WO2014010144A1 - 三次元形状造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
三次元形状造形物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014010144A1 WO2014010144A1 PCT/JP2013/001378 JP2013001378W WO2014010144A1 WO 2014010144 A1 WO2014010144 A1 WO 2014010144A1 JP 2013001378 W JP2013001378 W JP 2013001378W WO 2014010144 A1 WO2014010144 A1 WO 2014010144A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object. More specifically, the present invention manufactures a three-dimensional shaped object in which a plurality of solidified layers are laminated and integrated by repeatedly applying a light beam to a predetermined region of a powder layer to form a solidified layer. On the way.
- a method (generally referred to as "powder sinter lamination method") of irradiating a powder material with a light beam to produce a three-dimensional shaped object is known.
- a method “the (i) a predetermined area of the powder layer is irradiated with a light beam to sinter or solidify the powder of the predetermined area to form a solidified layer, and (ii) the solidified layer obtained A new powder layer is applied on the top, and a light beam is similarly irradiated to form a solidified layer "repeatedly to manufacture a three-dimensional shaped object (see Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2).
- the obtained three-dimensional shaped object can be used as a mold.
- the obtained three-dimensional shaped object can be used as a model. According to such a manufacturing technique, it is possible to manufacture a complicated three-dimensional shaped object in a short time.
- a metal powder is used as the powder material, and the resulting three-dimensional shaped object is used as a mold.
- a powder layer 22 having a predetermined thickness t1 is formed on the shaping plate 21 (see FIG. 1 (a)), and then a light beam is irradiated to a predetermined region of the powder layer 22 for shaping
- the solidified layer 24 is formed on the plate 21.
- a new powder layer 22 is placed on the formed solidified layer 24, and the light beam is irradiated again to form a new solidified layer.
- a three-dimensional shaped object in which a plurality of solidified layers 24 are integrally laminated can be obtained (see FIG. 1B). Since the solidified layer corresponding to the lowermost layer can be formed in a state of being adhered to the modeling plate surface, the three-dimensional shaped article and the modeling plate are integrated with each other, and can be used as a mold as it is.
- the inventors of the present application have found that a phenomenon peculiar to it occurs when the light beam is irradiated in a plurality of divided passes. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 14, when the irradiation path of the light beam is divided into a plurality of sub-irradiation paths, and light beam irradiation is sequentially performed in units of the divided sub-irradiation paths, It has been found that a phenomenon occurs in which the solidified layer locally rises. In particular, it has been found that when the light beam is sequentially irradiated in a short sub-irradiation path of a predetermined length or less, the solidified layer tends to be locally raised.
- Such localized bumps are particularly pronounced when short sub-irradiation paths are located at the periphery of the irradiated area (ie, the "peripheral portion of the predetermined area of the powder layer" corresponding to the outer periphery of the formed solidified layer).
- the temperature tends to rise relatively, so that the powder / solidified part may be too melted. That is, the melted powder / solidified part can be in the shape of a ball due to surface tension, but when the amount of melting is large, the “ball shape” becomes large, and when it cools and solidifies it becomes “local bumps”. I will.
- the squeezing blade collides with the local ridge during the powder supply of the next layer, and as a result, the desired powder layer can not be formed. . That is, the powder sinter lamination method can not be carried out continuously.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a “manufacturing method of a three-dimensionally shaped object” that reduces “local bumps” that can be generated by light beam irradiation performed under conditions where the irradiation path is divided.
- the present invention (I) irradiating a predetermined area of the powder layer with a light beam by scanning the light beam to sinter or solidify the powder of the predetermined area to form a solidified layer; and (ii) the obtained solidified Forming a new powder layer on the layer and irradiating the predetermined area of the new powder layer with a light beam to form a further solidified layer; and repeating the step (ii) to form a three-dimensional shape
- a method of producing a shaped object The irradiation path of the light beam in the predetermined region of the powder layer is divided into a plurality of sub-irradiation paths, whereby "short sub-irradiation path less than a predetermined length" and "a predetermined length or more as sub-irradiation paths" Sub-irradiation path, and In the steps (i) and (ii), there is provided a method of producing a three-dimensional shaped object, characterized in that the irradiation
- the feature of the present invention is to form a suitable solidified layer focusing on the "large” and "small” of the length of the divided sub-irradiation path.
- the light beam energy to be provided is made smaller than the “long sub-irradiation path longer than the predetermined length” for “the short sub-irradiation path which is less than the predetermined length” among the sub-irradiation paths.
- the light beam irradiation in the “short sub-irradiation path” may make the irradiation output of the light beam smaller than that in the “long sub-irradiation path”, increase the diameter of the light beam, or widen the path interval. preferable.
