WO2017022226A1 - 三次元形状造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
三次元形状造形物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017022226A1 WO2017022226A1 PCT/JP2016/003510 JP2016003510W WO2017022226A1 WO 2017022226 A1 WO2017022226 A1 WO 2017022226A1 JP 2016003510 W JP2016003510 W JP 2016003510W WO 2017022226 A1 WO2017022226 A1 WO 2017022226A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/38—Process control to achieve specific product aspects, e.g. surface smoothness, density, porosity or hollow structures
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/321—Feeding
- B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/007—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object that sequentially forms a plurality of solidified layers by light beam irradiation.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object by irradiating a powder material with a light beam has been conventionally known.
- a powder layer formation and a solid layer formation are alternately repeated based on the following steps (i) and (ii) to produce a three-dimensional shaped object.
- the obtained three-dimensional shaped object can be used as a mold.
- organic resin powder is used as the powder material, the obtained three-dimensional shaped object can be used as various models.
- a metal powder is used as a powder material and a three-dimensional shaped object obtained thereby is used as a mold.
- the squeezing blade 23 is moved to form a powder layer 22 having a predetermined thickness on the modeling plate 21 (see FIG. 11A).
- a light beam L is applied to a predetermined portion of the powder layer 22 to form a solidified layer 24 from the powder layer 22 (see FIG. 11B).
- a new powder layer 22 is formed on the obtained solidified layer 24, and a light beam is irradiated again to form a new solidified layer 24.
- the solidified layer 24 is laminated (see FIG.
- a three-dimensional structure composed of the laminated solidified layer 24 is formed.
- a shaped object can be obtained. Since the solidified layer 24 formed as the lowermost layer is connected to the modeling plate 21, the three-dimensional modeled object and the modeling plate 21 form an integrated object, and the integrated object is used as a mold. Can do.
- the inventors of the present application have found that, in the powder sintering lamination method as described above, there are cases where the manufacturing method is not very efficient depending on the three-dimensional shaped object to be manufactured.
- the powder sintering lamination method since a solidified layer having a small thickness on the order of microns (for example, about 50 ⁇ m) is sequentially formed, the finally obtained three-dimensional shaped object has high shape accuracy.
- the number of solidified layers constituting the three-dimensional shaped object tends to increase, and although finally high shape accuracy can be obtained, the manufacturing time is sufficiently satisfied There were cases where it could not be said. This can be noticeable when the three-dimensional shaped object has a larger dimension.
- a main problem of the present invention is to provide a more efficient method for manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object by sequentially forming a plurality of solidified layers by light beam irradiation is formed by a hybrid method that combines a post-layer irradiation method in which light beam irradiation is performed after the powder layer is formed and a raw material supply irradiation method in which light beam irradiation is performed when the raw material is supplied.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object is provided.
- a three-dimensional shaped object can be manufactured more efficiently. Specifically, a three-dimensional shaped article can be manufactured in a shorter time. In particular, even when the three-dimensional shaped object has a larger size, the time until obtaining the three-dimensional shaped object can be further shortened.
- Sectional drawing which showed the concept of the manufacturing method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention typically Sectional drawing which showed the outline solidified layer area
- Sectional drawing which showed the manufacturing method which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention over time Sectional view schematically showing the "powder suction removal” mode Sectional view schematically showing the aspect of "surface cutting treatment” Sectional drawing which showed the aspect of "the step-like surface of a contour solidification layer area
- the perspective view which showed typically the three-dimensional shape molded article which has a hollow part
- Sectional drawing which showed typically the process in the manufacturing method of the three-dimensional shape molded article which has a hollow part.
- the perspective view which showed the composition of the optical modeling compound processing machine typically Flow chart showing general operation of stereolithography combined processing machine
- binder layer means, for example, “a metal powder layer made of metal powder” or “a resin powder layer made of resin powder”.
- solidified layer means “sintered layer” when the powder layer is a metal powder layer, and means “cured layer” when the powder layer is a resin powder layer. Yes.
- the “up and down” direction described directly or indirectly in the present specification is based on the stacking direction of the solidified layer, and the direction in which the solidified layer is stacked in the implementation of the manufacturing method of the present invention is “upward”. "Direction" and the opposite side as “downward”.
- the powder sintering lamination method described here corresponds to an “irradiation method after layer formation” described later. That is, a powder sintering lamination method corresponding to an “irradiation method after layer formation” in which a solidified layer is formed by light beam irradiation on a powder layer will be described. It should be noted that, in the following, an optical modeling combined process in which a cutting process of a three-dimensional shaped object is additionally performed by the powder sintering lamination method will be described as an example, but the “cutting process” is not essential.
- FIG. 11 schematically shows a process aspect of stereolithographic composite processing
- FIGS. 12 and 13 show the main configuration and operation of the stereolithographic composite processing machine 1 capable of performing the powder sintering lamination method and the cutting process. Each flowchart is shown.
- the stereolithography combined processing machine 1 includes a powder layer forming means 2, a light beam irradiation means 3, and a cutting means 4, as shown in FIG.
- the powder layer forming means 2 is means for forming a powder layer by spreading a powder such as a metal powder or a resin powder with a predetermined thickness.
