WO2017030039A1 - レーザ加工装置及びレーザ加工方法 - Google Patents
レーザ加工装置及びレーザ加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017030039A1 WO2017030039A1 PCT/JP2016/073343 JP2016073343W WO2017030039A1 WO 2017030039 A1 WO2017030039 A1 WO 2017030039A1 JP 2016073343 W JP2016073343 W JP 2016073343W WO 2017030039 A1 WO2017030039 A1 WO 2017030039A1
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- Prior art keywords
- line
- candidate
- workpiece
- crack
- reference line
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/50—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece
- B23K26/53—Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
- B23K26/032—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece using optical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
- B23K26/364—Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a laser processing apparatus and a laser processing method.
- a cutting starting point region is formed along each of a plurality of scheduled cutting lines set in a lattice shape with respect to a processing target including a substrate made of a crystal material, and cracks are formed on the front and back surfaces of the processing target from the cutting starting point region.
- a processing target including a substrate made of a crystal material
- cracks are formed on the front and back surfaces of the processing target from the cutting starting point region.
- the cutting start region include a modified region formed inside the substrate and a groove formed on the surface of the workpiece.
- a step appears on the cut surface of the chip, and the yield of the chip may be reduced.
- the present inventors have found that the appearance of the step is due to the fact that the line to be cut is set so as to deviate from the crystal orientation of the substrate of the workpiece.
- An object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide a laser processing apparatus and a laser processing method that can suppress the setting of a line to be cut out of alignment with respect to the crystal orientation of a substrate to be processed.
- a laser processing apparatus includes a support base that supports a workpiece including a substrate made of a crystal material, a laser light source that emits laser light, and a laser beam emitted from the laser light source.
- An operation control unit that controls at least one operation of the support base, the laser light source, and the condensing optical system, and a reference line that is determined as a line that indicates the crystal orientation of the substrate based on the crack image captured by the imaging unit versus And a reference line setting unit that sets against the object.
- the present inventors formed a cutting start region along the candidate line, and when the workpiece was cut using the cutting start region as a starting point, the cutting was performed as the degree of crack deflection with respect to the candidate line increased. It has been found that the number of steps appearing on the cut surface of the workpiece increases.
- the laser processing apparatus of the present invention is determined based on an image of a crack that has reached the surface of the workpiece from the modified region along each of a plurality of candidate lines extending in different directions.
- a reference line line indicating the crystal orientation of the substrate
- the candidate line setting unit sets a predetermined number of candidate lines extending in mutually different predetermined directions for the workpiece
- the reference line setting unit has a predetermined number of lines.
- the candidate line with the smallest degree of crack deflection may be set as the reference line for the workpiece.
- only a predetermined number of candidate lines extending in different predetermined directions need only be subjected to laser light irradiation, confirmation of the state of cracks, etc., so the setting of the reference line for the workpiece is simply performed. be able to.
- the candidate line setting unit applies a predetermined number of candidate lines extending in different predetermined directions to the processing target with reference to an orientation flat provided in the processing target. May be set. In this case, it is possible to suppress variation in the setting of candidate lines for each processing object.
- the candidate line setting unit processes a plurality of candidate lines until the degree of crack deflection falls within a predetermined range based on the crack image captured by the imaging unit.
- the reference line setting unit may sequentially set the object to be processed, and the reference line setting unit may set the candidate line in which the degree of crack deflection is within a predetermined range as the reference line for the processing object. In this case, the setting of the reference line for the workpiece can be performed with a desired accuracy.
- the candidate line setting unit may set the first candidate line for the processing object on the basis of the orientation flat provided on the processing object. In this case, it is possible to suppress variation in the setting of candidate lines for each processing object.
- the laser processing apparatus may further include a storage unit that stores in advance the relationship between the angle formed by the candidate line with respect to the crystal orientation and the degree of crack deflection.
- a storage unit that stores in advance the relationship between the angle formed by the candidate line with respect to the crystal orientation and the degree of crack deflection.
- the laser processing apparatus may further include a display unit that displays a crack image captured by the imaging unit. In this case, the operator can confirm the state of the crack.
- the operation control unit includes a support base so that a reference mark indicating a crystal orientation is formed on the object to be processed along the reference line set by the reference line setting unit.
- the operation of at least one of the laser light source and the condensing optical system may be controlled. In this case, it is possible to set a planned cutting line that extends in a direction parallel to the reference line with respect to the reference mark as a reference for the workpiece.
- the laser processing apparatus further includes a scheduled cutting line setting unit that sets a planned cutting line extending in a direction parallel to the reference line set by the reference line setting unit with respect to the workpiece.
- the operation control unit includes at least one of a support base, a laser light source, and a condensing optical system so that the modified region is formed inside the substrate along the planned cutting line set by the planned cutting line setting unit.
- the operation may be controlled.
- the same series of processes such as laser light irradiation along the candidate line, confirmation of crack state, reference line setting, scheduled cutting line setting, laser beam irradiation along the planned cutting line are the same. It can be carried out on a laser processing apparatus.
- a laser processing method includes a first step of setting a plurality of candidate lines extending in different directions with respect to a processing target including a substrate made of a crystal material, and a plurality of candidate lines.
- the cutting line is set so as to be shifted with respect to the crystal orientation of the substrate of the workpiece for the same reason as the laser processing apparatus of the present invention described above. Can be suppressed.
- a predetermined number of candidate lines extending in different predetermined directions are set for the workpiece
- a predetermined number of candidate lines are set.
- the candidate line with the smallest degree of crack deflection may be set as the reference line for the workpiece.
- only a predetermined number of candidate lines extending in different predetermined directions need only be subjected to laser light irradiation, confirmation of the state of cracks, etc., so the setting of the reference line for the workpiece is simply performed. be able to.
- a candidate line in which the degree of crack deflection is within a predetermined range may be set as a reference line for the workpiece. In this case, the setting of the reference line for the workpiece can be performed with a desired accuracy.
- the candidate line setting unit sets a plurality of candidate lines with different angles formed with respect to the reference direction for the workpiece
- the reference line setting unit includes a plurality of The inclination direction in which the crack of each candidate line is inclined with respect to the candidate line is detected, and the angle formed by the inclination direction of the crack on one side of the candidate line and the reference direction is the largest among the plurality of candidate lines.
- the reference line is set as a workpiece. It may be set.
- a plurality of candidate lines having different angles with respect to the reference direction are set for the workpiece
- a plurality of candidate lines is set.
- An inclination direction in which each crack is inclined with respect to the candidate line is detected, and among the plurality of candidate lines, the angle formed by the inclination direction of the crack on one side of the candidate line and the reference direction is the largest or smallest.
- the reference line is set as a workpiece. May be.
- the angle between the angle formed by the first candidate line with respect to the reference direction and the angle formed by the second candidate line with respect to the reference direction corresponds to the crystal orientation of the substrate. Therefore, by setting a reference line, which is a line indicating the crystal orientation of the substrate, based on the first and second candidate lines, the reference line can be set with high accuracy. Further, in this case, it is possible to cope with a case where there is no shake shape in which the cracks are periodically repeated.
- a laser processing apparatus and a laser processing method capable of suppressing the setting of a cutting line to be shifted with respect to the crystal orientation of the substrate of the workpiece.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a laser processing apparatus used for forming a modified region.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of a workpiece to be modified.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of the workpiece of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of an object to be processed after laser processing.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VV of the workpiece in FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the workpiece of FIG. 4 along the line VI-VI.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a processing object for explaining laser processing along a candidate line.