- the irradiation paths may be divided such that the “short sub-irradiation path” is positioned at the outermost periphery of the predetermined area of the powder layer.
- another long sub-irradiation path is newly constructed by serially combining the "short sub-irradiation path" with the "long sub-irradiation path" adjacent to it.
- the path length of “short sub-irradiation paths” is scanned along the "orthogonal direction" to be longer.
- “short sub-irradiation path a” and “short sub-irradiation path b” are present adjacent to each other in a direction orthogonal to their path scanning direction
- “short sub-irradiation path After the light beam irradiation to a ′ ′, the light beam irradiation of “short sub-irradiation path b” to be performed subsequently is performed after the solidified portion temperature at least in “short sub-irradiation path a” is lowered.
- the light beam is scanned separately so that short sub-irradiation paths adjacent to each other in parallel are not continuously subjected to the light beam irradiation.
- the sub-irradiation is performed based on the "contour of the predetermined area of the powder layer" so that the "short sub-irradiation path" is not provided at the outermost periphery of the predetermined area of the powder layer. Divide the pass.
- the occurrence of "local bumps (i.e., local bumps of the solidified layer)" can be prevented.
- the present invention can avoid the problems of the prior art caused by the "local bumps". Therefore, it is possible to avoid, for example, "a defect that the squeezing blade collides with the" local ridge "during powder feeding and can not form a desired powder layer".
- the problem that “the thickness of the powder layer to be formed next changes locally due to“ local bumps ”” can be avoided.
- each of the scans The solidified portions to be formed each have a substantially uniform thickness. That is, a substantially uniform solidified layer can be obtained when viewed as a whole.
- the subsequent “powder layer formation by slide movement of the squeezing blade” can be suitably performed, and the thickness of the powder layer formed thereby can be approximately It can also be made constant (especially when the powder layer thickness becomes constant, it becomes easy to ensure the uniformity of the solidified density etc. for the solidified layer obtained from such a powder layer).
- the subsequent powder layer formation can be suitably carried out, and finally, a three-dimensional shaped article of desired quality can be efficiently obtained.
- the perspective view which showed typically the aspect by which the powder sinter lamination method is performed The perspective view which showed typically the structure of the optical forming compound processing machine which can implement a powder sinter lamination method
- FIG. 2 (b) not provided with a cutting mechanism apparatus
- Flow chart of the operation of the stereolithography compound processing machine A schematic diagram showing the light shaping combined processing process over time
- powder layer refers to, for example, "metal powder layer composed of metal powder” or “resin powder layer composed of resin powder”.
- region of a powder layer substantially means the area
- solidified layer substantially means “sintered layer” when the powder layer is a metal powder layer, and “hardened layer” is substantially when the powder layer is a resin powder layer. Meaning.
- the powder sinter lamination method which is the premise of the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described.
- the powder sinter lamination method will be described on the assumption that the material powder is supplied from a material powder tank and the material powder is leveled using a squeegee blade to form a powder layer.
- an aspect of composite processing in which cutting of a shaped object is also performed is described as an example (that is, the aspect shown in FIG. 2A instead of FIG. And).
- FIGS. 1, 3 and 4 show the function and configuration of an optical shaping compound processing machine capable of performing the powder sinter lamination method and the cutting process.
- the stereolithography compound processing machine 1 includes “a powder layer forming means 2 for forming a powder layer by laying a powder such as a metal powder and a resin powder with a predetermined thickness” and “in a shaping tank 29 whose outer periphery is surrounded by a wall 27 "Modeling table 20 for moving up and down”, “modeling plate 21 arranged on the modeling table 20 and serving as a foundation of the model”, “light beam irradiation means 3 for irradiating the light beam L to an arbitrary position” and “model And “cutting means 4 for scraping the periphery of”.
- the powder layer forming means 2 is, as shown in FIG.
- the light beam irradiating means 3 “a light beam oscillator 30 that emits a light beam L” and “a galvano mirror 31 (a scan that scans the light beam L on the powder layer 22 Optical system) ". If necessary, the light beam irradiation means 3 has a beam shape correction means (for example, a pair of cylindrical lenses for correcting the shape of the light beam spot, and a rotational drive mechanism for rotating such lenses about the axis of the light beam).
- a beam shape correction means for example, a pair of cylindrical lenses for correcting the shape of the light beam spot, and a rotational drive mechanism for rotating such lenses about the axis of the light beam).
- the cutting means 4 mainly has "a milling head 40 for shaving the periphery of a shaped object” and “an XY drive mechanism 41 (41a, 41b) for moving the milling head 40 to a cutting location" (FIG. 3 and FIG. 4).
