WO2016207936A1 - モータ制御装置 - Google Patents
モータ制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016207936A1 WO2016207936A1 PCT/JP2015/067825 JP2015067825W WO2016207936A1 WO 2016207936 A1 WO2016207936 A1 WO 2016207936A1 JP 2015067825 W JP2015067825 W JP 2015067825W WO 2016207936 A1 WO2016207936 A1 WO 2016207936A1
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- motor
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- axis current
- magnetic flux
- axis
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/22—Current control, e.g. using a current control loop
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
- B60L15/025—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0085—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
- H02P21/0089—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed using field weakening
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
- H02P21/141—Flux estimation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/60—Controlling or determining the temperature of the motor or of the drive
- H02P29/66—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor
- H02P29/662—Controlling or determining the temperature of the rotor the rotor having permanent magnets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/425—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/429—Current
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
- B60L2240/529—Current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
- H02P6/16—Circuit arrangements for detecting position
- H02P6/17—Circuit arrangements for detecting position and for generating speed information
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a motor control device, and more particularly, to a motor control device that alleviates a decrease in system efficiency when performing flux-weakening control.
- hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles have attracted attention as vehicles that take into consideration energy saving and the environment.
- a hybrid vehicle uses a motor as a power source in addition to a conventional engine, and an electric vehicle uses a motor as a power source.
- DC power stored in the battery is converted into AC power by an inverter circuit and supplied to a motor to drive the vehicle.
- FIG. 9 shows a conventional control device for a permanent magnet type synchronous motor.
- 7 is a DC power source
- 6 is an inverter
- 301 is a current detector
- 4 is a motor
- 302 is a magnetic pole position detector
- 309 is an inverter control circuit.
- the control circuit 309 receives the torque command value T * and finally generates and outputs the gate pulse signals PU *, PV *, and PW * for each phase switching element of the inverter.
- the configuration will be described together with the operation.
- the reference numeral 307 indicates the phase current detection values IU and IW of the motor 4 by the current detector 301 and the DC current detection value Id that is a component of the dq axis coordinate system using the magnetic pole position signal ⁇ .
- Iq is a three-phase / two-phase converter.
- reference numeral 303 denotes a current command value generation unit including a dq axis current command calculation unit that converts the torque command value T * into dq axis current command values Id * and Iq *.
- the dq-axis current command values Id * and Iq * which are the outputs of 303, are input to the automatic flux-weakening control calculation unit 308.
- the calculation result of the automatic flux-weakening control calculation unit 308 is input to the current control system 304. The calculation of the automatic flux-weakening control unit will be described later.
- the current control system 304 receives a deviation between the dq axis currents Id and Iq calculated by the coordinate conversion unit 307 and the dq axis current command values Id * and Iq *.
- the current control system 304 calculates the dq axis voltage command values vd * and vq * by proportional-integral control using the input deviation. In the current control system 304, non-interference control is performed to cancel interference generated between the dq axes.
- the dq-axis voltage command values vd * and vq * calculated by the current control system 304 are input to the two-phase / three-phase converter 305 to calculate the three-phase voltage command values vU *, vV * and vW *.
- the three-phase voltage command value calculated by the two-phase / three-phase conversion unit 305 is input to the PWM modulation unit 306, and the gate pulse signals PU *, PV *, PW * are generated and input to the inverter 6.
- the dq-axis is controlled by feedback control so that the value that can be output by the power supply voltage is compared with the dq-axis voltage command value and the deviation is zero.
- a technique for controlling the voltage command value to a predetermined value is performed.
- a method of comparing a value that can be output by the power supply voltage with the dq axis voltage command value and controlling the dq axis voltage command value to a predetermined value by feedback control is referred to as “automatic weakening magnetic flux control”.
- 308 is an automatic flux-weakening control calculation unit that compares a value that can be output by the power supply voltage with the dq-axis voltage command value, and sets the dq-axis voltage command value to a predetermined value by feedback control.
- a dq-axis current command value for tracking is calculated.
- One of the calculated current command value or the input current command values Id * and Iq * is selected based on a predetermined index and input to the current control system 304.
- a dq axis voltage command value and a voltage value that can be output by the power supply voltage a voltage value in a range where the induced voltage is not higher than the maximum voltage that can be output by the inverter
- the command value calculated by the automatic flux-weakening control is selected. Otherwise, the input current command values Id * and Iq * are selected.