- FIG. 8A is a plan view showing a first example of a substrate surface on which a half cut is formed.
- FIG.8 (b) is a top view which shows the 2nd example of the substrate surface in which the half cut was formed.
- FIG. 9A is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the angle formed by the candidate line with respect to the crystal orientation and the crank cycle.
- FIG. 9B is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the length of the half cut and the appearance frequency of the crank shape.
- Fig.10 (a) is a top view which shows the 3rd example of the substrate surface in which the half cut was formed.
- FIG.10 (b) is a top view which shows the 4th example of the substrate surface in which the half cut was formed.
- FIG. 11A is a photograph showing an enlarged surface of a substrate on which a half cut is formed.
- FIG.11 (b) is another top view which expands and shows the substrate surface in which the half cut was formed.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the laser processing apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the laser processing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing processing for setting a reference line in the laser processing method according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 15A is a plan view showing an example of candidate lines and reference lines set in the process of FIG.
- FIG. 15B is a graph for explaining the setting of the reference line in the process of FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a plan view showing an example of a substrate surface on which marking has been performed.
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged plan view showing an example of a planned cutting line set in the street area.
- FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing processing for setting a reference line in the laser processing method according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 19A is a plan view showing an example of candidate lines and reference lines set by the processing of FIG.
- FIG. 19B is a graph illustrating the setting of the reference line in the process of FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing processing for setting a reference line in the laser processing method according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21A is a diagram illustrating an example of a processing result of the laser processing method according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 21B is a diagram illustrating another example of the processing result of the laser processing method according to the third embodiment.
- the laser beam is focused on the processing object, thereby reforming the processing object along the processing line (including the candidate line, the reference line, and the planned cutting line). Form a region.
- the processing line including the candidate line, the reference line, and the planned cutting line.
- a laser processing apparatus 100 includes a laser light source 101 that oscillates a laser beam L, a dichroic mirror 103 that is arranged to change the direction of the optical axis (optical path) of the laser beam L by 90 °, and And a condensing lens 105 for condensing the laser light L. Further, the laser processing apparatus 100 includes a support base 107 for supporting the workpiece 1 irradiated with the laser light L condensed by the condensing lens 105, and a stage 111 for moving the support base 107. , A laser light source control unit 102 for controlling the laser light source 101 to adjust the output, pulse width, pulse waveform, and the like of the laser light L, and a stage control unit 115 for controlling the movement of the stage 111.
- the laser light L emitted from the laser light source 101 is changed in the direction of its optical axis by 90 ° by the dichroic mirror 103, and is placed inside the processing object 1 placed on the support base 107.
- the light is condensed by the condensing lens 105.
- the stage 111 is moved, and the workpiece 1 is moved relative to the laser beam L along the processing line 5. Thereby, a modified region along the processing line 5 is formed on the processing target 1.
- the stage 111 is moved in order to move the laser light L relatively, but the condensing lens 105 may be moved, or both of them may be moved.
- a plate-like member for example, a substrate, a wafer, or the like
- a scheduled cutting line for cutting the workpiece 1 is set as the machining line 5 in the workpiece 1.
- the processing line 5 is a virtual line extending linearly.
- the laser beam L is processed in a state where the condensing point (condensing position) P is aligned with the inside of the workpiece 1. It moves relatively along the line 5 (that is, in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 2).
- the modified region 7 is formed on the workpiece 1 along the processing line 5.
- the processing line 5 is a cutting scheduled line
- the modified region 7 formed along the processing line 5 becomes the cutting start region 8.
- the condensing point P is a portion where the laser light L is condensed.
- the processing line 5 is not limited to a linear shape but may be a curved shape, a three-dimensional shape in which these are combined, or a coordinate designated.
- the processing line 5 is not limited to a virtual line, but may be a line actually drawn on the surface 3 of the processing object 1.
- the modified region 7 may be formed continuously or intermittently.
- the modified region 7 may be in the form of a line or a dot. In short, the modified region 7 only needs to be formed at least inside the workpiece 1.
- a crack may be formed starting from the modified region 7, and the crack and the modified region 7 may be exposed on the outer surface (front surface 3, back surface 21, or outer peripheral surface) of the workpiece 1. Good.
- the laser light incident surface when forming the modified region 7 is not limited to the front surface 3 of the workpiece 1 but may be the back surface 21 of the workpiece 1.
- the modified region 7 when the modified region 7 is formed inside the workpiece 1, the laser light L passes through the workpiece 1 and is near the condensing point P located inside the workpiece 1. Especially absorbed. Thereby, the modified region 7 is formed in the workpiece 1 (that is, internal absorption laser processing). In this case, since the laser beam L is hardly absorbed by the surface 3 of the workpiece 1, the surface 3 of the workpiece 1 is not melted. On the other hand, when the modified region 7 is formed on the surface 3 of the workpiece 1, the laser light L is absorbed particularly near the condensing point P located on the surface 3 and melted and removed from the surface 3. Then, removal portions such as holes and grooves are formed (surface absorption laser processing).
- the modified region 7 is a region where the density, refractive index, mechanical strength and other physical characteristics are different from the surroundings.
- Examples of the modified region 7 include a melt treatment region (meaning at least one of a region once solidified after melting, a region in a molten state, and a region in a state of being resolidified from melting), a crack region, and the like.
- a melt treatment region meaning at least one of a region once solidified after melting, a region in a molten state, and a region in a state of being resolidified from melting
- a crack region and the like.
- there are a dielectric breakdown region, a refractive index change region, and the like there is a region in which these are mixed.
- the modified region 7 includes a region in which the density of the modified region 7 is changed in comparison with the density of the non-modified region in the material of the workpiece 1 and a region in which lattice defects are formed (these are Collectively called high dislocation density region).
- the area where the density of the melt processing area, the refractive index changing area, the density of the modified area 7 is changed as compared with the density of the non-modified area, and the area where lattice defects are formed are further included in the interior of these areas or the modified areas.
- cracks (cracks, microcracks) are included in the interface between the region 7 and the non-modified region.
- the included crack may be formed over the entire surface of the modified region 7, or may be formed in only a part or a plurality of parts.
- the workpiece 1 includes a substrate made of a crystal material having a crystal structure.
- the workpiece 1 includes a substrate formed of at least one of gallium nitride (GaN), silicon (Si), silicon carbide (SiC), LiTaO 3 , and sapphire (Al 2 O 3 ).
- the workpiece 1 includes, for example, a gallium nitride substrate, a silicon substrate, a SiC substrate, a LiTaO 3 substrate, or a sapphire substrate.
- the crystal material may be either an anisotropic crystal or an isotropic crystal.
- the modified region 7 can be formed by forming a plurality of modified spots (processing marks) along the processing line 5.
- the modified region 7 is formed by collecting a plurality of modified spots.
- the modified spot is a modified portion formed by one pulse shot of pulsed laser light (that is, one pulse of laser irradiation: laser shot).
- Examples of the modified spot include a crack spot, a melting treatment spot, a refractive index change spot, or a mixture of at least one of these.
- the size and length of cracks to be generated are appropriately determined in consideration of the required cutting accuracy, required flatness of the cut surface, thickness, type, crystal orientation, etc. of the workpiece 1. Can be controlled.
- the modified spot can be formed as the modified region 7 along the processing line 5.
