WO2017010463A1 - 抗Aggrusモノクローナル抗体、CLEC-2との結合に必要なAggrusの領域、及びAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤のスクリーニング方法 - Google Patents
抗Aggrusモノクローナル抗体、CLEC-2との結合に必要なAggrusの領域、及びAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤のスクリーニング方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an Aggrus region involved in binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2, and an antibody that recognizes the region.
- the present invention relates to an Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor containing a peptide containing the region of Aggrus and a monoclonal antibody, and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same. Furthermore, it is related with the screening method of the pharmaceutical which uses the coupling
- Cancer is a disease characterized by the random growth of cells, but the major factor that governs cancer mortality is growth in the metastatic focus rather than in the primary focus where the cancer has occurred. is there. It is said that the 5-year survival rate of patients actually diagnosed with metastatic cancer is 20% or less, and suppression of cancer metastasis has become a major clinical issue.
- Non-Patent Document 1 It has long been clinically recognized that cancer cell-dependent platelet aggregation is involved in hematogenous metastasis of cancer.
- the inventor's group established a highly metastatic cancer cell line exhibiting platelet aggregation-inducing activity, and identified the factor Aggrus that induces platelet aggregation expressed on the cell membrane surface of the highly metastatic cancer cell line (patent) Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1).
- Platelet aggregation-promoting factor Aggrus (also known as podoplanin, gp44, T1 ⁇ , etc.) is a type I transmembrane protein and has various types such as squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, Kaposi's sarcoma, testicular tumor, brain tumor, or bladder cancer It is known that expression increases in cancer (Non-Patent Documents 2 to 13).
- Non-patent Document 14 a C-type lectin-like receptor (CLEC-2) expressed on platelets is one of the Aggrus counterpart receptors. It is known that when CLEC-2 binds to Aggrus expressed on tumor cells, platelet aggregation signals are activated in platelets without plasma components, and platelet aggregation is induced. That is, it is considered that a substance that inhibits the binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2 suppresses platelet aggregation and suppresses metastasis of cancer. Therefore, a substance that inhibits the binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2 is expected to be applied to the treatment of cancer and thrombosis.
- CLEC-2 C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on platelets
- Monoclonal antibodies can specifically bind to cell surface antigens and cause an immunological response to target cells. Using this reaction, many monoclonal antibodies are used for cancer treatment and immune disease treatment. Monoclonal antibodies are mediated through three typical modes of action: neutralization, antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC), and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Shows therapeutic effect.
- ADCC antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
- CDC complement-dependent cytotoxicity
- the P2-0 and MS-1 antibodies which inhibit the binding of Aggrus-CLEC-2, are both antibodies that recognize amino acids in the PLAG domain (Platelet-Aggregation stimulating domain) region as epitopes It is.
- the PLAG domain is an amino acid sequence having a common sequence of EDXXVTPG that is conserved across human, mouse and rat species.
- the PLAG domain is an amino acid sequence that is repeated three times from PLAG1 to PLAG3 in an adjacent region, and in the case of human Aggrus, it exists in the 29th to 54th region of the amino acid sequence.
- PLAG domain exists extracellularly and is involved in platelet aggregation activity.
- sialic acid added to the 52nd threonine in addition to 47th glutamic acid and 48th aspartic acid of Aggrus is 107 to 157 of CLEC-2. It is shown that it binds to four arginines present in the second region (Non-patent Document 16).
- the P2-0 and MS-1 antibodies created by the present inventors also recognize the 45th to 49th regions of the amino acid sequence of Aggrus overlapping with this Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding region as an epitope.
- the MS-3 and MS-4 antibodies recognize the 54th to 61st region of the amino acid sequence of Agrus adjacent to the Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding region as an epitope.
- the present inventors disclose that the interaction between Aggrus and CLEC-2 is inhibited, platelet aggregation is suppressed, and cancer metastasis is further suppressed by monoclonal antibodies and low molecular weight compounds against Aggrus.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 these monoclonal antibodies and low molecular weight compounds have the effect of delaying the platelet aggregation start time, but could not completely inhibit platelet aggregation by Aggrus. That is, it is suggested that the binding site between Aggrus and CLEC-2 may exist in a region other than the known PLAG domain.
- An object of the present invention is to search for a new domain involved in the binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2 and to obtain a monoclonal antibody that binds to the domain. It is another object of the present invention to provide a screening method for a compound that suppresses cancer growth and metastasis and platelet aggregation by searching for a compound that binds to the domain.
- the present invention includes the following monoclonal antibody that recognizes the Aggrus region, the hybridoma that produces the antibody, the Aggrus region necessary for binding to CLEC-2, the Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor, the pharmaceutical composition, and the test reagent
- the present invention relates to a method for screening an Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor.
- a monoclonal antibody that binds to an Aggrus region consisting of a sequence of at least 5 residues in the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (GIRIEDLPT), or a fragment consisting of a functional fragment thereof.
- An Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor comprising the monoclonal antibody according to any one of (1) to (3) or a fragment comprising a functional fragment thereof.
- at least one fragment comprising a monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope present in the region represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (GAEDDVVTPGTSEDRYK), a chimeric antibody thereof, a humanized antibody thereof, and / or a functional fragment thereof is included.
- the Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor according to (5) which is characterized in that (7)
- the monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope present in the region of SEQ ID NO: 2 is P2-0, MS-1, MS-3, and / or MS-4 (6) Aggres-CLEC-2 binding inhibitors.
- composition for platelet aggregation inhibition, thrombus inhibition, cancer progression / metastasis inhibition, anti-inflammation comprising the monoclonal antibody or the functional fragment thereof according to any one of (1) to (3) object.
- at least one fragment comprising a monoclonal antibody recognizing an epitope present in the region represented by SEQ ID NO: 2 (GAEDDVVTPGTSEDRYK), a chimerized antibody, a humanized antibody, and / or a functional fragment thereof The pharmaceutical composition according to (8).
- the monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope present in the region of SEQ ID NO: 2 is P2-0, MS-1, MS-3, and / or MS-4 (9) Pharmaceutical composition.
- a test reagent for detecting Aggrus expression comprising the monoclonal antibody according to any one of (1) to (3) or a fragment comprising a functional fragment thereof.
- An Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor comprising a peptide comprising the region of (12) or (13).
- a pharmaceutical composition for platelet aggregation inhibition, thrombus inhibition, cancer progression / metastasis inhibition, anti-inflammation comprising as an active ingredient a peptide comprising the region of (12) or (13).
- a screening method for a CLEC-2 / Aggrus binding inhibitor using as an index the binding to an Aggrus epitope comprising at least 5 residues of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 (GIRIEDLPT) An inhibitor screening method characterized by the above.
- the screening method according to (16), wherein binding to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 3 (RIEDL) is used as an index.
- a screening method for a binding inhibitor of CLEC-2 and Aggrus wherein the binding to the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 4 (EDXXTS) is used as an index.
- the present inventors have found a new PLAG domain necessary for the binding of Aggrus and CLEC-2, and have thus obtained a new monoclonal antibody that binds to the region.
- a monoclonal antibody that binds to this region strongly inhibits the binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2, and is therefore expected to be effective in the treatment of cancer and thrombosis. Furthermore, it becomes possible to screen for anticancer agents targeting new PLAG domains.
- the figure which shows a PLAG domain deletion mutant typically.
- the figure which shows the epitope analysis of an anti-Aggrus monoclonal antibody The figure which shows the reactivity of the antibody with respect to Aggrus expressed in the mammalian cell. The figure which shows the reactivity of the anti-Aggrus monoclonal antibody with respect to an Aggrus expression cell.
- the anti-Aggrus monoclonal antibody or functional fragment of the present invention refers to an antibody that recognizes as a epitope a region that overlaps with the newly discovered Aggres PLAG4 domain, and the functional fragment is substantially different from the original antibody.
- the monoclonal antibody against Aggrus of the present invention includes the National Institute for Product Evaluation and Technology, Patent Microorganism Depositary Center (NITE-NPMD (292-0818, 2-5-8, Kazusa Kamashichi, Kisarazu City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan), Room 122 ) Include monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridomas deposited on July 14, 2015 as NITE P-02070 and NITE P-02071, and other antibodies having binding specificity equivalent to these are also available.
- the anti-Aggrus monoclonal antibody of the present invention is preferred.
- the monoclonal antibody is not only an antibody produced by the obtained hybridoma, but also a human chimeric antibody (hereinafter, referred to as a chimerized antibody) produced using a gene recombination technique. ), Or a human CDR (Complementarity Determining Region) transplanted antibody (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a humanized antibody), etc. Shall be included.
- the variable region of an antibody (hereinafter sometimes referred to as V region) is an antibody of an animal other than a human, and the constant region (hereinafter also referred to as C region) is a human antibody. It refers to an antibody (Non-patent Document 17).
- the human CDR-grafted antibody is an antibody obtained by grafting the CDR amino acid sequence in the V region of an antibody of a non-human animal into an appropriate position of the human antibody (Non-patent Document 18).
- chimerized antibodies and humanized antibodies When administered to humans, chimerized antibodies and humanized antibodies have fewer side effects than those of non-human animals, and their therapeutic effects last for a long time.
- chimerized antibodies and humanized antibodies can be prepared as molecules of various forms using gene recombination techniques. A known method can be used for producing a chimerized antibody or a humanized antibody from a monoclonal antibody.
- Functional fragments of antibodies include functional fragments of antibodies such as Fab, Fab ′, F (ab ′) 2 , single chain antibodies (scFv), disulfide stabilized V region fragments (dsFv), or peptides containing CDRs. included.
- a functional fragment of an antibody can be obtained by a known method such as digestion with an enzyme such as pepsin or papain.
- the present invention can provide a pharmaceutical composition used as an Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor, platelet aggregation inhibitor, or anticancer agent containing a monoclonal antibody or a fragment thereof.
- Platelet aggregation inhibitors can be used, for example, to treat thrombosis such as cerebral infarction or myocardial infarction.
- As an anticancer agent it can be used not only as a cancer metastasis inhibitor but also for suppressing cancer progression and inflammation caused by cancer.
