WO2017056498A1 - 糖尿病性腎症の判定マーカー - Google Patents
糖尿病性腎症の判定マーカー Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
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- G01N2800/34—Genitourinary disorders
- G01N2800/347—Renal failures; Glomerular diseases; Tubulointerstitial diseases, e.g. nephritic syndrome, glomerulonephritis; Renovascular diseases, e.g. renal artery occlusion, nephropathy
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6848—Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry
- G01N33/6851—Methods of protein analysis involving laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining diabetic nephropathy and a biomarker for determining diabetic nephropathy used in such a determination method.
- Diabetes is known to cause various chronic vascular complications, and the prognosis depends on the complications. Among them, diabetic nephropathy is important for the prognosis of life, and it is desired to diagnose its onset and onset risk at an early stage to prevent progression.
- the stage of diabetic nephropathy is diagnosed in addition to the history of diabetes, changes in urinary findings (detection of proteinuria / microalbuminuria), decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and fundus examination Based on findings (observation of fundus vascular lesions).
- urinary findings detection of proteinuria / microalbuminuria
- eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
- fundus examination Based on findings (observation of fundus vascular lesions).
- these diagnoses have been problematic in that they are insufficient to distinguish from other renal diseases other than diabetic nephropathy.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometer
- CE-MS capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometer
- the inventions described in these documents do not relate to biomarkers that can determine the stage of diabetic nephropathy or the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.
- a biomarker that enables early identification of diabetic nephropathy has been identified using CE-TOFMS (Patent Document 1).
- the concentration of the identified biomarker (compound) is statistically significant in different disease periods, the difference is small and it is unclear whether it can be put to practical use.
- such a biomarker cannot determine the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a biomarker that can determine the onset risk and stage of diabetic nephropathy (particularly early diabetic nephropathy).
- the present inventors have conducted an analysis on the relationship between phenylsulfate (PS) concentration and ACR, which is an index of diabetic nephropathy. It was found that the onset risk and stage of diabetic nephropathy (particularly early diabetic nephropathy) can be determined, and the present invention has been completed.
- PS phenylsulfate
- the present invention is as follows.
- a method for determining diabetic nephropathy comprising detecting phenylsulfuric acid or a salt thereof in a biological sample collected from a subject.
- the determination method according to [1] wherein the biological sample is blood or urine.
- the subject is a subject who has not developed diabetic nephropathy and the concentration of phenylsulfate or a salt thereof in blood collected from the subject is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold, the subject is diabetic.
- the determination method according to [2] above which indicates that the possibility of developing nephropathy is high.
- the determination method according to [3] wherein the predetermined threshold is 5.5 (nmol / mL).
- the subject is a subject whose diabetic nephropathy is unknown or a subject whose stage of diabetic nephropathy is unknown, and the concentration of phenylsulfate or a salt thereof in blood collected from the subject is , If less than the predetermined threshold, the subject is likely to be classified as diabetic nephropathy in the early stage of nephropathy, and the concentration of phenylsulfate or its salt in blood collected from the subject is predetermined.
- the value is within the range of the value A, it indicates that the subject is likely to be classified as diabetic nephropathy in the early nephropathy stage or overt nephropathy stage, and phenylsulfate in blood collected from the subject
- the concentration of the salt is within the range of the predetermined value B, it indicates that the subject is likely to be classified as diabetic nephropathy in the overt nephropathy stage [2] ]
- the predetermined threshold is 0.51 (nmol / mL)
- the predetermined value A is more than 54.4 (nmol / mL) to 159 (nmol / mL)
- the predetermined value B is The determination method according to [5] above, which is more than 74.1 (nmol / mL) to 159 (nmol / mL).
- a biomarker for determining diabetic nephropathy comprising phenylsulfuric acid or a salt thereof.
- the biomarker according to [7] above, wherein the determination of diabetic nephropathy is a determination of the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy.
- the biomarker according to [7] above, wherein the determination of diabetic nephropathy is determination of the stage of diabetic nephropathy.
- the determination method of the present invention is a method for assisting diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy by a doctor, and does not include a diagnosis act by a doctor. Moreover, as another aspect of the said determination method, the method of collecting the data for diagnosing diabetic nephropathy can be mentioned.
- Another embodiment of the present invention includes a method for diagnosing diabetic nephropathy characterized by detecting phenylsulfuric acid or a salt thereof in a biological sample collected from a subject.
- Such a diagnostic method preferably further comprises a step of treating the diagnosed subject (patient) in order to improve the renal function of the subject (patient) diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy.