- the modified region 7 is formed along the candidate line inside the workpiece 1, and a crack (hereinafter referred to as “half cut”) reaching the front surface 3 or the back surface 21 from the modified region 7 is formed.
- half cut a crack reaching the front surface 3 or the back surface 21 from the modified region 7 is formed.
- candidate lines Form along candidate lines.
- the crystal orientation of the workpiece 1 is specified, and a reference line that is a line indicating the crystal orientation is set.
- a candidate line 5 ⁇ / b> A is set on the workpiece 1 including the crystal material substrate 12.
- the condensing point P is set inside the workpiece 1 and the laser beam L is irradiated along the candidate line 5A with the surface 12a of the substrate 12 as the laser beam incident surface.
- one or a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) modified regions 7 are formed in the substrate 12 in the thickness direction along the candidate line 5A.
- a half cut that is a surface crack from the modified region 7 to the surface 12a is generated.
- the Z direction shown in the figure is a direction corresponding to the thickness direction of the workpiece 1
- the X direction is a direction orthogonal to the Z direction
- the Y direction is a direction orthogonal to both the Z direction and the Y direction. (same as below).
- the angle deviation ⁇ which is an angle at which the extending direction of the candidate line 5A is shifted from the direction of the crystal orientation K of the substrate 12, is larger than that in the example of FIG. Is shown.
- the crystal orientation K may be the m-plane crystal orientation K.
- the half-cut Hc is swung in one direction intersecting the extension direction with respect to the extension direction of the candidate line 5A when viewed from the surface 12a.
- the shape extending to is periodically repeated.
- the half cut Hc is a shape in which a crank shape that is a deflection shape, that is, a sawtooth shape that extends incline with respect to the candidate line 5A and then bends in a direction intersecting with the candidate line 5A is periodically repeated. have.
- the degree of shake is an index value indicating the degree of shake.
- the degree of shake includes, for example, a shake cycle, a shake frequency, and a shake amount.
- the degree of runout is the crank cycle (runout cycle) that is the length (interval) in the direction along the candidate line 5A in one crank shape, and the crank shape per predetermined length of the half cut Hc. Frequency of appearance (frequency of shake).
- the crank cycle is small compared to when the angular deviation ⁇ is small, and the appearance frequency of the crank shape per predetermined length of the half cut Hc is high. Accordingly, it is found that the degree of the angle deviation ⁇ and the degree of the half cut Hc have a certain correlation. More specifically, it is found that the smaller the angle deviation ⁇ (the closer the extending direction of the candidate line 5A is to the crystal orientation K), the longer the crank cycle and the lower the appearance frequency of the crank shape.
- FIG. 9A is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the angle formed by the candidate line 5A with respect to the crystal orientation K and the crank cycle which is the degree of deflection of the half cut Hc.
- FIG. 9B is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the coordinates of the candidate line 5A and the appearance frequency of the crank shape, which is the degree of deflection of the half cut Hc.
- the inter-coordinate distance corresponding to the difference in the appearance frequency of the crank shape corresponds to the length between the cranks, that is, the crank cycle.
- the angle formed by the candidate line 5A with respect to the crystal orientation K is an angle when the angle of the standard processing line defined as a standard setting is 0 °. is there.
- the standard processing line is, for example, a line parallel to the orientation flat of the workpiece 1.
- the crank cycle here is an average value of a predetermined number of crank cycles.
- the crank cycle is shown as a relative value with reference to a certain crank cycle.
- the crank cycle is changed by changing the angle of the candidate line 5A.
- the angle of the candidate line 5A and the crank cycle have an inversely proportional relationship.
- the optimum angle of the candidate line 5A is ⁇ 0.05 °.
- the direction rotated by ⁇ 0.05 ° from the direction of the standard processing line can be specified as the crystal orientation K, and the standard processing line is set to ⁇ 0.
- Candidate line 5A rotated by .05 ° can be set as reference line 5B.
- FIG. 10 (a) and 10 (b) are diagrams showing another example of the half cut Hc viewed from the surface 12a.
- the direction of the angle deviation ⁇ with respect to the candidate line 5A is different from each other.
- the crank shape of the half-cut Hc has a shape extending inclined to one side of the candidate line 5A.
- the direction of the crystal orientation K is inclined to the one side with respect to the candidate line 5A.
- FIG. 10B when the crank shape of the half-cut Hc has a shape extending inclined to the other side of the candidate line 5A, the direction of the crystal orientation K is relative to the candidate line 5A. It is inclined to the other side.
- FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B are enlarged photographic views showing examples of the half cut Hc viewed from the surface 12a.
- the substrate 12 is a SiC substrate, and a street region 17 described later is shown.
- the candidate line 5A is set on the street area 17 in parallel with the extending direction of the street area 17.
- the half cut Hc shown in FIG. 11A has a shape in which the crank shape extends upward with respect to the candidate line 5A.
- the direction of the crystal orientation K has a counterclockwise angular deviation ⁇ with respect to the candidate line 5A when viewed from the surface 12a.
- the half cut Hc shown in FIG. 11B has a shape in which the crank shape extends downward with respect to the candidate line 5A.
- the direction of the crystal orientation K has a clockwise angle deviation ⁇ with respect to the candidate line 5A when viewed from the surface 12a.
- candidate lines with the smallest degree of fluctuation of the half cut Hc (for example, the crank cycle is the largest or the appearance frequency of the crank shape is the smallest).
- the direction of 5A can be specified as the crystal orientation K.
- the candidate line 5A can be set as a reference line 5B indicating the direction of the crystal orientation K.
- the direction of the searched candidate line 5A can be specified as the crystal orientation K.
- the candidate line 5A can be set as the reference line 5B.
- the direction of the angle of the crystal orientation K with respect to the candidate line 5A can be specified from the direction of deflection of the half-cut Hc (the crank shape inclination direction with respect to the candidate line 5A). In other words, whether the angle deviation ⁇ of the crystal orientation K with respect to the candidate line 5A is in the positive direction or the negative direction based on whether the half-cut Hc is upside down or downside with respect to the candidate line 5A. Can be identified.
- the laser processing apparatus 300 condenses the laser beam L on the processing target 1 to modify the processing target 1 along the processing line 5 (including the candidate line 5A, the reference line 5B, and the planned cutting line 5C). Region 7 is formed. Further, the laser processing apparatus 300 performs marking to form the marks M that are a plurality of dents along the processing line 5 by condensing the laser light L on the surface 12a of the substrate 12 in the processing target 1 ( (See FIG. 16). A plurality of marks M along the processing line 5 are arranged along the processing line 5 at intervals corresponding to, for example, a pulse pitch (relative speed of the pulse laser light with respect to the processing target 1 / repetition cycle of the pulse laser light). . The plurality of marks M are reference marks indicating the crystal orientation K. The mark M here is constituted by a modified spot (modified region 7) formed so as to be exposed on the surface 12a.
- the laser processing apparatus 300 includes a laser light source 202, a condensing optical system 204, and a surface observation unit (imaging unit) 211.
- the laser light source 202, the condensing optical system 204, and the surface observation unit 211 are provided in the housing 231.
- the laser light source 202 emits laser light L having a wavelength that is transmitted through the workpiece 1. Examples of the wavelength include 532 nm to 1500 nm.
- the laser light source 202 is, for example, a fiber laser or a solid laser.
- the condensing optical system 204 condenses the laser light L emitted from the laser light source 202 inside the workpiece 1.
