WO2017024690A1 - 一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法 - Google Patents

一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法 Download PDF

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WO2017024690A1
WO2017024690A1 PCT/CN2015/095393 CN2015095393W WO2017024690A1 WO 2017024690 A1 WO2017024690 A1 WO 2017024690A1 CN 2015095393 W CN2015095393 W CN 2015095393W WO 2017024690 A1 WO2017024690 A1 WO 2017024690A1
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amplification
probe
throughput sequencing
sequencing library
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PCT/CN2015/095393
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陈琰
郭飞飞
曾骥孟
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厦门飞朔生物技术有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40BCOMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B50/00Methods of creating libraries, e.g. combinatorial synthesis
    • C40B50/06Biochemical methods, e.g. using enzymes or whole viable microorganisms

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  • the invention belongs to the field of detection biotechnology, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a single-tube high-throughput sequencing library.
  • Molecular biology diagnostic technology is the crystallization of great progress in modern molecular biology and molecular genetics. It is based on people's deeper understanding of the structure of genes and the nature of life and expression of genes. In recent years, the methodological research of molecular biology diagnostic techniques has made great progress, and successive methods such as restriction endonuclease zymography, nucleic acid hybridization, and restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage analysis have been established. In 1985, the DNA in vitro expansion technology (PCR), which was founded by the human genetics laboratory of the US Department of Cetus, and subsequently developed rapidly, and the DNA chip developed in the 1990s. Biological diagnostic techniques have advanced to a new stage.
  • PCR DNA in vitro expansion technology
  • High-throughput sequencing is the crystallization of multidisciplinary integration of molecular biology, microelectronics, and computer science. It combines a variety of modern high-tech technologies. High-throughput sequencing has the ability to detect multiple targets simultaneously, with fast and efficient features. Therefore, high-throughput sequencing has become the main development direction of a new generation of molecular diagnostic reagents.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a method for constructing a single-tube high-throughput sequencing library.
  • a method for constructing a single-tube high-throughput sequencing library comprising the following steps:
  • the pair of asymmetric ligation probes comprising a forward probe and a reverse probe which can form a ring by themselves,
  • the forward probe and the reverse probe sequentially comprise, from the 3' end to the 5' end, a complementary sequence capable of contiguous base pairing with the 5' end of the asymmetric ligation probe, and a complementary pair with the universal primer.
  • the Tm values of the forward probe and the reverse probe are not more than 1 ° C, and the forward probe and the reverse probe are
  • the annealing temperature of the ring forming itself is different from the annealing temperature of the basic amplification primer by no more than 1 ° C;
  • the program has a time of 2 to 3 hours, and includes, in order, pre-denaturation, first-stage amplification, and second-stage amplification, wherein the first-stage amplification sequentially includes a first denaturation stage, a first annealing stage, and a first extension cycle.
  • the number of cycles in the first extended cycle is 5-15
  • the annealing temperature in the first annealing stage is 60-65 °C
  • the second-stage amplification includes the second denaturation stage, the second annealing stage and the second extension cycle stage.
  • the number of cycles in the second extension cycle is 15 to 30 (preferably 20);
  • the annealing temperature in the first annealing stage is 4 to 8 ° C higher than the annealing temperature in the second annealing stage; since the product of each cycle can be used as the next
  • the product amplified by the basic amplification primer designed by the invention is accumulated in a large amount, and the accumulated product is again used as a template for the second stage amplification.
  • a sequence of markers is provided between the complementary sequence and the amplified sequence for identifying different samples.
  • the marker sequence is 10-15 bp in length.
  • the complementary sequence is 3 to 5 bp in length.
  • the universal primer is 10-15 bp in length.
  • the forward probe and the reverse probe of the asymmetrically linked probe are each no more than 50 bp in length.
  • the DNA ligase is a T4 DNA ligase.
  • the method for constructing the single-tube high-throughput sequencing library of the present invention performs single-tube processing on multiple target sequences, and the library construction is completed quickly.
  • the entire library construction process takes only 2 to 3 hours, and the manual time only takes 15 to 30 minutes. That is to say, combined with high-throughput sequencing platform, it can effectively solve the difficulty of detecting multi-gene and multi-target detection of somatic cells on the basis of a small number of clinical samples in clinical tumors and genetic diseases, and the cost is low. ;
  • the library sequence prepared by the construction method of the present invention can be recognized and detected by the current high-throughput sequencing system, thereby realizing the application of library construction for detecting nucleic acid sequences, and the nucleic acid detection can be applied to various high-throughputs at present. Sequencing platform, gene chip platform, hybrid detection platform.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first stage amplification and the second stage amplification of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a matching degree and uniformity of each sample according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is:
  • a method for constructing a single-tube high-throughput sequencing library comprising the following steps:
  • the symmetric connecting probe includes a forward probe F2 and a reverse probe R2 which can form a ring by themselves, and the forward probe F2 and the reverse probe R2 sequentially include a capable body from the 3' end to the 5' end.