- Cancer is a cancer that has increased expression of the Aggrus molecule so far, ie squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, mesothelioma, Kaposi's sarcoma, testicular tumor, brain tumor, or bladder cancer It can be expected to work suitably.
- a peptide or antibody drug for example, it is generally used as an injection that is a parenteral.
- a compound obtained by screening it can be administered not only as an injection but also as an oral or parenteral agent.
- oral preparations include tablets, powders, pills, powders, granules, soft / hard capsules, film coating agents, pellets, sublingual agents, and pastes.
- parenterals include suppositories, transdermal agents, ointments, external liquids, and the like.
- the anti-Aggrus antibody of the present invention when used as an active ingredient, it can be contained at 0.1 to 99.9% by weight in the preparation.
- the dose of the active ingredient of the drug can be determined appropriately depending on the administration subject, target organ, symptom, and administration method.
- the single dose varies depending on the administration subject, target organ, symptom, administration method, etc., but for example, in the form of an injection, It is suitable to administer about 0.01 to 30 mg, preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg, more preferably about 0.1 to 10 mg per day by intravenous injection.
- the final decision can be made based on the judgment of the doctor in consideration of the age, weight, symptoms, etc. of the patient.
- the present inventors have already obtained a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the 45th to 61st region (SEQ ID NO: 2) of Aggrus, which is a region containing PLAG2 and PLAG3 of Aggrus, as an epitope as described above.
- SEQ ID NO: 2 a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the 45th to 61st region of Aggrus, which is a region containing PLAG2 and PLAG3 of Aggrus, as an epitope as described above.
- P2-0 that recognizes the 45th to 49th region of Aggrus, and MS-1 antibody, MS-3 antibody that recognizes the 53th to 58th region, and MS that recognizes the 53th to 61st region -4 antibody.
- the present inventors have already disclosed that the chimerized P2-0 antibody has an effect of suppressing cancer metastasis in an experimental system using a mouse model (Patent Document 2).
- a chimeric or humanized antibody When the monoclonal antibody to be applied is clinically applied, a chimeric or humanized antibody may be used. By using at least any one of these monoclonal antibodies in combination with the antibody of the present invention, it can be expected to produce a higher effect. By using the two types of antibodies used in combination as chimerized antibodies and humanized antibodies, a stronger effect can be expected when applied to the treatment of thrombosis and cancer.
- the antibody recognizing Aggrus of the present invention can be used for cancer testing. It is already known that Aggrus expression is involved in hematogenous metastasis of cancer. Therefore, prognosis can be predicted by detecting the expression of Aggrus in cancer tissue or cancer cells circulating in the blood using the antibody of the present invention. Confirmation of Aggrus expression in cancer tissues or cancer cells can be performed using a known immunoassay method such as ELISA or FACS using the antibody of the present invention. Furthermore, if it is a cancer expressing Aggrus, the therapeutic effect by a medicine containing the antibody of the present invention as an effective component can be expected.
- An object of the screening method of the present invention is to search for a substance that inhibits the binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2 and provide a compound that suppresses platelet aggregation and cancer metastasis.
- the screening method of the present invention can be performed as follows. A compound that interacts with the amino acid sequence of Agrus involved in binding to CLEC-2 newly identified in the present invention is searched using a compound array or compound library.
- a sequence of at least 5 residues of GIRIEDLPT (SEQ ID NO: 1) recognized by the antibody of the present invention, in particular, an antibody exhibiting high binding strength is obtained. It is preferable to use RIEDL (SEQ ID NO: 3), which is the defined region.
- PLAG4 domain PLAG consensus sequence EDXXTS (SEQ ID NO: 4) may be used. Since the Aggrus region involved in binding to CLEC-2 is a short region, a synthetic peptide may be used, or a recombinant containing the region may be expressed in Escherichia coli or animal cells.
- P2-0, MS-1, MS-3 or MS-4 antibody is reacted with wild-type Aggrus expressed in Escherichia coli or animal cells to mask this site, and the novel Aggrus according to the present invention can be masked. It is also possible to bind to CLEC-2 only in the CLEC-2 binding region found in (1). Peptides and recombinants bound to the compound can be detected using the anti-Aggrus monoclonal antibody of the present invention. The above method is an exemplification, and it goes without saying that a known screening method may be applied.
- a sugar chain can be added to a peptide containing a region recognized by an antibody and used as a binding inhibitor between Aggrus and CLEC-2.
- the sugar chain can be imparted by a known method such as imparting a human-type sugar chain using yeast (Non-patent Document 19).
- Verification inventors' recognition site for neutralizing antibodies reported already, inhibits the binding of CLEC-2, platelet aggregation inhibitory action, and discloses an anti Aggrus monoclonal antibody of cancer metastasis inhibitory action (Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 20).
- the epitopes of these monoclonal antibodies were antibodies that recognize the region spanning the PLAG2 and PLAG3 domains.
- the recognition sites of these neutralizing antibodies were verified.
- the following plasmids were introduced into Chinese Hamster Overy (CHO) cells to express human Aggrus and Aggrus mutants.
- the human Aggrus gene was amplified by PCR using a wild-type Aggrus cDNA (GenBank No. AB127958.1) and the vector was pcDNA3 (manufactured by Life Technologies), and cloned.
- the constructs used for examining the recognition site of the neutralizing antibody are as follows. Only pcDNA3 vector not incorporating gene (mock), plasmid (Aggrus-WT) incorporating wild type human Aggrus cDNA, plasmid incorporating Aggrus cDNA in which 45th glycine is substituted with alanine (Aggrus-G45A), 48th A plasmid (Aggrus-D48A) in which Aggruss cDNA in which aspartic acid was substituted with alanine was incorporated, and a plasmid (Aggrus-D49A) in which 49th aspartic acid was substituted in alanine were constructed and introduced into CHO cells. The protein was stably expressed.
- CHO / mock The CHO cells into which each plasmid has been introduced are hereinafter referred to as CHO / mock, CHO / Aggrus-WT, CHO / Aggrus-G45A, CHO / Aggrus-D48A, and CHO / Aggrus-D49A.
- a cell lysate was prepared from each cell, and Western blot analysis was performed using four types of anti-Aggrus monoclonal antibodies D2-40, MS-1, P2-0, and NZ-1.
- the D2-40 antibody (AbD manufactured by Serotec) is a mouse monoclonal antibody having no Aggrus neutralizing activity
- the MS-1 antibody and the P2-0 antibody are mouse monoclonal antibodies having neutralizing activity created by the present inventors. is there.
- the NZ-1 antibody (manufactured by AngioBio) is a rat monoclonal antibody having an Aggrus neutralizing activity. The results are shown in FIG. 1A.
- the D2-40 antibody having no Aggrus neutralizing activity recognized all of the introduced wild-type and 1-amino acid substituted Aggrus proteins. That is, a signal is observed in cells other than CHO / mock. In addition, it was confirmed that the protein expression levels were almost the same in the wild type Aggrus and the Aggrus mutant. In addition, it is clear from the result (FIG. 1A) of the Western blot analysis using the antibody which recognizes (alpha) -tubulin that the amount of proteins in the electrophoresed cell lysate is the same.
- the MS-1 antibody and the P2-0 antibody recognize wild-type Aggrus but weakly recognize 1-amino acid-substituted Aggrus protein, Aggrus-G45A, Aggrus-D48A, and Aggrus-D49A. It turns out to be essential.
- neither the P2-0 antibody nor the MS-1 antibody can recognize D48A in which the 48th aspartic acid is substituted with alanine. It was suggested that the 48th aspartic acid in the PLAG domain is important for antibody recognition.
- rat monoclonal antibody NZ-1 antibody having neutralizing activity of Aggrus is also weak in recognition of single amino acid substitution type Aggrus protein. Therefore, in order to exert neutralizing activity, it was suggested that the region from the 45th to the 49th region of Aggruss into which the mutation was introduced, that is, the region from PLAG2 to PLAG3 (see FIG. 1B) is important.
- the reactivity with CLEC-2 was examined as follows.
- the transgenic strain was prepared to a cell density of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml in the same manner, (His) 10-tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein; was added (rCLEC-2 R & D Systems) For 30 minutes on ice. After washing with PBS, a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody (QIAGEN) that recognizes the His tag was added, and the mixture was further reacted on ice for 30 minutes.
- the (His) 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein was purified from mammalian cells and modified with sugar chains. The cells were washed three times with PBS, and similarly analyzed with Cytomics FC500 (FIG. 2A, right panel, open mountain). The control is the result of adding PBS instead of the (His) 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein and performing the same operation as above (FIG. 2A right panel, black-filled mountain).
- FIG. 2A left panel Expression of Aggrus and Aggrus mutant protein is shown in FIG. 2A left panel, and binding to CLEC-2 is shown in FIG. 2A right panel.
- a white peak in the left panel of FIG. 2A shows the result of staining wild-type Aggrus or an Aggrus mutant with the D2-40 antibody.
- the black-filled mountain shows the result of the control mouse antibody. Since the fluorescence intensity at the position of the apex indicated by the white peak in the left panel of FIG. 2A is almost the same, it was confirmed that the expression levels on the cell membrane in each gene-transfected strain of Aggrus protein were almost identical .
- FIG. 2A right panel is an analysis of whether recombinant CLEC-2 binds to cells expressing wild type or 1 amino acid substitution type Aggrus.
- the white peaks indicate the results of detection of wild-type Aggrus expressed on the surface of CHO cells or recombinant CLEC-2 bound to the Aggrus mutant with an anti-His antibody.
- the black-filled mountain shows the result of the control in which only PBS was added instead of the CLEC-2 protein.
- D48E (CHO / Aggrus-D48E), in which the 48th aspartic acid is replaced with glutamic acid, which is the same acidic amino acid, binds CLEC-2 in the same manner as the wild type (CHO / Aggrus-WT).
- CHO / Aggrus-WT wild type
- D48N (CHO / Aggrus-D48N)
- D48A mutant (CHO / Aggrus-D48A) substituted with neutral amino acids.