- the light beam irradiation means 3 is a means for irradiating a predetermined portion of the powder layer with the light beam L.
- the cutting means 4 is a means for cutting the side surface of the laminated solidified layer, that is, the surface of the three-dimensional shaped object.
- the powder layer forming means 2 mainly includes a powder table 25, a squeezing blade 23, a modeling table 20, and a modeling plate 21.
- the powder table 25 is a table that can be moved up and down in a powder material tank 28 whose outer periphery is surrounded by a wall 26.
- the squeezing blade 23 is a blade that can move in the horizontal direction to obtain the powder layer 22 by supplying the powder 19 on the powder table 25 onto the modeling table 20.
- the modeling table 20 is a table that can be moved up and down in a modeling tank 29 whose outer periphery is surrounded by a wall 27.
- the modeling plate 21 is a plate that is arranged on the modeling table 20 and serves as a base for a three-dimensional modeled object.
- the light beam irradiation means 3 mainly includes a light beam oscillator 30 and a galvanometer mirror 31 as shown in FIG.
- the light beam oscillator 30 is a device that emits a light beam L.
- the galvanometer mirror 31 is a means for scanning the emitted light beam L into the powder layer, that is, a scanning means for the light beam L.
- the cutting means 4 mainly comprises a milling head 40 and a drive mechanism 41 as shown in FIG.
- the milling head 40 is a cutting tool for cutting the side surface of the laminated solidified layer.
- the drive mechanism 41 is means for moving the milling head 40 to a desired location to be cut.
- the operation of the optical modeling complex machine 1 includes a powder layer forming step (S1), a solidified layer forming step (S2), and a cutting step (S3).
- the powder layer forming step (S1) is a step for forming the powder layer 22.
- the modeling table 20 is lowered by ⁇ t (S11) so that the level difference between the upper surface of the modeling plate 21 and the upper end surface of the modeling tank 29 becomes ⁇ t.
- the squeezing blade 23 is moved in the horizontal direction from the powder material tank 28 toward the modeling tank 29 as shown in FIG.
- the powder 19 arranged on the powder table 25 can be transferred onto the modeling plate 21 (S12), and the powder layer 22 is formed (S13).
- the powder for forming the powder layer 22 include “metal powder having an average particle diameter of about 5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m” and “resin powder such as nylon, polypropylene, or ABS having an average particle diameter of about 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m”. .
- the solidified layer forming step (S2) is a step of forming the solidified layer 24 by light beam irradiation.
- the light beam L is emitted from the light beam oscillator 30 (S21), and the light beam L is scanned to a predetermined location on the powder layer 22 by the galvano mirror 31 (S22).
- the powder at a predetermined location of the powder layer 22 is sintered or melted and solidified to form a solidified layer 24 as shown in FIG. 11B (S23).
- a carbon dioxide laser, an Nd: YAG laser, a fiber laser, an ultraviolet ray, or the like may be used.
- the powder layer forming step (S1) and the solidified layer forming step (S2) are alternately repeated. As a result, a plurality of solidified layers 24 are laminated as shown in FIG.
- the cutting step (S3) is a step for cutting the side surface of the laminated solidified layer 24, that is, the surface of the three-dimensional shaped object.
- a cutting step is started by driving a milling head 40 (see FIG. 11C and FIG. 12) used as a cutting tool (S31). For example, when the milling head 40 has an effective blade length of 3 mm, a cutting process of 3 mm can be performed along the height direction of the three-dimensional shaped object.
- the milling head 40 is driven.
- a cutting process is performed on the side surface of the laminated solidified layer 24 while moving the milling head 40 by the drive mechanism 41 (S32).
- a cutting step (S3) is completed, it is determined whether or not a desired three-dimensional shaped object is obtained (S33).
- the process returns to the powder layer forming step (S1). Thereafter, by repeatedly performing the powder layer forming step (S1) to the cutting step (S3) and further laminating and cutting the solidified layer 24, a desired three-dimensional shaped object is finally obtained. .
- the present invention is characterized by a method for forming a solidified layer in the production of a three-dimensional shaped article as described above.
- the solidified layer is formed by a hybrid method in which at least two types of methods are combined.
- the solidified layer is formed by a hybrid method combining the “irradiation method after layer formation in which light beam irradiation is performed after the powder layer is formed” and “raw material irradiation method in which light beam irradiation is performed at the time of raw material supply”.
- FIG. 1 shows the concept of the hybrid system employed in the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an irradiation method 50 after layer formation and “an irradiation method 60 at the time of raw material supply” which are different from each other in the formation mode of the solidified layer 24 are combined.
- “irradiation method 50 after layer formation” corresponds to the above-described powder sintering lamination method, and after the powder layer 22 is formed, the light beam L is irradiated to the powder layer 22. Thus, the solidified layer 24 is formed.
- the solidified layer 24 is formed by supplying the raw material and irradiating the light beam L substantially simultaneously.
- the “irradiation method after layer formation” as used in the present specification is to solidify by forming a powder layer once, irradiating a predetermined part of the powder layer with a light beam, and sintering or melting and solidifying the powder at the predetermined part. It means the method of forming a layer.
