WO2017056819A1 - センサーユニット及び楽器 - Google Patents

センサーユニット及び楽器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017056819A1
WO2017056819A1 PCT/JP2016/075244 JP2016075244W WO2017056819A1 WO 2017056819 A1 WO2017056819 A1 WO 2017056819A1 JP 2016075244 W JP2016075244 W JP 2016075244W WO 2017056819 A1 WO2017056819 A1 WO 2017056819A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
sensor unit
piezoelectric element
vibration
sheet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/075244
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
智矢 宮田
邦夫 ▲樋▼山
誠一郎 飯田
小池　弘
児玉　秀和
Original Assignee
ヤマハ株式会社
株式会社ユポ・コーポレーション
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by ヤマハ株式会社, 株式会社ユポ・コーポレーション filed Critical ヤマハ株式会社
Priority to EP16850995.8A priority Critical patent/EP3358319B1/de
Priority to CN201680054404.6A priority patent/CN108027276A/zh
Publication of WO2017056819A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017056819A1/ja
Priority to US15/907,783 priority patent/US10670453B2/en
Priority to US16/888,033 priority patent/US11346709B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
    • G01H11/06—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means
    • G01H11/08—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties by electric means using piezoelectric devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/143—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means characterised by the use of a piezoelectric or magneto-strictive transducer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/14—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G10H3/146—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using mechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means using a membrane, e.g. a drum; Pick-up means for vibrating surfaces, e.g. housing of an instrument
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/30—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices with mechanical input and electrical output, e.g. functioning as generators or sensors
    • H10N30/302—Sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
    • H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/88—Mounts; Supports; Enclosures; Casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
    • H10N30/80—Constructional details
    • H10N30/88—Mounts; Supports; Enclosures; Casings
    • H10N30/883—Additional insulation means preventing electrical, physical or chemical damage, e.g. protective coatings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2220/00—Input/output interfacing specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2220/461—Transducers, i.e. details, positioning or use of assemblies to detect and convert mechanical vibrations or mechanical strains into an electrical signal, e.g. audio, trigger or control signal
    • G10H2220/525—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage
    • G10H2220/531—Piezoelectric transducers for vibration sensing or vibration excitation in the audio range; Piezoelectric strain sensing, e.g. as key velocity sensor; Piezoelectric actuators, e.g. key actuation in response to a control voltage made of piezoelectric film
    • G10H2220/535—Piezoelectric polymer transducers, e.g. made of stretched and poled polyvinylidene difluoride [PVDF] sheets in which the molecular chains of vinylidene fluoride CH2-CF2 have been oriented in a preferential direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/02—Microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
    • H04R17/02—Microphones
    • H04R17/025—Microphones using a piezoelectric polymer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sensor unit and a musical instrument.
  • a vibration detection sensor that is attached to a vibration part of a musical instrument and that can detect the vibration of the vibration part and output it as an electric signal.
  • a sensor using a piezoelectric element in which electrode layers are disposed on both surfaces of a porous resin film is known (see, for example, JP-A-2010-89495).
  • a sensor using a piezoelectric element having such a porous layer is suitable for sound detection because it is soft in the thickness direction, and does not suppress vibration of the instrument because it is light and thin. Therefore, a sensor using a piezoelectric element having such a porous layer is suitably used as a pickup for a musical instrument that detects both vibration and sound.
  • “sound” means an air density wave transmitted through air
  • “vibration” means vibration transmitted through a solid to a sensor.
  • the sensor as described above when used in a musical instrument or the like, it is necessary to prevent the piezoelectric element from being damaged in order to maintain the detection accuracy of the sensor. However, if the sensor is covered with a protective film to prevent the piezoelectric element from being damaged, sound may not be detected.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sensor unit capable of detecting sound along with vibration while protecting a piezoelectric element, and a musical instrument including the sensor unit.
  • the present invention made to solve the above-mentioned problems is a sensor unit including a sheet-like piezoelectric element having a porous layer, which covers at least one surface of the piezoelectric element and is incident from one surface.
  • the sensor unit further includes a sound propagation sheet that transmits sound to the other surface.
  • the sensor unit can protect one surface of the piezoelectric element that detects sound so as not to be damaged, and as a result, the sound detection accuracy can be maintained.
  • the sound propagation sheet covering one surface of the piezoelectric element transmits the sound incident from one surface side to the other surface side, the sensor unit is incident from one surface side of the sensor unit. Sound is not easily reduced by the sound propagation sheet, and sound can be detected together with vibration.
  • the difference in sound pressure level between the incident sound and the transmitted sound on the sound propagation sheet is preferably 10 dB or less.
  • the surface density of the sound propagation sheet is preferably 0.03 g / m 2 or more and 100 g / m 2 or less. As described above, by using the sound propagation sheet having the surface density within the above range, it is possible to reliably protect one surface of the piezoelectric element and to suppress the reduction of the sound incident from the one surface side. It is easier to maintain detection accuracy.
  • the sound propagation sheet may be flexible. As described above, since the sound propagation sheet has flexibility, the piezoelectric element can be covered without being pressed, so that the durability of the piezoelectric element can be improved. In addition, since the sound propagation sheet has flexibility, it is easy to propagate the vibration due to the incident sound on one surface side to the piezoelectric element, and it is easier to maintain the sound detection accuracy. Note that “flexibility” means, for example, when a test piece having a width of 5 mm and a length of 10 mm is supported by one short side so as to be horizontal in the support position, the two opposing short sides are perpendicular to each other. This means that the difference in position is 5 mm or more.
  • the sound propagation sheet should have a gap. In this way, since the sound propagation sheet has a gap, the incident sound on one surface side of the sound propagation sheet is propagated through the gap, so that the sound is more easily propagated to the piezoelectric element, and the sound is more Easy to detect.
  • the sensor unit may further include a sound blocking sheet that covers the other surface of the piezoelectric element and substantially blocks transmission of sound incident from the other surface to one surface.
  • a sound blocking sheet that substantially prevents transmission of sound incident from the other surface to one surface.
  • the present invention made to solve the above problems is a musical instrument provided with the sensor unit.