- CLEC-2 is a receptor on platelets that binds to Aggrus. Aggrus transmits a platelet aggregation-inducing signal by binding to CLEC-2 on platelets.
- the D48A mutant (CHO / Aggrus-D48A), whose binding to CLEC-2 was weakened, was expected to have a weak platelet aggregation-inducing activity, and was confirmed by a platelet aggregation inhibition test.
- analysis was performed using MCM HEMA TRACER 313M (manufactured by MC Medical). The analysis method is an in vitro platelet aggregation analysis method using mouse washed platelets by monitoring light transmittance.
- CHO / mock cells have no activity to induce platelet aggregation, but CHO / Aggrus-WT in which wild-type Aggrus is expressed begins aggregation about 6 minutes after mixing with platelets. It was done.
- CHO / Aggrus-D48A with weak binding power to CLEC-2 and platelets are mixed, aggregation is observed only after about 14 minutes, and the start of platelet aggregation is delayed by about 8 minutes.
- FIG. 2A supports the result of FIG. 2A that the binding force with CLEC-2 was weakened, and the binding to CLEC-2 involved sites other than the PLAG3 domain that had been identified so far. This suggests the possibility that platelet aggregation is induced by binding to CLEC-2 via the site.
- FIG. 3A shows a sequence of highly homologous portions of the Aggrus protein of each animal.
- the sequence of Aggrus protein of each animal is GenBank accession No. shown in FIG. Depending on the array.
- FIG. 3B shows the consensus sequence of PLAG domain (SEQ ID NO: 15) and the sequences of PLAG1 to PLAG4 (SEQ ID NOs: 16 to 19).
- Human PLAG4 preserved the highly conserved glutamic acid reported to be involved in binding to CLEC-2, followed by the ED sequence of aspartic acid, and threonine T, which is a glycosylation site. However, the difference was found that the number of amino acids between the ED sequence and T was 2 amino acids instead of the 3 amino acids identified so far in the PLAG4 domain.
- a plasmid in which human Aggrus cDNA in which the 82nd aspartic acid which is an amino acid in the PLAG4 region is substituted with alanine is incorporated into a pcDNA3 vector, the 48th aspartic acid and the 82nd aspartic acid
- Both plasmids (Aggrus-D48A / D82A) incorporating human Aggrus cDNA substituted with alanine were introduced into CHO cells to stably express the protein.
- the CHO cells into which each plasmid has been introduced are hereinafter referred to as CHO / Aggrus-D82A and CHO / Aggrus-D48A / D82A.
- Cell lysates were prepared from CHO / mock, CHO / Aggrus-WT, CHO / Aggrus-D48A, CHO / Aggrus-D82A, and CHO / Aggrus-D48A / D82A cell lines, respectively.
- Western blot analysis was performed with D2-40 antibody using each cell lysate. As a result, it was confirmed that the expression of the introduced wild-type and mutant Aggrus proteins was observed in cells other than CHO / mock, and the expression levels were almost uniform (FIG. 4A).
- the right panel of FIG. 4B shows the analysis of binding to CLEC-2 by the FACS method in the same manner as in Example 2.
- Open circles indicate that the wild-type Aggrus expressed on the surface of CHO cells, or a 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 bound to Aggrus mutant (His) is a fluorescently labeled secondary that recognizes the His tag. The result detected by the antibody is shown.
- the mountains filled in with black are the results of adding the control mouse antibody instead of the (His) 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein and performing the same operation as above.
- Binding of the 82nd aspartic acid with alanine to the D82A mutant (CHO / Aggrus-D82A) with CLEC-2 is the same as the D48A mutant with the 48th aspartic acid substituted with alanine (CHO / Aggrus-D48A). It became clear that it was attenuated more than the coupling
- PLAG3 role study PLAG4 domain in platelet aggregation PLAG4 was investigated its role in the fact that revealed to play an important role in binding to CLEC-2, then platelet aggregation PLAG4 domain .
- Aggrus transmits a platelet aggregation-inducing signal by binding to CLEC-2 on platelets.
- the amino acid mutation in the PLAG4 domain suppresses platelet aggregation or the platelet aggregation-inhibitory test described in Example 2 examined the activity of inducing Aggrus-dependent platelet aggregation. The results are shown in FIG. 4C.
- each mutant-expressing cell was examined in the same manner as in Example 2.
- the platelet aggregation-inducing activity of each mutant-expressing cell is proportional to the binding force with CLEC-2, the D82A mutant has a weaker platelet aggregation-inducing activity than the D48A mutant, and the D48A / D82A double mutant induces platelet aggregation It was revealed that there was no activity (FIG. 4C). Therefore, it was revealed that newly identified PLAG4 plays a major role in Aggrus-dependent platelet aggregation.
- a mutant lacking each of the PLAG1, 3 and 4 domains was introduced into CHO cells. Specifically, a plasmid (Aggrus- ⁇ 29-34) in which the human Aggrus cDNA from which the 29th to 34th amino acids in the PLAG1 region were deleted was inserted into the pcDNA3 vector, and the 47th to 52nd amino acids in the PLAG3 region were deleted.
- Plasmid (Aggrus- ⁇ 47-52) in which human Aggrus cDNA was incorporated, a plasmid in which human Aggrus cDNA lacking the 81st to 85th amino acids in PLAG4 region was deleted (Aggrus- ⁇ 81-85), 47 in PLAG3 region
- a plasmid (Aggrus- ⁇ 47-52 / ⁇ 81-85) incorporating human Aggrus cDNA from which amino acids 81 to 85 in the PLAG4 region are deleted is introduced into CHO cells, and the protein is stably Expressed ( (See FIG. 4D).
- CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 29-34 The CHO cells introduced with each plasmid are hereinafter referred to as CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 29-34, CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 47-52, CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 81-85, and CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 47-52 / ⁇ 81-85.
- control rabbit antibody made by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
- the white circles indicate the results of staining with the FL-162 antibody to react with the PLAG domain-deleted Aggrus mutant
- the black circles indicate the results of reacting with the control rabbit antibody instead of the FL-162 antibody.
- FIG. 4E left panel
- the expression level on the cell membrane of each of the gene-transfected strains of Aggrus protein is almost the same, indicating that the fluorescence intensity at the apex position indicated by the white mountain in each panel is the same. It was confirmed from the fact that they were almost the same.
- the right panel of FIG. 4E is an analysis of binding to CLEC-2 by the FACS method in the same manner as in Example 2. Open circles are labeled with a PLAG domain-deleted Aggrus mutant expressed on the surface of CHO cells (His) 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 fluorescently labeled secondary antibody that recognizes the His tag The results detected by. Incidentally, blacked mountain is (His) results with the addition of PBS instead of 10 tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein, were performed similar to the above operation.
- the interaction with CLEC-2 is similar to the point mutant data shown in FIG. 4B, with the PLAG4 domain deletion mutant (CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 81-85) binding to the CLEC-2 lacking the PLAG3 domain deficiency. It was revealed that the protein was attenuated more than the binding with the loss mutant (CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 47-52). Furthermore, it was revealed that the double mutant (CHO / Aggrus- ⁇ 47-52 / ⁇ 81-85) lacking both the PLAG3 domain and the PLAG4 domain does not bind to CLEC-2 at all.
- the expression level of the Aggrus mutant protein (D48A, D82A, D48A / D82A) is not significantly different (denoted as ns), and the expression level is almost uniform.
- the graph shows the reactivity of the Aggrus mutant protein with CLEC-2 when the average value of the fluorescence intensity at the position of the apex indicated by the white peak indicating the reactivity with CLEC-2 is 1.
- the Aggrus expression level and the reactivity with CLEC-2 were quantitatively analyzed in the same manner as described above (FIG. 5B). Confirmation of the expression level of Aggrus using the FACS method performed in Example 4 (see FIG. 4E) and examination of reactivity with CLEC-2 were repeated three times and averaged.
- the graph shows the expression level of the Aggrus deletion mutant protein when the average value of the fluorescence intensity at the position of the apex indicated by the white peak of CHO / Aggrus-WT is 1.
- a CHO cell (CHO / Aggrus-E81A) into which a plasmid into which the 81st glutamic acid was substituted with alanine was introduced into the pcDNA3 vector, a plasmid into which the 82nd aspartic acid was substituted with alanine and a plasmid into which the human Aggrus cDNA had been incorporated
- FACS analysis was performed using the introduced CHO cells (CHO / Aggrus-D82A) and CHO cells (CHO / Aggrus-T85A) into which a plasmid incorporating human Aggrus cDNA in which the 85th threonine was substituted with alanine was introduced.
- CHO cells (CHO / Aggrus-WT) into which a plasmid incorporating wild-type human Aggrus cDNA was introduced, 47th glutamic acid, 48th aspartic acid, 52nd threonine in the PLAG3 domain (FIG.
- CHO cells (CHO / Aggrus-E47A, CHO / Aggrus-D48A, CHO / Aggrus-T52A) into which plasmids incorporating human Aggrus cDNA each having 6A (right panel, underlined amino acid) substituted with alanine are also introduced.
- 6A right panel, underlined amino acid
- the Aggrus expression level was confirmed by the FACS method and the reactivity with CLEC-2 was examined in the same manner as in Example 2. Similar to FIG. 2, the result of staining the wild-type Aggrus or the Aggrus mutant by reacting the D2-40 antibody with the white mountain is black, and the mountain filled with black is the control mouse antibody ( The result of reacting Sigma) is shown. As shown in FIG. 6A (left panel) and FIG. 6B (left panel), the white levels of each panel indicate that the expression levels of the Aggrus protein on the cell membrane are almost the same. This was also confirmed from the fact that the fluorescence intensity at the apex position was almost the same.
- FIG. 6A (right panel) and FIG. 6B (right panel) are analysis of the binding of each mutant to CLEC-2 by the FACS method in the same manner as in Example 2.
- Open circles indicate that the wild-type Aggrus expressed on the surface of CHO cells, or a 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 bound to Aggrus mutant (His) is a fluorescently labeled secondary that recognizes the His tag. The result detected by the antibody is shown.