- the “irradiation method during material supply” in this specification is a method in which a solidified layer is formed directly without forming a powder layer, and the material supply and light beam irradiation are performed substantially simultaneously. , Which means a method of forming a solidified layer by sintering or melting and solidifying the supplied raw material.
- a three-dimensional shaped object can be manufactured more efficiently. This is because the “irradiation method after layer formation” and the “irradiation method at the time of raw material supply” have different characteristics in terms of shape accuracy and manufacturing time, and combine them to manufacture a three-dimensional shaped object. .
- the “irradiation method after layer formation” has a feature that although the shape accuracy can be made relatively high, the time for forming the solidified layer becomes relatively long.
- the “irradiation method during raw material supply” has a feature that the shape accuracy is relatively low, but the time for forming the solidified layer can be made relatively short.
- a desired three-dimensional shaped object can be manufactured more efficiently by suitably combining the “irradiation method after layer formation” and the “irradiation method during material supply” having such conflicting characteristics.
- the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention has a desired shape accuracy by complementing each of the “post-layer formation irradiation method” and “raw material supply irradiation method”.
- a three-dimensional shaped object can be manufactured in a shorter time.
- the “irradiation method after layer formation” corresponds to the “powder sintering lamination method” described above. Therefore, in the “irradiation method after layer formation”, a powder layer is first formed using a squeezing blade or the like. After the formation of the powder layer, a predetermined portion of the powder layer is irradiated with a light beam. As a result, the powder at the predetermined location is sintered or melted and solidified to form a solidified layer.
- a new powder layer is similarly formed on the obtained solidified layer, and a further solidified layer is formed by irradiating a predetermined portion of the new powder layer with a light beam.
- the “predetermined portion of the powder layer” substantially refers to the region of the three-dimensional shaped article to be manufactured. Therefore, when a light beam is irradiated to the powder existing at the predetermined location, the powder is sintered or melted and solidified layer of the three-dimensional shaped object is formed.
- the “irradiation method during material supply” is a method in which a solidified layer is formed by substantially simultaneously performing material supply and light beam irradiation.
- the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply has a feature that a powder layer is not formed when a solidified layer is obtained.
- powder or filler material may be used as a raw material for the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply.
- a light beam is irradiated to a raw material supply location and a powder or filler material is directly supplied to the raw material supply location, thereby supplying the supplied powder or melt.
- a solidified layer is formed from the additive.
- the supplied powder is sintered or melted and solidified by light beam irradiation to directly form a solidified layer from the powder.
- the powder 64 is spray-supplied to the condensing portion of the light beam L of the light beam irradiation (that is, the irradiated portion of the light beam L that is a raw material supply location), thereby sintering or melting and solidifying the powder 64.
- the solidified layer 24 is formed (see FIG. 1).
- a powder supply nozzle 65 may be used for spray supply of the powder 64.
- the type of powder used in the irradiation method during raw material supply may be the same as the type of powder used in the irradiation method after layer formation. That is, the powder that constitutes the irradiation-type powder layer after layer formation may be used as the raw-material-irradiation-type powder.
- the melt material 66 is supplied so that the melt material 66 reaches the light beam condensing portion (that is, the irradiated portion of the light beam L that is the raw material supply location) of the light beam irradiation. A part of 66 is melted to form the solidified layer 24 (see FIG. 1). As shown in FIG. 1, for example, the melt material 66 is supplied so that the end of the melt material 66 is irradiated with the light beam L. Thereby, the edge part of the filler material 66 may be melted, and the solidified layer 24 may be formed from the molten material obtained therefrom.
- the term “melting material” refers to a welding material used in the so-called welding technical field, and in terms of the present invention, a fusible material that can be melted once when irradiated with a light beam.
- the material of the filler material is typically a metal, but is not necessarily limited thereto.
- the shape of the filler material is not particularly limited, but an elongated shape such as “wire shape” or “bar shape” is preferable. This is because the melting of the filler material is likely to occur due to the irradiation with the light beam, and the material thus melted can be supplied to the desired location with high accuracy.
- a metal wire is preferably used as the filler material. If the end of the metal wire is maintained in a state where it is provided to the light beam condensing unit, the end of the metal wire will be melted sequentially, and the solidified layer is directly removed from the molten material obtained therefrom. Can be formed.
- the term “metal wire” means a metal material having a “wire-like” elongated shape.
- the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention it is preferable to form a solidified layer having a larger thickness by an irradiation method during material supply. That is, it is preferable that the thickness of the solidified layer formed by the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply is larger than the thickness of the solidified layer formed by the irradiation method after layer formation.
- the solidified layer formation of the “irradiation method at the time of raw material supply” can be performed in a shorter time than the solidified layer formation of the “irradiation method after layer formation”, resulting in a more efficient manufacturing method.
- the thickness T material supply of the solidified layer at the time of irradiation scheme material supply irradiation is about 2 times to about 250 times the thickness T layer formed after irradiation of the solidified layer of irradiation method after the layer formation, and more preferably about 5 times to about 150 times.
- the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply can form a solidified layer wider and larger per unit time. Accordingly, in the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the light beam condensing diameter of the light beam irradiation in the raw material supply irradiation method is made larger than the light beam condensing diameter of the light beam irradiation in the irradiation method after layer formation. It is preferable. This also makes it possible to form the solidified layer in the “raw material supply irradiation method” in a shorter time than in the “post-layer irradiation method”, resulting in a more efficient manufacturing method.