  • the musical instrument can detect sound together with vibration by the sensor unit, the original tone color of the musical instrument can be converted into an electrical signal and output.
  • the sensor unit and the musical instrument of the present invention can detect sound together with vibration while protecting the piezoelectric element.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the piezoelectric element of FIG. 1. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the sensor unit which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a sensor unit having a configuration different from that in FIG. 3. It is a typical sectional view showing the sensor unit concerning a third embodiment of the present invention. It is typical sectional drawing which shows the sensor unit which concerns on 4th embodiment of this invention. It is typical sectional drawing for demonstrating the attachment structure of the sensor unit of FIG. It is typical sectional drawing for demonstrating the attachment structure of the sensor unit different from FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sensor unit mounting configuration different from that shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sensor unit mounting configuration different from FIGS. 7 to 10.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting structure of a sensor unit different from those in FIGS.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting structure of a sensor unit different from those in FIGS.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sensor unit mounting configuration different from that shown in FIGS. FIG.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting structure of a sensor unit different from those in FIGS.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting configuration of a sensor unit different from those in FIGS.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting configuration of a sensor unit different from those in FIGS.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sensor unit mounting configuration different from FIGS.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sensor unit mounting configuration different from FIGS. 7 to 18; It is a graph which shows notionally the relationship between the frequency of sound and the detection sensitivity by a sensor unit. It is a typical perspective view which shows a box-type piezoelectric element.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting configuration of a sensor unit different from those in FIGS.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a mounting configuration of a
  • 21B is a schematic plan view showing a configuration before assembly of the piezoelectric element of FIG. 21A. It is a typical side view which shows the assembly structural example of the piezoelectric element different from FIG. 21A. It is a typical side view which shows the assembly structural example of the piezoelectric element different from FIG. 21A and FIG. It is a typical perspective view which shows a stringed instrument provided with the sensor unit of FIG. It is a typical top view which shows the inner surface side of the sound board of the stringed instrument of FIG. It is a typical sectional view showing a sensor unit concerning other embodiments.
  • the sensor unit 1 in FIG. 1 is a sensor unit including a sheet-like piezoelectric element 2 having a porous layer.
  • the sensor unit 1 covers one surface of the piezoelectric element 2, covers the first sound propagation sheet 3 a that transmits the sound incident from one surface to the other surface, and the other surface of the piezoelectric element 2.
  • a second sound propagation sheet 3b that transmits the sound incident from the other surface to the one surface.
  • the piezoelectric element 2 has a plate shape and is formed in a substantially rectangular shape in plan view. As shown in FIG. 2, the piezoelectric element 2 includes a porous layer 4 and a pair of electrode layers (a first electrode layer 5a and a second electrode layer 5b). The piezoelectric element 2 generates a voltage corresponding to the compression amount of the porous layer 4.
  • the main component that forms the porous layer 4 is preferably one that can be charged, and examples thereof include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, and fluorine resins.
  • the “main component” refers to a component having the highest content, for example, a component having a content of 50% by mass or more.
  • the porous layer 4 is generally formed by subjecting a plate-like body mainly composed of these synthetic resins to polarization treatment.
  • polarization treatment methods include, for example, a method of injecting charges by applying a DC or pulsed high voltage, a method of injecting charges by irradiating ionizing radiation such as ⁇ rays or electron beams, and a charge by corona discharge treatment. And the like.
  • the lower limit of the average thickness of the porous layer 4 is preferably 30 ⁇ m, and more preferably 50 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average thickness of the porous layer 4 is preferably 150 ⁇ m, and more preferably 100 ⁇ m. If the average thickness of the porous layer 4 is less than the lower limit, the workability may be reduced due to a decrease in strength. Conversely, if the thickness of the porous layer 4 exceeds the upper limit, the polarization treatment efficiency may be reduced.
  • the lower limit of the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the porous layer 4 is preferably 1 GPa, more preferably 1.5 GPa.
  • the upper limit of the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction is preferably 3 GPa, more preferably 2.5 GPa. If the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction is less than the lower limit, the strain in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction increases, and the vibration detection accuracy may be reduced.
  • the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction exceeds the upper limit, the porous layer 4 becomes difficult to follow the expansion and contraction of the first electrode layer 5a and the second electrode layer 5b, and the first electrode layer 5a and There is a possibility that the second electrode layer 5b is easily peeled off from the porous layer 4.
  • the “elastic modulus” is a value measured according to JIS-K7161 (2014).
  • the lower limit of the elastic modulus in the thickness direction of the porous layer 4 is preferably 0.1 GPa, more preferably 0.3 GPa.
  • the upper limit of the elastic modulus in the thickness direction is preferably 10 GPa and more preferably 2 GPa. If the elastic modulus in the thickness direction is less than the lower limit, vibration detection errors may increase. On the other hand, if the elastic modulus in the thickness direction exceeds the upper limit, minute vibrations may be difficult to detect.
  • the porous layer 4 has a plurality of pores 6.
  • the shape and size of the holes 6 are not particularly limited, but the lower limit of the average height of the holes 6 is preferably 1 ⁇ m, for example, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m.
  • the upper limit of the average height of the holes 6 is preferably, for example, 30 ⁇ m, and more preferably 15 ⁇ m. If the average height of the pores 6 is less than the lower limit, the porous layer 4 may not be sufficiently deformed. Conversely, if the average height of the pores 6 exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the porous layer 4 may be reduced.
  • the average height of the pores 6 is calculated by calculating the maximum length in the thickness direction of any 20 pores in any cross section in the thickness direction of the porous layer 4 and calculating the arithmetic average value thereof. Value.
  • the porosity of porous layer 4 As a minimum of the porosity of porous layer 4, 20% is preferred and 30% is more preferred.
  • the upper limit of the porosity of the porous layer 4 is preferably 80% and more preferably 70%. If the porosity of the porous layer 4 is less than the lower limit, the porous layer 4 may not be sufficiently deformed and sufficient detection accuracy may not be obtained. Conversely, if the porosity of the porous layer 4 exceeds the upper limit, the strength of the porous layer 4 may be reduced.