- blacked mountain is (His) results were added 10 tagged recombinant CLEC-2 control mouse antibody in place of the protein was carried out similar to the above operation.
- the binding to CLEC-2 of the human Aggrus mutant in which the 47th glutamic acid, the 48th aspartic acid and the 52th threonine in the PLAG3 domain were each substituted with alanine was It was attenuated to the same extent. Therefore, it was confirmed that these three amino acids are involved in the binding to CLEC-2 (FIG. 6A, right panel). Furthermore, the binding to CLEC-2 of the human Aggrus mutant in which the 81st glutamic acid, 82th aspartic acid, and 85th threonine in the PLAG4 domain, which is the homologous site, are each substituted with alanine is found in the wild type and PLAG3 domains.
- hybridoma producing anti-human Aggrus monoclonal antibody recognizing novel PLAG4 domain was produced as follows.
- Spleen cells or iliac lymph node cells were collected from immunized mice and fused with mouse myeloma cell line P3U1 using polyethylene glycol 4000 according to the conventional method of hybridoma establishment .
- Esclone Cloning Medium manufactured by Aedia Co., Ltd.
- hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine We succeeded in establishing individual hybridomas.
- a plurality of hybridomas including 6G42A4 and 9D62D6 were successfully established from iliac lymph node cells.
- E. coli was transformed with the prepared plasmid and cultured.
- the reactivity of MS-1, PG4D1, PG4D2, 6G42A4, 9D62D6, and anti-GST (alpha-GST) antibody (manufactured by Abcam) against recombinant human Aggrus protein was examined by Western blotting using E. coli disrupted solution as a sample. .
- the MS-1 antibody and the anti-GST antibody recognized all Aggrus proteins including the mutants, but the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody were separated from the 79th arginine to the 83rd leucine.
- the region recognized by the prepared antibody is the 77th to 84th peptide parts (sequence: Gly Ile Arg Ile Glu Asp Leu Pro) indicated by white letters.
- the minimal epitope recognized by the PG4D1 and PG4D2 antibodies is the 79th to 83rd peptide part (sequence: Arg Ile Glu Asp Leu), and a new PLAG4 domain having homology to the PLAG domain shown in FIG. 3B (It became clear that it partially overlaps with the 81st to 85th sequences (the sequence surrounded by the dotted line in FIG. 7A: Glu Asp Leu Pro Thr).
- HBS-EP + buffer (GE Healthcare) under the conditions of a flow rate of 25 degrees and 30 ⁇ L / min.
- the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody are diluted to 6.25 nM, 12.5 nM, 25 nM, 50 nM, and 100 nM, and flowed on the sensor chip CM5 on which the Aggrus protein is immobilized to observe the binding reaction, Subsequently, HBS-EP + buffer was allowed to flow for 120 seconds to observe the dissociation reaction. Data obtained by the measurement is shown in FIG. 7B.
- association rate constant (k a) 3 ⁇ 10 4)
- dissociation rate constant (k d ) 3 ⁇ 10 4
- the dissociation rate constant (k d ) was below the measurement limit of Biacore X100 used, that is, the k d value was ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 . Therefore, the dissociation constant (K D ) of the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody was a value of ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10 M, and it was revealed that very strong binding was exhibited.
- MS-1 antibody almost recognizes human bladder squamous cell carcinoma cell line UM-UC-5 cells and human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 cells in which Aggrus expression at the mRNA level is observed. Can not. Therefore, the types of cancer to be treated with MS-1 antibody are limited.
- PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody it was investigated whether Aggrus expressed on the surface of UM-UC-5 cells and HT1080 cells that cannot recognize MS-1 antibody can be recognized.
- UM-UC-5 cells and HT1080 cells were analyzed by FACS using PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody as primary antibodies and Alexa488-labeled anti-mouse IgG antibody as secondary antibodies. As a result, it was confirmed that the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody can also recognize UM-UC-5 cells and HT1080 cells that could not be recognized by the MS-1 antibody (FIG. 7C).
- Example 8 Examination of the recognition site and reactivity of the anti-human Aggrus monoclonal antibody recognizing the novel PLAG4 domain
- the reactivity of human Aggrus protein expressed in E. coli was examined.
- the regions recognized by the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody are the 77th to 84th peptide portions indicated by white letters (sequence: Gly Ile Arg Ile Glu Asp Leu Pro). It was shown that.
- the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody did not recognize the Aggrus mutant in which the 81st to 85th 5 amino acids corresponding to the PLAG4 domain were deleted.
- the PG4D1 antibody does not recognize the D82A-Aggrus mutant in which the 82nd aspartic acid in the PLAG4 domain is substituted with alanine, whereas the PG4D2 antibody weakly recognizes the D82A-Aggrus mutant. It was confirmed.
- Example 8 since it was not examined whether or not the binding was nonspecific, reaction of PG4D1 antibody (subclass is mouse IgG1) and PG4D2 antibody (subclass is mouse IgG2a) to human Aggrus
- PG4D1 antibody subclass is mouse IgG1
- PG4D2 antibody subclass is mouse IgG2a
- a commercially available purified recombinant Aggrus protein (protein with human IgG1, Fc tag: R & D Systems, Inc.) is immobilized on the sensor chip CM5 that has been subjected to carboxymethyl dextran coating treatment by an amine coupling method.
- An immobilization amount equivalent to 562.2 RU (for assay of PG4D1 antibody) was obtained.
- the measurement was performed by filling the flow path with HBS-EP + buffer (GE Healthcare) under the conditions of a flow rate of 25 degrees and 30 ⁇ L / min.
- control mouse IgG1 (Control IgG1) was diluted to 3.7 nM, 11.1 nM, 33.3 nM, 100 nM, and 300 nM, and flowed onto sensor chip CM5 on which Aggrus protein was immobilized for 60 seconds to perform a binding reaction. Then, HBS-EP + buffer was allowed to flow for 1800 seconds to observe the dissociation reaction. Subsequently, the PG4D1 antibody was flowed under the same conditions using the same sensor chip CM5, and the binding reaction was observed. Data obtained by the measurement is shown in FIG. 8C.
- Inhibition of binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2 by PG4D1 and PG4D2 antibodies (1) by using the AlphaScreen (TM) method is a homogeneous proximity assay study nonradioactive by AlphaScreen method, the inhibitory effect on the binding of Aggrus and CLEC-2 monoclonal antibody PG4D1, PG4D2 obtained in the present invention was analyzed.
- Donor Beads converts oxygen to a singlet state and activates a fluorescent substance contained in an acceptor bead close to the oxygen in the singlet state, whereby a fluorescence signal of 615 nm is emitted. That is, CLEC-2 protein with His tag attached to Nickel Chelate AlphaScreen Donor Beads and recombinant Aggrus protein with Fc tag attached to Protein A AlphaLISA Acceptor Beads are close A fluorescent signal is emitted. Therefore, it is possible to quantify the binding state between Aggrus and CLEC-2 by quantifying this fluorescent signal.
- the added PG4D1, PG4D2, and MS-1 antibodies all inhibit the binding of Aggrus and CLEC-2 in a concentration-dependent manner.
- PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody were found to have stronger inhibitory activity than MS-1 antibody.
- the 6G42A4 and 9D62D6 antibodies also showed activity to inhibit the binding of Aggrus and CLEC-2, but the effect was weaker than that of the MS-1 antibody (FIG. 9B).
- the region represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 is a region necessary for binding between Aggrus and CLEC-2, and further, SEQ ID NO: 3 (RIEDL) recognized by the PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody is considered to be the core region thereof. . Therefore, when a peptide containing SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3 is synthesized and administered, the binding between CLEC-2 and Aggrus can be inhibited, and the binding between CLEC-2 and Aggrus can be inhibited. If the binding between CLEC-2 and Aggrus can be inhibited, platelet aggregation can be suppressed and cancer progression and metastasis can be suppressed, so that the pharmaceutical composition containing the region as an active ingredient is obtained.
- SEQ ID NO: 3 RIEDL
- the peptide necessary for competitive inhibition may be any peptide containing SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3, but it is preferable that the peptide is not so large in consideration of peptide synthesis and action. Specifically, it is preferably a peptide comprising SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 and having a sequence several to several tens of amino acids longer than these peptides, more preferably the peptide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or 3 itself.
- CHO / Aggrus-WT cells were collected from the culture vessel, washed with PBS, and then adjusted to a cell density of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml.
- mouse control IgG 100 ⁇ g / mL: w / o rCLEC-2 or rCLEC-2 alone sample
- PG4D1 antibody 100 ⁇ g / mL: PG4D1 + rCLEC-2 sample
- PG4D2 antibody 100 ⁇ g / mL: PG4D2 + rCLEC
- MS-1 antibody 100 ⁇ g / mL: MS-1 + rCLEC-2 sample
- the cells were washed with PBS, and then 0.4 ⁇ g / mL (His) 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein (rCLEC-2) purified from mammalian cells was applied to samples other than w / or rCLEC-2. Added and allowed to react on ice for 30 minutes. After washing with PBS, a secondary antibody recognizing a fluorescently labeled His tag was added and allowed to react for another 30 minutes on ice. Finally, the cells were washed 3 times with PBS and analyzed with Cytomics FC500. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody inhibit the binding of rCLEC-2 to the Aggrus-expressing cells in the same manner as the MS-1 antibody, and the inhibitory activity is stronger than that of the MS-1 antibody. Therefore, it was confirmed that the peak was greatly shifted to the left.
- MS-1 antibody recognizes the region from PLAG2 to PLAG3 domain (see FIG. 1), whereas PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody recognize the vicinity of PLAG4 domain (see FIG. 7).
- DyLight594-labeled MS-1 antibody and DyLight594-labeled PG4D2 antibody were prepared. Specifically, the MS-1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody were fluorescently labeled according to the instructions of DyLight 594 Microscale Antibody Labeling Kit (manufactured by Life Technologies).