- the “light beam condensing diameter” means the diameter (spot diameter) of the light beam at the raw material supply location.
- the light beam condensing diameter D of the light beam irradiation in the irradiation method at the time of supplying the raw material is irradiated after the light beam condensing diameter D layer formation of the light beam irradiation in the irradiation method after the layer formation.
- the irradiation is about 1.5 times to about 100 times.
- the light beam focusing diameter D material supply during irradiation scheme material supply irradiation is about 2 times to about 80 times the light beam focusing diameter D layer formed after irradiation of the irradiation method after the layer formation, more preferably Is about 2 to about 40 times.
- the hybrid method employed in the manufacturing method according to an embodiment of the present invention is a “post-layer irradiation method” and “depending on which part the solidified layer region constituting the three-dimensional shaped object corresponds to”.
- the “irradiation method at the time of raw material supply” may be suitably used.
- the “contour solidified layer region 110 corresponding to the contour portion of the three-dimensional shaped object 100” is formed by the irradiation method after layer formation, and “corresponds to other than the contour portion of the three-dimensional shaped object 100, and more than the contour portion.
- the inner solidified layer region 120 "located inside is formed by the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply (see FIG. 2).
- the contour solidified layer region 110 forms the outer surface of the three-dimensional shaped object 100, and is thus formed by the “irradiation method after layer formation” with relatively high shape accuracy.
- the inner solidified layer region 120 corresponds to the solid portion of the three-dimensional shaped object 100 and occupies a relatively large volume in the three-dimensional shaped object 100, so that the time for forming the solidified layer is relatively short. It is formed by “irradiation method when supplying raw material”. Thereby, the three-dimensional shaped object 100 having relatively high shape accuracy can be manufactured in a shorter time. In addition, such an effect becomes remarkable when a three-dimensional shape molded article has a larger dimension. That is, as shown in FIG.
- the three-dimensional shaped object 100 when compared with the three-dimensional shaped object 100 (FIG. 3A) having a smaller dimension, the three-dimensional shaped object 100 (FIG. 3B) having a larger dimension.
- the three-dimensional shaped article 100 having a larger dimension is manufactured because the “solidification layer region 120 having a large occupied volume” is subjected to the “irradiation method at the time of raw material supply” with a relatively short formation time. In addition, the effect of shortening the manufacturing time is further increased.
- the “contour part” corresponds to the outer surface part exposed to the outside in the finally obtained three-dimensional shaped object. Therefore, in the present specification, the “contour solidified layer region” substantially means a local region corresponding to the peripheral portion of the solidified layer or the solidified layer laminate. Such a “contour solidified layer region” can be regarded as a region having a certain width dimension, for example, a local region from the outer surface of the three-dimensional shaped object to about 1 mm to about 10 cm inside (horizontal direction inner side). Corresponds to the “contour solidified layer region”.
- the “inner solidified layer region” refers to a solid portion located on the inner side of the contour portion in the solidified layer or the solidified layer laminate, and in short, “solidified layer excluding the contour portion”.
- the “region” corresponds to the inner solidified layer region.
- the “contour part” is at least one of the side surface part 110 ⁇ / b> A and the top surface part 110 ⁇ / b> B of the three-dimensional shaped object 100. This is because when the solidified layer is laminated on the modeling plate 21, the outer surface portion of the finally obtained three-dimensional shaped object 100 becomes the side surface portion 110A and the top surface portion 110B.
- the manufacturing method shown in FIG. 4 relates to an aspect in which the contour solidified layer region 110 is formed by the irradiation method 50 after layer formation, while the inner solidified layer region 120 is formed by the irradiation method 60 at the time of supplying raw materials.
- the side surface portion of the three-dimensional shaped object 100 is provided prior to the irradiation method 60 at the time of supplying the raw material for forming the inner solidified layer region 120.
- the post-layer formation irradiation method 50 for forming the contour solidified layer region 110 corresponding to 110A is performed.
- the inside solidification corresponding to the inside of the three-dimensional shaped object 100 by the irradiation method 60 at the time of raw material supply A layer region 120 is formed.
- the three-dimensional shaped structure 100 can be manufactured more efficiently. Specifically, since the contour corresponding to the outermost part of the three-dimensional shaped object 100 is first formed, the formation range of the inner solidified layer region 120 positioned inside thereof is determined in advance, and the irradiation method 60 at the time of material supply is determined. It can be implemented more simply.
- the irradiation method 50 after layer formation is performed.
- the squeezing blade 23 is moved to form a powder layer 22 having a predetermined thickness on the modeling plate 21.
- the light beam L is irradiated to the powder layer region corresponding to the side surface portion of the three-dimensional shaped object, and the side solidified layer 24a is formed from the partial region of the powder layer 22.
- FIGS. 4C and 4D a new powder layer 22 is formed, and the light beam L is similarly irradiated again to form a new side solidified layer 24a.
- the powder layer formation and the solidified layer formation are alternately repeated to form the contour solidified layer region 110 corresponding to the side surface portion 110A of the three-dimensional shaped object (see FIG. 4D).