  • the “porosity” refers to the ratio of vacancies per unit volume, and the porosity ⁇ (%) is, for example, the mass W (g) and the apparent volume V (cm of the porous layer 4).
  • the true density ⁇ is calculated by the following formula (2) from the volume V 0 (cm 3 ) when heated by a hot press at 200 ° C. with a load of 1 kg / cm 2 for 5 minutes and then cooled by a cooling press. Can be sought.
  • the first electrode layer 5 a and the second electrode layer 5 b are laminated on both surfaces of the porous layer 4.
  • the first electrode layer 5a and the second electrode layer 5b are connected to a lead wire (not shown), and the lead wire is connected to an output terminal (not shown).
  • the material for forming the first electrode layer 5a and the second electrode layer 5b is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity. Examples thereof include various metals such as aluminum and silver, alloys of these metals, and carbon. .
  • the average thickness of the first electrode layer 5a and the second electrode layer 5b is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less. If the average thickness of the first electrode layer 5a and the second electrode layer 5b is less than the lower limit, the first electrode layer 5a or the second electrode layer 5b may be damaged such as tearing. Conversely, if the average thickness of the first electrode layer 5a and the second electrode layer 5b exceeds the upper limit, vibrations may not be detected accurately.
  • the method for laminating the first electrode layer 5a and the second electrode layer 5b on the porous layer 4 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aluminum vapor deposition, printing with carbon conductive ink, and silver paste coating and drying.
  • the porous layer 4 has pores inside and is soft and easily damaged. Moreover, since the electrode layer 5 formed on the surface of the porous layer 4 is also soft, it is easily damaged. Therefore, the piezoelectric element 2 formed from these needs to be covered with a sheet in order to prevent scratches. Therefore, the piezoelectric element 2 is covered with a sound propagation sheet so that the sound can be detected by the piezoelectric element 2.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b are substantially rectangular sheets that are formed of the same material and have a size including a range surrounded by the outer periphery of the piezoelectric element 2 in plan view.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3 a covers one surface of the piezoelectric element 2
  • the second sound propagation sheet 3 b covers the other surface of the piezoelectric element 2.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b are disposed so that their outer peripheries substantially coincide with each other in plan view, and are fixed to each other at the periphery. Therefore, the piezoelectric element 2 is surrounded by the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b.
  • the fixing method of the 1st sound propagation sheet 3a and the 2nd sound propagation sheet 3b is not specifically limited,
  • the fixing method using an adhesive agent or an adhesive may be sufficient, and the pin insertion like a stapler may be sufficient
  • the fixing method by may be used, and the fixing method by sewing may be used.
  • the sensor unit 1 is disposed so that the other surface of the second sound propagation sheet 3b is in contact with the surface of a vibrating body P such as a musical instrument that is a vibration detection target. Further, since the first sound propagation sheet 3a transmits the sound incident from one surface side to the other surface side, the sensor unit 1 is arranged in this way, so that the first sound propagation sheet 3a mainly While detecting the sound of the space which propagates the propagation sheet 3a, the vibration of the vibrating body P which propagates the 2nd sound propagation sheet 3b is detected.
  • the upper limit of the difference in sound pressure level between the sound incident on the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the transmitted sound is preferably 10 dB, and more preferably 5 dB.
  • the lower limit of the difference between the sound pressure levels is preferably 1 dB, and more preferably 2 dB. If the difference between the sound pressure levels exceeds the upper limit, the sound pressure level of the sound propagating to the piezoelectric element 2 becomes too small, and there is a possibility that the sound is difficult to be detected by the piezoelectric element 2. Conversely, if the difference in the sound pressure levels is less than the lower limit, it may be difficult to maintain the protective effect of the piezoelectric element 2 by the first sound propagation sheet 3a.
  • the difference in the sound pressure levels is determined by, for example, the signal sound for each sensor in the state where the first sound propagation sheet 3a covers the piezoelectric element 2 and in the state where the first sound propagation sheet 3a is removed from the sensor unit 1. It is detected by the piezoelectric element 2 of the unit 1, and the difference in sound pressure level between the incident sound and the transmitted sound relative to the first sound propagation sheet 3a can be obtained from the difference between the detected signal sounds. That is, the signal level of the transmitted sound detected with the first sound propagation sheet 3a covering the piezoelectric element 2, and the signal level of the incident sound detected with the first sound propagation sheet 3a removed from the sensor unit 1. By comparing these, it is possible to obtain a relative difference in sound pressure level.
  • the above-described two types of sensor units and speakers are arranged in an anechoic chamber, and a difference in sound pressure level is measured while sound is generated from the speakers.
  • the measurement for obtaining the difference between the sound pressure levels is performed for a sound pressure level having a frequency of, for example, 100 Hz to 5000 Hz.
  • the lower limit of the surface density of the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b is preferably 0.03g / m 2, 1g / m 2 is more preferable.
  • the upper limit of the surface density is preferably from 100g / m 2, 50g / m 2 is more preferable. If the surface density is less than the lower limit, the strength of the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b is reduced, and the protective effect of the piezoelectric element 2 by the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b. May not be sufficiently obtained.
  • the surface density exceeds the upper limit it is difficult for sound to pass therethrough, and it may be difficult for the piezoelectric element 2 to detect sound.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b are not particularly limited as long as the sound incident from one surface can be transmitted to the other surface.
  • these forming materials for example, resins, metals, inorganic materials, organic materials, and the like can be used.
  • the main components of the material are PET, PP, polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polyphenylene sulfite (PPS). ), Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyetherimide (PEI), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cyclic olefin-based resin, and the like.
  • a metal film such as aluminum, nickel, or platinum can also be used as the first sound propagation sheet 3a or the second sound propagation sheet 3b.
  • the metal film in order for sound to propagate through the metal film, the metal film must be a thin film, but if it is a thin film, it is easily broken. For this reason, a metal film may be deposited on the surface of the piezoelectric element 2 by, for example, vapor deposition. In that case, if the thickness of the metal film is about 10 nm, sound can be propagated. If the sound detection efficiency may be suppressed, the thickness of the metal film can be further increased.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3a may have a gap.
  • the gap formed in the first sound propagation sheet 3a may penetrate in the thickness direction.
