  6. 权利要求1-5任一项所述的水滑石的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
    将x/8摩尔的M2+(HCO3)2,y摩尔的NaM3+O2,1/4x摩尔的M2+Cl2,5/8x摩尔的M2+(OH)2和(4+3/4x)摩尔的H2O混合,充分搅拌,加热到75-85℃,保温搅拌一段时间,获得上述水滑石。
  7. 权利要求1-5任一项所述的水滑石的制备方法,其反应式如下:x/8M2+(HCO3)2+yNaM3+O2+1/4xM2+Cl2+5/8xM2+(OH)2+(4+3/4x)H2O→M2+ xM3+ y(OH)2x-3y-2(CO3)x/4·4H2O。
  8. 权利要求1-5任一项所述的水滑石用于制备聚合物的用途,所述用途为吸附聚合物受热分解放出的酸。
  9. 权利要求1-5所述的水滑石制备的聚合物,所述聚合物中含有权利要求1-5任一项所述水滑石重量的百分比为0.5-1.5%。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的用途或权利要求9所述的聚合物,其中聚合物为聚氯乙烯。
PCT/CN2016/101725 2015-11-12 2016-10-11 一种用于聚合物中的水滑石及其制备方法 WO2017080336A1 (zh)

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