- the irradiation method 60 at the time of raw material supply is performed.
- the irradiation method 60 Prior to performing the raw material supply irradiation method 60, as shown in FIG. 4E, it is preferable to suck and remove the powder 19a of the powder layer that has not contributed to the formation of the contour solidified layer region 110.
- the execution of the post-layer formation irradiation method 50 for forming the contour solidified layer region 110 corresponding to the side surface portion 110 ⁇ / b> A but before the execution of the raw material supply irradiation method 60 for forming the inner solidified layer region 120.
- the irradiation method 60 at the time of supplying the raw material can be implemented more suitably. That is, in the state in which the powder 19a of the powder layer that has not contributed to the formation of the contour solidified layer region 110 is present, the region for the irradiation method 60 at the time of supplying the raw material is not secured. A region for the irradiation method 60 at the time of raw material supply can be suitably secured. As shown in FIG. 5, the suction removal of the powder 19 a may be performed from above using, for example, a suction nozzle 90.
- the inner solidified layer 24 b is formed by carrying out the raw material supply irradiation method 60. Thereby, the inner solidified layer region 120 corresponding to the inner portion of the contour portion is obtained. As shown (particularly as shown in the lowermost part of FIG. 4), by supplying the powder 64 or filler material 66 and irradiating the light beam L substantially simultaneously at the inner part of the contour. The inner solidified layer 24 b is formed directly from the supplied powder 64 or filler material 66.
- the “thickness of the inner solidified layer 24b formed by the irradiation method 60 at the time of supplying the raw material” can be larger than the “thickness of the side solidified layer 24a formed by the irradiation method 50 after layer formation”. Can be formed.
- a contour solidified layer region 110 corresponding to the top surface portion 110B of the three-dimensional shaped object is formed by the irradiation method 50 after the layer formation.
- the top surface portion 110 ⁇ / b> B that forms the outer surface portion of the finally obtained three-dimensionally shaped object 100.
- the three-dimensional shaped object 100 having a relatively high shape accuracy can be obtained in a shorter time.
- the irradiation method after layer formation for the top surface portion 110B of the three-dimensional shaped object is not essential, and surface cutting may be performed after the inner solidified layer region 120 is formed by the irradiation method during material supply ( (See FIG. 6). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6, a surface cutting process may be performed using a milling head 40 of a cutting tool on the upper surface of the inner solidified layer region 120 formed by the irradiation method during raw material supply.
- the shape accuracy of the inner solidified layer region 120 formed by the irradiation method at the time of supplying the raw material is not so high, the shape accuracy of the region can be improved by surface cutting treatment.
- the powder layer used in the irradiation method after layer formation and the raw material used in the irradiation method during raw material supply may be made of different materials. That is, the material of the powder constituting the powder layer used in the irradiation method after layer formation and the material of the powder or filler material used in the irradiation method during raw material supply may be different from each other. Thereby, it is possible to obtain a three-dimensional shaped object that is more suitable for actual use.
- the powder layer of the irradiation method after layer formation for forming the contour solidified layer region 110 is made of an iron-based material, while the inner solidified layer region 120 is formed.
- the raw material of the irradiation method for supplying the layer raw material may be a copper-based material (see FIG. 2). While the iron-based material is a relatively hard material, the copper-based material is a material having a relatively high thermal conductivity, so that the outer surface portion can be hardened and a mold with improved heat transfer efficiency as a whole can be obtained. .
- the powder layer of the irradiation method after layer formation for forming the contour solidified layer region 110 is made of an iron-based material, while the inner solidified layer region 120 is used.
- the raw material for the irradiation method for forming the raw material may be an aluminum-based material (see FIG. 2). Where aluminum is a metal having a relatively low density, the inner solidified layer region 120 that may have a large occupied volume corresponding to the solid portion of the three-dimensionally shaped object 100 is a region containing such low density aluminum. Can be provided.
- the “surface 24M of the contour solidified layer region” corresponding to the interface between the contour solidified layer region 110 and the inner solidified layer region 120 is stepped.
- an irradiation method after layer formation may be carried out. If the powder layer of the irradiation method after layer formation and the raw material of the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply are made of different metal materials, an alloy composition is easily generated in the interface region between the contour solidified layer region 110 and the inner solidified layer region 120. It is. That is, as shown in the lower diagram of FIG. 7, the alloy composition region 130 can be formed in a region corresponding to the interface between the contour solidified layer region 110 and the inner solidified layer region 120.
- the contour solidified layer region formed in advance is partially affected by the light beam irradiation.
- Can melt the raw material is supplied to the melted portion, and “component of the contour solidified layer region (especially metal component)” and “component of the raw material supplied by the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply (particularly metal) Component) ”are mixed with each other, so that a solidified layer region of the alloy composition is formed.
- the horizontal surface is particularly susceptible to light beam irradiation when the raw material supply irradiation method is performed, and the contour solidified layer region is easily melted. That is, when the surface of the contour solidified layer region is stepped, the alloy composition region 130 is easily formed at the interface between the contour solidified layer region and the inner solidified layer region (see FIG. 7).