- phenylsulfuric acid or a salt thereof for use as a biomarker in a diagnosis (determination) method for diabetic nephropathy can be mentioned.
- diabetic nephropathy since it is possible to accurately determine the risk of onset of diabetic nephropathy and the presence or absence of the onset of relatively early diabetic nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy such as periodic medical checkup necessary for early detection of diabetic nephropathy In addition to an increase in the number of examinees, it is possible to prevent the onset of diabetic nephropathy and to effectively treat diabetic nephropathy at an early stage. It is expected to prevent progress, improve QOL (Quality of Life) and reduce medical expenses.
- QOL Quality of Life
- the present determination method As a method for determining diabetic nephropathy of the present invention (hereinafter simply referred to as “the present determination method”), phenylsulfuric acid or a salt thereof in a biological sample collected from a subject (provider) (hereinafter collectively referred to as these). This may be referred to as “phenylsulfuric acid”). It is particularly limited if it is a method for measuring diabetic nephropathy by measuring or quantifying the concentration and determining diabetic nephropathy (excluding diagnostic actions by doctors).
- the present biomarker for determining diabetic nephropathy of the present invention
- the biomarker is not particularly limited, and “determination of diabetic nephropathy” includes determination of the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and determination of the stage of diabetic nephropathy. It is.
- the stage (stage) of the diabetic nephropathy can be classified based on the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio (ACR), which is an index of diabetic early nephropathy, or the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
- ACR urinary albumin / creatinine ratio
- eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
- onset of diabetic nephropathy means a state of developing diabetic nephropathy in a stage after stage 2 (early nephropathy stage) in which microalbuminuria is detected. That is, the first stage (early nephropathy) corresponds to before the onset of diabetic nephropathy, and the second stage (early nephropathy stage) after the onset of diabetic nephropathy (the state in which diabetic nephropathy has developed). Equivalent to.
- the determination method and the biomarker are particularly effective in determining the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy (early nephropathy stage) in the first stage (early nephropathy stage) To do.
- the above subjects include subjects who have not developed diabetic nephropathy, subjects who are uncertain whether or not diabetic nephropathy, and subjects whose diabetic nephropathy stage (stage of progression) is unknown (diabetic) Patients with nephropathy).
- Such subjects who are uncertain whether they have diabetic nephropathy include those who have suffered from diabetic nephropathy in the past and who are uncertain whether or not they have diabetic nephropathy at the time of the test.
- Patients with diabetic nephropathy whose stage (stage of progression) is unknown have diabetic nephropathy in the past, and diabetic nephropathy whose stage (stage of progression) is unknown at the time of testing Patients with illness are also included.
- the biological sample examples include non-liquid samples such as tissues, cells and organs, and liquid samples such as blood, urine and saliva.
- non-liquid samples such as tissues, cells and organs
- liquid samples such as blood, urine and saliva.
- blood (plasma, serum) or urine is preferable.
- phenylsulfuric acid to be detected and phenylsulfuric acid of the present biomarker are the following compounds (molecular weight 174.17).
- the phenyl sulfate to be detected and the phenyl sulfate of the present biomarker include metal salts generated from aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and zinc, and N, N′-di- Examples include organic salts generated from benzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, lysine, procaine and the like.
- the concentration of phenyl sulfate in a biological sample collected from a subject who has not developed diabetic nephropathy is higher than that of a biological sample derived from a healthy subject
- the subject is diabetic nephropathy.
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in biological samples collected from subjects who have not developed diabetic nephropathy is higher than that of biological samples derived from healthy subjects. If not, it indicates that such subject is less likely to develop diabetic nephropathy.
- the biological sample derived from a healthy person is subjected to the same treatment as the biological sample derived from the subject after being collected.
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in a biological sample collected from a subject whose diabetic nephropathy is unknown or a subject whose stage of diabetic nephropathy is unknown is derived from a control person. If it is higher compared to the biological sample, this indicates that the subject is more likely to have a more advanced stage of diabetic nephropathy than the control, such as a subject with unknown or not diabetic nephropathy, If the concentration of phenylsulfates in a biological sample taken from a subject whose stage of disease is unknown is not high compared to a biological sample from the control, the subject is more likely to have diabetic nephropathy than the control. Indicates that the stage is unlikely to progress.
- the biological sample derived from the control person is preferably one that has been collected and then subjected to the same treatment as the biological sample derived from the subject.