- FIG. 5 shows a general operation flow of the optical forming compound processing machine
- FIG. 6 schematically and simply shows the optical forming compound processing process.
- the operation of the optical forming combined processing machine includes a powder layer forming step (S1) of forming the powder layer 22, and a solidified layer forming step (S2) of irradiating the powder layer 22 with the light beam L to form the solidified layer 24; It mainly comprises from the cutting step (S3) which cuts the surface of a modeling thing.
- the powder layer forming step (S1) first, the shaping table 20 is lowered by ⁇ t1 (S11). Then, the powder table 25 is raised by ⁇ t1. Then, as shown in FIG.
- the squeegee blade 23 is moved in the direction of arrow A, and the powder arranged on the powder table 25 (for example, "iron powder with an average particle diameter of about 5 .mu.m to 100 .mu.m” or “Powder such as nylon, polypropylene, ABS or the like having an average particle diameter of about 30 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m” is transferred onto the shaping plate 21 (S12), and the powder layer 22 is formed by uniforming to a predetermined thickness ⁇ t1 (S13).
- the process proceeds to a solidified layer forming step (S2).
- a light beam L (for example, a carbon dioxide gas laser (about 500 W), an Nd: YAG laser (about 500 W), a fiber laser (about 500 W) or ultraviolet light) is emitted from the light beam oscillator 30 (S21)
- the light beam L is scanned by the galvano mirror 31 at an arbitrary position on the powder layer 22 (S22), and the powder is melted and solidified to form the solidified layer 24 integrated with the shaping plate 21 (S23).
- the light beam is not limited to transmission in air, but may be transmitted by an optical fiber or the like.
- the powder layer forming step (S1) and the solidified layer forming step (S2) are repeated until the thickness of the solidified layer 24 reaches a predetermined thickness obtained from the tool length of the milling head 40 and the like, and the solidified layer 24 is laminated (FIG. 1) (B)).
- stacked will be integrated with the solidified layer which forms the lower layer already formed in sintering or fusion-solidification.
- the process proceeds to the cutting step (S3).
- the execution of the cutting step is started by driving the milling head 40 (S31).
- the tool (ball end mill) of the milling head 40 has a diameter of 1 mm and an effective blade length of 3 mm, cutting can be performed 3 mm deep, so if ⁇ t1 is 0.05 mm, 60 solidified layers are formed At this point, the milling head 40 is driven.
- the milling head 40 is moved in the directions of arrow X and arrow Y by the XY drive mechanism 41 (41a, 41b) to cut the surface of the object formed of the solidified layers 24 laminated (S32).
- the three-dimensional shaped object is manufactured by repeating S1 to S3 and laminating the additional solidified layer 24 (see FIG. 6).
- the irradiation path of the light beam L in the solidified layer forming step (S2) and the cutting path in the cutting step (S3) are created in advance from three-dimensional CAD data.
- contour processing is applied to determine a processing path.
- outline shape data of each cross section sliced at an equal pitch for example, 0.05 mm pitch when ⁇ t1 is 0.05 mm
- STL data generated from a three-dimensional CAD model is used for STL data generated from a three-dimensional CAD model .
- the present invention is characterized in the formation mode of the solidified layer among the above-mentioned powder sinter lamination method.
- hatching / pass irradiation path for scanning the light beam so as to paint the “predetermined area”
- the irradiation method of the light beam is changed according to the length of each hatching path, ie, the length of each irradiation path. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the light beam irradiation method is changed depending on whether the irradiation path is short or long.
- the reason for dividing and dividing the irradiation path into sub-irradiation paths is to continuously scan the light beam from end to end of the predetermined region of the powder layer (for example, from “end a” as shown in FIG.
- the shrinkage (residual stress) at the time of forming the solidified layer becomes large, and the resulting molded article tends to be warped (“JPKruth, et al .: Selective laser melting of iron-based powder, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 149, No. 1-3 (2004), pp. 616-622.
- the short sub-irradiation path may be divided so as to be positioned at the outermost periphery of the predetermined region of the powder layer.
- the presence of a short sub-irradiation path at the "outer periphery" ie, the periphery of the predetermined area in the powder layer
- the method of the present invention According to the above, the occurrence of such local bumps can be effectively reduced.
- changing the light beam irradiation method means “various modifications of the light beam irradiation mode” except for the mode in which only the scanning speed of the light beam is changed. That is, the aspect of “changing the light beam irradiation method” in the present invention does not include the aspect of changing only the "scanning speed" of the light beam.