- the condensing optical system 204 includes a plurality of lenses.
- the condensing optical system 204 is installed on the bottom plate 233 of the housing 231 via a drive unit 232 configured to include a piezoelectric element and the like.
- the laser light L emitted from the laser light source 202 sequentially passes through the dichroic mirrors 210 and 238, enters the condensing optical system 204, and is processed on the support base 107 on the stage 111.
- the light is condensed in the object 1 by the condensing optical system 204.
- the surface observation unit 211 observes the laser light incident surface of the workpiece 1.
- the surface observation unit 211 images the surface 12 a of the substrate 12 in the workpiece 1 supported by the support base 107.
- the surface observation unit 211 has an observation light source 211a and a detector 211b.
- the observation light source 211a emits visible light VL1.
- the observation light source 211a is not particularly limited, and a known light source can be used.
- the detector 211b detects the reflected light VL2 of the visible light VL1 reflected by the laser light incident surface of the workpiece 1 and acquires an image of the surface 12a (hereinafter simply referred to as “surface image”).
- the detector 211b acquires a surface image including the half cut Hc.
- the detector 211b acquires a surface image including a plurality of marks M.
- the detector 211b is not particularly limited, and a known imaging device such as a camera can be used.
- the visible light VL 1 emitted from the observation light source 211 a is reflected or transmitted by the mirror 208 and the dichroic mirrors 209, 210, and 238 and collected toward the workpiece 1 by the condensing optical system 204.
- the reflected light VL2 reflected by the laser light incident surface of the workpiece 1 is condensed by the condensing optical system 204 and transmitted or reflected by the dichroic mirrors 238 and 210, and then transmitted by the dichroic mirror 209.
- Light is received by the detector 211b.
- the laser processing apparatus 300 includes a display unit 240 that displays a surface image captured by the surface observation unit 211, and a control unit 250 that controls the laser processing apparatus 300.
- a display unit 240 that displays a surface image captured by the surface observation unit 211
- a control unit 250 that controls the laser processing apparatus 300.
- the display unit 240 a monitor or the like can be used.
- the control unit 250 includes, for example, a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, and the like.
- the control unit 250 controls the laser light source 202 and adjusts the output, pulse width, and the like of the laser light L emitted from the laser light source 202.
- the control unit 250 controls at least one of the position of the housing 231, the stage 111 (the support base 107), and the drive of the drive unit 232, and the condensing point P of the laser light L. Is positioned on the front surface 3 (front surface 12a) of the workpiece 1 or positioned at a position within a predetermined distance from the front surface 3 (or the back surface 21).
- the control unit 250 controls at least one of the housing 231, the position of the stage 111, and the drive of the drive unit 232, so that the light condensing point P is relative to the processing line 5. Move.
- the control unit 250 sets a plurality of candidate lines 5A extending in different directions for the workpiece 1.
- the control unit 250 includes the stage 111 (support base 107) and the laser light source 202 so that the modified region 7 and the half cut Hc are formed in the substrate 12 along each of the plurality of candidate lines 5A. And at least one operation of the drive unit 232 (the condensing optical system 204) is controlled.
- the control unit 250 controls the operation of the surface observation unit 211 to capture a surface image.
- the control unit 250 determines the reference line 5B based on the surface image captured by the surface observation unit 211, and sets the reference line 5B for the workpiece 1. Specifically, image recognition processing is performed on a plurality of surface images including the half-cut Hc, and the candidate line 5A having the smallest degree of shake of the half-cut Hc among the predetermined number of candidate lines 5A is selected as the crystal orientation K of the substrate 12. Is set for the workpiece 1 as a reference line 5B.
- the crank cycle of each of the plurality of half cuts Hc is recognized from the surface image, and the candidate line 5A corresponding to the half cut Hc having the largest crank cycle is set as the reference line 5B.
- the image recognition process performed by the control unit 250 is not particularly limited, and a known image recognition process such as pattern recognition can be employed.
- the controller 250 controls at least one operation of the stage 111, the laser light source 202, and the drive unit 232 so that a plurality of marks M (see FIG. 16) are formed on the workpiece 1 along the reference line 5B. .
- the control unit 250 performs image recognition processing on the surface image including the plurality of marks M and recognizes the direction in which the marks M are arranged side by side.
- the control unit 250 identifies the crystal orientation K based on the recognized alignment direction of the marks M, and aligns the planned cutting line 5C. For example, the control unit 250 sets the scheduled cutting line 5C or changes the existing scheduled cutting line 5C so as to be parallel to the parallel arrangement direction of the marks M (so as to be parallel to the crystal orientation K).
- the control unit 250 sets a planned cutting line 5C passing through a street area 17 described later of the workpiece 1.
- the control unit 250 converts the planned cutting line 5C parallel to the crystal orientation K and inclined with respect to the extending direction of the street region 17 to be processed. Set to object 1.
- the laser processing method of this embodiment is used in a manufacturing method for manufacturing a semiconductor chip such as a light emitting diode, for example.
- the processing object cutting method according to the present embodiment, first, the processing object 1 is prepared.
- the workpiece 1 is a bare wafer and includes a substrate 12.
- the substrate 12 is provided with an orientation flat OF.
- the substrate 12 has, on the surface 12a, a non-effective area 16x provided at the outer edge and an effective area 16y provided inside the non-effective area 16x.
- the effective region 16y is a region where a functional element layer 15 described later is provided.
- the ineffective area 16x is an area where the functional element layer 15 is not provided.
- the reference line 5B is set on the workpiece 1 (S10).
- the substrate 12 is placed on the support base 107 of the stage 111.
- the control unit 250 sets the candidate line 5A parallel to the orientation flat OF (or inclined by the reference angle in the ⁇ direction) as a standard processing line (S11).
- the control unit 250 changes the angle of the candidate line 5A in the ⁇ direction so as to shift the specified angle in the ⁇ direction with respect to the standard processing line (S12).
- the ⁇ direction is a rotational direction with the Z direction as an axial direction.
- the reference angle and the specified angle are predetermined angles set in advance, and are not particularly limited. For example, the reference angle and the specified angle can be obtained from the specification or state of the substrate 12.
- the laser beam L is condensed inside the substrate 12 one or more times along the candidate line 5A in the non-effective region 16x, and one or more rows are scanned inside the substrate 12 in the non-effective region 16x.
- a modified region 7 is formed.
- the half cut Hc reaching the surface 12a of the substrate 12 in the ineffective area 16x is formed along the candidate line 5A (S13).
- scanning of the laser beam L a plurality of times scanning of the laser beam L in the same direction (so-called one-way processing) is repeated a plurality of times.
- the surface image including the half cut Hc is captured by the surface observation unit 211 and stored in the storage unit (ROM or RAM) of the control unit 250.
- the laser beam L may be scanned (so-called reciprocating processing) so as to reciprocate along the candidate line 5A.
- the laser processing according to S12 and S13 is repeatedly executed until the number of times of processing reaches a predetermined number of times set in advance (here, 5 times) (S14).
- a predetermined number of times set in advance here, 5 times
- the angle is changed so that the angles of the candidate lines 5A in the ⁇ direction are not the same, and as a result, a predetermined number of candidate lines 5A extending in different predetermined directions are set.
- the controller 250 performs image recognition processing on the stored plurality of surface images, recognizes and evaluates the state of each of the plurality of half cuts Hc (S15).