  • a complementary sequence 11 with a number of consecutive base pairs at the 5' end of the asymmetric ligation probe, a tag 12, a complementary sequence 13 and a pair complementary to the universal primer F3, and 2 to 5 above T corresponds to the sticky end recognition sequence 14,
  • the Tm values of the forward probe F2 and the reverse probe R2 are not more than 1 ° C, and the forward probe F2 and the reverse probe itself form a ring annealing temperature
  • the annealing temperature of the basic amplification primer does not differ by more than 1 ° C;
  • the amplification program has a time of 2 to 3 hours, and includes, in order, pre-denaturation, first-stage amplification, and second-stage amplification, wherein the first-stage amplification sequentially includes a first denaturation stage, first In the annealing stage and the first extension cycle, the number of cycles in the first extension cycle is 5-15, the annealing temperature in the first annealing stage is 60-65 ° C, and the second-stage amplification includes the second denaturation stage and the second annealing in sequence. In the stage and the second extension cycle, the number of cycles in the second extension cycle is 15 to 30; the annealing temperature in the first annealing stage is 4 to 8 ° C higher than
  • the marker sequence has a length of 10 to 15 bp.
  • the complementary sequence is 3 to 5 bp in length.
  • the universal primer F3 has a length of 10 to 15 bp.
  • the length of the forward probe F2 and the reverse probe R2 of the asymmetrically linked probe are no more than 50 bp.
  • the method of the present invention is used to design a library construction system for the common mutation sites of five genes in the tumor field, and the high-throughput sequencer Ion torrent PGM platform is used to detect EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, HER2, TP53, etc. Gene mutation.
  • the forward probe F2, the reverse probe R2 and the universal primer F3 of the asymmetric probe are designed as follows:
  • the primers and probes designed above were sent to DNA synthesis company for synthesis, and after synthesis, they were diluted with Tris-HCl (pH 8.0).
  • the PCR reaction system is:
  • Pre-denaturation 95 ° C, 5 minutes, 1 cycle;
  • First stage amplification denaturation at 95 ° C for 30 seconds, annealing at 64 ° C for 4 minutes, extension at 72 ° C for 30 seconds, 13 cycles;
  • the second stage of amplification denaturation at 95 ° C for 30 seconds, annealing at 58 ° C for 4 minutes, extension at 72 ° C for 30 seconds, 20 cycles.
  • the 96 well plate was placed 4.3 DynaMag TM -96Side Magnet (Cat.no.12331D) magnetic frame, to stand for 2 minutes or the like solution became clear. Carefully remove and discard the supernatant, do not disturb the beads.
  • step 4 for a second wash.
  • the obtained purified library was subjected to subsequent detection using an Ion torrent PGM high-throughput sequencer (ThermoFisher).
  • the total number of Reads is shown in Figures 1 to 4.
  • the library constructed in this example has an ISP loading of 85%, an average read length of 116 bp, and a total read quantity of more than 410,000.
  • the construction method of the single-tube high-throughput sequencing library of the present invention performs single-tube processing on multiple target sequences, and the library construction is completed quickly.