- the irradiation method of light beam energy may be changed according to the length of the sub-irradiation path (see FIG. 8A). More specifically, the “short sub-irradiation path less than a predetermined length” may make the light beam energy smaller than the “long sub-irradiation path having a predetermined length or more”. That is, the irradiation energy of the light beam in the short sub irradiation path may be smaller than the irradiation energy of the light beam in the long sub irradiation path. This makes it possible to more preferably prevent the occurrence of "local bumps".
- the irradiation power P of the light beam may be smaller than in the long sub-irradiation path (see FIG. 8B).
- the focusing diameter (spot diameter ⁇ ) of the light beam may be larger than that in the long sub-irradiation path (see FIG. 8C). This is because the energy of the light beam irradiation is dispersed when the diameter of the light collection diameter is increased, so that the irradiation part is unlikely to be rapidly heated.
- the path interval (interval of the irradiation paths located in parallel) may be wider than the long sub-irradiation path (see FIG. 8C). This is because the energy of the light beam irradiation is dispersed when the pass interval is wide, and it becomes difficult for the irradiation part to be rapidly heated.
- the light beam irradiation condition of the long sub-irradiation path is, for example, the following condition.
- Light beam with a short sub-irradiation path under the condition that "increases the diameter of the light beam” and “increases the path distance” (and sometimes “changes the scanning speed of the light beam”) Irradiation may be performed.
- the “predetermined length” of the threshold for distinguishing between “short sub-irradiation path” and “long sub-irradiation path” is, for example, 0.1 to 2.0 mm (eg, 1.5 mm), preferably 0. It may be 1 to 1.0 mm (eg, 0.5 mm).
- the threshold is 1.5 mm, for example, a path with a length of less than 1.5 mm corresponds to a "short sub-irradiation path", while a path with a length of 1.5 mm or more is a "long sub-irradiation” Corresponds to the path.
- the maximum length of the long sub-irradiation path may be, for example, about 3 mm to 15 mm.
- the “local ridge” can be reduced by the method described below.
- FIG. 1 An aspect of “orthogonal scanning in the short sub-irradiation pass region” is shown in FIG. In this aspect, in a local area where a plurality of short sub-irradiation areas exist, the light beam is scanned so as to be orthogonal to the short sub-irradiation path so as to be longer than the path length of the short sub-irradiation path.
- the short sub-irradiation paths are shorter so as to be longer than the path length of the short sub-irradiation paths
- the light beam is scanned along a direction orthogonal to the scanning direction of the path (see FIG. 10). That is, in this aspect, the light beam irradiation is performed by changing the light beam scanning direction in the area of the short sub-irradiation path with the scanning direction of the light beam in the other area.
- the occurrence of the "local bumps" can be effectively avoided, and a solidified layer having a substantially uniform thickness as a whole can be obtained. That is, the subsequent powder layer formation can be suitably carried out, and finally, a three-dimensional shaped object of desired quality can be efficiently obtained.
- the orthogonal direction does not necessarily have to be 90 ° with respect to “the scanning direction of the short sub-irradiation path”, and a direction slightly deviated from that (for example, within the range of 90 ° ⁇ 20 °) It may be an offset direction, and in some cases, an offset direction within a range of 90 ° ⁇ 10 °).
- control of cooling time The aspect of "control of cooling time” is shown in FIG.
- the light beam irradiation of the next short pass is performed after the temperature of the short pass area decreases.
- the short sub-irradiation path a and the short sub-irradiation path b are adjacent to each other in the direction orthogonal to the path scanning direction, the light beam irradiation to the short sub-irradiation path a
- the temperature of the solidified portion in at least the short sub-irradiation path a decreases
- light beam irradiation of the short sub-irradiation path b to be performed subsequently is performed.
- the light beam of the short sub-irradiation path b Start irradiation.
- the cooling time of the solidified portion of the preceding short sub-irradiation path considering “the cooling time of the solidified portion of the preceding short sub-irradiation path", the occurrence of the "local bumps" can be reduced, and a solidified layer having a substantially uniform thickness as a whole can be obtained. . Therefore, also in the present embodiment, the subsequent powder layer formation can be suitably carried out, and finally, a three-dimensional shaped object of desired quality can be efficiently obtained.
- the measurement of the solidified portion temperature of the short sub-irradiation path a may use, for example, a non-contact thermometer (thermography or the like). In that case, after the light beam irradiation of the short sub-irradiation path a is confirmed by the non-contact thermometer with a decrease in the solidified portion temperature in the short sub-irradiation path a, the light beam irradiation of the short sub-irradiation path b is performed subsequently You may
- the light beam may be irradiated in the order of (1) ⁇ (2) ⁇ (3) ⁇ (long sub-irradiation path in the middle of them) Irradiation may be performed).