- the control unit 250 selects the half-cut Hc having the longest crank period among the plurality of recognized crank periods.
- the control unit 250 selects the candidate line 5A along the half cut Hc having the longest crank cycle from the plurality of candidate lines 5A (S16).
- the control unit 250 sets the selected candidate line 5A as the reference line 5B indicating the crystal orientation K of the substrate 12 on the workpiece 1 (S17).
- the set direction of the reference line 5B (crystal orientation K) is stored in the storage unit of the control unit 250.
- the candidate line 5G having the longest crank cycle is selected among the five candidate lines 5A set in the ineffective area 16x.
- the direction of the candidate line 5G is determined as the crystal orientation K
- the reference line 5B parallel to the candidate line 5G is set in the ineffective area 16x.
- the direction of the reference line 5B can be expressed as an angle (optimal angle) in the ⁇ direction from the parallel direction of the orientation flat OF.
- the reference line 5B is a line extending in the ⁇ direction by an optimum angle from the parallel direction of the orientation flat OF in the ineffective area 16x.
- a plurality of marks M arranged along the reference line 5B are marked on the surface 12a of the substrate 12 (S20).
- scanning is performed while condensing the laser beam L on the surface 12a of the substrate 12 along the reference line 5B in the non-effective region 16x, and along the reference line 5B on the surface 12a of the substrate 12 in the non-effective region 16x.
- a plurality of marks M are formed (see FIG. 16).
- the functional element layer 15 includes a plurality of functional elements 15a (for example, a light receiving element such as a photodiode, a light emitting element such as a laser diode, or a circuit element formed as a circuit) arranged in a matrix in the effective region 16y of the surface 12a. ) Is included.
- a street region (dicing street) 17 is formed between the adjacent functional elements 15a.
- the functional element layer 15 is formed based on the orientation flat OF. Specifically, a plurality of functional elements 15a arranged in the parallel direction and the vertical direction of the orientation flat OF are arranged on the effective region 16y of the surface 12a. A grid-like street region 17 extending in the parallel direction and the vertical direction of the orientation flat OF is formed between the plurality of functional elements 15a.
- the surface observation unit 211 captures a surface image including a plurality of marks M.
- the controller 250 recognizes the arrangement direction of the plurality of marks M from the surface image.
- the controller 250 identifies the juxtaposed direction of the plurality of marks M as the crystal orientation K.
- the planned cutting line 5C that is parallel to the parallel direction of the mark M and passes through the street region 17 and the planned cutting line 5C that is orthogonal to the parallel direction of the mark M and passes through the street region 17 are Set (S40).
- the lattice-shaped cutting line 5C passing through the street region 17 between the plurality of functional elements 15a is set by adjusting the angle in the ⁇ direction so as to extend along the parallel direction and the orthogonal direction of the specified crystal orientation K. To do.
- FIG. 17 is an enlarged plan view showing the functional element layer 15.
- the planned cutting line 5 ⁇ / b> C is set so as to pass through the street region 17 of the workpiece 1.
- the planned cutting line 5 ⁇ / b> C is set along the parallel direction and the orthogonal direction of the crystal orientation K in the street region 17.
- the extending direction of the street region 17 (the direction in which the functional elements 15a are arranged) does not coincide with the crystal orientation K.
- the planned cutting line 5C passing through the street region 17 is set so as to be inclined with respect to the extending direction of the street region 17 as viewed from the Z direction and parallel to the crystal orientation K.
- the cutting line 5C passing through the street region 17 is set so as to be inclined with respect to the extending direction of the street region 17 when viewed from the Z direction and to be perpendicular to the crystal orientation K.
- the workpiece 1 is cut along the planned cutting line 5C to form a plurality of semiconductor chips (for example, memory, IC, light emitting element, light receiving element, etc.) (S50).
- the laser beam L is condensed inside the workpiece 1 and scanned along the planned cutting line 5C one or more times. Accordingly, one or a plurality of rows of modified regions 7 are formed inside the workpiece 1 along the planned cutting line 5C. Then, by expanding the expanded tape, the workpiece 1 is cut along the planned cutting line 5C using the modified region 7 as a starting point of cutting, and separated from each other as a plurality of semiconductor chips.
- the number of steps appearing on the cut surface of the workpiece 1 cut along the processing line 5 is the degree of deflection of the half cut Hc that occurs when the modified region 7 is formed along the processing line 5. It is found that the larger the larger.
- the reference line 5B is set for the workpiece 1 based on the surface image including the half cut Hc along each of the plurality of candidate lines 5A extending in different directions. Is done.
- the orientation flat OF and the crystal orientation K may be shifted by about 1 ° at the maximum. Therefore, the present embodiment having the above-described effects is particularly effective as compared with the case where the planned cutting line 5C is set in parallel with the orientation flat OF.
- control unit 250 sets a predetermined number of candidate lines 5A extending in different predetermined directions, and selects a candidate line 5A with the smallest degree of deflection of the half-cut Hc from the predetermined number of candidate lines 5A.
- the controller 250 sets a predetermined number of candidate lines 5A extending in different predetermined directions with respect to the substrate 12 by using the orientation flat OF provided in the workpiece 1 as a reference. That is, a standard processing line parallel to the orientation flat OF is set, and a predetermined number of candidate lines 5A are set based on the standard processing line. Thereby, it can suppress that the setting of 5 A of candidate lines varies for every process target object 1.
- FIG. when the coincidence accuracy between the direction of the orientation flat OF and the direction of the crystal orientation K is high, it is effective to finely adjust the setting of the plurality of candidate lines 5A from the standard processing line. Furthermore, it is effective when mass-producing chips from the workpiece 1.
- the present embodiment includes a display unit 260 that displays a surface image captured by the surface observation unit 211. As a result, the operator can check the state of the half-cut Hc and the like.
- a plurality of marks M are formed on the workpiece 1 along the reference line 5B. Thereby, it is possible to set the planned cutting line 5 ⁇ / b> C extending in the direction parallel to the reference line 5 ⁇ / b> B with respect to the workpiece 1 using the plurality of marks M as a reference.
- a planned cutting line 5C extending in a direction parallel to the reference line 5B is set for the workpiece 1, and the modified region 7 is formed inside the substrate 12 along the planned cutting line 5C.
- the candidate line 5A and the reference line 5B are set in the ineffective area 16x of the substrate 12, and a plurality of marks M are formed on the surface 12a in the ineffective area 16x of the substrate 12.
- the candidate line 5A and the reference line 5B may be set in the ineffective area 16x.
- the plurality of marks M may be formed in the effective area 16y.
- the laser beam L when forming a plurality of modified regions 7 along the candidate line 5A to form the half cut Hc, the laser beam L is not scanned so as to reciprocate along the candidate line 5A.
- the scanning of the laser beam L in the same direction is repeated a plurality of times.
- the half cut Hc from the modified region 7 can suitably reach the surface 12a, and the runout (crank shape) of the half cut Hc can be remarkably generated.
- a plurality of marks M arranged along the reference line 5B are formed as the reference marks, but the reference marks to be formed are not particularly limited.
- a new orientation flat (a plane formed on a part of the outer peripheral surface of the substrate 12) different from the orientation flat OF may be provided as a reference mark in parallel with the reference line 5B.
- a surface cut using the half cut Hc of the optimal candidate line 5A may be a new orientation flat as a reference mark.