- the lower diagram of FIG. 7 shows that the solidified layer region 110 corresponding to the side surface portion of the three-dimensional shaped object is formed by the irradiation method after layer formation, and then the inner solidified layer region 120 is irradiated using the light beam L ′ when the raw material is supplied.
- the aspect formed by a system is shown notionally.
- the “stepped” surface is tapered in a three-dimensionally shaped object when viewed macroscopically, and therefore the alloy composition region 130 can be provided “obliquely” as a whole. .
- a solidified layer region made of an alloy composition can be provided in an “inclined manner” at the interface between the contour solidified layer region and the inner solidified layer region of the three-dimensional shaped object.
- the structural strength of can be improved. When the structural strength is improved in this way, inconveniences such as “cracking” of the three-dimensional shape modeling are effectively prevented.
- the raw material supply in the raw material supply irradiation method may be performed from an “oblique direction”. Specifically, as illustrated, the raw material may be supplied from a direction that forms an angle with respect to the stacking direction of the solidified layer of the three-dimensional shaped object.
- the powder supply nozzle 65 (particularly the nozzle axis) may be oriented in a direction that forms an angle with respect to the stacking direction of the solidified layer.
- the raw material supply in the oblique direction may be performed by driving the powder supply nozzle 65.
- the driving of the powder supply nozzle 65 and the driving of the table on which the solidified layer is laminated may be carried out.
- the wall surface part of the hollow part of a three-dimensional shape molded article by the irradiation system after layer formation.
- a hollow portion wall solidified layer region corresponding to a wall portion forming the hollow portion 150 is formed by an irradiation method after layer formation. It is preferable (see FIGS. 10 (a) to 10 (e)).
- the hollow portion 150 can be a temperature control medium path when the three-dimensional shaped object 100 is used as a mold, and in order to obtain a temperature control medium path having a desired shape, the irradiation method after layer formation with a relatively high shape accuracy is more preferable. Because it is suitable.
- the hollow portion wall solidified layer region 170 corresponding to the wall portion forming the hollow portion 150 is not only formed by the irradiation method after layer formation, but also other solidified layers.
- the region is also formed by irradiation after layer formation.
- the solidified layer regions corresponding to the side surface portion 110A and the top surface portion 110B are irradiated after layer formation (see FIGS. 10B and 10E), and further, the bottom portion 160
- the solidified layer region corresponding to is also formed by irradiation after layer formation (see FIG. 10A).
- the other solidified layer regions are formed by the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply.
- the region corresponding to the inside of the side surface portion 110A and the hollow portion wall solidified layer region 170 is formed by the irradiation method at the time of raw material supply. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 10C, the remaining powder 19a is first sucked and removed, and then the supply of the filler material 66 and the light beam L are substantially performed as shown in FIG. Simultaneously, the solidified layer region 120 is formed.
- the powder 64 may be supplied by spraying using the powder supply nozzle 65.
- First aspect A method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object by sequentially forming a plurality of solidified layers by light beam irradiation, Forming the solidified layer by a hybrid method combining a post-layer irradiation method in which the light beam irradiation is performed after the powder layer is formed and a raw material irradiation method in which the light beam irradiation is performed when the raw material is supplied.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object which is characterized.
- the three-dimensional shaped article is characterized in that the thickness of the solidified layer formed by the irradiation method at the time of supplying the raw material is larger than the thickness of the solidified layer formed by the irradiation method after the layer formation. Manufacturing method.
- Third aspect In the first aspect or the second aspect, a light beam condensing diameter of the light beam irradiation in the raw material supply irradiation method is larger than a light beam condensing diameter of the light beam irradiation in the post-layer irradiation method.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object characterized by the following.
- the contour solidified layer region corresponding to the contour portion of the three-dimensional shaped object is formed by the post-layer formation irradiation method, while the contour of the three-dimensional shaped object is formed.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object, characterized in that an inner solidified layer region that corresponds to a portion other than the portion and is located on the inner side of the contour portion is formed by the irradiation method during raw material supply.
- Fifth aspect Said 4th aspect WHEREIN: The said outline part is at least one of the side part and top
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped article is characterized in that a powder or a filler material is used as the raw material in the raw material supply irradiation method.
- the powder is spray-supplied to the light beam condensing part in the light beam irradiation, or the filler material is supplied so that the filler material reaches the light beam condensing part.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object which is characterized.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object characterized in that: Tenth aspect : In the ninth aspect, after the execution of the post-layer-forming irradiation method for forming the contour solidified layer region corresponding to the side surface portion, irradiation at the time of supplying the raw material for forming the inner solidified layer region A method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object, wherein the powder of the powder layer that has not contributed to the formation of the contour solidified layer region corresponding to the side surface portion is removed by suction before implementation of the method.
- Eleventh aspect In any one of the first to tenth aspects, when the three-dimensional shaped object to be manufactured has a hollow part, a hollow part wall solidified layer region corresponding to a wall part forming the hollow part is formed after the layer formation. 3.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object, characterized by forming by an irradiation method. 12th aspect Any one of the first to eleventh aspects is characterized in that the powder layer used in the irradiation method after the layer formation and the raw material used in the irradiation method during the raw material supply are made of different materials. Manufacturing method of original shaped object.