- the generation of the "local ridge" can be prevented in the short sub-irradiation path region (the region where a plurality of short sub-irradiation paths exist in parallel).
- a solidified layer of substantially uniform thickness can be obtained. Therefore, the powder layer formation after this can be suitably implemented also in this mode, and a three-dimensional shaped object of desired quality can be obtained efficiently finally.
- “scanning the light beam separately” means that a plurality of short sub-illumination paths are adjacent to each other in parallel along a direction orthogonal to the path scanning direction. This means that the light beams are scanned by "flying" so that the short sub-irradiation paths are not continuously subjected to the light beam irradiation.
- the hatching / path is newly generated with the outline of the predetermined area as the starting point. This means that the sub-irradiation path is reconstructed so that the short sub-irradiation path is located inside the model (within the predetermined area).
- the “local bumps” can be reduced more effectively, and a solidified layer having a substantially uniform thickness as a whole can be obtained. That is, reconstruction of the sub-irradiation path as shown in FIG. 13 can avoid "local bumps", particularly "local bumps” due to the above phenomenon. Therefore, the powder layer formation after that can be suitably implemented also in this mode, and a three-dimensional shaped object of desired quality can be obtained efficiently finally.
- the present invention as described above includes the following aspects: First aspect: (i) irradiating the light beam to a predetermined region of the powder layer by scanning the light beam to sinter or solidify the powder of the predetermined region to form a solidified layer; (ii ) Forming a new powder layer on the obtained solidified layer, and irradiating the light beam to a predetermined region of the new powder layer to form a further solidified layer, thereby repeating the powder layer formation and the solidified layer formation.
- the irradiation path of the light beam in the predetermined area is divided into a plurality of sub-irradiation paths, whereby a short sub-irradiation path less than a predetermined length and a length equal to or longer than the predetermined length Sub-irradiation pass and is included, In the steps (i) and (ii), a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object, wherein the irradiation method of the light beam is changed according to the length of the sub-irradiation path.
- Second aspect In the first aspect, the method for producing a three-dimensional shaped article, wherein the light beam energy to be provided is made smaller for the short sub-irradiation path than for the long sub-irradiation path.
- Third aspect in the second aspect, in the short sub-irradiation path, the irradiation output of the light beam is made smaller than the long sub-irradiation path, the diameter of collected light beams is enlarged, or the path interval is The manufacturing method of the three-dimensional shaped article characterized by making it wide.
- Fourth aspect in any one of the first to third aspects, the irradiation path is divided such that the short sub-irradiation path is positioned at the outermost periphery of the predetermined region of the powder layer.
- the short sub-illumination paths A method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped article, characterized in that the light beam is scanned along the orthogonal direction so as to be longer than the path length of the irradiation path.
- Seventh aspect in any one of the first to sixth aspects, in the case where the short sub-irradiation path a and the short sub-irradiation path b are adjacent to each other in a direction orthogonal to their path scanning direction, After the light beam irradiation to the short sub-irradiation path a, at least the solidified portion temperature in the short sub-irradiation path a decreases, and the light beam irradiation of the short sub-irradiation path b is subsequently performed.
- a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object in the case where the short sub-irradiation path a and the short sub-irradiation path b are adjacent to each other in a direction orthogonal to their path scanning direction.
- the light beam is arranged such that the short sub-irradiation paths adjacent to each other in parallel are not continuously subjected to the light beam irradiation
- a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped object characterized by: Ninth aspect : In any one of the first aspect to the eighth aspect, the outline of the predetermined area of the powder layer such that the short sub-irradiation path is not provided at the outermost peripheral edge of the predetermined area.
- the three-dimensional shaped object to be obtained is a plastic injection molding die, a press die, a die casting die, It can be used as a mold such as a casting mold and a forging mold.
- the powder layer is an organic resin powder layer and the solidified layer is a hardened layer
- the obtained three-dimensional shaped object can be used as a resin molded product.