- the center of the voltage limit ellipse that can be output by the power supply voltage (the range of the voltage that limits the induced voltage within the range in which the induced voltage is not higher than the maximum voltage that can be output by the inverter) is centered on the motor magnetic flux.
- the current command value is corrected in the center direction of the voltage limiting ellipse by calculating from the inductance (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 when the motor temperature changes from the design value, the motor characteristics change. Therefore, when the current command value is corrected, the combination of dq axis currents is not optimal for torque and rotation speed. Therefore, there is a problem that the motor efficiency is lowered and the system efficiency of the motor and the inverter is lowered.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a problem of flux-weakening control for correcting the current command value in the center direction of the voltage limit ellipse when the temperature of the motor is lowered.
- 801 is a voltage limit ellipse calculated from the motor magnetic flux at the actual motor temperature
- 802 is the center point of the voltage limit ellipse calculated from the motor magnetic flux at the actual motor temperature
- 803 is A voltage limit ellipse calculated from the magnet magnetic flux of the motor at the design value motor temperature
- 804 is a center point of the voltage limit ellipse calculated from the magnet magnetic flux of the motor at the design value motor temperature.
- the center point of the voltage limit ellipse on the dq axis moves in the negative direction on the d axis when the magnet magnetic flux of the motor increases, and moves in the positive direction on the d axis when it decreases.
- the magnetic flux of the magnet increases as the temperature decreases and decreases as the temperature increases. Therefore, the center point of the voltage limit ellipse moves in the negative direction on the d axis when the motor temperature decreases, and the center point of the voltage limit ellipse moves in the positive direction on the d axis when the motor temperature increases. .
- the current vector 805 when the current vector 805 is first input as a command value, the current vector is corrected toward the point 804 by automatic flux-weakening control, and stops at the intersection 807 with the voltage limit ellipse 801.
- the current vector is 806.
- the maximum system efficiency curve MXSEC determined by the torque and the rotational speed of a certain motor is close to the maximum motor efficiency curve because the inverter efficiency is generally higher than the motor efficiency. Since the maximum motor efficiency curve MXSEC moves on the d-axis in the same direction as the moving direction of the voltage limiting ellipse, the maximum system efficiency curve MXSEC moves in the negative d-axis direction when the motor temperature decreases. Therefore, when the motor temperature decreases, the deviation between the final current vector 806 and the maximum system efficiency curve MXSEC increases, so that the automatic flux-weakening control in Document 1 causes a decrease in system efficiency.
- the motor 4 for example, a permanent magnet type synchronous motor, a winding type synchronous motor, an induction machine, or the like can be used.
- the motor control device is a motor control device for controlling the motor in a vehicle having an inverter including a plurality of phase arms having a plurality of switching elements and a plurality of phase motors driven by the inverter.
- a magnet temperature detector for detecting the magnet temperature of the motor
- a magnet magnetic flux calculator for calculating a magnet magnetic flux of the motor corresponding to the magnet temperature of the motor, and a voltage limit ellipse determined by a value that can be output by the voltage of the power supply of the motor
- a dq-axis current combination candidate calculation unit for calculating a dq-axis current combination candidate that minimizes the input current of the inverter, and dq of the motor on the voltage-limiting ellipse by automatic weakening magnetic flux control.
- a dq-axis current search unit that searches for a dq-axis current that minimizes the input current of the inverter within a range of the dq-axis current combination candidates when the axis current moves;
- the robustness of the motor control can be improved, and the reduction in the system efficiency of the drive system including the motor and the inverter can be mitigated.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the effect of the present invention when the motor temperature is lowered.
- the current motor temperature is detected, the magnet magnetic flux of the motor corresponding to the motor temperature is calculated by the magnet magnetic flux calculation unit, and the calculated magnet magnetic flux of the motor is used.
- an appropriate voltage limit ellipse 801 and an appropriate voltage limit ellipse center point 802 can be obtained. Therefore, when the current vector 805 is first input as a command value, the current vector is corrected toward the point 802 and reaches the intersection 901 with the voltage limit ellipse 801 by automatic weakening magnetic flux control.
- a constant torque curve at the intersection 901 is calculated as a dq-axis current combination candidate that minimizes the input current of the inverter.