  • the gap formed in the first sound propagation sheet 3a penetrates in the thickness direction, it is easy to propagate the incident sound on one surface side to the other surface side.
  • the sheet having such a void for example, a nonwoven fabric, a cloth, paper having a void, a porous sheet, or the like can be used.
  • a sheet made of the same material as the porous layer 4 may be used as the porous sheet.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b preferably have flexibility. If the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b have flexibility, the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b correspond to the shape and compression deformation of the piezoelectric element 2. Since it is deformable, the piezoelectric element 2 can be covered without being pressed, so that the durability of the piezoelectric element 2 can be improved. In addition, since the first sound propagation sheet 3a has flexibility, vibration due to the incident sound on one surface side is easily propagated to the piezoelectric element 2, and the sound detection accuracy by the piezoelectric element 2 is easily improved.
  • both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2 may be fixed to the other surface of the first sound propagation sheet 3a and one surface of the second sound propagation sheet 3b, or may not be fixed.
  • the piezoelectric element 2 is not fixed to the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b, the piezoelectric element 2 is not distorted together with the first sound propagation sheet 3a or the second sound propagation sheet 3b. It is easy to detect sound and vibration with higher accuracy.
  • the fixing method in the case of fixing both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2 to the 1st sound propagation sheet 3a or the 2nd sound propagation sheet 3 is not specifically limited, For example, the fixing method using an adhesive agent or an adhesive may be sufficient. And the fixing method by the frictional force between the surface of the piezoelectric element 2 and the surface of the 1st sound propagation sheet 3a or the 2nd sound propagation sheet 3 may be sufficient.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3 a and the second sound propagation sheet 3 b are fixed to each other at the periphery in a plan view, but the first sound propagation sheet 3 a and the second sound propagation sheet 3 b are An integrated sound propagation sheet may be used.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the second sound propagation sheet 3b may be formed as one bag-like sound propagation sheet.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3 a covers one surface of the piezoelectric element 2, it is possible to protect one surface of the piezoelectric element 2 that detects sound from being damaged, and as a result, sound detection accuracy. Can be maintained.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3 a that covers one surface of the piezoelectric element 2 transmits sound incident from one surface side to the other surface side. The sound that enters from the surface side of the sound is hardly reduced by the first sound propagation sheet 3a, and the sound from the one surface side can be detected together with the vibration of the vibrating body P. Therefore, by using the sensor unit 1 as a pickup for a musical instrument, the original timbre of the musical instrument can be easily reproduced.
  • the sensor unit 1 can detect sound incident from the other surface side, and can also detect piezoelectricity when installed on the vibrating body P. Damage to the other surface of the element 2 can be prevented.
  • a sound propagation sheet 13 is disposed so as to cover one surface of the piezoelectric element 2.
  • the sensor unit 11 is disposed such that the sound propagation sheet is not disposed between the piezoelectric element 2 and the vibrating body P, and the other surface of the piezoelectric element 2 directly contacts the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • 3 is the same as the piezoelectric element 2 of the sensor unit 1 in FIG. 1, the same reference numerals are given and description thereof is omitted.
  • the sound propagation sheet 13 As the sound propagation sheet 13, a sheet having the same quality as the first sound propagation sheet 3a of the sensor unit 1 of FIG. 1 can be used. As shown in FIG. 3, the sound propagation sheet 13 is fixed to one surface of the piezoelectric element 2 so as to cover the entire one surface of the piezoelectric element 2. Thereby, damage to the piezoelectric element 2 can be prevented. Moreover, since the sound propagation sheet 13 transmits the sound incident from one surface side to the other surface side, the piezoelectric element 2 can detect the sound from the one surface side.
  • the method for fixing the sound propagation sheet 13 to the piezoelectric element 2 is not particularly limited. For example, the sound propagation sheet 13 is fixed to one surface of the piezoelectric element 2 using an adhesive or an adhesive.
  • FIG. 4 shows the sensor unit 12 of another configuration of the present embodiment.
  • the sound propagation sheet 14 of the sensor unit 12 has a size that encompasses a range surrounded by the outer periphery of the piezoelectric element 2 in plan view, covers one surface of the piezoelectric element 2, and has a periphery that is the surface of the vibrating body P Fixed to.
  • one surface of the piezoelectric element 2 may not be fixed to the other surface of the sound propagation sheet 14.
  • the piezoelectric element 2 is not distorted as the sound propagation sheet 14 expands and contracts, and the piezoelectric element 2 can accurately detect sound. .
  • the other surface of the piezoelectric element 2 may not be fixed to the surface of the vibrating body P. If the piezoelectric element 2 is not fixed to the vibrating body P, the piezoelectric element 2 is not distorted as the vibrating body P expands and contracts, and the piezoelectric element 2 can detect the vibration of the vibrating body P with high accuracy.
  • the sensor unit 11 and the sensor unit 12 can detect the vibration of the vibrating body P more accurately because the other surface of the piezoelectric element 2 is in direct contact with the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the sensor unit 21 in FIG. 5 is a sensor unit including a sheet-like piezoelectric element 2 having a porous layer.
  • the sensor unit 21 covers one surface of the piezoelectric element 2, and transmits the sound incident from one surface side to the other surface side, and the other surface of the piezoelectric element 2.
  • a sound blocking sheet 27 is further provided for covering and substantially blocking transmission of sound incident from the other surface to one surface.
  • the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the piezoelectric element 2 of the sensor unit 21 in FIG. 5 are the same as the first sound propagation sheet 3a and the piezoelectric element 2 of the sensor unit 1 in FIG. Description is omitted.
  • the sound blocking sheet 27 is a substantially rectangular sheet having a size including a range surrounded by the outer periphery of the piezoelectric element 2 in a plan view, and a rigid body such as a metal plate can be used, for example.
  • the sound blocking sheet 27 is disposed such that the other surface is fixed to the surface of the vibrating body P and one surface is in contact with the other surface of the piezoelectric element 2. Further, the periphery of the first sound propagation sheet 3 a that covers one surface of the piezoelectric element 2 is fixed to the periphery of one surface of the sound blocking sheet 27.