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Abstract

提供了一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,所述方法针对多个靶序列快速完成文库构建,结合高通量测序平台可以在少量临床样本的基础上对体细胞多基因、多靶点进行检测。

Description

一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法 技术领域
本发明属于检测生物技术领域,具体涉及一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法。
背景技术
分子生物学诊断技术是现代分子生物学与分子遗传学取得巨大进步的结晶,是在人们对基因的结构以及基因的表达和调控等生命本质问题的认识日益加深的基础上产生的。近年来,分子生物学诊断技术的方法学研究取得了很大进展,先后建立了限制性内切酶酶谱分析、核酸分子杂交、限制性片段长度多态性连锁分析等方法。1985年由美国Cetus公司人类遗传学研究室Mullis等创立并随后迅速发展起来的DNA体外扩增技术(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR),以及90年代发展起来的DNA芯片技术(DNA Chip),又将分子生物学诊断技术提高到一个崭新的阶段。
大部分分子诊断实验室的核心技术都主要集中在检测特异性、相对较短的DNA或RNA片段上。随着医学研究的深入,越来越多疾病的发生机制与相关基因的变异有关,如遗传性疾病β-地中海贫血与基因缺失相关,遗传性耳聋与GJB2、SLC26A4和线粒体DNA A1555G和C1494T突变相关,苯丙酮尿症在中国人群中已发现了70种以上基因突变,家族遗传性乳腺癌与BRCA1/2基因突变相关等等。因此与疾病相关的基因突变呈现多基因、多种变异类型(点突变,插入,缺失)。临床迫切需要一种能够同时检测多基因、多变异位点的方法。
世界各国高度重视分子诊断技术的发展,高通量测序成为新一代分子诊断试剂开发的主流。高通量测序是分子生物学、微电子、计算机等多学科结合的结晶,综合了多种现代高精尖技术。高通量测序具有同时能够检测多个靶点的功能,具有快速有效的特点。因而高通量测序成为新一代分子诊断试剂的主要开发方向。
现有高通量测序文库构建方法主要分为两种:一种是Ampliseq技术,即利用多重PCR技术多靶序列进行扩增,扩增产物纯化,通过DNA连接酶将特定序列连接至扩增产物两端,再次纯化并进行扩增。该缺点是操作步骤多,文库构建时间久,约需要8个小时。另一种是通过探针捕获技术,即将样本DNA进行打断,筛选出目标长度大小,利用带有标记的探针进行杂交,使用带标记的磁珠与标记的探针结合,洗脱捕获所有目标序列,后进行特异序列的连接并扩增。该方法缺点是杂交效率低,文库构建时间久约需要24小时。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术缺陷,提供一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)针对若干目的基因分别设计若干对基本扩增引物,在基本扩增引物的正向引物和反向引物的5’端均连接2~5个T,并在该2~5个T的靠近3’端的第一个T上进行PNA修饰,与目的基因无关,既不影响起始PCR扩增反应的效率,也不会造成引物对之间的非特异性扩增,使得扩增产物能够产生粘性末端,该每对基本扩增引物的Tm值相差不超过1℃,该若干对基本扩增引物的退火温度为56~64℃;
(2)设计一对不对称连接探针和一不与人类基因组形成互补的通用引物,该对不对称连接探针包括可自身形成环状的一正向探针和一反向探针,该正向探针和反向探针从3’端至5’端均依次包括一能够与不对称连接探针的5’端若干连续碱基配对的互补序列、一与所述通用引物互补配对的扩增序列和一与上述2~5个T相对应的粘性末端识别序列,上述正向探针和反向探针的Tm值相差不超过1℃,且上述正向探针和反向探针自身形成环状的退火温度与基本扩增引物的退火温度相差不超过1℃;
(3)将模板、上述若干对基本扩增引物、不对称探针、通用引物置于一含有DNA连接酶和DNA末端修饰酶的PCR反应体系中进行扩增,得扩增产物,该扩增的程序的时间为2~3h,并依次包括:预变性、第一阶段扩增和第二阶段扩增,其中第一阶段扩增依次包括第一变性阶段、第一退火阶段和第一延伸循环阶段,第一延伸循环阶段的循环数为5~15,第一退火阶段的退火温度为60~65℃,第二阶段扩增依次包括第二变性阶段、第二退火阶段和第二延伸循环阶段,第二延伸循环阶段的循环数为15~30(优选为20);第一退火阶段的退火温度比第二退火阶段的退火温度高4~8℃;由于每一循环的产物可以作为下一个循环的模板,经过第一阶段扩增之后,本发明设计的基本扩增引物所扩增的产物得到大量的积累,这些积累的产物又重新作为第二阶段扩增的模板,此时通用引物能够与这些模板完全匹配,结合效率大幅度提升;