- the coordinates are compared with the d-axis coordinate of the point 802.
- the d-axis coordinate of the point 901 When the d-axis coordinate of the point 901 is large, the d-axis direction is negative, and when the d-axis coordinate of the point 901 is small, the d ⁇ Search for the dq axis current that minimizes the input current of the inverter within the q axis current combination candidates, and correct the current command value at the point 903 where the efficiency is maximized. It is possible to mitigate the decrease in system efficiency. The same effect can be obtained by the present invention even when the motor temperature rises.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vehicle according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the typical example of the motor control apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is the figure which showed an example of the function structure of the principal part of the motor control apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which illustrates the function structure inside the automatic weakening magnetic flux control calculating part 308 in the motor control apparatus of FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of the magnetic flux table 210MT in FIG.
- Embodiment 1 FIG.
- a preferred embodiment 1 of a motor control device according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the same or corresponding parts will be described with the same reference numerals.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a vehicle equipped with a motor control device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- a hybrid vehicle including the engine 1 and the motor 4 is described as an example, but this embodiment can also be applied to an electric vehicle.
- a generator 2 is driven by an engine 1, whereby the generator 2 generates power, and the generated power is charged to a battery 7 via an inverter 6.
- the motor 4 is driven by supplying the electric power generated by the generator 2 or the electric power stored in the battery 7 to the motor 4.
- the motor 4 drives the tire 5 to drive the vehicle.
- the electric power stored in the battery 7 is supplied to the motor 4
- the DC power stored in the battery 7 is converted into AC power by the inverter 6 and supplied to the motor 4.
- the motor 4 when the vehicle is decelerated, the motor 4 is rotated by the tire 5, and the motor 4 performs regenerative power generation, and the generated electric power is charged into the battery 7 via the inverter 6.
- the inverter 6 also converts the DC power stored in the battery 7 into AC power, drives the generator 2, and starts the engine 1.
- the vehicle can be driven by transmitting the driving force of the engine 1 to the tire 5 via the motor 4 by coupling the clutch 3.
- a series hybrid vehicle as described above will be described as an example, but a parallel hybrid vehicle may be used.
- the generator 2 and the motor 4 may be a motor / generator having both driving and power generation.
- the vehicle has one battery and one inverter, the vehicle is provided with a plurality of batteries having different voltages, and voltage conversion is performed between the generator and the inverter and between the battery and the inverter. It may have a DC / DC converter or the like.
- FIG. 2 is a typical schematic configuration diagram of the motor control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the motor control device includes a motor 4, a battery 7, and an inverter 201.
- the inverter 201 converts the DC power stored in the battery 7 into AC power and controls the driving of the motor 4.
- the inverter 201 includes a U-phase switching circuit 205, a V-phase switching circuit 206, and a W-phase switching circuit 207.
- the U-phase switching circuit 205 includes an upper arm side switching element 205H provided on the upper arm 203 side (high voltage side) and a lower arm side switching element 205L provided on the lower arm 204 side (low voltage side). Is done.
- the upper arm side switching element 205H and the lower arm side switching element 205L are connected in series with each other. In addition, one free-wheeling diode is connected in antiparallel to each of the upper arm side switching element 205H and the lower arm side switching element 205L.
- the V-phase switching circuit 206 includes an upper arm side switching element 206H provided on the upper arm 203 side and a lower arm side switching element 206L provided on the lower arm 204 side.
- the upper arm side switching element 206H and the lower arm side switching element 206L are connected in series with each other. Further, each of the upper arm side switching element 206H and the lower arm side switching element 206L is connected in reverse parallel with one free-wheeling diode.
- the W-phase switching circuit 207 includes an upper arm side switching element 207H provided on the upper arm 203 side and a lower arm side switching element 207L provided on the lower arm 204 side.
- the upper arm side switching element 207H and the lower arm side switching element 207L are connected in series with each other.
- one free-wheeling diode is connected in antiparallel to each of the upper arm side switching element 207H and the lower arm side switching element 207L.
- each of the switching elements 205H to 207H and 205L to 207L of the switching circuits 205 to 207 for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and an FET (Field Effect Transistor) can be used.
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- FET Field Effect Transistor
- the motor 4 is provided with a temperature sensor 209 for measuring the temperature of the motor 4.