- Powder / Powder Layer e.g. Metal Powder / Metal Powder Layer or Resin Powder / Resin Powder Layer
- modeling table support table
- shaping plate 22 powder layer (for example, metal powder layer or resin powder layer) 23
- Squeegee blade 24 Solidified layer (eg sintered layer or hardened layer) or three-dimensional shaped object 25 obtained therefrom powder table 26 powder material tank wall portion 27 shaped tank wall portion 28 powder material tank 29 shaped tank 30
- Light beam oscillator 31 Galvano mirror 32 Reflection mirror 33 Focusing lens 40 Milling head 41 XY drive mechanism 41a X axis drive unit 41b Y axis drive unit 42 Tool magazine 50 Chamber 52 Light transmission window L Light beam
Abstract
Description
(i)光ビームを走査することによって粉末層の所定領域に光ビームを照射してその所定領域の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程、および
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、その新たな粉末層の所定領域に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程
を含み、該工程(ii)を繰り返して行う三次元形状造形物の製造方法であって、
粉末層の前記所定領域における光ビームの照射パスが、複数のサブ照射パスへと区分けされており、それによって、サブ照射パスとして「所定長さ未満の短サブ照射パス」と「所定長さ以上の長サブ照射パス」とが含まれており、
工程(i)および(ii)では、サブ照射パスの長さに応じて光ビームの照射方法を変えることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法が提供される。
まず、本発明の製造方法の前提となる粉末焼結積層法について説明する。説明の便宜上、材料粉末タンクから材料粉末を供給し、スキージング・ブレードを用いて材料粉末を均して粉末層を形成する態様を前提として粉末焼結積層法を説明する。また、粉末焼結積層法に際しては造形物の切削加工をも併せて行う複合加工の態様を例に挙げて説明する(つまり、図2(b)ではなく図2(a)に表す態様を前提とする)。図1,3および4には、粉末焼結積層法と切削加工とを実施できる光造形複合加工機の機能および構成が示されている。光造形複合加工機1は、「金属粉末および樹脂粉末などの粉末を所定の厚みで敷くことによって粉末層を形成する粉末層形成手段2」と「外周が壁27で囲まれた造形タンク29内において上下に昇降する造形テーブル20」と「造形テーブル20上に配され造形物の土台となる造形プレート21」と「光ビームLを任意の位置に照射する光ビーム照射手段3」と「造形物の周囲を削る切削手段4」とを主として備えている。粉末層形成手段2は、図1に示すように、「外周が壁26で囲まれた材料粉末タンク28内において上下に昇降する粉末テーブル25」と「造形プレート上に粉末層22を形成するためのスキージング・ブレード23」とを主として有して成る。光ビーム照射手段3は、図3および図4に示すように、「光ビームLを発する光ビーム発振器30」と「光ビームLを粉末層22の上にスキャニング(走査)するガルバノミラー31(スキャン光学系)」とを主として有して成る。必要に応じて、光ビーム照射手段3には、光ビームスポットの形状を補正するビーム形状補正手段(例えば一対のシリンドリカルレンズと、かかるレンズを光ビームの軸線回りに回転させる回転駆動機構とを有して成る手段)やfθレンズなどが具備されている。切削手段4は、「造形物の周囲を削るミーリングヘッド40」と「ミーリングヘッド40を切削箇所へと移動させるXY駆動機構41(41a,41b)」とを主として有して成る(図3および図4参照)。
本発明は、上述した粉末焼結積層法のなかでも、固化層の形成態様に特徴を有している。特に、粉末層の所定領域に光ビーム照射を施して固化層を形成する際のハッチング・パス(“所定領域”を塗りつぶすように光ビームを走査するための照射パス)および/または光ビーム照射条件に特徴を有している。具体的には、本発明においては、個々のハッチング・パスの長さ、即ち、個々の照射パスの長さに応じて光ビームの照射方法を変える。例えば図7に示すように、粉末層の照射領域(固化層形成のために光ビーム照射が施される粉末層領域)において「所定長さ未満の短サブ照射パス」と「所定長さ以上の長サブ照射パス」とに照射パスを区分けする場合、そのように区分けされた照射パスの長さに応じて光ビームの照射方法を変える。つまり、連続的に途切れずに光ビームが照射されるパス単位として「短い照射パス」と「長い照射パス」とを含む場合、そのようなパス単位の“長さ”に応じて光ビームの照射方法を変える。換言すれば、短い照射パスであるか、長い照射パスであるかによって光ビームの照射方法を変える。尚、照射パスをサブ照射パスへと区分け・分割する理由は、粉末層の所定領域の端から端まで光ビームを連続的に走査すると(例えば図7に示すような“端部a”から“端部b”まで光ビームを連続的に走査すると)、固化層形成時の収縮(残留応力)が大きくなり、得られる造形物に反りが生じ易くなるからである(「J.P.Kruth, et al. :Selective laser melting of iron-based powder, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol.149, No.1-3(2004), pp616-622」参照)。