  • the sound blocking sheet 27 substantially blocks transmission of sound incident from the other surface to one surface. Thereby, since the sound propagating from the vibrating body P side is greatly reduced, the sound from one surface side, that is, the space side can be preferentially detected by the piezoelectric element 2. Can be detected more accurately.
  • the lower limit of the difference in sound pressure level between the sound incident on the sound blocking sheet 27 and the transmitted sound is preferably 50 dB, and more preferably 60 dB.
  • the upper limit of the difference between the sound pressure levels is preferably 100 dB, and more preferably 90 dB. If the difference between the sound pressure levels is less than the lower limit, the sound from the vibrating body P side is easily detected by the piezoelectric element 2, and the detection accuracy of the sound from the space side may be lowered. Conversely, if the difference in the sound pressure levels exceeds the upper limit, the thickness of the sound blocking sheet 27 must be increased, and the sensor unit 21 may become unnecessarily large.
  • the upper limit of the surface density is preferably 2000 g / m 2, and more preferably 1500 g / m 2. If the surface density is less than the lower limit, the sound from the vibrating body P side cannot be sufficiently blocked, and the detection accuracy of the sound from the space side may be lowered. On the other hand, if the surface density exceeds the upper limit, the thickness of the sensor unit 21 becomes too large, and there is a possibility that it becomes unnecessarily large.
  • the sensor unit 21 in FIG. 5 may be turned over and disposed on the surface of the vibrating body P. That is, the surface opposite to the piezoelectric element 2 of the first sound propagation sheet 3a may be fixed to the surface of the vibrating body P, and the sound blocking sheet 27 may be disposed on the space side.
  • the mass of the sound blocking sheet 27 is relatively large, if the sensor unit 21 is arranged in this way, the sound blocking sheet 27 becomes a weight, and the vibration from the vibrating body P easily propagates to the piezoelectric element 2. Therefore, when preferentially detecting the vibration from the vibrating body P, the vibration from the vibrating body P can be detected more accurately by arranging the sensor unit 21 in this way.
  • the sensor unit 21 can reduce the transmitted sound from the other surface side by the sound blocking sheet 27, the incident sound from the one surface side can be detected with higher accuracy.
  • the sensor unit 31 in FIG. 6 is a sensor unit including a sheet-like piezoelectric element 2 having a porous layer.
  • the sensor unit 31 further includes a sound propagation sheet 33 that covers both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2 and transmits sound incident from the outer surface to the surface on the piezoelectric element 2 side.
  • the piezoelectric element 2 of the sensor unit 31 in FIG. 6 is the same as the piezoelectric element 2 of the sensor unit 1 in FIG.
  • the sound propagation sheet 33 is, for example, a substantially rectangular sheet, and has a size that is twice or more the plane area of the piezoelectric element 2 in plan view.
  • the sound propagation sheet 33 is folded in half, and is disposed so that both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2 are in contact with the inner surface when folded. Thereby, both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2 are covered with the sound propagation sheet 33. In this way, the piezoelectric element 2 whose both surfaces are covered with the sound propagation sheet 33 is disposed so that one end edge is in contact with the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • both ends of the folded sound propagation sheet 33 are bent outward with respect to the piezoelectric element 2 and fixed to the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the sensor unit 31 is fixed to the vibrating body P by fixing both ends of the sound propagation sheet 33 to the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the sensor unit 31 is fixed to the vibrating body P so that the thickness direction of the piezoelectric element 2 is substantially parallel to the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the sound propagation sheet 33 a sheet having the same quality as the first sound propagation sheet 3a of the sensor unit 1 of FIG. 1 can be used.
  • both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2 face the space via the sound propagation sheet 33. To do. Therefore, sound from the space is transmitted through the sound propagation sheet 33 and detected on both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2. Since the sensor unit 31 can detect the sound from the space on both surfaces of the piezoelectric element 2 in this way, the sound in the space can be detected with higher accuracy.
  • the sensor unit 31 can accurately detect sound from the space on both sides of the piezoelectric element 2, it can be suitably used as a sensor incorporated in a microphone or the like.
  • ⁇ Mounting configuration 1> In the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 are disposed on the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 are both substantially rectangular parallelepipeds, and are disposed such that the lower surface is in contact with the surface of the vibrating body P and the side surfaces are in contact with each other.
  • the sensor unit 1 is disposed so that one surface faces the space and the other surface contacts the upper surfaces of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 have substantially the same height (distance between the upper surface and the lower surface), and the upper surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the upper surface of the vibration transmitting material 49 are substantially flush.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 48 is a member that is difficult to propagate the vibration of the vibrating body P.
  • a gel or sponge made of an organic material, an inorganic material, or the like can be used as a material for forming the non-vibration transmitting material 48.
  • the vibration transmitting material 49 is a member that easily propagates the vibration of the vibrating body P.
  • a material for forming the vibration transmission material 49 for example, wood, ceramics, metal, or the like can be used.
  • the vibration transmission material 49 a rigid body formed of these materials, that is, a material having no holes, is densely packed. What was formed can be used.
  • a material having the same quality as that of the vibrating body P may be used. Therefore, a convex portion may be formed on the surface of the vibrating body P, and the convex portion may be used as a vibration transmission material.
  • the piezoelectric element of the sensor unit 1 Since the piezoelectric element of the sensor unit 1 is difficult to propagate the vibration of the vibrating body P in the region where the other surface of the sensor unit 1 is in contact with the upper surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48, the sound from the space is preferentially transmitted. Detected. On the other hand, in the piezoelectric element, in the region where the other surface of the sensor unit 1 is in contact with the upper surface of the vibration transmitting material 49, the vibration of the vibrating body P is easily propagated. The Therefore, the contact area between the sensor unit 1 and each of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 is adjusted by adjusting the size of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 in plan view. Thus, the ratio of sound and vibration detected by the piezoelectric element can be adjusted. Thereby, for example, the timbre of an electronic musical instrument that uses the sensor unit 1 with a pickup can be adjusted.