- the CHO / Aggrus-WT cell line is recovered from the culture vessel, washed with PBS, adjusted to a cell density of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml, and added with DyLight594-labeled MS-1 antibody or DyLight594-labeled PG4D2 antibody And reacted on ice for 30 minutes.
- unlabeled MS-1 antibody or PG4D2 antibody was added when the DyLight594 labeled antibody was added.
- the cells were washed 3 times with PBS, and then analyzed with Cytomics FC500.
- the black-filled peaks are the results of reacting each cell with an unlabeled control mouse antibody (manufactured by Sigma) instead of the fluorescently labeled antibody and performing the same operation as above.
- the DyLight 594 labeling of the MS-1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody was sufficiently performed, so that the white peak was shifted to the right from the black-filled mountain.
- the reactivity of DyLight594-labeled MS-1 antibody to CHO / Aggrus-WT cells is inhibited depending on the concentration of the unlabeled MS-1 antibody in the presence of the unlabeled MS-1 antibody (Fig. 10B left panel, middle panel), even when unlabeled PG4D2 antibody was allowed to coexist, it was not inhibited (FIG. 10B left panel, lower panel).
- the reactivity of DyLight594-labeled PG4D2 antibody to CHO / Aggrus-WT cells is inhibited depending on the concentration of the unlabeled PG4D2 antibody in the presence of the unlabeled PG4D2 antibody (FIG. 10B right panel, (Lower panel), even when unlabeled MS-1 antibody was allowed to coexist, it was not inhibited (FIG. 10B, right panel, middle panel). Therefore, the MS-1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody recognize PLAG3 and PLAG4 domains, respectively, thereby inhibiting the binding of Aggrus and CLEC-2. In other words, PLAG3 and PLAG4 domains are independently CLEC-2 and It was suggested that it is involved in the binding.
- the MS-1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody recognize the PLAG3 and PLAG4 domains and inhibit the binding of CLEC-2, respectively, the MS-1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody can be used together to obtain Aggrus and CLEC-2.
- CHO / Aggrus-WT cells were collected from the culture vessel, washed with PBS, and then adjusted to a cell density of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml.
- mouse control IgG 100 ⁇ g / mL: sample of w / or rCLEC-2 or rCLEC-2 alone
- PG4D2 antibody 100 ⁇ g / mL: PG4D2 + rCLEC-2 sample
- PG4D2 antibody and MS-1 antibody 100 ⁇ g / mL: PG4D2 + MS-1 + rCLEC-2 sample
- the cells were washed with PBS, and then 0.4 ⁇ g / mL (His) 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein (rCLEC-2) purified from mammalian cells was applied to samples other than w / or rCLEC-2. Added and allowed to react on ice for 30 minutes. After washing with PBS, a secondary antibody recognizing a fluorescently labeled His tag was added and allowed to react for another 30 minutes on ice. Finally, the cells were washed 3 times with PBS and analyzed with Cytomics FC500. As a result, as shown in FIG. 10C, by using the PG4D2 antibody and the MS-1 antibody together, the binding of rCLEC-2 was strongly inhibited and the peak was greatly shifted to the left as compared with the PG4D2 antibody alone. It was confirmed.
- His 10- tagged recombinant CLEC-2 protein
- the PLAG4 domain recognized by the PG4D1 antibody or PG4D2 antibody is involved in the binding to CLEC-2 independently of the PLAG3 domain, and the antibody recognizing the PLAG4 domain and the antibody recognizing the PLAG3 domain are used in combination. Thus, it was revealed that stronger suppression of CLEC-2 binding was observed.
- CHO / Aggrus-D48A cells were collected from the culture vessel, washed with PBS, and then adjusted to a cell density of 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / ml.
- PBS w / or CLEC-2 or Add no antibody sample
- PG4D1 antibody FIG. 11A left panel
- PG4D2 antibody FIG. 11A right panel
- the cells were washed with PBS, and 0.4 ⁇ g / mL of recombinant CLEC-2 protein (rCLEC-2) with 10 tag purification (rHis) purified from mammalian cells was added to samples other than w / or CLEC-2. For 30 minutes on ice. After washing with PBS, a secondary antibody recognizing a fluorescently labeled His tag was added and allowed to react for another 30 minutes on ice. Finally, the cells were washed 3 times with PBS and analyzed with Cytomics FC500. As shown in FIG.
- the PLAG4 domain recognized by the PG4D1 antibody or PG4D2 antibody is directly involved in platelet aggregation, and the newly created antibody binds to the PLAG4 domain and covers the domain to inhibit platelet aggregation. It was revealed to be a neutralizing antibody.
- CHO / Aggrus-WT cells which are tumor cells
- control mouse antibody manufactured by Sigma
- MS-1 antibody MS-1 antibody
- PG4D1 antibody PG4D2 antibody
- PG4D2 antibody was administered from the tail vein of the mouse at a dose of 10 ⁇ g / mouse.
- CHO / Aggrus-WT cells were collected from the culture vessel, washed with PBS, adjusted to a cell density of 2.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml, and transplanted from the tail vein at 100 ⁇ L / mouse. As shown in FIG.
- CHO / Aggrus-WT cells were collected from the culture vessel, washed with PBS, adjusted to a cell density of 2.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml, and transplanted from the tail vein at 100 ⁇ L / mouse. After 19 days, the lungs were removed and analyzed. As shown in FIG. 14A, photographs after staining with picric acid were taken and the number of metastatic nodules on the lung surface was counted (FIG. 14B).
- the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody not only have an activity of neutralizing Aggrus-dependent platelet aggregation, but also strongly suppress Aggrus-dependent hematogenous metastasis.
- Platelet aggregation has been reported to be involved in the formation of metastasis niches (formation of metastasis microenvironment) of cancer cells, and it is considered that PG4D1 and PG4D2 antibodies have an inhibitory effect on niche formation related to metastasis. It is done.
- PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody exert a metastasis-suppressing effect by inhibiting the growth of metastatic cancer in the metastatic organ. It is suggested that
- the human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line LC-SCC-015 established by the present inventors was identified as a 5-week-old male CB- It was performed by transplanting 3 mice in each group to 17 SCID mice (purchased from Charles River Japan). Specifically, one day before transplantation of LC-SCC-015 cells, which are tumor cells, control mouse IgG2a (Mouse IgG2a, manufactured by Sigma) and PG4D2 antibody were administered from the mouse tail vein at a dose of 30 ⁇ g / mouse.
- LC-SCC-015 cells were collected from the culture vessel, washed with PBS, adjusted to a cell density of 2.5 ⁇ 10 6 cells / ml, and transplanted from the tail vein with 100 ⁇ L / mouse.
- the lungs were removed 31 days later, and the number of metastatic nodules on the lung surface was counted after staining with picric acid (FIG. 15). It was confirmed that when the PG4D2 antibody was administered on the day before tumor transplantation, lung metastasis was significantly suppressed even when compared with the control mouse IgG2a antibody administration group (*, P ⁇ 0.05).
- the PG4D2 antibody is not only active in neutralizing Aggrus-dependent platelet aggregation, but Aggrus-dependent platelet aggregation is also present in the pulmonary metastasis of the established human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line LC-SCC-015. Confirmed to be involved in metastasis. It was shown that the PG4D2 antibody suppresses lung metastasis of LC-SCC-015 cells by strongly suppressing Aggrus-dependent hematogenous metastasis.
- PG4D2 antibody has an inhibitory effect on niche formation related to metastasis. Furthermore, since it has been clarified that platelets are also involved in tumor growth in the primary lesion, PG4D2 antibody also exerts a metastasis-suppressing effect by inhibiting the growth of metastatic cancer in the metastasis organ. It is suggested.
- a human lung squamous cell carcinoma cell line PC-10 was obtained from a 5-week-old male NOD SCID mouse (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid / J; Charles (Purchased from River Japan) and transplanted to 4 or 5 animals in each group.
- NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid / J; Charles (Purchased from River Japan) transplanted to 4 or 5 animals in each group.
- the mice were distributed so that the average tumor volume of each group was almost uniform.
- the start date of antibody administration was defined as day 0, and the same amount of antibody was administered on the following days 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24.
- NOD SCID mice which are severe combined immunodeficient mice.
- Nude mice used in Example 12 and SCID mice used in Example 13 are mice lacking T cells and B cells, whereas NOD SCID mice lack T cells and B cells.
- NK activity is also reduced. Therefore, it is considered that the anti-tumor effect of the neutralized antibody of Aggrus observed in the experiment of Example 14 using NOD SCID mice does not depend on the ADCC activity or CDC activity of the antibody. It is suggested that the antibodies that recognize PLAG3 and PLAG4 domains used here inhibit the release of various growth factors from platelets by neutralizing the platelet aggregation-inducing activity of Aggrus, resulting in inhibition of growth. It was.
- the PG4D2 antibody does not directly kill PC-10 cells but indirectly suppresses tumor growth by depleting growth factors. That is, it was shown that the antibody recognizing the PLAG4 domain not only suppresses hematogenous metastasis as shown in Example 12 and Example 13, but also suppresses tumor growth of the primary lesion.
- the antigen recognition site of PG4D2 antibody is gene cloned and linked to a gene encoding the Fc site of human IgG4 to thereby produce an IgG4 type human-mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody (
- An IgG1-type human-mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody (Ch.PG4D2-IgG1) was prepared by linking Ch.PG4D2-IgG4SP) to a gene encoding the Fc site of human IgG1.
- FIG. 17A shows the results of examining the reactivity of each antibody to Aggrus in the same manner as in Example 2 using CHO / Aggrus-WT cells.
- the left panel shows that PG4D2 antibody, which is a mouse antibody not chimerized with CHO / Aggrus-WT cells, was reacted at the concentration shown in the figure, and after washing with PBS, Alexa488-labeled anti-mouse IgG (anti-antibody IgG) was used as a secondary antibody. The result of reacting mouse IgG-Alexa488) is shown.
- the middle panel shows that CHO / Aggrus-WT cells were reacted with IgG4-type human-mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody (Ch.PG4D2-IgG4SP) at the concentrations indicated in the figure, and Alexa 488 as secondary antibody after washing with PBS.
