Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
  • C23F1/02—Local etching
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
  • G03F1/92—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof prepared from printing surfaces
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
  • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
  • B41M5/0041—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper
  • B41M5/0058—Digital printing on surfaces other than ordinary paper on metals and oxidised metal surfaces
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/02—Printing inks
  • C09D11/10—Printing inks based on artificial resins
  • C09D11/101—Inks specially adapted for printing processes involving curing by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. with UV-curing following the printing
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D11/00—Inks
  • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
  • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F1/00—Originals for photomechanical production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g., masks, photo-masks, reticles; Mask blanks or pellicles therefor; Containers specially adapted therefor; Preparation thereof
  • G03F1/50—Mask blanks not covered by G03F1/20 - G03F1/34; Preparation thereof
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
  • G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
  • G03F7/2014—Contact or film exposure of light sensitive plates such as lithographic plates or circuit boards, e.g. in a vacuum frame
  • G03F7/2016—Contact mask being integral part of the photosensitive element and subject to destructive removal during post-exposure processing
  • G03F7/2018—Masking pattern obtained by selective application of an ink or a toner, e.g. ink jet printing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/0002—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits for manufacturing artworks for printed circuits
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/0011—Working of insulating substrates or insulating layers
  • H05K3/0017—Etching of the substrate by chemical or physical means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/0073—Masks not provided for in groups H05K3/02 - H05K3/46, e.g. for photomechanical production of patterned surfaces
  • H05K3/0079—Masks not provided for in groups H05K3/02 - H05K3/46, e.g. for photomechanical production of patterned surfaces characterised by the method of application or removal of the mask
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
  • H05K3/06—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed chemically or electrolytically, e.g. by photo-etch process
  • H05K3/061—Etching masks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
  • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
  • H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
  • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
  • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
  • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
  • H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
  • H10K71/135—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing using ink-jet printing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/01—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing
  • H05K2203/0104—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing for patterning or coating
  • H05K2203/013—Inkjet printing, e.g. for printing insulating material or resist
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/03—Metal processing
  • H05K2203/0392—Pretreatment of metal, e.g. before finish plating, etching
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/05—Patterning and lithography; Masks; Details of resist
  • H05K2203/0562—Details of resist
  • H05K2203/0582—Coating by resist, i.e. resist used as mask for application of insulating coating or of second resist
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/11—Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
  • H05K2203/1173—Differences in wettability, e.g. hydrophilic or hydrophobic areas

Definitions

• Embodiments of the invention relates to manufacturing of printed circuit boards by applying the etch-resist mask using nonimpact orienting, such as, inkjet printing.
• PCBs Printed circuit boards
• the manufacturing of PCBs is considered cheaper, faster and more accurate than using other wiring methods such as point-to-point construction.
• the patterning of copper lines in the manufacturing process of a PCB is usually done by applying an etch-resist photo-mask on a copper layer laminated to an insulating material board and removing exposed copper portions by an etching process, leaving only the desired copper lines (also refer to as image patterning) as the electrically conducting paths.
• the etch-resist pattern can be applied on top of the copper layer by additive methods, for example by non-impact printing (e.g. inkjet printing) on top of the copper layer.
• non-impact printing e.g. inkjet printing
• Conventional inkjet materials have relatively low viscosity and accordingly when ink drops would hit a non-absorbing surface, such as a copper surface, uncontrolled spreading of the drops and other phenomena such as clustering, coalescence and extensive dot gain usually occur.
• the printed pattern which is formed by inkjet printing technology, may exhibit poor quality or the copper lines including, for example, lack of details, inconsistent line width, poor line edge smoothness, shorts between adjacent lines and disconnection of pattern lines.
• FIG. 1 is flowchart of a method for producing an etch-resist mask according to some embodiments of the invention.
• Fig. 2A shows a photograph of an exemplary etch resist mask printed on a non- activated copper
• FIG. 2B shows photographs of an exemplary etch resist mask printed on an activated copper surface according to embodiments of the invention.
• Embodiments of the invention include methods of forming a metallic pattern on a substrate.
• the method may include applying onto a metallic surface coupled to the substrate, a chemically surface- activating solution having an activating agent that chemically activates the metallic surface; non-impact printing an etch-resist ink on the activated surface to produce an etch resist mask according to a predetermined pattern, wherein at least one ink component within the etch-resist ink undergoes a chemical reaction with the activated metallic surface to immobilize droplets of the etch-resist ink when hitting the activated surface; performing an etching process to remove unmasked metallic portions that are not covered with the etch resist mask; and removing the etch resist mask,
• the metallic pattern formed according to embodiments of the inventions includes pattern lines having a width of less than 50 microns. In some embodiments, the etch resist masked produced according to embodiments of the invention includes lines having a width of less than 50 microns. In some embodiments, the metallic pattern formed according to embodiments of the inventions includes pattern lines having a width of less than 30 microns. In some embodiments, the etch resist masked produced according to embodiments of the invention includes lines having a width of less than 30 microns.