  • ⁇ Mounting configuration 2> In the configuration shown in FIG. 8, in addition to the configuration in FIG. 7, a sheet-like air vibration blocking material 47 is arranged in an area overlapping with the upper surface of the vibration transmitting material 49 in a plan view on one surface of the sensor unit 1. Established. The air vibration blocking material 47 is disposed in the entire region overlapping the upper surface of the vibration transmission material 49 in plan view, and is disposed in the region overlapping the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 in plan view. Preferably not.
  • the air vibration blocking material 47 is a member that hardly propagates air vibration and easily propagates vibration from a solid. That is, by disposing the air vibration blocking material 47 as shown in FIG. 8, the propagation of sound from the space to the region of one surface of the sensor unit 1 with which the air vibration blocking material 47 abuts is suppressed. .
  • the air vibration blocking material 47 for example, a metal plate or the like can be used.
  • the piezoelectric element can detect the vibration of the vibrating body P more accurately.
  • a sensor unit 41 is provided instead of the sensor unit 1 in the configuration of FIG. 7.
  • the sensor unit 41 has a sheet shape. For example, a valley fold, a mountain fold, and a valley fold are formed in this order in a part from one end of the sensor unit 1 to the other end in a substantially parallel manner.
  • the sensor unit 41 is disposed so that the surface protruding by the mountain fold is one surface and the other surface is in contact with the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the upper surface of the vibration transmission material 49.
  • the sensor unit 41 is arranged such that the ridge line of the mountain fold overlaps the boundary between the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 in plan view.
  • the sensor unit 41 By arranging the sensor unit 41 in this way, it is possible to suppress the vibration propagated by the vibration transmission material 49 from propagating to the non-vibration transmission material 48, and to detect sound more accurately.
  • ⁇ Mounting configuration 4> In the configuration shown in FIG. 10, a non-vibration transmission material 58 having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape having a height higher than that of the non-vibration transmission material 48 is provided in place of the non-vibration transmission material 48 in the configuration of FIG. Further, in place of the sensor unit 1 configured as shown in FIG. 7, a sensor unit 51 having a shape in contact with the upper surface of the vibration transmitting material 49 and the upper surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 58 is disposed.
  • the sensor unit 51 has a sheet shape, and is formed by bending the sensor unit 1 so that the other surface comes into contact with the upper surface of the vibration transmission material 49 and the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 58 disposed adjacent to each other, for example. It is.
  • a vibration transmission material 69 having a substantially triangular prism shape is disposed instead of the vibration transmission material 49 in the configuration of FIG. 7.
  • the vibration transmitting material 69 has a substantially right triangle in cross section, and two surfaces sandwiching the right angle in the cross section are disposed so as to contact the surface of the vibrating body P and the side surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48.
  • the height of the side surface of the vibration transmission material 69 that abuts the side surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 is substantially the same as the height of the non-vibration transmission material 48.
  • a sensor unit 61 having a shape in contact with the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the slope of the vibration transmission material 69 is provided.
  • the sensor unit 61 has a sheet shape, and is formed by bending the sensor unit 1 so that the other surface is in contact with the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the slope of the vibration transmission material 69 disposed adjacent to each other, for example. It is.
  • the vibration transmitting material 69 having a slope inclined with respect to the surface of the vibrating body P By using the vibration transmitting material 69 having a slope inclined with respect to the surface of the vibrating body P, the distance between the vibration detection region and the surface of the vibrating body P in the other surface of the sensor unit 61 is set. Can be small. Thereby, the vibration of the vibrating body P can be detected more accurately.
  • ⁇ Mounting configuration 6> In the configuration shown in FIG. 12, in place of the non-vibration transmission material 48 in the configuration of FIG. 11, a non-vibration transmission material 78 having a substantially quadrangular prism shape with a substantially trapezoidal cross section is provided.
  • the cross section of the non-vibration transmission material 78 is a trapezoid having two base angles with right angles and bases having different lengths.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 78 is disposed such that the lower surface is a surface including a vertex where a right angle is formed in the cross section, and the lower surface is in contact with the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 78 is disposed such that the side surface including the shorter base of the trapezoidal cross section in contact with the side surface of the vibration transmitting material 69.
  • the height of the side surface of the non-vibration transmission material 78 that abuts the side surface of the vibration transmission material 69 is substantially the same as the height of the side surface of the vibration transmission material 69. It is substantially the same as the inclination angle of 69 slopes. Therefore, the upper surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 78 and the slope of the vibration transmitting material 69 are substantially flush.
  • a sensor unit 71 having a shape in contact with the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 78 and the slope of the vibration transmission material 69 is provided.
  • the sensor unit 71 has a flat plate shape on both sides.
  • the other of the flat sensor unit 71 is obtained.
  • This surface can be brought into contact with both the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 78 and the slope of the vibration transmission material 69. Accordingly, the vibration of the vibrating body P can be detected with high accuracy, and the sensor unit 71 can be easily formed without the need for bending the sensor unit 71 or the like.
  • ⁇ Mounting configuration 7> In the configuration shown in FIG. 13, in the configuration of FIG. 7, the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 are arranged with a space therebetween. That is, in the configuration shown in FIG. 13, a gap is formed between the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49. Accordingly, in the configuration shown in FIG. 13, the lower surface of the sensor unit 1 has a space between a portion where the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 abuts, a portion where the upper surface of the vibration transmission material 49 abuts, and a space between these members. A facing portion. As a result, the sensor unit 1 has a region overlapping the top surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48, a region overlapping the top surface of the vibration transmitting material 49, and a region located in the air between these members in plan view. Have.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 are arranged with a space therebetween, whereby interference between the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the vibration transmitting material 49 can be eliminated. Therefore, the piezoelectric element of the sensor unit 1 has a sound detection accuracy in a region overlapping with the upper surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 in a plan view, and a vibration element P in a region overlapping with the upper surface of the vibration transmitting material 49 in a plan view. Both vibration detection accuracy can be improved.
  • ⁇ Mounting configuration 8> In the configuration shown in FIG. 14, in the configuration of FIG. 7, the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the vibration transmission material 49 are arranged with a space therebetween, and the substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape is provided between the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the vibration transmission material 49. A sound absorbing material 50 is provided. In the configuration shown in FIG. 14, one side surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 and the other side surface of the sound absorbing material 50 are in contact, and one side surface of the sound absorbing material 50 and the other side surface of the vibration transmitting material 49 are in contact. . Accordingly, in the configuration shown in FIG.