- the result of reacting labeled anti-human IgG (anti-human IgG-Alexa488) is shown.
- the right panel shows that CHO / Aggrus-WT cells were reacted with IgG1-type human-mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody (Ch.PG4D2-IgG1) at the concentration shown in the figure, and after washing with PBS, Alexa 488 as a secondary antibody.
- the result of reacting labeled anti-human IgG is shown. Chimerized Ch. PG4D2-IgG4SP and Ch. Both PG4D2-IgG1 were confirmed to be reactive to Aggrus.
- FIG. 17B shows the results of analyzing the binding inhibition between Aggrus and CLEC-2 by FACS, as in Example 10.
- Non-chimerized mouse antibody PG4D2 antibody (FIG. 17B top), IgG4 type human-mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody (Ch.PG4D2-IgG4SP) (bottom left of FIG. 17B), IgG1 type human-mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody
- the assay was performed using (Ch.PG4D2-IgG1) (lower right of FIG. 17B).
- an antibody having the same species and antibody subclass was used as a control antibody.
- Control mouse IgG2a manufactured by Sigma
- Control human IgG4 (manufactured by Sigma)
- Control human IgG1 (manufactured by Sigma) were used.
- the IgG4-type human-mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody (Ch.PG4D2-IgG4SP) exhibits almost the same Aggrus neutralizing activity as the original non-chimerized mouse antibody PG4D2, but IgG1-type human- The mouse chimerized PG4D2 antibody (Ch.PG4D2-IgG1) had slightly weaker Aggrus neutralizing activity. Therefore, Ch. PG4D2-IgG1 required a larger amount of antibody than the original PG4D2 antibody for inhibition of binding to CLEC-2. When PG4D2-IgG1 was reacted at 60 ⁇ g / mL, the binding of rCLEC-2 to Aggrus could be sufficiently inhibited.
- This tissue array includes chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma tissue samples, 2 cases each, 4 sections, and pheochromocytoma as a tissue marker. It is possible to analyze protein expression in tumor tissues of patients with different stages and the like by immunostaining. In two cases of osteosarcoma on this slide, the ability to recognize osteosarcoma by immunostaining of D2-40, PG4D1, and PG4D2 was examined.
- D2-40 antibody (DAKO: product number M3619, Anti-podoplanous mouse monoclonal antibody), PG4D1 antibody (5 mg / ml), and PG4D2 antibody (5 mg / ml) as the primary antibody.
- D2-40 antibody product number M3619, Anti-podoplanous mouse monoclonal antibody
- PG4D1 antibody (5 mg / ml)
- PG4D2 antibody 5 mg / ml
- I went. Specifically, washing with water after deparaffinization, immersion in 0.3% hydrogen peroxide / methanol at room temperature for 10 minutes, and washing with PBS for 5 minutes were repeated three times. Thereafter, the plate was immersed in blocking one P (Nacalai Tesque # 05999-84) for 15 minutes at room temperature and then washed with PBS for 5 minutes.
- D2-40 antibody was used as the primary antibody
- the antibody diluted 1/100 with PBS was reacted at 4 degrees for 16 hours.
- the PG4D1 or PG4D2 antibody was used as the primary antibody
- a 1/1000 dilution with PBS final antibody concentration 5 ⁇ g / ml
- D2-40 antibody is a culture supernatant, it is difficult to convert to gram, so select the antibody concentration so that the staining degree in the control tissue is the same for all antibodies as shown below. It is carried out.
- the T264a slide which is a Tissue array, contains the tumor tissues of 2 cases of osteosarcoma as described above, and the tumor tissues of A3 and A6 shown in FIG. 18A are the first osteosarcoma case (10-year-old male), The tumor tissues B1 and B4 are derived from the second osteosarcoma case (21-year-old woman).
- FIG. 18B when the staining degree of the control tumor tissue (Pheochromocytoma) located at D7 is almost identical, the staining degree of immunostaining using the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody is D2-40.
- the staining is well compared with the degree of staining of the antibody, and it can be seen that the PG4D1 antibody and the PG4D2 antibody have higher ability to recognize osteosarcoma than the D2-40 antibody. Therefore, it is suggested that it is useful at least as a growth inhibitor / metastasis inhibitor of osteosarcoma.
- the expression of Aggrus can be confirmed in mRNA, it may not be detected in the antibody, and there is a concern that the application of the Aggrus antibody to treatment is limited.
- the present inventors have shown that PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody recognize human bladder squamous cell carcinoma cell line UM-UC-5 cells that cannot recognize MS-1 antibody and human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080 cells. (FIG. 7C).
- the mechanism of whether or not Aggrus can be recognized is unknown depending on the type of cancer, etc., but the binding of PG4D1 antibody and PG4D2 antibody has been verified in the experimental system using at least the osteosarcoma and cell lines shown here. It can be applied to treatment of bladder squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma, and lung squamous cell carcinoma.
- the anti-Aggrus antibody that binds to the region represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 inhibits the binding of Aggrus to CLEC-2, suppresses platelet aggregation, suppresses cancer progression, and metastasis. . Furthermore, it becomes possible to screen a drug that inhibits the binding with CLEC-2 using the binding between this region and CLEC-2 as an index.
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Abstract
Description
(2)受託番号NITE P-02070(PG4D1)、又はNITE P-02071(PG4D2)のハイブリドーマにより産生される、(1)記載のモノクローナル抗体、又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメント。
(3)キメラ化又はヒト化された(1)記載のモノクローナル抗体、又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメント。
(4)受託番号NITE P-02070、又はNITE P-02071のハイブリドーマ。
(5)(1)~(3)のいずれか1項記載のモノクローナル抗体又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを含むAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
(6)さらに配列番号2(GAEDDVVTPGTSEDRYK)により表される領域に存在するエピトープを認識するモノクローナル抗体、そのキメラ化抗体、そのヒト化抗体、及び/又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを少なくとも1つ含むことを特徴とする(5)記載のAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
(7)前記配列番号2の領域に存在するエピトープを認識する前記モノクローナル抗体が、P2-0、MS-1、MS-3、及び/又はMS-4であることを特徴とする(6)記載のAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