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in blood collected from a subject who has not developed diabetic nephropathy is not less than a predetermined threshold (exceeding), for example, 5.2 (nmol / mL) or more. , Preferably 5.5 (nmol / mL) or more, more preferably 6.5 (nmol / mL) or more, and even more preferably 7.5 (nmol / mL) or more, such a subject has diabetic nephropathy.
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in blood collected from a subject who does not develop diabetic nephropathy is less than a predetermined threshold (below), for example, 5.2 (nmol) / Min), preferably less than 5.5 (nmol / mL), more preferably less than 6.5 (nmol / mL), and even more preferably less than 7.5 (nmol / mL). , It indicates a low likelihood of developing diabetic nephropathy.
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in blood collected from a subject whose diabetic nephropathy is unknown or a subject whose stage of diabetic nephropathy is unknown is less than a predetermined threshold (below) For example, less than 0.51 (nmol / mL), preferably 0.50 (nmol / mL) or less, more preferably 0.49 (nmol / mL) or less, and even more preferably 0.48 (nmol / mL) or less.
- nmol / mL nmol / mL
- More than threshold for example, 0.51 (nmol / mL) or more, preferably more than 0.50 (nmol / mL), more preferably more than 0.49 (nmol / mL), still more preferably 0.48 ( mol / mL), even more preferably more than 0.47 (nmol / mL), the subject is unlikely to be classified as diabetic nephropathy in the first stage (early nephropathy).
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in blood collected from a subject whose diabetic nephropathy is unknown or a subject whose stage of diabetic nephropathy is unknown exceeds a predetermined threshold (or higher). For example, more than 54.4 (nmol / mL), preferably 54.5 (nmol / mL) or more, more preferably 54.6 (nmol / mL) or more, and further preferably 54.7 (nmol / mL) or more.
- nmol / mL nmol / mL
- nmol / mL nmol / mL
- 54.5 nmol / mL
- nmol / mL most preferably within the range of 54.6 (nmol / mL) to 159 (nmol / mL), the subject is in the second stage (early nephropathy stage) or the third stage ( Obvious In the blood collected from subjects with unknown or non-diabetic nephropathy or subjects with unknown stage of diabetic nephropathy
- the concentration of phenylsulfuric acid is below a predetermined threshold (less than) or above (over), for example, 54.4 (nmol / mL) or below, or 159 (nmol / mL) or above, preferably 54.5 (nmol / mL) ), Or 159 (nmol / mL) or more, more preferably less than 54.6 (nmol / mL), or 159 (nmol / mL) or more, more preferably less than 54.7 (nmol / mL), or 159 ( (nmol / mL) or more indicates that the subject
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in blood collected from a subject whose diabetic nephropathy is unknown or a subject whose stage of diabetic nephropathy is unknown exceeds a predetermined threshold (or higher).
- a predetermined threshold or higher.
- a predetermined threshold or higher.
- 74.1 nmol / mL
- 74.2 nmol / mL
- 74.3 nmol / mL
- 74.4 nmol / mL
- a predetermined value range for example, more than 74.1 (nmol / mL) to 159 (nmol / mL), particularly preferably 74.2 (nmol / mL) to 159 (nmol / mL). in the range 3 mL, most preferably in the range 74.3 (nmol / mL) to 159 (nmol / mL), the subject may have diabetic kidneys in stage 3 (apparent nephropathy stage).
- the concentration of phenyl sulfates in the blood collected from subjects with unknown or non-diabetic nephropathy or subjects with unknown stage of diabetic nephropathy Less than (less than) or more than (e.g.), for example, 74.1 (nmol / mL) or less, or more than 159 (nmol / mL), preferably less than 74.2 (nmol / mL), or 159 (nmol / mL) More than, more preferably less than 74.3 (nmol / mL), or more than 159 (nmol / mL), even more preferably less than 74.4 (nmol / mL), or more than 159 (nmol / mL)
- the predetermined threshold value (cutoff value) and the predetermined value are determined based on data on phenyl sulf
- the method for detecting phenyl sulfates may be any method as long as it can measure or quantify the concentration of phenyl sulfates.
- a mass spectrometer MS
- immunohistochemical staining can be used.
- mass spectrometry is preferred.
- MS mass spectrometer
- LC / MS liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer
- GC / MS gas chromatograph mass spectrometer
- CE-MS capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometer
- ELDI Surface (Enhanced Laser Desorption / Ionization)-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer
- the immunohistochemical staining method for example, an antibody that specifically binds to phenyl sulfates is used, latex agglutination immunoassay method, fluorescent antibody method, radioimmunoassay method, immunoprecipitation method, immunohistochemical staining method, Western blotting
- an antibody that specifically binds to phenyl sulfates is used, latex agglutination immunoassay method, fluorescent antibody method, radioimmunoassay method, immunoprecipitation method, immunohistochemical staining method, Western blotting
- the method of analyzing by a method can be mentioned.