• the method may include, prior to printing, removing the chemically surface- activating solution from the surface using a solvent.
• the ink component that undergoes the chemical reaction is an anionic component.
• the ink component that undergoes the chemical reaction with the activated surface is a polymeric component selected from an acrylate, a phosphate, a sulfonate or a mixture thereof.
• the activating agent may comprise at least one of copper salts, ferric salts, chromic-sulfuric acids, persulfate salts, sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide or a mixture thereof.
• applying the chemically surface-activating solution comprises immersing the metallic surface into a bath containing the chemically surface- activating solution for about 10-60 seconds. In some embodiments, applying the chemically surface-activating solution comprises spraying the chemically surface- activating solution onto the metallic. In some embodiments, non-impact printing the etch- resist ink on the activated surface comprises ink-jet printing
• Embodiments of the invention are related to methods of forming or applying an etch-resist mask on a metallic layer by non-impact printing, for example, during the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
• a method of applying an etch-resist mask on a metallic surface may include applying a chemically surface-activating solution on top of a metallic surface to chemically activate the metallic surface, followed by removing/washing the chemically activating solution from the surface and printing (e.g. inkjet printing) an etch resist ink on top of the activated surface.
• a reactive component of the etch- resist ink undergoes a chemical reaction with the activated surface to immobilize droplets of the liquid composition when hitting the surface.
• the chemical reaction may cause a significant increase in the ink droplet viscosity (for example, by one or two orders of magnitudes) instantaneously upon hitting the activated surface.
• the reactive component in the etch-resist ink may be an etch resist component and in other embodiments the reactive component may be different from the etch-resist component. According to some embodiments, more than one reactive component of the etch resist-ink may undergo a chemical reaction with components on the activated surface.
• the metallic layer may be a copper layer laminated onto an insulating non- conductive substrate.
• the description below refers to a copper surface. It should be realized that other metallic surfaces, such as, aluminum surfaces, stainless steel surfaces, gold surfaces and others are likewise applicable to embodiments of the invention.
• the method may include applying a chemically surface-activating solution onto a metallic surface, on which an etch-resist pattern is to be printed.
• the chemically surface- activating solution may be or may include any etching solution capable to chemically activate the surface.
• a chemically activated surface may be defined as a surface which, prior to the surface activation, will not react with the etch resist ink materials while it does react post the surface activation to cause the immobilization of the etch resist ink droplet.
• the surface- activating solution may include, for example, copper salts, ferric salts, chromic-sulfuric acids, persulfate salts, sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide.
• applying a chemically activating solution may include immersing the surface in a bath containing the chemically surface- activating solution, spraying the chemically surface- activating solution over the surface and any other suitable method.
• the method may include subjecting the metallic surface to the chemically activating solution (e.g., by immersing, spraying or the like) for a predetermined amount of time, for example, for 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds or more.
• the method may include optionally, removing the chemically surface-activating solution using, for example, an alcoholic solution.
• the method may include removing residues of the chemically surface-activating solution from the surface using ethanol.
• removing the chemically activating solution from the surface may be done using liquids other than alcoholic solutions, for example; propyl alcohol; iso-propyl alcohol; acetone.
• the method may include nonimpact printing (e.g., by inkjet printing) an etch-resist ink onto the activated surface to produce an etch resist mask according to a predetermined pattern.
• the etch resist ink may comprise an etch-resist polymeric component that undergoes a chemical reaction with the activated surface to immobilize droplets of the etch-resist ink when hitting the activated surface.
• another ink component, different from the etch-resist component undergoes a chemical reaction with the activated surface to immobilize droplets of the etch-resist ink when hitting the activated surface.
• Non-limiting examples of etch resist polymeric reactive components may be acrylates, styrene acrylates, phosphates and sulfonates polymers, obtaining molecular weight (Mw) form 1000-17,000.
• the etch resist reactive polymeric component may be water-soluble and may include reactive anionic components.
• anionic etch-resist reactive component may include at least one anionic polymer (in a base form) at pH higher than 7.0.
• the anionic polymer may be selected from acrylic resins and styrene-acrylic resins in their dissolved salt forms, sulphonic resins in their dissolved salt form, such as sodium, ammonium or amine neutralized form or the like. Without wishing to be bound by any specific theoretical mechanism, the aforementioned resins may undergo a reaction with the reactive (activated) surface.
• the copper metal surface is activated to form copper cations on top of the copper and when an acrylic polymer (being in the etch-resist ink) would hit the surface, the anionic acrylate may react with the copper ions to form a polymeric matrix in the droplet, which would dramatically increase the droplet viscosity.