- a modified region 7 is formed inside the workpiece 1 along the reference line 5B by irradiation with the laser light L, and the surface cut using the modified region 7 as a starting point of cutting is used as a new orientation flat as a reference mark. It is good.
- various well-known processing methods can be employ
- the fiducial mark may be a crack that reaches the surface 12 a from the modified region 7 in the substrate 12.
- the reference mark may be configured by a shape indicating a crystal orientation (including a two-dimensional shape and a three-dimensional shape), a pattern, a color, a display, a one-dimensional code, a two-dimensional code, or a combination thereof.
- the reference mark may be a marking line formed along the reference line 5B.
- the controller 250 performs image recognition processing on the surface image of the substrate 12 and automatically recognizes the degree of shake of the half-cut Hc.
- the operator can visually recognize the surface image displayed on the display unit 240 or visually.
- the degree of deflection of the half cut Hc may be recognized.
- the operator sets the reference line 5B on the workpiece 1 by performing an operation of setting the reference line 5B based on the degree of deflection of the half cut Hc. May be.
- the controller 250 performs image recognition processing on the surface image of the substrate 12 and automatically recognizes the plurality of marks M.
- the operator recognizes the plurality of marks from the surface image displayed on the display unit 240 or visually. M may be recognized.
- the operator performs an operation of setting the planned cutting line 5C parallel to the direction in which the plurality of marks M are arranged in parallel. It may be set to 1.
- the functional element layer 15 is formed on the basis of the orientation flat OF in the above-described S30 for forming the functional element layer 15 on the surface 12a of the substrate 12.
- the functional element layer 15 is formed on the basis of the plurality of marks M. It may be formed. Specifically, a plurality of functional elements 15a arranged in the juxtaposition direction of the plurality of marks M and in the vertical direction thereof are arranged in the effective region 16y of the surface 12a, and the lattice extends in the juxtaposition direction of the plurality of marks M and the vertical direction thereof.
- a shaped street region 17 may be formed between the plurality of functional elements 15a. As a result, the plurality of functional elements 15 a and the street region 17 can be accurately arranged along the crystal orientation K.
- the above-described S30 for forming the functional element layer 15 is performed after the above-described S20 for marking the substrate 12; however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the processing target in which the functional element 15a is formed in advance on the substrate 12 is implemented.
- Object 1 (so-called device-formed wafer) may be used. That is, after S10 in which the functional element 15a sets the reference line 5B for the workpiece 1 formed in advance on the substrate 12, the S20 for marking is performed, and the line to be cut is set as it is in S40. May be implemented. In this case, the scheduled cutting line 5C may be set so as to be parallel to the set reference line 5B in S40, without performing S20 for marking.
- the control unit 250 sets the plurality of candidate lines 5A as the processing object 1 until the degree of shake of the half cut Hc falls within a predetermined range based on the surface image captured by the surface observation unit 211. Set sequentially.
- the control unit 250 sets the candidate line 5A in which the degree of deflection of the half cut Hc is within a predetermined range for the workpiece 1 as the reference line 5B.
- the candidate line 5A along which the half cut Hc whose crank cycle is equal to or greater than the threshold is set as the reference line 5B.
- the laser processing method according to the second embodiment sets the reference line 5B in S10 as follows. That is, first, the substrate 12 is placed on the support base 107 of the stage 111. A candidate line 5A that is parallel to the orientation flat OF (or inclined by a reference angle in the ⁇ direction) is set as a standard processing line (S61).
- the laser beam L is condensed one or more times along the candidate line 5A of the ineffective area 16x while condensing the laser light L inside the substrate 12, and one or more rows are arranged inside the substrate 12 in the ineffective area 16x.
- a modified region 7 is formed.
- the half cut Hc reaching the surface 12a of the substrate 12 in the ineffective area 16x is formed along the candidate line 5A (S62).
- the surface image including the half cut Hc is captured by the surface observation unit 211 and stored in the storage unit (ROM or RAM) of the control unit 250.
- the controller 250 performs image recognition processing on the stored surface image, and recognizes and evaluates the state of the half-cut Hc (S63). It is determined whether or not the crank cycle of the half cut Hc is greater than or equal to a threshold value (S64). If NO in S64 (when the crank cycle is smaller than the threshold value), the angle of the candidate line 5A in the ⁇ direction is changed according to the recognition result, and a new candidate line 5A is set (S65).
- the orientation in the ⁇ direction (whether positive or negative) in which the candidate line 5A rotates in the direction of deflection of the half cut Hc in plan view is obtained as the designated rotational direction.
- a designated rotation angle is obtained from a crank cycle of the half cut Hc using a preset data function or data table.
- the angle of the candidate line 5A in the ⁇ direction is changed so that the specified angle is shifted in the specified rotation direction.
- the threshold value can be set based on the crank cycle when the angle deviation ⁇ between the direction of the crystal orientation K and the direction of the candidate line 5A is sufficiently small.
- the data function or data table is data relating to the correlation 66 (see FIG. 19B) between the angle formed by the candidate line 5A with respect to the crystal orientation K and the crank cycle (degree of deflection of the half cut Hc).
- the threshold value and the data function or data table are stored in the storage unit (ROM) of the control unit 250.
- rotating the machining line 5 to the crank-shaped swing side in the ⁇ direction is synonymous with rotating the workpiece 1 to the opposite side of the crank-shaped swing side in the ⁇ direction.
- the current candidate line 5A is set as the reference line 5B, and the direction of the set reference line 5B is stored in the storage unit of the control unit 250 as the crystal orientation K. (S66).
- the first is a laser processing along the candidate line 5A 1, the half-cut Hc is formed. Crank cycle C 1 of the half-cut Hc from smaller than the threshold value alpha, the candidate line 5A 2 is newly set. Subsequently, a laser processing along the candidate line 5A 2, the half-cut Hc is formed. Crank cycle C 2 of the half-cut Hc is because still smaller than the threshold value alpha, the candidate line 5A 3 is newly set. Subsequently, a laser processing along the candidate line 5A 3, the half-cut Hc is formed. Crank cycle C 3 of the half-cut Hc is equal to or larger than the threshold alpha.
- the candidate line 5A 3 is set as a reference line 5B. Thereafter, in 20 above, a plurality of marks M are formed along the reference line 5B.
- the plurality of candidate lines 5A are sequentially arranged with respect to the workpiece 1 until the degree of deflection of the half-cut Hc falls within a predetermined range by the control unit 250 (here, the crank cycle becomes the threshold value ⁇ ).
- the candidate line 5A in which the degree of deflection of the half cut Hc falls within a predetermined range is set as the reference line 5B.
- the setting of the reference line 5B for the workpiece 1 can be performed with a desired accuracy. For example, by setting the threshold value ⁇ to a value corresponding to the case where the crystal orientation K matches the direction of the candidate line 5A, high coincidence accuracy between the crystal orientation K and the reference line 5B can be realized.
- the control unit 250 sets the first candidate line 5 ⁇ / b> A 1 for the workpiece 1 with the orientation flat OF provided on the workpiece 1 as a reference.
- it sets the candidate line 5A 1 based on the standard processing line. In this case, it is possible to suppress the setting of the candidate line 5 ⁇ / b> A from being varied for each workpiece 1.
- the control unit 250 of the present embodiment includes a storage unit that stores a correlation 66 (data function or data table) between the angle formed by the candidate line 5A with respect to the crystal orientation K and the degree of deflection of the half-cut Hc. Yes.