(8)(1)~(3)のいずれか1項記載のモノクローナル抗体又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを含む血小板凝集抑制、血栓抑制、がん進展・転移抑制、抗炎症のための医薬組成物。
(9)さらに配列番号2(GAEDDVVTPGTSEDRYK)により表される領域に存在するエピトープを認識するモノクローナル抗体、そのキメラ化抗体、そのヒト化抗体、及び/又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを少なくとも1つ含むことを特徴とする(8)記載の医薬組成物。
(10)前記配列番号2の領域に存在するエピトープを認識する前記モノクローナル抗体が、P2-0、MS-1、MS-3、及び/又はMS-4であることを特徴とする(9)記載の医薬組成物。
(11)(1)~(3)のいずれか1項記載のモノクローナル抗体又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを含むAggrus発現を検出するための検査用試薬。
(12)CLEC‐2の結合に必要なPLAG4ドメインと重複するAggrusの領域であって、配列番号1(GIRIEDLPT)により表されることを特徴とする領域。
(13)(12)記載のCLEC‐2の結合に必要なPLAG4ドメインと重複するAggrusの領域であって、前記アミノ酸配列が配列番号3(RIEDL)により表されるアミノ酸配列からなることを特徴とする領域。
(14)(12)、又は(13)の領域を含むペプチドからなるAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
(15)(12)、又は(13)の領域を含むペプチドを有効成分とする血小板凝集抑制、血栓抑制、がん進展・転移抑制、抗炎症のための医薬組成物。
(16)CLEC‐2とAggrusの結合阻害剤のスクリーニング方法であって、配列番号1(GIRIEDLPT)により表されるアミノ酸配列のうち少なくとも5残基の配列からなるAggrusエピトープへの結合を指標とすることを特徴とする阻害剤スクリーニング方法。
(17)(16)記載のスクリーニング方法であって、配列番号3(RIEDL)により表されるアミノ酸配列への結合を指標とすることを特徴とする阻害剤スクリーニング方法。
(18)CLEC‐2とAggrusの結合阻害剤のスクリーニング方法であって、配列番号4(EDXXTS)により表されるアミノ酸配列への結合を指標とすることを特徴とする阻害剤スクリーニング方法。
以下、実施例を示しながら、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明者らはすでに、CLEC‐2との結合を阻害し、血小板凝集抑制作用、及びがん転移抑制作用のある抗Aggrusモノクローナル抗体を開示している(特許文献2、非特許文献20)。これらモノクローナル抗体のエピトープは、PLAG2、PLAG3ドメインにわたる領域を認識する抗体であった。
(1)CLEC‐2結合におけるAggrusの48番目のアスパラギン酸の役割検討
CHO細胞に、ヒトAggrus及びその変異体cDNAを組み込んだプラスミドを導入して、48番目のアスパラギン酸の役割の検討を行った。上記で作製した野生型Aggrus発現細胞株CHO/Aggrus-WT及びその変異体発現CHO細胞株CHO/AggrusD48A、及び48番目のアスパラギン酸をグルタミン酸に置換したCHO/Aggrus-D48E、アスパラギンに置換したCHO/Aggrus-D48Nを用い、FACS法によりCLEC‐2との反応性を検討した。
上述のようにCLEC‐2は、Aggrusと結合する血小板上のレセプターである。Aggrusは血小板上のCLEC‐2と結合することで血小板凝集誘導シグナルを伝達する。CLEC‐2との結合が弱くなったD48A変異体(CHO/Aggrus-D48A)は血小板凝集誘導活性が弱くなることが予想されたため、血小板凝集抑制試験で確認した。具体的には、MCM HEMA TRACER 313M(エム・シー・メディカル社製)を用いて分析を行った。該分析法は光透過率のモニタリングによるマウス洗浄血小板を用いたin vitro血小板凝集分析法である。
哺乳類の系統樹(図3A下パネル)から、ヒト(Homo sapiens、配列番号5)、ボノボ(Pan paniscus、配列番号6)、アカゲザル(Macaca mulatta、配列番号7)、ブタ(Sus scrofa、配列番号8)、マッコウクジラ(Physeter catodon、配列番号9)、ウシ(Bos Taurus、配列番号10)、イヌ(Canis lupus familiaris、配列番号11)、コウモリ(Myotis brandtii、配列番号12)、ラット(Rattus norvengicus、配列番号13)、マウス(Mus musculus、配列番号14)のAggrusタンパク質のアミノ酸配列の相同性を検討した。
(1)樹立したAggrus変異体の発現量検討
新規のPLAGドメインであると推定されたPLAG4ドメイン内にアミノ酸変異を有するPLAG4変異体をCHO細胞に遺伝子導入した。具体的には、pcDNA3ベクターにPLAG4領域内のアミノ酸である82番目のアスパラギン酸をアラニンに置換したヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミド(Aggrus-D82A)、48番目のアスパラギン酸と82番目のアスパラギン酸を共にアラニンに置換したヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミド(Aggrus-D48A/D82A)をCHO細胞に導入し、タンパク質を安定的に発現させた。各プラスミドを導入したCHO細胞は以下、CHO/Aggrus-D82A、CHO/Aggrus-D48A/D82Aという。
これらCHOの遺伝子安定発現株を用いて、実施例2と同様に、FACS法によりAggrus発現量の確認とCLEC‐2との反応性を検討した。図4B左パネルは、図2Aと同様に、白抜きの山がD2-40抗体を反応させて野生型Aggrus、又はAggrus変異体を染色した結果を、黒く塗りつぶした山は、D2-40抗体の代わりにコントロールマウス抗体(シグマ社製)を反応させた結果を示している。図4B(左パネル)に示すように、Aggrusタンパク質の各遺伝子導入株における細胞膜上での発現レベルがほぼ一致していることが、各パネルの白抜きの山で示す頂点の位置の蛍光強度がほぼ同じであることからも確認された。
PLAG4ドメインがCLEC‐2との結合に重要な役割を担っていることが明らかになったことから、次にPLAG4ドメインの血小板凝集における役割を検討した。上述のように、Aggrusは血小板上のCLEC‐2と結合することで血小板凝集誘導シグナルを伝達する。PLAG4ドメイン内のアミノ酸変異が血小板凝集を抑制するか、実施例2に記載の血小板凝集抑制試験によって、Aggrus依存的な血小板凝集の誘導活性を検討した。結果を図4Cに示す。
(1)PLAG3とPLAG4のCLEC‐2との結合における役割検討
Aggrus発現量とCLEC‐2との反応性を定量的に解析した。具体的には、実施例4(図4B参照)で行ったFACS法を用いたAggrus発現量の確認とCLEC‐2との反応性の検討を3回繰り返して行い平均化した。CHO/Aggrus-WTの白抜きの山で示す頂点の位置の蛍光強度の平均値を1とした時の、Aggrus変異体タンパク質の発現量をグラフに示す。Aggrus野生型の発現量と比較した統計解析の結果、Aggrus変異体タンパク質(D48A、D82A、D48A/D82A)の発現量に有意差はつかず(nsと表記)、発現量がほぼ揃っていることが示された(図5A、左パネル)。また、CLEC‐2との反応性を示す白抜きの山で示す頂点の位置の蛍光強度の平均値を1とした時のAggrus変異体タンパク質のCLEC‐2との反応性をグラフに示した。Aggrus野生型のCLEC‐2との反応性を1とすると、Aggrus変異体タンパク質(D48A、D82A、D48A/D82A)のCLEC‐2との反応性は有意に減少(**,P<0.01;***,P<0.001)していることが示され(図5A、右パネル)、実施例4の結果が再現された。
次に、CHO/mock、CHO/Aggrus-WT、CHO/Aggrus-D48A、CHO/Aggrus-D82A、CHO/Aggrus-D48A/D82A変異体発現細胞を用い、実施例2と同様にして各変異体発現細胞の血小板凝集能を検討した。各変異体発現細胞の血小板凝集誘導活性は、CLEC‐2との結合力に比例し、D82A変異体はD48A変異体よりも血小板凝集誘導活性が弱いという図4Cの再現性が確認された。さらに、D48A/D82A二重変異体発現細胞はCHO/mockと同様に血小板凝集誘導活性を示さないことが明らかとなった(図5C)。よって、新規に同定したPLAG4は、Aggrus依存的な血小板凝集に主要な役割を果たしていることが再確認された。
新規に同定したPLAG4ドメインには、PLAG3ドメインに類似したEDXXTモチーフが存在する。PLAG4ドメイン中の81番目のグルタミン酸(E)、82番目のアスパラギン酸(D)、85番目のスレオニン(T)(図6B(右パネル、下線を引いたアミノ酸))のCLEC‐2との結合への直接的な関与を解析した。pcDNA3ベクターに81番目のグルタミン酸をアラニンに置換したヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミドを導入したCHO細胞(CHO/Aggrus-E81A)、82番目のアスパラギン酸をアラニンに置換したヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミドを導入したCHO細胞(CHO/Aggrus-D82A)、85番目のスレオニンをアラニンに置換したヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミドを導入したCHO細胞(CHO/Aggrus-T85A)を用いてFACSにより解析した。なお、コントロールとして、野生型ヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミドを導入したCHO細胞(CHO/AggrusーWT)、および、PLAG3ドメイン中の47番目のグルタミン酸、48番目のアスパラギン酸、52番目のスレオニン(図6A(右パネル、下線を引いたアミノ酸))を各々アラニンに置換したヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミドを導入したCHO細胞(CHO/Aggrus-E47A、CHO/Aggrus-D48A、CHO/Aggrus-T52A)も作製し、同様に解析した。
以下のようにして、PLAG4ドメインを認識する抗ヒトAggrusモノクローナル抗体を産生するハイブリドーマを作製した。
ヒトAggrus cDNAの76番目のスレオニン残基から89番目のスレオニン残基(配列:Thr Gly Ile Arg Ile Glu Asp Leu Pro Thr Ser Glu Ser Thr)までの部位を12回または40回繰り返したものをpGEX-6P3ベクター(GE Healthcare社製)にクローニングし、GSTタグ付きの免疫原を得た。このプラスミドで大腸菌BL21(DE3)を形質転換し、発現されたGSTタグ融合組換えタンパク質をGlutathione Sepharoseにて精製した。
6週齢の雌性BALB/cマウス(日本チャールズリバーより購入)に、得られた免疫原100μg/匹とTiterMax Gold(TiterMax USA社製)の混和溶液を頸部皮下投与した。追加免疫のために、隔週で免疫原100μg/匹を腹腔内に計9回投与した。また、一部の感作においては、雌性BDF-1マウス(日本クレアより購入)の尾根部に2回投与する方法で検討した。
常法に従って、免疫したマウスより脾臓細胞または腸骨リンパ節細胞を採取し、ポリエチレングリコール4000を用いて、マウスミエローマ細胞株P3U1と融合させた。ヒポキサンチン、アミノプテリン、及びチミジンを含むエスクローン クローニングメディュウム(エーディア株式会社製)中で培養することで、融合したハイブリドーマを増殖させ、PLAG4ドメイン領域に対する抗体を産生するPG4D1とPG4D2を含む複数個のハイブリドーマを樹立させることに成功した。腸骨リンパ節細胞からは、6G42A4と9D62D6を含む複数個のハイブリドーマを樹立させることに成功した。
(1)エピトープの探索
ヒトAggrus cDNAからシグナルペプチド部位を含むアミノ末端24アミノ酸を除去したものをpGEX-6P-3ベクターへクローニングしてGSTタグ付きの野生型Aggrusタンパク質発現ベクターを作製した。以下、発現した組換えタンパク質をΔN24-WTという。また、免疫原である76から89番目のアミノ酸に相当するコドンをQuickChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit(Agilent Technology社製)を用いて1ヶ所ずつアラニンをコードするコドンへと置換し、アラニン変異型Aggrus発現ベクターを作製した。以下、組換え変異体は、例えば76番目のアミノ酸であるスレオニン(T)をアラニン(A)に変異させたものであれば、ΔN24-T76Aのように表記する。
哺乳類細胞で発現しているヒトAggrusは、大腸菌に発現させたAggrusとは異なり、多数の糖鎖が付加されていることが知られている。新規に創製されたPG4D1抗体とPG4D2抗体の哺乳類細胞で発現しているヒトAggrusへの反応性を、表面プラズモン共鳴解析装置Biacore X100(GE Healthcare社製)を用いて検討した。カルボキシメチルデキストランコート処理が施されたセンサーチップCM5上にアミンカップリング法にて哺乳動物細胞から市販の精製組換えAggrusタンパク質(ヒトIgG1 Fcタグ付きのタンパク質:R&D Systems社製)を固定化し、520RU(PG4D1抗体のアッセイ用)あるいは600RU(PG4D2抗体のアッセイ用)相当の固定化量を得た。