- the post-layer formation irradiation method is performed such that a surface of the contour solidified layer region corresponding to the interface between the contour solidified layer region corresponding to the side surface portion and the inner solidified layer region is stepped.
- a method for producing a three-dimensional shaped object characterized in that it is carried out.
- Various articles can be manufactured by carrying out the manufacturing method of a three-dimensional shaped object according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the powder layer is an inorganic metal powder layer and the solidified layer is a sintered layer
- the resulting three-dimensional shaped article is a plastic injection mold, a press mold, a die-cast mold, It can be used as a mold such as a casting mold or a forging mold.
- the powder layer is an organic resin powder layer and the solidified layer is a hardened layer
- the obtained three-dimensional shaped article can be used as a resin molded product.
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Abstract
Description
(i)粉末層の所定箇所に光ビームを照射し、かかる所定箇所の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程。
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、同様に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程。
光ビーム照射によって複数の固化層を逐次形成して三次元形状造形物を製造する方法であって、
粉末層の形成後に光ビーム照射が行われる層形成後照射方式と、原料の供給時に光ビーム照射が行われる原料供給時照射方式とを組み合わせたハイブリッド方式によって固化層を形成することを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法が提供される。
まず、本発明の製造方法の前提となる粉末焼結積層法について説明する。
本発明は、上述したような三次元形状造形物の製造において、固化層の形成手法に特徴を有している。特に、本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、少なくとも2種類の方式を組み合わせたハイブリット方式によって固化層を形成する。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、層形成後照射方式で用いる粉末層と、原料供給時照射方式で用いる原料とを互いに異なる材質にしてよい。つまり、層形成後照射方式で用いる粉末層を構成する粉末の材質と、原料供給時照射方式で用いる粉末または溶加材の材質とを互い異なる種類にしてよい。これにより、実際の用途により適した三次元形状造形物を得ることができる。例えば、三次元形状造形物100を金型として使用する場合、輪郭固化層領域110の形成のための層形成後照射方式の粉末層を鉄系材質にする一方、内側固化層領域120の形成のための層原料供給時照射方式の原料を銅系材質としてよい(図2参照)。鉄系材質は比較的硬い材質である一方、銅系材質は比較的熱伝導率が高い材質であるので、外面部を硬くできると共に、全体として伝熱効率を向上させた金型を得ることができる。別法にて三次元形状造形物を全体として軽量化させたい場合では、輪郭固化層領域110の形成のための層形成後照射方式の粉末層を鉄系材質にする一方、内側固化層領域120の形成のための原料供給時照射方式の原料をアルミニウム系材質としてよい(図2参照)。アルミニウムは密度が比較的小さい金属であるところ、三次元形状造形物100の中実部分に相当して大きい占有体積を有し得る内側固化層領域120をそのような小さい密度のアルミニウムを含んだ領域として設けることができる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、図7に示すように、輪郭固化層領域110と内側固化層領域120との界面に相当する「輪郭固化層領域の面24M」が段差状となるように層形成後照射方式を実施してよい。層形成後照射方式の粉末層と原料供給時照射方式の原料とを互いに異なる金属材質にした場合、輪郭固化層領域110と内側固化層領域120との界面領域に合金組成を生じさせ易くなるからである。つまり、図7の下図に示されるように、輪郭固化層領域110と内側固化層領域120との界面に相当する領域において合金組成領域130を形成することができる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、図8に示すように、原料供給時照射方式における原料供給を“斜め方向”から行ってよい。具体的には、図示するように、三次元形状造形物の固化層の積層方向に対して角度を成す方向から原料を供給してよい。原料供給時照射方式に粉末64を用いる場合、粉末供給ノズル65(特にそのノズル軸)を固化層の積層方向に対して角度を成す方向に向けてよい。かかる場合、粉末供給ノズル65を駆動させることによって斜め方向の原料供給を行ってよい。あるいは、固化層が積層される台(すなわち、造形テーブルおよび/またはその上に設けられる造形プレート)を駆動させることによって斜め方向の原料供給を行ってもよい。更には、斜め方向の原料供給のために、粉末供給ノズル65の駆動と固化層が積層される台の駆動とを併せて実施してもよい。
本発明の一実施形態に係る製造方法では、三次元形状造形物の中空部の壁面部分を層形成後照射方式で形成することが好ましい。具体的には、三次元形状造形物100が中空部150を有する場合(図9参照)、かかる中空部150を形作る壁面部分に相当する中空部壁固化層領域を層形成後照射方式で形成することが好ましい(図10(a)~図10(e)参照)。中空部150は三次元形状造形物100を金型として使用する場合に温調媒体路となり得るところ、所望形状の温調媒体路を得るには形状精度が比較的高い層形成後照射方式がより適しているからである。
第1態様:
光ビーム照射によって複数の固化層を逐次形成して三次元形状造形物を製造する方法であって、
粉末層の形成後に前記光ビーム照射が行われる層形成後照射方式と、原料の供給時に前記光ビーム照射が行われる原料供給時照射方式とを組み合わせたハイブリッド方式によって前記固化層を形成することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第2態様:
上記第1態様において、前記原料供給時照射方式で形成する前記固化層の厚みが、前記層形成後照射方式で形成する前記固化層の厚みよりも大きいことを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第3態様:
上記第1態様又は第2態様において、前記原料供給時照射方式の前記光ビーム照射の光ビーム集光径が、前記層形成後照射方式の前記光ビーム照射の光ビーム集光径よりも大きいことを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第4態様:
上記第1態様~第3態様のいずれかにおいて、前記三次元形状造形物の輪郭部に相当する輪郭固化層領域を前記層形成後照射方式で形成する一方、該三次元形状造形物の該輪郭部以外に相当し、該輪郭部よりも内側に位置する内側固化層領域を前記原料供給時照射方式で形成することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第5態様:
上記第4態様において、前記輪郭部が前記三次元形状造形物の側面部分および天面部分の少なくとも一方であることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第6態様:
上記第1態様~第5態様のいずれかにおいて、前記原料供給時照射方式の前記原料として粉末または溶加材を用いることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第7態様:
上記第6態様において、前記光ビーム照射における光ビーム集光部に対して前記粉末を噴霧供給する又は該光ビーム集光部に前記溶加材が至るように該溶加材を供給することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第8態様:
上記第6態様又は第7態様において、前記溶加材として金属ワイヤーを用いることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第9態様:
上記第5態様において、前記内側固化層領域を形成するための前記原料供給時照射方式に先立って、前記側面部分に相当する前記輪郭固化層領域を形成するための前記層形成後照射方式を実施することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第10態様:
上記第9態様において、前記側面部分に相当する前記輪郭固化層領域を形成するための前記層形成後照射方式の実施後であって、前記内側固化層領域を形成するための前記原料供給時照射方式の実施前において、該側面部分に相当する該輪郭固化層領域の形成に寄与しなかった前記粉末層の粉末を吸引除去することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第11態様:
上記第1態様~第10態様のいずれかにおいて、前記製造する前記三次元形状造形物が中空部を有する場合、該中空部を形作る壁面部分に相当する中空部壁固化層領域を前記層形成後照射方式で形成することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第12態様:
上記第1態様~第11態様のいずれかにおいて、前記層形成後照射方式で用いる前記粉末層と、前記原料供給時照射方式で用いる前記原料とを互いに異なる材質にすることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第13態様:
上記第9態様において、前記側面部分に相当する前記輪郭固化層領域と前記内側固化層領域との界面に相当する該輪郭固化層領域の面が段差状となるように前記層形成後照射方式を実施することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
24 固化層
50 層形成後照射方式
60 原料供給時照射方式
64 原料供給時照射方式で使用される粉末
66 原料供給時照射方式で使用される溶加材
100 三次元形状造形物
110 三次元形状造形物の輪郭部に相当する輪郭固化層領域
110A 三次元形状造形物の側面部分
110B 三次元形状造形物の天面部分
120 三次元形状造形物の輪郭部以外に相当する内側固化層領域
150 三次元形状造形物の中空部
170 中空部壁固化層領域
L 光ビーム
Claims (13)
- 光ビーム照射によって複数の固化層を逐次形成して三次元形状造形物を製造する方法であって、
粉末層の形成後に前記光ビーム照射が行われる層形成後照射方式と、原料の供給時に前記光ビーム照射が行われる原料供給時照射方式とを組み合わせたハイブリッド方式によって前記固化層を形成することを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。 - 前記原料供給時照射方式で形成する前記固化層の厚みが、前記層形成後照射方式で形成する前記固化層の厚みよりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記原料供給時照射方式の前記光ビーム照射の光ビーム集光径が、前記層形成後照射方式の前記光ビーム照射の光ビーム集光径よりも大きいことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記三次元形状造形物の輪郭部に相当する輪郭固化層領域を前記層形成後照射方式で形成する一方、該三次元形状造形物の該輪郭部以外に相当し、該輪郭部よりも内側に位置する内側固化層領域を前記原料供給時照射方式で形成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記輪郭部が前記三次元形状造形物の側面部分および天面部分の少なくとも一方であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記原料供給時照射方式の前記原料として粉末または溶加材を用いることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記光ビーム照射における光ビーム集光部に対して前記粉末を噴霧供給する又は該光ビーム集光部に前記溶加材が至るように該溶加材を供給することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記溶加材として金属ワイヤーを用いることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記内側固化層領域を形成するための前記原料供給時照射方式に先立って、前記側面部分に相当する前記輪郭固化層領域を形成するための前記層形成後照射方式を実施することを特徴とする、請求項5に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記側面部分に相当する前記輪郭固化層領域を形成するための前記層形成後照射方式の実施後であって、前記内側固化層領域を形成するための前記原料供給時照射方式の実施前において、該側面部分に相当する該輪郭固化層領域の形成に寄与しなかった前記粉末層の粉末を吸引除去することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記製造する前記三次元形状造形物が中空部を有する場合、該中空部を形作る壁面部分に相当する中空部壁固化層領域を前記層形成後照射方式で形成することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記層形成後照射方式で用いる前記粉末層と、前記原料供給時照射方式で用いる前記原料とを互いに異なる材質にすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記側面部分に相当する前記輪郭固化層領域と前記内側固化層領域との界面に相当する該輪郭固化層領域の面が段差状となるように前記層形成後照射方式を実施することを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
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