・長サブ照射パスの条件例(レーザー種類:CO 2 レーザ、粉末層厚み:0.05mm、パス長さ:5mm)
・照射出力(W):100~1000
・集光径(mm):0.1~2.0
・パス間隔(mm):0.01~2.0
“短サブ照射パスの直列的併合”の態様を図9に示す。かかる態様では、短サブ照射パスとそれに隣接する長サブ照射パスとを直列的に合わせ、それによって、別の長サブ照射パスを新たに構築する。これにより、実際の光ビーム照射時にて粉末層の所定領域の照射パスとして“短サブ照射パス”が存在しなくなる。“短サブ照射パス”が存在しなくなると、そのような短いパスに起因する“局所的隆起部”を回避することができ、全体として略均一な厚さの固化層を得ることができる。その結果、以降の粉末層形成を好適に実施でき、最終的に所望品質の三次元形状造形物を効率的に得ることができる。
“短サブ照射パス領域における直交走査”の態様を図10に示す。かかる態様では、短いサブ照射領域が複数存在する局所的領域にて、短サブ照射パスのパス長さよりも長くなるように、そのパスと直交するように光ビームの走査を行う。具体的には、複数の短サブ照射パスがそのパス走査方向と直交する方向に沿って相互に並列的に隣接している場合、その短サブ照射パスのパス長さよりも長くなるように、短いパスの走査方向と直交する方向に沿って光ビームを走査する(図10参照)。つまり、かかる態様では、短サブ照射パスの領域における光ビーム走査方向を、その他の領域における光ビームの走査方向と変えて光ビーム照射を実施する。
“冷却時間の制御”の態様を図11に示す。かかる態様では、短いパス領域の温度が下がってから隣の短いパスの光ビーム照射を行う。具体的には図示するように、短サブ照射パスaと短サブ照射パスbとがそれらのパス走査方向と直交する方向に相互に隣接して存在する場合、短サブ照射パスaに対する光ビーム照射後、少なくとも短サブ照射パスaにおける固化部温度が低下してから、引き続いて行う短サブ照射パスbの光ビーム照射を実施する。例えば、短サブ照射パスaの光ビーム照射を完了してから所定時間の経過後(例えば50~700ms経過してから、好ましくは80~600ms経過してから)、短サブ照射パスbの光ビーム照射を開始する。
“短サブ照射パス領域における離隔的照射”の態様を図12に示す。かかる態様では、隣接して存在する短いパス同士が連続して照射されないようにする。具体的には、相互に並列的に隣接する短サブ照射パス同士が連続して光ビーム照射に付されることがないように、光ビームの走査を離隔的に行う。
“外形基準のサブパス形成”の態様を図13に示す。かかる態様では、所定領域の最外周縁に短サブ照射パスが設けられることのないように、“粉末層の所定領域の輪郭線”を基準にしてサブ照射パスの区分けを行う。
第1態様:(i)光ビームを走査することによって粉末層の所定領域に前記光ビームを照射して前記所定領域の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程、および
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、前記新たな粉末層の所定領域に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程
を通じて粉末層形成および固化層形成を繰り返して行う三次元形状造形物の製造方法であって、
前記所定領域における前記光ビームの照射パスが、複数のサブ照射パスへと区分けされており、それによって、該サブ照射パスとして、所定長さ未満の短サブ照射パスと該所定長さ以上の長サブ照射パスとが含まれており、
前記工程(i)および(ii)においては、前記サブ照射パスの長さに応じて、該光ビームの照射方法を変えることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第2態様:上記第1態様において、前記短サブ照射パスについては、前記長サブ照射パスよりも、供される光ビーム・エネルギーを小さくすることを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第3態様:上記第2態様において、前記短サブ照射パスにおいては、前記長サブ照射パスよりも前記光ビームの照射出力を小さくする、光ビームの集光径を大きくする、または、パス間隔を広くすることを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第4態様:上記第1態様~第3態様のいずれかにおいて、前記短サブ照射パスが前記粉末層の前記所定領域の最外周縁に位置付けられるように、前記照射パスが前記区分けされていることを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第5態様:上記第1態様~第4態様のいずれかにおいて、前記短サブ照射パスとそれに隣接する前記長サブ照射パスとを直列的に合わせることによって、別の長サブ照射パスを新たに構築することを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第6態様:上記第1態様~第5態様のいずれかにおいて、複数の前記短サブ照射パスがそのパス走査方向と直交する方向に沿って相互に並列的に隣接している場合、前記短サブ照射パスのパス長さよりも長くなるように前記直交する方向に沿って前記光ビームを走査することを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第7態様:上記第1態様~第6態様のいずれかにおいて、短サブ照射パスaと短サブ照射パスbとがそれらのパス走査方向と直交する方向に相互に隣接して存在する場合、前記短サブ照射パスaへの光ビーム照射後、少なくとも該短サブ照射パスaにおける固化部温度が低下してから、引き続いて行う前記短サブ照射パスbの光ビーム照射を実施することを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第8態様:上記第1態様~第7態様のいずれかにおいて、相互に並列的に隣接する前記短サブ照射パス同士が連続して光ビーム照射に付されることがないように、前記光ビームを離隔的に走査することを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