- a correlation 66 data function or data table
- the correlation 66 can be used as an index.
- the number of candidate lines 5A that are sequentially set before the reference line 5B is set can be reduced.
- the control unit 250 processes a plurality of candidate lines 5A having different line rotation angles (hereinafter simply referred to as “line rotation angles”) that are ⁇ direction angles with respect to a preset reference direction.
- line rotation angles are ⁇ direction angles with respect to a preset reference direction.
- the reference direction here is a direction along the standard processing line, and is a direction parallel to the orientation flat OF (or inclined by a reference angle in the ⁇ direction).
- the control unit 250 detects an inclination direction in which the half cut (crack) Hc of each of the plurality of candidate lines 5A is inclined with respect to the candidate line 5A.
- the inclination direction thereof corresponds to the plurality of candidate lines 5A. Whether one side or the other side (opposite side of one side) is detected.
- the inclination direction is the direction of the angle deviation ⁇ with respect to the candidate line 5A.
- the case where the half cut Hc extends along the left-right direction is referred to as “upper side” when the half cut Hc extends upward, and the half cut Hc extends while extending downward. It may be “lower”.
- the inclination direction of the half cut Hc does not depend on whether or not the half cut Hc has a crank shape. That is, the half cut Hc may incline without having a crank shape.
- the control unit 250 detects the first candidate line of the plurality of candidate lines 5A where the inclination direction of the half cut Hc is one side of the candidate line 5A and the line rotation angle is the largest (or smallest).
- the control unit 250 detects a second candidate line of the plurality of candidate lines 5A where the inclination direction of the half cut Hc is the other side of the candidate line 5A and the line rotation angle is the smallest (or largest). That is, the control unit 250 detects the candidate line 5A immediately before the inclination direction of the half cut Hc is reversed as the first candidate line when searching for the plurality of candidate lines 5A in order of increasing or decreasing line rotation angle, The immediately following candidate line 5A is detected as the second candidate line.
- the control part 250 sets the reference line 5B to the process target object 1 based on a 1st candidate line and a 2nd candidate line. Specifically, if the angle formed with respect to the reference direction of the first candidate line is the first line rotation angle and the angle formed with respect to the reference direction of the second candidate line is the second line rotation angle, the control unit 250 The candidate line 5A having the line rotation angle between the first line rotation angle and the second line rotation angle is set as the reference line 5B. In other words, the candidate line 5A having a line rotation angle larger (or smaller) than the first candidate line and smaller (or larger) than the second candidate line is set as the reference line 5B.
- the control unit 250 when there is no candidate line 5A in which the angle between the first and second line rotation angles is a line rotation angle, the control unit 250 is set to the reference direction by the angle between the first and second line rotation angles. An inclined line may be newly obtained, and this line may be set as the reference line 5B.
- the controller 250 may appropriately set any one of the plurality of candidate lines 5A as the reference line 5B.
- the controller 250 may set a candidate line 5A in which the half cut Hc is not inclined among the plurality of candidate lines 5A as the reference line 5B.
- the laser processing method according to the third embodiment sets the reference line 5B in S10 as follows. That is, first, the substrate 12 is placed on the support base 107 of the stage 111. A plurality of candidate lines 5A having different line rotation angles are set for the workpiece 1 (S31).
- the laser beam L is condensed inside the substrate 12 one or more times along the plurality of candidate lines 5 ⁇ / b> A to form one or more rows of modified regions 7 inside the substrate 12.
- a half cut Hc reaching the surface 12a of the substrate 12 is formed along each of the plurality of candidate lines 5A (S32).
- the surface image including the half cut Hc is captured by the surface observation unit 211 and stored in the storage unit (ROM or RAM) of the control unit 250.
- the controller 250 performs image recognition processing on the stored surface image, and whether or not the half-cut Hc of each of the plurality of candidate lines 5A is inclined with respect to the candidate line 5A and the case where the half-cut Hc is inclined.
- An inclination direction is detected (S33).
- the control unit 250 identifies the first candidate line and the second candidate line from among the plurality of candidate lines 5A, and selects the candidate line 5A based on the first and second candidate lines. Specifically, the candidate line 5A corresponding to the line rotation angle between the first and second line rotation angles is selected (S34).
- the selected candidate line 5A is set as the reference line 5B, and the direction of the set reference line 5B is stored in the storage unit of the control unit 250 as the crystal orientation K (S35).
- FIG. 21A is a diagram showing an example of the processing result of the laser processing method according to the third embodiment.
- the distance (the closest distance) between the plurality of candidate lines 5A is 100 ⁇ m.
- the output of the laser beam L is 3.5 ⁇ J.
- the inclination direction of the half cut Hc is on the upper side when the line rotation angle is 0 deg to 0.024 deg, is not inclined on 0.025 deg, and is inverted on the lower side with 0.026 deg. , 0.026 deg to 0.04 deg.
- the half cut Hc with the line rotation angle of 0.02 deg to 0.026 deg does not include a crank shape.
- a candidate line 5A having a line rotation angle of 0.025 deg is set as the reference line 5B. That is, the direction of the candidate line 5A with the line rotation angle of 0.025 deg corresponds to the optimum angle (crystal orientation K).
- the candidate line 5A whose line rotation angle is 0.024 deg is the first candidate line (or the second candidate line), and the candidate line 5A whose line rotation angle is 0.026 deg is the second candidate line (or the second candidate line). 1 candidate line).
- FIG. 21B is a diagram illustrating another example of the processing result of the laser processing method according to the third embodiment.
- the distance (the closest approach distance) between the plurality of candidate lines 5A is 50 ⁇ m.
- the output of the laser beam L is 4.5 ⁇ J, which is higher than the output of the laser processing method in FIG.
- the inclination direction of the half cut Hc is the upper side when the line rotation angle is 0 deg to 0.024 deg, is not inclined at 0.025 deg, and is inverted at the lower side of 0.026 deg It is the lower side at 0.026 deg to 0.04 deg.
- the half cut Hc with the line rotation angle of 0.023 deg to 0.026 deg does not include a crank shape.
- a candidate line 5A having a line rotation angle of 0.025 deg is set as the reference line 5B. That is, the direction of the candidate line 5A with the line rotation angle of 0.025 deg corresponds to the optimum angle (crystal orientation K).
- the candidate line 5A having a line rotation angle of 0.024 deg is the first candidate line (or the second candidate line), and the candidate line 5A having a line rotation angle of 0.026 deg is the second candidate line ( Or a first candidate line).
- the cutting planned line 5C is set with respect to the crystal orientation K of the substrate 12 of the workpiece 1 to be set. It is also found that the angle between the line rotation angle of the first candidate line and the line rotation angle of the second candidate line corresponds to the crystal orientation K of the substrate 12. Therefore, by setting the reference line 5B, which is a line indicating the crystal orientation K of the substrate 12, based on the first and second candidate lines, the reference line 5B can be set with high accuracy (with 0.001 deg accuracy).
- This embodiment can cope with a case where the half cut Hc does not have a crank shape (that is, a shape of runout that is periodically repeated).
- the reference line 5B can be set with high accuracy.
- the control unit 250 confirms (determines) that at least one of the plurality of half cuts Hc of the plurality of candidate lines 5A does not have a crank shape after the above S32, and when the crank shape does not have, The above S33 to S35 may be performed.
- the same processing as in the first embodiment or the second embodiment may be performed without performing the above-described S33 to S35.