  • the lower surface of the sensor unit 1 is in contact with the portion where the upper surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 contacts, the portion where the upper surface of the sound absorbing material 50 contacts, and the upper surface of the vibration transmitting material 49.
  • the portion is continuously provided in one direction.
  • a region overlapping the top surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48, a region overlapping the top surface of the sound absorbing material 50, and a region overlapping the top surface of the vibration transmitting material 49 are unidirectional.
  • the sound absorbing material 50 various configurations having sound absorbing properties can be employed. For example, a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric, or a member in which the nonwoven fabric or the woven fabric is covered with a synthetic resin can be used.
  • the piezoelectric element of the sensor unit 1 has a sound detection accuracy in a region overlapping with the upper surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 48 in a plan view, and a vibration element P in a region overlapping with the upper surface of the vibration transmitting material 49 in a plan view. Both vibration detection accuracy can be improved.
  • ⁇ Mounting configuration 9> In the configuration shown in FIG. 15, in the configuration of FIG. 7, the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the vibration transmission material 49 are arranged with a space therebetween, and the substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape is provided between the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the vibration transmission material 49.
  • a buffer material 60 is provided.
  • one side surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the other side surface of the buffer material 60 are in contact with each other, and one side surface of the buffer material 60 and the other side surface of the vibration transmission material 49 are in contact with each other. . Accordingly, in the configuration shown in FIG.
  • the lower surface of the sensor unit 1 is in contact with the portion where the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48 abuts, the portion where the upper surface of the buffer material 60 abuts, and the upper surface of the vibration transmission material 49.
  • the portion is continuously provided in one direction.
  • the region overlapping the upper surface of the non-vibration transmission material 48, the region overlapping the upper surface of the buffer material 60, and the region overlapping the upper surface of the vibration transmission material 49 are unidirectional. Are provided continuously.
  • the buffer material 60 for example, a configuration capable of appropriately transmitting sound and vibration, transmitting less sound than the non-vibration transmission material 48, and transmitting vibration less than the vibration transmission material 49 is used.
  • a foam member having a plurality of pores based on a foam material can be used.
  • the buffer material 60 is disposed between the non-vibration transmission material 48 and the vibration transmission material 49, so that the piezoelectric element of the sensor unit 1 allows the buffer material 60 to appropriately propagate both sound and vibration. Thus, deep sound and vibration can be detected. Further, the piezoelectric element can detect both sound and vibration with desired sensitivity by adjusting physical properties such as elasticity and density of the buffer material 60.
  • the sensor unit 81a, the non-vibration transmitting material 88a, and the sensor unit 81b are laminated on the surface of the vibrating body P in this order.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 88a is a sheet-like member having a size that includes a range surrounded by the outer periphery of the sensor unit 81a and the sensor unit 81b in a plan view, and having both surfaces flat.
  • the sensor unit 81a and the sensor unit 81b are, for example, sensor units having the same shape as the sensor unit 1 in FIG.
  • the non-vibration transmission material 88a for example, the same material as the non-vibration transmission material 48 of FIG. 7 can be used.
  • the sensor unit 81a disposed on the other surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 88a is in direct contact with the surface of the vibrating body P and mainly detects the vibration of the vibrating body P.
  • the sensor unit 81b disposed on one surface of the non-vibration transmitting material 88a can detect the sound in the space with high accuracy because the non-vibration transmitting material 88a suppresses the propagation of vibration of the vibrating body P. Therefore, the detection ratio of sound and vibration can be adjusted by adjusting the ratio of the flat area of the sensor unit 81a and the sensor unit 81b.
  • the sensor unit 81b in the configuration of FIG. 16 is divided into a sensor unit 81c and a sensor unit 81d, and these two sensor units 81b and 81c are arranged on one surface of the non-vibration transmission material 88a.
  • the sensor unit for detecting the sound can be selected by dividing the sensor unit for detecting the sound, so that the detection ratio between the sound and the vibration can be easily adjusted.
  • the sensor unit that detects sound is divided into two, but the sensor unit that detects sound may be divided into three or more. Further, the sensor unit 81a for detecting vibration may be divided and arranged.
  • an air vibration isolating material 87 is further disposed between the sensor unit 81a and the non-vibration transmitting material 88a in the configuration of FIG.
  • the air vibration blocking material 87 has a size including a range surrounded by the outer periphery of the sensor unit 81a in plan view, and is a sheet-like member having both surfaces flat, and for example, a metal plate can be used.
  • the air vibration blocking material 87 By arranging the air vibration blocking material 87 in this way, it is possible to suppress the sound from being transmitted to the sensor unit 81a through the non-vibration transmitting material 88a, and the detection accuracy of the vibration of the vibrating body P in the sensor unit 81a. Can be improved.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 88b and the sensor unit 81e are further arranged in this order on one surface side of the sensor unit 81b in the configuration of FIG.
  • the sensor unit 81e is, for example, a sensor unit having the same shape as the sensor unit 81a.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material 88b is a non-vibration transmitting material having the same shape as the non-vibration transmitting material 88a, for example.
  • the non-vibration transmission material 88a and the non-vibration transmission material 88b are difficult to propagate vibration but easily propagate sound. Therefore, in the sensor unit 81b, vibration from the vibrating body P is difficult to detect, and sound from space is easy to detect. . Therefore, the vibration of the vibrating body P is detected by the sensor unit 81a, and the sound from the space is detected by the sensor unit 81b and the sensor unit 81e. That is, with the configuration of FIG. 19, the area for detecting sound by the sensor unit can be made larger than the area for detecting vibration, and the sound detection ratio can be increased.
  • the sound detection ratio can be further increased.
  • the non-vibration transmitting material is preferably a material that easily propagates sound, and is preferably formed of a material having continuous pores such as a sponge.
  • the sensitivity can be flattened to a higher frequency by reducing the area where the sound of the piezoelectric element is detected, but in this case, the sensitivity is lowered because the capacitance is lowered.
  • This decrease in capacitance can be suppressed by increasing the surface area of the piezoelectric element.