(4)将扩增产物纯化后,即得所述高通量测序文库。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述互补序列和扩增序列之间还设有一标记序列,用以对不同样本进行识别。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述标记序列的长度为10~15bp。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述互补序列的长度为3~5bp。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述通用引物的长度为10~15bp。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述不对称连接探针的正向探针和反向探针的长度均不大于50bp。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,所述DNA连接酶为T4DNA连接酶。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的单管高通量测序文库的构建方法针对多个靶序列进行单管,快速完成文库的构建,整个文库构建过程仅需要2~3小时,手动时间仅仅需要15~30分钟即可,结合高通量测序平台可以十分有效的解决目前对于临床上肿瘤、遗传病等疾病中在少量的临床样本基础上需要对体细胞多基因、多靶点检测这一难点,且成本低廉;
(2)本发明的构建方法所制备的文库序列可被目前高通量测序系统识别并进行检测,从而实现文库构建进行核酸序列的检测的应用,该核酸检测可应用于目前多种高通量测序平台、基因芯片平台、杂交检测平台。
附图说明
图1为本发明的第一阶段扩增和第二阶段扩增的示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1的高通量测序芯片总的Reads数量
图3为本发明实施例1的3个样本分别Reads数量和平均长度
图4为本发明实施例1的样本数据与目标序列的匹配度
图5为本发明实施例1的每个样本的匹配度和均一性
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施方式结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行进一步的说明和描述。
如图1所示,本发明的技术方案为:
一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)针对若干目的基因分别设计若干对基本扩增引物,在基本扩增引物的正向引物F1和反向引物R1的5’端均连接2~5个T 10,并在该2~5个T 10的靠近3’端的第一个T上进行PNA修饰,该每对基本扩增引物的Tm值相差不超过1℃,该若干对基本扩增引物相应的退火温度为56~64℃;
(2)设计一对不对称连接探针和一不与人类基因组形成互补的通用引物F3,该对不 对称连接探针包括可自身形成环状的一正向探针F2和一反向探针R2,该正向探针F2和反向探针R2从3’端至5’端均依次包括一能够与不对称连接探针的5’端若干连续碱基配对的互补序列11、一标记序列(barcode)12、一与所述通用引物F3互补配对的扩增序列13和一与上述2~5个T相对应的粘性末端识别序列14,上述正向探针F2和反向探针R2的Tm值相差不超过1℃,且上述正向探针F2和反向探针自身形成环状的退火温度与基本扩增引物的退火温度相差不超过1℃;
(3)将模板、上述若干对基本扩增引物F1和R1、不对称探针F2和R2、通用引物F3置于一含有DNA连接酶和DNA末端修饰酶的PCR反应体系中进行扩增,得扩增产物,该扩增的程序的时间为2~3h,并依次包括:预变性、第一阶段扩增和第二阶段扩增,其中第一阶段扩增依次包括第一变性阶段、第一退火阶段和第一延伸循环阶段,第一延伸循环阶段的循环数为5~15,第一退火阶段的退火温度为60~65℃,第二阶段扩增依次包括第二变性阶段、第二退火阶段和第二延伸循环阶段,第二延伸循环阶段的循环数为15~30;第一退火阶段的退火温度比第二退火阶段的退火温度高4~8℃;
(4)将扩增产物纯化后,即得所述高通量测序文库。
本领域技术人员可知,本发明的参数在下述范围内变化时仍能够取得与下述实施例相同或相近的技术效果:
所述标记序列的长度为10~15bp。
所述互补序列的长度为3~5bp。
所述通用引物F3的长度为10~15bp。
所述不对称连接探针的正向探针F2和反向探针R2的长度均不大于50bp。
实施例1
本实施例中以本发明方法设计针对目前肿瘤领域相关5个基因常见突变位点进行文库构建系统设计同时结合高通量测序仪Ion torrent PGM平台检测EGFR、KRAS、BRAF、PIK3CA、HER2、TP53等基因突变。
材料:
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000002
1、样品和对照品的制备
接收来自临床的石蜡组织样品,样品切成5-10μm,加入1ml二甲苯脱蜡,离心收集沉淀,加入1ml无水乙醇到沉淀中,室温或37℃晾干,加入蛋白酶K和Buffer ATL,56℃消化裂解1小时,90℃孵化1h,加入200ml Buffer AL混匀再加入200μL无水乙醇充分混匀,将上清小心转移到QIA 2ml离心柱中,6000×g(8000rpm)离1min,加入500μL Buffer AW1,6000×g(8000rpm)离1min,小心打开盖子加入500μL Buffer AW2,6000×g(8000rpm)离1min,空管离心20000×g(14000rpm)离3min,加入100μL Buffer ATE于膜中央,温育5分钟,20000×g(14000rpm)离1min。取3μL测OD值,将提取的样品DNA稀释到2ng/μL,取5μL进行PCR反应。
2、文库引物的设计和制备
根据Cosmic数据公布的EGFR基因外显子18~21、KRAS基因外显子2、BRAF基因外显子16、PIK3CA外显子16、HER2外显子8、TP53外显子12基因突变基因序列分析,分别设计一对基本扩增引物,如下表所示,同时在下表的引物的5’端进行连接两个T,并对靠近3’端的第一个T上进行PNA修饰:
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000004
设计不对称探针的正向探针F2、反向探针R2和通用引物F3如下:
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000006
将以上设计的引物和探针送到DNA合成公司合成,合成完后用Tris-HCl(pH8.0)稀释。
3、文库构建PCR扩增
PCR反应体系为:
1×PCR缓冲液
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000007
实时PCR扩增的程序是:
预变性:95℃,5分钟,1个循环;
第一阶段扩增:95℃变性30秒,64℃退火4分钟,72℃延伸30秒,13个循环;
第二阶段扩增:95℃变性30秒,58℃退火4分钟,72℃延伸30秒,20个循环。
获得初始文库产物
4、文库纯化
使用
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000008
XP试剂1.5x样本体积
4.1小心地揭去封板膜并向上述制备的初始文库中加入45μL(1.5x样本体积)的
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000009
XP试剂。用枪吹打5次使DNA与磁珠悬浮液充分混匀,得混合液。
4.2将上述混合液置于室温5分钟。
4.3将96孔板置于DynaMagTM-96Side Magnet(Cat.no.12331D)磁力架上,静置2分钟或者等溶液变清澈。小心地吸走并弃掉上清,不要扰动磁珠。
4.4向孔中加入150μL新鲜配制的70%乙醇,在磁力上来回移动96孔板来洗涤磁珠,然后小心地弃去上清,不要扰动磁珠。
4.5重复第4步,进行第二次洗涤。
4.6确保乙醇液滴已全部从孔中吸走。将板放置于磁力架上,室温空气干燥5分钟,注意不要过度干燥。
4.7将96孔板从磁力架上拿开,在每孔中加入50μL Low TE充分浸润磁珠。使用
Figure PCTCN2015095393-appb-000010
adhesive film膜将96孔板封紧,充分振荡混匀,轻度离心将液体收集到管底。(也可以选择用枪吸取一半以上的液体上下吹打至少5次来混匀)
4.8将96孔板置于磁力架上2分钟。上清液中含有纯化后的文库。取出5μL上清,结合495μL无核酸水,用于文库定量。
5、检测
采用Ion torrent PGM高通量测序仪(ThermoFisher公司)对获得的纯化后的文库进行后续检测,
6、结果分析
6.1文库构建总的Reads数量如图1至图4所示,该实施例构建的文库的ISP loading达到85%,平均读长在116bp,总的reads数量有41万多。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
工业实用性
本发明的单管高通量测序文库的构建方法针对多个靶序列进行单管,快速完成文库的构建。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
    (1)针对若干目的基因分别设计若干对基本扩增引物,在基本扩增引物的正向引物和反向引物的5’端均连接2~5个T,并在该2~5个T的靠近3’端的第一个T上进行PNA修饰,该每对基本扩增引物的Tm值相差不超过1℃,该若干对基本扩增引物的退火温度为56~64℃;
    (2)设计一对不对称连接探针和一不与人类基因组形成互补的通用引物,该对不对称连接探针包括可自身形成环状的一正向探针和一反向探针,该正向探针和反向探针从3’端至5’端均依次包括一能够与不对称连接探针的5’端若干连续碱基配对的互补序列、一与所述通用引物互补配对的扩增序列和一与上述2~5个T相对应的粘性末端识别序列,上述正向探针和反向探针的Tm值相差不超过1℃,且上述正向探针和反向探针自身形成环状的退火温度与基本扩增引物的退火温度相差不超过1℃;
    (3)将模板、上述若干对基本扩增引物、不对称探针、通用引物置于一含有DNA连接酶和DNA末端修饰酶的PCR反应体系中进行扩增,得扩增产物,该扩增的程序的时间为2~3h,并依次包括:预变性、第一阶段扩增和第二阶段扩增,其中第一阶段扩增依次包括第一变性阶段、第一退火阶段和第一延伸循环阶段,第一延伸循环阶段的循环数为5~15,第一退火阶段的退火温度为60~65℃,第二阶段扩增依次包括第二变性阶段、第二退火阶段和第二延伸循环阶段,第二延伸循环阶段的循环数为15~30;第一退火阶段的退火温度比第二退火阶段的退火温度高4~8℃;
    (4)将扩增产物纯化后,即得所述高通量测序文库。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,其特征在于:所述互补序列和扩增序列之间还设有一标记序列,用以对不同样本进行识别。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,其特征在于:所述标记序列的长度为10~15bp。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,其特征在于:所述互补序列的长度为3~5bp。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,其特征在于:所述通用引物的长度为10~15bp。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,其特征在于:所述不 对称连接探针的正向探针和反向探针的长度均不大于50bp。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种单管高通量测序文库的构建方法,其特征在于:所述DNA连接酶为T4DNA连接酶。
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