MS-1抗体は、mRNAレベルでのAggrus発現が認められるヒト膀胱扁平上皮がん細胞株UM-UC-5細胞やヒト線維肉腫細胞株HT1080細胞などをほとんど認識できない。そのため、MS-1抗体で治療対象となるがんの種類は限定的である。新たに創製したPG4D1抗体とPG4D2抗体を用い、MS-1抗体が認識できないUM-UC-5細胞、HT1080細胞表面に発現しているAggrusを認識できるか検討を行った。UM-UC-5細胞、HT1080細胞を、PG4D1抗体とPG4D2抗体を一次抗体として用い、二次抗体としてAlexa488標識された抗マウスIgG抗体を用いFACSにより解析した。その結果、PG4D1抗体、PG4D2抗体は、MS-1抗体では認識することのできなかったUM-UC-5細胞、HT1080細胞をも認識できることが確認された(図7C)。
実施例8(図7A参照)では、大腸菌に発現させたヒトAggrusタンパク質に対する反応性を検討した。その結果、図7Aの下段に示すように、PG4D1抗体とPG4D2抗体の認識する領域は、白抜き文字で示した77番目から84番目までのペプチド部分(配列:Gly Ile Arg Ile Glu Asp Leu Pro)であることが示されていた。そこで、哺乳類細胞に発現させた糖鎖を含むAggrusに対する認識能とその認識部位を確認するために、CHO細胞に導入したAggrus野生型、Aggrus変異体タンパク質、Aggrus欠失変異体タンパク質の細胞溶解液をサンプルとして用い、ウェスタンブロット法により、PG4D1抗体、PG4D2抗体の反応性を検討した。
(1)アルファスクリーン法による検討
非放射性のホモジニアス近接アッセイであるアルファスクリーン(登録商標)法を用いて、本発明で得られたモノクローナル抗体PG4D1、PG4D2のAggrusとCLEC‐2との結合に対する阻害効果を解析した。
PG4D1抗体、PG4D2抗体によるAggrusとCLEC‐2の結合阻害をFACSにより解析した。CHO/Aggrus-WT細胞と、組換えCLEC‐2(rCLEC‐2)との結合を抗Aggrusモノクローナル抗体が阻害するか解析を行った。検出は組換えCLEC‐2のHisタグを認識する抗体を用いて行っている。
(1)CLEC‐2との結合の抑制
Aggrusは血小板上のCLEC‐2と結合することで血小板凝集誘導シグナルを伝達する。PG4D1抗体あるいはPG4D2抗体が認識するPLAG4ドメインがCLEC‐2との結合ならびに血小板凝集に直接的に関与していることを解析した。pcDNA3ベクターにPLAG3ドメイン内の48番目のアスパラギン酸をアラニンに置換したヒトAggrus cDNAを組み込んだプラスミドを導入したCHO細胞(CHO/Aggrus-D48A)を用いて検討した。Aggrus-D48Aを発現する変異体を用いることによって、AggrusのPLAG3ドメインのCLEC‐2に対する結合の関与を考慮する必要がなく、PLAG4ドメインとCLEC‐2との結合を評価することができる。PLAG4ドメインがCLEC‐2とAggrusとの結合に直接的に関与しているかFACSにより解析した。
次に、血小板凝集抑制試験でPLAG4ドメインのCLEC‐2に対する結合を確認した。具体的には、MCM HEMA TRACER 313を用いた光透過率のモニタリングによるマウス洗浄血小板を用いたin vitro血小板凝集分析を行なった。図11Bに示すように、CHO/Aggrus-D48A細胞は血小板凝集を誘導するが、50ng/mLのPG4D2抗体を添加しておくと血小板凝集が起こらなくなることが観察された(図11B)。また、ここでは示さないがPG4D1抗体を事前に添加しておいても、ほぼ同様な血小板凝集阻害効果が確認された。よって、PG4D1抗体あるいはPG4D2抗体が認識するPLAG4ドメインが血小板凝集に直接的に関与していること、さらに新たに創製された抗体はPLAG4ドメインに結合してそのドメインを覆うことで血小板凝集を阻害する中和抗体であることが明らかとなった。
ヒトAggrusを発現しているCHO細胞をヌードマウスの尾静脈より導入すると、約20日後に肺転移結節を形成することが知られている。また、本発明者らは、Aggrus依存的な肺転移はMS-1抗体により抑制されることをすでに開示している(特許文献2)。そこで、細胞移植1日前に、本発明の抗Aggrus抗体を投与することにより、Aggrus依存的な血行性転移を阻害するか解析した。
本発明者らが樹立したヒト肺扁平上皮がん細胞株LC-SCC-015を、5週齢の雄性CB-17 SCIDマウス(チャールズリバージャパンより購入)に各群3匹移植して行った。具体的には、腫瘍細胞であるLC-SCC-015細胞移植1日前に、マウス尾静脈より、30μg/マウスの用量でコントロールマウスIgG2a(Mouse IgG2a、シグマ社製)、PG4D2抗体を投与した。翌日、LC-SCC-015細胞を培養容器から回収し、PBSで洗浄した後に2.5×106cells/mlの細胞密度に調製し、100μL/マウスで尾静脈より移植した。31日後に肺を摘出し、ピクリン酸を用いた染色後に肺表面の転移結節数のカウントを行った(図15)。PG4D2抗体を腫瘍移植前日に投与すると、コントロールマウスIgG2a抗体投与群と比較しても有意に肺転移を抑制することが確認された(*, P<0.05)。
ヒト肺扁平上皮がん細胞株PC-10を、5週齢の雄性NOD SCIDマウス(NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J;チャールズリバージャパンより購入)に各群4または5匹に移植した。PC-10細胞移植後11日後の腫瘍体積がほぼ80 mm3前後となった時点で、各群の腫瘍体積の平均がほぼ均等となるようにマウスを振り分けた。その後、マウス尾静脈より、コントロールマウスIgG2a(Control IgG2a、シグマ社製)を200 μg/mouse(n=5)、PG4D2抗体を100 μg/mouse(n=4)、MS-1抗体を100 μg/mouse(n=5)、PG4D2抗体とMS-1抗体を各100 μgで合計200 μg/mouse(n=4)の用量で投与した。抗体投与開始日を0日とし、その後の3、7、10、14、17、21、24日に同量の抗体投与を行った。
PG4D2抗体の抗原認識部位を遺伝子クローニングし、ヒトIgG4のFc部位をコードする遺伝子と連結することでIgG4タイプのヒト‐マウスキメラ化PG4D2抗体(Ch.PG4D2-IgG4SP)を、ヒトIgG1のFc部位をコードする遺伝子と連結することでIgG1タイプのヒト‐マウスキメラ化PG4D2抗体(Ch.PG4D2-IgG1)を作製した。
US Biomax社より、Bone and cartilage malignant tumor tissue microarray, containing 4 cases of malignant tumor (2 each of chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma), quadruple cores per case(製品番号T264a)を購入し、常法に従いHE染色を行った(図18A)。
NITE P-02070
NITE P-02071
Claims (18)
- 配列番号1(GIRIEDLPT)により表されるアミノ酸配列のうち少なくとも5残基の配列からなるAggrusの領域に結合するモノクローナル抗体、又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメント。
- 受託番号NITE P-02070(PG4D1)、又はNITE P-02071(PG4D2)のハイブリドーマにより産生される、請求項1記載のモノクローナル抗体、又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメント。
- キメラ化又はヒト化された請求項1記載のモノクローナル抗体、又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメント。
- 受託番号NITE P-02070、又はNITE P-02071のハイブリドーマ。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載のモノクローナル抗体又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを含むAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
- さらに配列番号2(GAEDDVVTPGTSEDRYK)により表される領域に存在するエピトープを認識するモノクローナル抗体、そのキメラ化抗体、そのヒト化抗体、及び/又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを少なくとも1つ含むことを特徴とする請求項5記載のAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
- 前記配列番号2の領域に存在するエピトープを認識する前記モノクローナル抗体が、P2-0、MS-1、MS-3、及び/又はMS-4であることを特徴とする請求項6記載のAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載のモノクローナル抗体又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを含む血小板凝集抑制、血栓抑制、がん進展・転移抑制、抗炎症のための医薬組成物。
- さらに配列番号2(GAEDDVVTPGTSEDRYK)により表される領域に存在するエピトープを認識するモノクローナル抗体、そのキメラ化抗体、そのヒト化抗体、及び/又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを少なくとも1つ含むことを特徴とする請求項8記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記配列番号2の領域に存在するエピトープを認識する前記モノクローナル抗体が、P2-0、MS-1、MS-3、及び/又はMS-4であることを特徴とする請求項9記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載のモノクローナル抗体又はその機能的断片からなるフラグメントを含むAggrus発現を検出するための検査用試薬。
- CLEC‐2の結合に必要なPLAG4ドメインと重複するAggrusの領域であって、
配列番号1(GIRIEDLPT)により表されることを特徴とする領域。 - 請求項12記載のCLEC‐2の結合に必要なPLAG4ドメインと重複するAggrusの領域であって、
前記アミノ酸配列が配列番号3(RIEDL)により表されるアミノ酸配列からなることを特徴とする領域。 - 請求項12、又は13の領域を含むペプチドからなるAggrus-CLEC‐2結合阻害剤。
- 請求項12、又は13の領域を含むペプチドを有効成分とする血小板凝集抑制、血栓抑制、がん進展・転移抑制、抗炎症のための医薬組成物。
- CLEC‐2とAggrusの結合阻害剤のスクリーニング方法であって、
配列番号1(GIRIEDLPT)により表されるアミノ酸配列のうち少なくとも5残基の配列からなるAggrusエピトープへの結合を指標とすることを特徴とする阻害剤スクリーニング方法。 - 請求項16記載のスクリーニング方法であって、
配列番号3(RIEDL)により表されるアミノ酸配列への結合を指標とすることを特徴とする阻害剤スクリーニング方法。 - CLEC‐2とAggrusの結合阻害剤のスクリーニング方法であって、
配列番号4(EDXXTS)により表されるアミノ酸配列への結合を指標とすることを特徴とする阻害剤スクリーニング方法。
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US15/744,507 US10730939B2 (en) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-11 | Anti-Aggrus monoclonal antibody, domain in Aggrus which is required for binding to CLEC-2, and method for screening for Aggrus-CLEC-2 binding inhibitor |
KR1020187000902A KR20180023951A (ko) | 2015-07-15 | 2016-07-11 | 항Aggrus 모노클로널 항체, CLEC-2와의 결합에 필요한 Aggrus의 영역, 및 Aggrus-CLEC-2 결합저해제의 스크리닝 방법 |
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WO2018179302A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2018-10-04 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 抗ポドプラニン抗体 |
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SG10201913225SA (en) | 2020-02-27 |
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JP2021046417A (ja) | 2021-03-25 |
JP7122361B2 (ja) | 2022-08-19 |
JP6803840B2 (ja) | 2020-12-23 |
EP3323831B1 (en) | 2023-04-12 |
SG11201800326YA (en) | 2018-02-27 |
CN107849138B (zh) | 2021-06-29 |
CN113336852A (zh) | 2021-09-03 |
US20210009683A1 (en) | 2021-01-14 |
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