- Plasma samples and urine samples were collected from 316 subjects (143 men, 173 women), and sex, 11 items (phenyl sulfate [PS] concentration, heart rate, plasma glucose concentration, hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ] Value, urine pH value, estimated glomerular filtration rate value [eGFR], urinary albumin / creatinine ratio [ACR], triglyceride [TG] value, uric acid [UA] value, blood urea nitrogen [BUN] value, pulse wave propagation Speed [PWV] value).
- PS concentration a dependent function
- multiple regression analysis was performed using 12 types of values including age and sex as well as the test values of the above 10 types of items excluding the PS concentration as independent variables.
- the Joint Committee on Diabetic Nephropathy has established a new early diagnostic criterion dated December 2013, “Diagnosis of diabetic early nephropathy when ACR is 30 to 299 mg / g”. Therefore, the subjects were classified into ACRs of 0 to less than 30 (mg / g) (normal albuminuria), 30 to 299 (mg / g) (microalbuminuria), and 300 (mg / g) or more (obvious), respectively. Were classified into groups showing albuminuria (referred to as the nephropathy early stage group, early nephropathy stage group, and overt nephropathy stage group, respectively), and the relationship with the PS concentration was examined (Table 1).
- the blood PS concentration was higher in the early nephropathy stage group than in the early nephropathy stage group, and higher in the overt nephropathy stage group than in the early nephropathy stage group.
- This result shows that the PS concentration in blood increases as the stage of diabetic nephropathy defined by urinary albumin level progresses (Table 1).
- the urinary PS concentration did not differ between the early nephropathy group and the early nephropathy group, but compared with the early nephropathy group and the early nephropathy group, the nephropathy group and the early nephropathy group. It was higher. From the above results, it was shown that the stage (especially the initial stage) of diabetic nephropathy can be determined using the increase in PS concentration in blood or urine as an index.
- the blood PS concentration derived from a healthy person is 0.07 ⁇ 0.02 (mg / dL) ( ⁇ 4.0 ⁇ 1.1 [nmol / mL]) (reference “ Itoh, Y. et al, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 403: 1841-1850 ”). That is, assuming that the blood PS concentration derived from a healthy person is normally distributed, the healthy person showing a blood PS concentration of 4.0 ⁇ 1.1 (nmol / mL) is about 68% of the whole.
- the threshold value of PS concentration is set to 5.5 (nmol / mL), 6.5 (nmol / mL), and 7.5 (nmol / mL), and diabetic nephropathy (early nephropathy stage) It was confirmed whether PS concentration increased before onset (Table 2).
- a subject who exhibits a blood PS concentration of 5.5 (nmol / mL) or higher has a probability of at least 84%. It can be said that the concentration is higher than the concentration, and a subject having a blood PS concentration of 6.5 (nmol / mL) or more has a probability of at least 97.5% higher than the blood PS concentration of a healthy subject. It can be said that a subject who shows a blood PS concentration of 7.5 (nmol / mL) or higher is higher than the blood PS concentration of a healthy subject with a probability of at least 99.5%. It can be said that.
- the present invention contributes to early detection and early treatment of diabetic nephropathy and prevention of diabetic nephropathy onset.