第9態様:上記第1態様~第8態様のいずれかにおいて、前記短サブ照射パスが、前記所定領域の最外周縁に設けられることがないように、前記粉末層の前記所定領域の輪郭線を基準にして前記サブ照射パスの前記区分けを行うことを特徴とする三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
2 粉末層形成手段
3 光ビーム照射手段
4 切削手段
19 粉末/粉末層(例えば金属粉末/金属粉末層または樹脂粉末/樹脂粉末層)
20 造形テーブル(支持テーブル)
21 造形プレート
22 粉末層(例えば金属粉末層または樹脂粉末層)
23 スキージング用ブレード
24 固化層(例えば焼結層または硬化層)またはそれから得られる三次元形状造形物
25 粉末テーブル
26 粉末材料タンクの壁部分
27 造形タンクの壁部分
28 粉末材料タンク
29 造形タンク
30 光ビーム発振器
31 ガルバノミラー
32 反射ミラー
33 集光レンズ
40 ミーリングヘッド
41 XY駆動機構
41a X軸駆動部
41b Y軸駆動部
42 ツールマガジン
50 チャンバー
52 光透過窓
L 光ビーム
Claims (9)
- (i)光ビームを走査することによって粉末層の所定領域に前記光ビームを照射して前記所定領域の粉末を焼結又は溶融固化させて固化層を形成する工程、および
(ii)得られた固化層の上に新たな粉末層を形成し、前記新たな粉末層の所定領域に光ビームを照射して更なる固化層を形成する工程
により粉末層形成および固化層形成を繰り返して行う三次元形状造形物の製造方法であって、
前記所定領域における前記光ビームの照射パスが、複数のサブ照射パスへと区分けされており、それによって、該サブ照射パスとして、所定長さ未満の短サブ照射パスと該所定長さ以上の長サブ照射パスとが含まれており、
前記工程(i)および(ii)においては、前記サブ照射パスの長さに応じて、該光ビームの照射方法を変えることを特徴とする、三次元形状造形物の製造方法。 - 前記短サブ照射パスについては、前記長サブ照射パスよりも、供される光ビーム・エネルギーを小さくすることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記短サブ照射パスにおいては、前記長サブ照射パスよりも前記光ビームの照射出力を小さくする、光ビームの集光径を大きくする、または、パス間隔を広くすることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記短サブ照射パスが前記粉末層の前記所定領域の最外周縁に位置付けられるように、前記照射パスが前記区分けされていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記短サブ照射パスとそれに隣接する前記長サブ照射パスとを直列的に合わせることによって、別の長サブ照射パスを新たに構築することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 複数の前記短サブ照射パスがそのパス走査方向と直交する方向に沿って相互に並列的に隣接している場合、前記短サブ照射パスのパス長さよりも長くなるように前記直交する方向に沿って前記光ビームを走査することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 短サブ照射パスaと短サブ照射パスbとがそれらのパス走査方向と直交する方向に相互に隣接して存在する場合、前記短サブ照射パスaへの光ビーム照射後、少なくとも該短サブ照射パスaにおける固化部温度が低下してから、引き続いて行う前記短サブ照射パスbの光ビーム照射を実施することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 相互に並列的に隣接する前記短サブ照射パス同士が連続して光ビーム照射に付されることがないように、前記光ビームを離隔的に走査することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
- 前記短サブ照射パスが、前記所定領域の最外周縁に設けられることがないように、前記粉末層の前記所定領域の輪郭線を基準にして前記サブ照射パスの前記区分けを行うことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の三次元形状造形物の製造方法。
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JP2019195999A (ja) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-11-14 | コンセプト・レーザー・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 3次元物体の付加製造のための少なくとも1つの装置を操作する方法 |
EP3750651A1 (en) | 2019-06-10 | 2020-12-16 | Renishaw PLC | Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing methods and apparatus |
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JP5764753B2 (ja) | 2015-08-19 |
CN104428084B (zh) | 2016-08-31 |
US20150183165A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
KR20150023539A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
JPWO2014010144A1 (ja) | 2016-06-20 |
DE112013003448T5 (de) | 2015-04-16 |
KR101666102B1 (ko) | 2016-10-13 |
US9597836B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
CN104428084A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
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