• the ink component that undergoes the chemical reaction with a surface-activated component to immobilize droplets of the etch-resist ink when hitting the activated surface may be different from the etch-resist component.
• the masked copper board may further be etched by a metal etching (e.g., acidic copper etching) solution to remove exposed, unmasked portions of the metallic layer.
• a metal etching e.g., acidic copper etching
• the etch resist mask may then be removed to expose a line pattern on the substrate, i.e., an insulating board.
• exemplary liquid compositions (etch-resist ink compositions as described herein) were printed on an FR4 copper clad board having a copper thickness of 18 micron.
• the copper was first chemically activated by applying a chemically surface-activating solution to activate the copper surface.
• a liquid composition of an etch resist ink was selectively printed according to a predetermined pattern on top of either the activated or inactivated copper surface, using ink-jet printing technology.
• % (w/w) is a measure of the concentration of a substance in terms of the percentage by weight relative to the weight of the composition.
• Copper from the unmasked exposed zones was etched away using an etchant bath containing a ferric chloride etchant solution of strength 42° Baume supplied by Amza (PERMIX 166).
• the etching was performed in a Spray Developer S31, supplied by Walter Lemmen GMBH, at a temperature of 35° C for 3 minutes.
• the etch resist mask was stripped off by immersing the etched board in a 1 % (w/w) aqueous solution of NaOH at a temperature of 25° C followed by washing the FR4 copper board with water and drying by air at 25° C.
• Example 1 An etch resist ink, which is in a form of a liquid composition at room temperature, was printed on top of an untreated (inactivated) copper FR4 board.
• the liquid composition was prepared with 10% propylene glycol (as a humectant) and 1% (w/w) 2-Amino-2-methyl propanol, 0.3% (w/w) of BYK 348 supplied by BYK and 2 % (w/w) of Bayscript BA Cyan. These materials were dissolved in water containing 24% Joncryl 8085 styrene acrylic resin solution.
• the etch resist composition was printed on top of an FR4 copper clad board having a copper thickness of 18 micron, to produce the etch resist mask.
• the etch-resist mask was visually inspected. As can be shown in Fig. 2A, the printed pattern demonstrated very poor print quality with extremely poor edge definitions and severe shorts between the lines.
• Example 2 The liquid composition was prepared as detailed in Example 1. FR4 copper clad board surface was activated by dipping (e.g., immersing) the copper clad into an aqueous solution of Q1CI 2 0.5% (w/w) for 30 seconds followed by washing the copper board with technical ethanol.
• the liquid composition was printed on top of the treated copper board and dried at 80° C to produce an insoluble etch resist mask.
• the etch resist pattern demonstrated a high print quality well-defined and thin lines width down to 50 micrometers contained sharp edges and no line breaks as can be shown in Fig. 2B.
• Etching of the exposed copper and removal of the etch resist mask were conducted as detailed in Example 1.
• the wiring pattern on the board demonstrated well- defined thin lines with a width down to 50 microns containing sharp edges and no line breaks.
• Example 3 The liquid composition was prepared as detailed in Example 1. The copper surface was activated by dipping the FR4 copper clad board into a bath containing 20% aqueous solution of FeCi 3 (w/w) for 10 sec following by washing the copper board with technical ethanol.
• Example 2 Similarly to Example 2, the liquid composition was inkjet-printed on the coated copper board and dried at 80° C to produce an insoluble etch resist mask.
• the etch resist pattern demonstrated a high print quality well-defined and thin lines down to 50 micron contained sharp edges and no line breaks. Etching of the exposed copper and removal of the etch resist mask were conducted as detailed in Example 1.
• the wiring pattern on the board demonstrated well-defined pattern with thin lines having a width of down to 30 micron sharp edges and no line breaks.
• Example 4 The liquid composition was prepared as detailed in Example 1. The copper surface was activated by dipping the FR4 copper clad board into an aqueous solution of Na 2 S 2 0s 1 % (w/w) for 30 sec following by washing the copper board with technical ethanol.
• the etch resist liquid composition was printed on the treated copper board and dried at 80° C to produce an insoluble etch resist mask.
• the etch resist pattern demonstrated a high print quality well-defined and thin lines down to 50 micrometers, contained sharp edges and no line breaks.
• the etching of the unmasked copper and removal of the etch resist mask were conducted as detailed in example 1.
• the wiring pattern produced by the etching and stripping processes demonstrated a well-defined pattern with thin lines having a width of down to 30 micron sharp edges and no line breaks.
• Table 1 lists some non-limiting examples of chemically surface- activating components used in embodiments of the invention, their relative weigh concentrations in the surface-activating solution and suggested immersing time according to some embodiments of the invention.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
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• 2016
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