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Abstract
Description
[1]被験者から採取された生体試料中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩を検出することを特徴とする、糖尿病性腎症の判定方法。
[2]生体試料が血液又は尿であることを特徴とする上記[1]に記載の判定方法。
[3]被験者が、糖尿病性腎症を発症していない被験者であり、かつ被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の閾値以上である場合、被験者は、糖尿病性腎症を発症する可能性が高いことを示すことを特徴とする上記[2]に記載の判定方法。
[4]所定の閾値が、5.5(nmol/mL)であることを特徴とする上記[3]に記載の判定方法。
[5]被験者が、糖尿病性腎症かどうか不明な被験者、又は糖尿病性腎症の病期が不明な被検者であり、かつ被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の閾値未満である場合、被験者は、腎症前期の糖尿病性腎症に分類される可能性が高いことを示し、被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の値Aの範囲内である場合、被験者は、早期腎症期又は顕性腎症期の糖尿病性腎症に分類される可能性が高いことを示し、被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の値Bの範囲内である場合、被験者は、顕性腎症期の糖尿病性腎症に分類される可能性が高いことを示すことを特徴とする上記[2]に記載の判定方法。
[6]所定の閾値が、0.51(nmol/mL)であり、所定の値Aが、54.4(nmol/mL)超~159(nmol/mL)であり、所定の値Bが、74.1(nmol/mL)超~159(nmol/mL)であることを特徴とする上記[5]に記載の判定方法。
[7]フェニル硫酸又はその塩からなる、糖尿病性腎症を判定するためのバイオマーカー。
[8]糖尿病性腎症の判定が、糖尿病性腎症の発症リスクの判定であることを特徴とする上記[7]に記載のバイオマーカー。
[9]糖尿病性腎症の判定が、糖尿病性腎症の病期の判定であることを特徴とする上記[7]に記載のバイオマーカー。
また、本発明の実施の他の形態として、糖尿病性腎症の診断(判定)方法におけるバイオマーカーとして使用のためのフェニル硫酸又はその塩を挙げることができる。
上記所定の閾値(カットオフ値)や所定の値は、糖尿病性腎症発症患者、健常者、及び/又は対照者から採取された生体試料中のフェニル硫酸類濃度のデータを基に、定法にしたがって算出することができる。
また、表中の「**」は、「0~30(mg/g)未満ACR」及び「30~300(mg/g)ACR」の血中PS濃度(nmol/mL)に対して、統計学的に有意差(それぞれp=0.000192、及びp=0.00111)があることを示す。
また、表中の「***」は、「0~30(mg/g)未満ACR」及び「30~300(mg/g)ACR」の尿中PS濃度(nmol/mL)に対して、統計学的に有意差(それぞれp=0.000167、及びp=0.00392)があることを示す。
また、尿中のPS濃度は、腎症前期群と早期腎症期群の間で違いは認められなかったものの、腎症前期群や早期腎症期群と比べ、顕性腎症期群の方が高かった。
以上の結果から、血中や尿中のPS濃度の増加を指標として、糖尿病性腎症の病期(特に初期)を判定できることが示された。
PS濃度の増加を指標として、糖尿病性腎症の病期を判定できることを示す表1の結果と合わせて考えると、このように糖尿病性腎症の発症前にPS濃度の増加が認められた被験者は、糖尿病性腎症を発症するリスクが高いと考えられる。また、血中PS濃度が正規分布していると仮定した場合、5.5(nmol/mL)以上の血中PS濃度を示す被検者は、少なくとも84%の確率で健常者の血中PS濃度よりも上昇しているといえ、また、6.5(nmol/mL)以上の血中PS濃度を示す被検者は、少なくとも97.5%の確率で健常者の血中PS濃度よりも上昇しているといえ、また、7.5(nmol/mL)以上の血中PS濃度を示す被検者は、少なくとも99.5%の確率で健常者の血中PS濃度よりも上昇しているといえる。
Claims (9)
- 被験者から採取された生体試料中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩を検出することを特徴とする、糖尿病性腎症の判定方法。
- 生体試料が血液又は尿であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の判定方法。
- 被験者が、糖尿病性腎症を発症していない被験者であり、かつ
被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の閾値以上である場合、被験者は、糖尿病性腎症を発症する可能性が高いことを示すことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の判定方法。 - 所定の閾値が、5.5(nmol/mL)であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の判定方法。
- 被験者が、糖尿病性腎症かどうか不明な被験者、又は糖尿病性腎症の病期が不明な被検者であり、かつ
被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の閾値未満である場合、被験者は、腎症前期の糖尿病性腎症に分類される可能性が高いことを示し、
被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の値Aの範囲内である場合、被験者は、早期腎症期又は顕性腎症期の糖尿病性腎症に分類される可能性が高いことを示し、
被験者から採取された血液中のフェニル硫酸又はその塩の濃度が、所定の値Bの範囲内である場合、被験者は、顕性腎症期の糖尿病性腎症に分類される可能性が高いことを示すことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の判定方法。 - 所定の閾値が、0.51(nmol/mL)であり、
所定の値Aが、54.4(nmol/mL)超~159(nmol/mL)であり、
所定の値Bが、74.1(nmol/mL)超~159(nmol/mL)であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の判定方法。 - フェニル硫酸又はその塩からなる、糖尿病性腎症を判定するためのバイオマーカー。
- 糖尿病性腎症の判定が、糖尿病性腎症の発症リスクの判定であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバイオマーカー。
- 糖尿病性腎症の判定が、糖尿病性腎症の病期の判定であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載のバイオマーカー。
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