- this embodiment may be implemented when at least one of the plurality of half cuts Hc does not have a crank shape in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
- the processed object 1 is cut along the scheduled cutting line 5C by forming the modified region 7 inside the processed object 1 along the scheduled cutting line 5C.
- the cutting process and configuration are not particularly limited.
- a process and a configuration for cutting the workpiece 1 by performing blade dicing with a dicing blade along the planned cutting line 5C may be provided.
- FIG. Any known process and configuration (apparatus) can be employed as long as the workpiece 1 can be cut along the cutting line 5C.
- the “laser light incident surface” is the front surface 3 (front surface 12a) and the “opposite surface of the laser light incident surface” is the back surface 21, but when the back surface 21 is the “laser light incident surface”, The surface 3 becomes the “opposite surface of the laser light incident surface”.
- the “match” includes not only perfect match but also approximate match.
- the “match” includes a design error, a manufacturing error, and a measurement error.
- One aspect of the present invention can also be regarded as a chip manufactured by the laser processing apparatus or the laser processing method.
- One aspect of the present invention may be applied only when the processing line 5 is set along a direction parallel to the orientation flat OF, or when the processing line 5 is set along a direction perpendicular to the orientation flat OF. It may be applied only to. Furthermore, one aspect of the present invention may be applied in the case where the processing line 5 is set along a direction parallel to and perpendicular to the orientation flat OF.
- the control unit 250 configures a candidate line setting unit, an operation control unit, a reference line setting unit, a scheduled cutting line setting unit, and a storage unit.
- a laser processing apparatus and a laser processing method capable of suppressing the setting of a cutting line to be shifted with respect to the crystal orientation of the substrate of the workpiece.
Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 結晶材料からなる基板を含む加工対象物を支持する支持台と、
レーザ光を出射するレーザ光源と、
前記レーザ光源から出射された前記レーザ光を、前記支持台に支持された前記加工対象物に集光する集光光学系と、
前記支持台に支持された前記加工対象物の表面を撮像する撮像部と、
互いに異なる方向に延在する複数の候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定する候補ライン設定部と、
複数の前記候補ラインのそれぞれに沿って、前記基板の内部に改質領域が形成され、且つ前記改質領域から前記加工対象物の前記表面に亀裂が到達するように、前記支持台、前記レーザ光源及び前記集光光学系の少なくとも1つの動作を制御する動作制御部と、
前記撮像部によって撮像された前記亀裂の画像に基づいて前記基板の結晶方位を示すラインとして決定された基準ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定する基準ライン設定部と、を備える、レーザ加工装置。 - 前記候補ライン設定部は、互いに異なる所定方向に延在する所定本数の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定し、
前記基準ライン設定部は、所定本数の前記候補ラインのうち前記亀裂の振れの度合が最も小さい前記候補ラインを前記基準ラインとして前記加工対象物に対して設定する、請求項1記載のレーザ加工装置。 - 前記候補ライン設定部は、前記加工対象物に設けられたオリエンテーションフラットを基準として、互いに異なる所定方向に延在する所定本数の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定する、請求項2記載のレーザ加工装置。
- 前記候補ライン設定部は、前記撮像部によって撮像された前記亀裂の画像に基づいて、前記亀裂の振れの度合が所定範囲内に収まるまで、複数の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して順次に設定し、
前記基準ライン設定部は、前記亀裂の振れの度合が所定範囲内に収まった前記候補ラインを前記基準ラインとして前記加工対象物に対して設定する、請求項1記載のレーザ加工装置。 - 前記候補ライン設定部は、前記加工対象物に設けられたオリエンテーションフラットを基準として、最初の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定する、請求項4記載のレーザ加工装置。
- 前記結晶方位に対して前記候補ラインが成す角度と前記亀裂の振れの度合との関係を予め記憶している記憶部を更に備える、請求項4又は5記載のレーザ加工装置。
- 前記候補ライン設定部は、
基準方向に対して成す角度が互いに異なる複数の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定し、
前記基準ライン設定部は、
複数の前記候補ラインそれぞれの前記亀裂が当該候補ラインに対して傾斜する傾斜方向を検出し、
複数の前記候補ラインのうち、前記亀裂の傾斜方向が当該候補ラインの一方側で且つ前記基準方向に対して成す角度が最も大きい又は小さい第1候補ラインと、前記亀裂の傾斜方向が当該候補ラインの他方側で且つ前記基準方向に対して成す角度が最も小さい又は大きい第2候補ラインと、に基づいて、前記基準ラインを前記加工対象物に設定する、請求項1~6の何れか一項記載のレーザ加工装置。 - 前記撮像部によって撮像された前記亀裂の画像を表示する表示部を更に備える、請求項1~7のいずれか一項記載のレーザ加工装置。
- 前記動作制御部は、前記基準ライン設定部によって設定された前記基準ラインに沿って、前記結晶方位を示す基準マークが前記加工対象物に形成されるように、前記支持台、前記レーザ光源及び前記集光光学系の少なくとも1つの動作を制御する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載のレーザ加工装置。
- 前記基準ライン設定部によって設定された前記基準ラインに平行な方向に延在する切断予定ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定する切断予定ライン設定部を更に備え、
前記動作制御部は、前記切断予定ライン設定部によって設定された前記切断予定ラインに沿って、前記基板の内部に前記改質領域が形成されるように、前記支持台、前記レーザ光源及び前記集光光学系の少なくとも1つの動作を制御する、請求項1~9のいずれか一項記載のレーザ加工装置。 - 結晶材料からなる基板を含む加工対象物に対して、互いに異なる方向に延在する複数の候補ラインを設定する第1工程と、
複数の前記候補ラインのそれぞれに沿って、前記基板の内部に改質領域が形成され、且つ前記改質領域から前記加工対象物の表面に亀裂が到達するように、レーザ光を前記加工対象物に集光する第2工程と、
前記亀裂の状態に基づいて前記基板の結晶方位を示すラインとして決定された基準ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定する第3工程と、を含む、レーザ加工方法。 - 前記第1工程においては、互いに異なる所定方向に延在する所定本数の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定し、
前記第3工程においては、所定本数の前記候補ラインのうち前記亀裂の振れの度合が最も小さい前記候補ラインを前記基準ラインとして前記加工対象物に対して設定する、請求項11記載のレーザ加工方法。 - 前記第1工程においては、前記亀裂の状態に基づいて、前記亀裂の振れの度合が所定範囲内に収まるまで、複数の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して順次に設定し、
前記第3工程においては、前記亀裂の振れの度合が所定範囲内に収まった前記候補ラインを前記基準ラインとして前記加工対象物に対して設定する、請求項11記載のレーザ加工方法。 - 前記第1工程では、
基準方向に対して成す角度が互いに異なる複数の前記候補ラインを前記加工対象物に対して設定し、
前記第3工程では、
複数の前記候補ラインそれぞれの前記亀裂が当該候補ラインに対して傾斜する傾斜方向を検出し、
複数の前記候補ラインのうち、前記亀裂の傾斜方向が当該候補ラインの一方側で且つ前記基準方向に対して成す角度が最も大きい又は小さい第1候補ラインと、前記亀裂の傾斜方向が当該候補ラインの他方側で且つ前記基準方向に対して成す角度が最も小さい又は大きい第2候補ラインと、に基づいて、前記基準ラインを前記加工対象物に設定する、請求項11~13の何れか一項記載のレーザ加工方法。
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