- FIGS 2 and 3 show an example in which the motor 4 is provided with the motor temperature sensor 209, but the estimated value of the motor temperature is used instead of the motor temperature measured by the motor temperature sensor 209. In this case, the motor temperature sensor 209 may not be provided.
- Control unit 210 is provided for U-phase switching circuit 205, V-phase switching circuit 206, and W-phase switching circuit 207.
- the control unit 210 includes an arithmetic device, a storage device, an input / output device, and the like, and drives and controls the switching elements 205H to 207H and 205L to 207L.
- the control part 210 acquires the motor temperature (temperature information) of the motor with which the temperature sensor is provided based on the sensor signal from the temperature sensor 209.
- control unit 210 is disposed inside the inverter 201, but may be disposed outside the inverter 201.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a functional configuration of a main part of the motor control device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration inside the automatic flux-weakening control unit 308 in the motor control device of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is different from FIG. 9 in that a motor temperature sensor 209 and a current sensor 310 are added.
- the motor temperature sensor 209 measures the coil temperature of the motor to obtain an estimated magnet temperature value of the motor, and the current sensor 310 measures the input current of the inverter 6.
- the sensor information acquired by the motor temperature sensor 209 and the current sensor 310 is used by the automatic weakening magnetic flux control calculation unit 308.
- the estimation of the magnet temperature of the motor is performed using one or more of the coil temperature, motor current, and motor voltage of the motor 4.
- the motor current is either a motor phase current, a line current, or a dq axis current
- the motor voltage is a motor phase voltage, a line voltage, or a dq axis voltage.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of an internal functional configuration of the automatic flux-weakening control unit 308 in FIG. 4A
- the conventional automatic flux-weakening calculation unit 3083 is equivalent to the processing of the automatic flux-weakening control calculation unit 308 in the conventional apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 4A shows a magnet magnetic flux calculation unit 3081 that calculates the magnet magnetic flux of the corresponding motor from the detected motor temperature, and calculates dq axis current command value combination candidates that minimize the inverter input current after the automatic weakening magnetic flux control is performed.
- FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the magnetic flux table 210MT in FIG. FIG. 4B illustrates the case where there are 1 set of motor temperature and motor flux corresponding thereto.
- l is a positive integer.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an example of the processing contents and processing procedure of automatic weakening magnetic flux control with an optimum point search function in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows a calculation process when the calculation step is the nth time.
- n is an integer.
- an example of the processing contents and processing procedure of the automatic flux-weakening control unit 308 will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- Each process of process steps S601 to S616 in the process flow illustrated in FIG. 5 is performed according to arrows between the steps in FIG. 5 and Y (yes) and N (no) in the determination process step.
- the processing contents in each of the processing steps S601 to S616 will be described according to the arrows, Y, and N in FIG.
- the magnetic flux table 210MT is referred to based on the motor temperature acquired from the motor temperature sensor 209, and the magnetic flux value is updated.
- the magnetic flux table 210MT is stored in the storage device 210M of the control unit 210 as illustrated in FIG.
- the magnetic flux table 210MT includes a motor temperature ⁇ and a motor magnetic flux ⁇ corresponding to the motor temperature.
- the motor magnetic flux corresponding to the input motor temperature is output. Is.
- the motor flux corresponding to the motor temperature that is output is appropriately updated to correct the dq-axis current command value in the automatic flux-weakening control even when the motor flux changes due to temperature changes. It can be carried out. Therefore, it is possible to improve the robustness of the motor control and mitigate the reduction in system efficiency.
- step S602 the center point IdM of the voltage limit ellipse is calculated based on the updated motor magnetic flux value.
- the calculation is performed according to Equation 1.
- IdM ⁇ / Ld (Formula 1)
- ⁇ is the motor magnetic flux acquired in step S601
- Ld is the d-axis inductance.
- step S603 the maximum value / phase of the flux-weakening current is calculated.
- the calculation is performed using Equation 2-1 and Equation 2-2.
- ⁇ arctan (Iq * / (Id * ⁇ IdM)) (Formula 2-1)
- IFWmax ⁇ (Iq * ⁇ 2 + (Id * ⁇ IdM) ⁇ 2) (Formula 2-2)
- ⁇ is the phase of the weak flux current
- IFWmax is the maximum value of the weak flux current.