  • the piezoelectric element 92 in FIG. 21A is a piezoelectric element formed in a box shape.
  • the surface area of the piezoelectric element can be increased to about five times that in the case where the piezoelectric element is formed in a sheet shape, and a decrease in capacitance can be suppressed.
  • the piezoelectric element 92 in FIG. 21A is formed, for example, as shown in FIG. 21B after forming a plate-like piezoelectric element in which four squares having one square in the plan view and having a common side on each square are connected.
  • This flat piezoelectric element can be formed by bending it along four sides of a central square.
  • the piezoelectric element 102 in FIG. 22 is configured by bending a piezoelectric element 102 formed in a sheet shape along the peripheral surfaces of a plurality of columnar spacers 103. Specifically, in the piezoelectric element 102, a plurality of spacers 103 are arranged substantially in parallel so that the front and rear piezoelectric elements bent at the peripheral surface of the spacer 103 are substantially parallel, and a sheet is provided on the plurality of spacers 103. It is formed by spanning a piezoelectric element. For example, in the case of the piezoelectric element 102 of FIG. 22, the surface area of the piezoelectric element in the same plane area can be increased about five times.
  • the piezoelectric element 112 shown in FIG. 23 is obtained by bending a piezoelectric element 112 formed in a sheet shape at a plurality of locations and supporting it with a cylindrical spacer 103 to form a bellows shape.
  • a plurality of spacers 103 are arranged substantially in parallel at a position where the shape of the piezoelectric element can be maintained by inserting a sheet-like piezoelectric element formed in a bellows shape between the two spacers 103. It is formed by inserting a sheet-like piezoelectric element bent in a bellows shape between the plurality of spacers 103.
  • the surface area of the piezoelectric element in the same plane area can be increased by about 6 times.
  • piezoelectric elements shown in FIGS. 21A, 22 and 23 may be installed in any orientation.
  • the stringed musical instrument 121 of FIGS. 24 and 25 includes a hollow body 123 having a soundboard 122, a bridge 125 provided on the outer surface side of the soundboard 122 and supporting a plurality of strings 124, and a saddle provided on the outer surface of the bridge 125.
  • 126 a neck 127 connected to the body 123 and extending from one end side of the soundboard 122, and a head 128 provided on one end side of the neck 127.
  • the plurality of strings 124 are wound and locked on a plurality of pegs 129 provided on the head 128, and the other ends are supported by a bridge 125 via a saddle 126 and are locked on a plurality of pins 130.
  • the sound board 122 has a sound hole 131 between the other end of the neck 127 and the bridge 125.
  • a plurality of sounding bars 132 are attached to the inner surface of the sounding board 122.
  • a plate 133 disposed at a position facing the bridge 125 with the soundboard 122 interposed therebetween, and a reinforcing plate 134 for reinforcing the strength of the soundboard 122 are provided.
  • the stringed musical instrument 121 includes the sensor unit 1 shown in FIG.
  • the sensor unit 1 is attached to the inner surface of the plate 133. That is, in the stringed musical instrument 121, the plate 133 is configured as the vibrating body P, and the sensor unit 1 is disposed on the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the stringed musical instrument 121 is configured as an electric acoustic guitar that converts the vibration of the string 124 into an electric signal by the sensor unit 121 and outputs the electric signal.
  • the stringed musical instrument 121 can detect the sound generated by the vibration of the vibrating body P and the vibration of the body 123 by the vibration of the plurality of strings 124 by the sensor unit 1, so that the original tone color of the instrument is converted into an electrical signal. Can be output.
  • the sensor unit 11 of the second embodiment may be arranged so that a surface different from that in FIG. That is, the sound propagation sheet 13 of the sensor unit 11 may be disposed so as to contact the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • the sound propagation sheet 13 of the sensor unit 11 may be disposed so as to contact the surface of the vibrating body P.
  • an electrode layer made of a high-strength material as the electrode layer on the opposite side of the sound propagation sheet 13 of the piezoelectric element 2
  • a weight may be disposed on the side of the sensor unit opposite to the vibrating body.
  • a sheet made of synthetic resin may be disposed on the surface of the sensor unit opposite to the vibrating body, or a sheet or plate formed of metal may be disposed.
  • a through-hole may be formed in the weight in order to facilitate sound propagation.
  • a cushion layer may be disposed between the sensor unit and the vibrating body. By disposing the cushion layer in this manner, vibration transmitted from the vibrating body to the sensor unit can be reduced, and the sound detection rate can be increased.
  • the sensor unit does not necessarily have to be attached to the electric acoustic guitar.
  • the sensor unit may be attached to various stringed instruments such as classical guitar, violin, cello, mandolin, and piano, or may be attached to instruments other than stringed instruments such as percussion instruments. That is, the musical instrument according to the present invention is not necessarily a stringed musical instrument, and can be configured as a percussion instrument.
  • the attachment location of a sensor unit is not specifically limited, It can attach to the arbitrary vibrating bodies of a musical instrument.
  • the sensor unit attached to the musical instrument is not limited to the sensor unit 1 of FIG. 1, and any sensor unit in the above embodiment can be used.
  • the sensor unit can be configured as a pickup for a musical instrument attached to a musical instrument, but may be used for a member other than a musical instrument such as a boundary microphone.
  • the sensor unit of the present invention can detect sound together with vibration while protecting the piezoelectric element, it is suitable for various musical instruments and the like, and in buildings, machines, transportation equipment, etc. It is preferably used for detecting abnormal noises and noises that are used as a measure of noise.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Details Of Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
PCT/JP2016/075244 2015-09-30 2016-08-29 センサーユニット及び楽器 WO2017056819A1 (ja)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16850995.8A EP3358319B1 (de) 2015-09-30 2016-08-29 Sensoreinheit und musikinstrument
CN201680054404.6A CN108027276A (zh) 2015-09-30 2016-08-29 传感器单元和乐器
US15/907,783 US10670453B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2018-02-28 Sensor unit and musical instrument
US16/888,033 US11346709B2 (en) 2015-09-30 2020-05-29 Sensor unit and musical instrument

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015195323 2015-09-30
JP2015-195323 2015-09-30

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