- a voltage deviation Ev is calculated.
- the calculation is performed using Equation 3-1 and Equation 3-2.
- Ev Vpn ⁇ ⁇ (1/2) ⁇ k ⁇ Vrms (Equation 3-1)
- Vrms ⁇ (vd * ⁇ 2 + vq * ⁇ 2)
- Ev is the difference (voltage deviation) between the upper limit value (Vpn ⁇ ⁇ (1/2) ⁇ k) of the output voltage of the power supply voltage and the motor line voltage effective value Vrms
- k is the voltage margin.
- the value of k is determined by adjustment from experiments.
- Vpn is a power supply voltage
- vd * and vq * are dq axis voltage command values.
- step S605 the calculation result of step S604 is input to the PI controller, and the output of the PI controller is calculated.
- This PI controller is provided with a limiter whose lower limit is 0 so that the output does not become negative. Further, an anti-windup function may be added to the integrator.
- step S606 dq axis current command values IdFW * and IqFW * are calculated using the output of the PI controller. The calculation is performed using Equation 4-1 and Equation 4-2.
- IdFW * IFW ⁇ cos ⁇ + IdM (Formula 4-1)
- IqFW * IFW ⁇ sin ⁇ (Formula 4-2)
- IFW is an output value of the PI controller.
- step S607 it is determined whether the current operating point is outside the voltage limit ellipse considering the margin.
- the determination is made according to Equation 5.
- Ev ⁇ Vrms ⁇ Evth (Formula 5)
- Evth is a threshold value for determining whether the current operating point is outside the voltage limit ellipse, and is adjusted and determined by experiments or the like.
- step S608 the automatic weakening flag is enabled.
- the automatic weakening flag is a variable indicating whether automatic weakening magnetic flux control is effective. If it is 1, it indicates that it is effective, and if it is 0, it indicates that it is not effective.
- the initial value of the automatic weakening flag after startup is set to zero.
- step S609 the optimum point search flag is invalidated. Further, the counter and N used in the optimum point search process S616 are initialized. N will be described later.
- the optimum point search flag is a variable indicating whether or not the optimum point search is valid. If the optimum point search flag is 1, it is valid, and if it is 0, it is not valid.
- step S610 the dq axis current command values IdFW * and IqFW * calculated in step S606 are selected as output currents to the current control system.
- step S611 the dq-axis current command values Id * and Iq * input to the automatic flux-weakening control calculation unit 308 change due to changes in the torque command value T * input to the current command value generation unit 303. Determine if you did. The determination is made according to Equation 6.
- (n) indicates the value at the nth step of the calculation.
- Ad and Aq are threshold values for determining that the current command value has changed, and are determined by adjustment through experiments.
- step S612 the automatic weakening flag is invalidated.
- step S613 the optimum point search flag is invalidated. Also, the counter and N used in the optimum point search process are initialized.
- step S614 the dq axis current command values Id * and Iq * input to the automatic flux-weakening control unit 308 are selected as the output current to the current control system.
- step S615 it is determined whether the automatic weakening flag is established. If established, the optimum point search process S616 is continued. If not, the optimum point search process does not need to be performed, and the process continues to step S613.
- step S616 a combination of dq axis currents that maximizes the system efficiency under the given conditions is obtained by searching. Specific processing will be described later.
- the first embodiment Although the coil temperature of a motor is acquired, even if it acquires the rotor temperature of a motor with a temperature sensor, the same effect can be acquired.
- the same effect can be obtained by calculating the magnet temperature of the motor by estimation.
- the estimation is performed, for example, by measuring the magnet temperature of the motor in advance and storing it in a map with respect to the motor operating conditions, and reading the map according to the current motor operating conditions.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the optimum point search control process in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows a calculation process when the calculation step is n-th.
- an example of the processing content and processing procedure of the optimum point search control will be described in detail with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
- Each process of process steps S701 to S713 in the process flow illustrated in FIG. 6 is performed according to arrows between the steps in FIG. 6 and Y (yes) and N (no) in the determination process step.
- the processing content in each of the processing steps S701 to S713 will be described according to the arrows, Y, and N in FIG.
- step S701 it is determined whether a search completion flag for optimal point search control is established. If established, the search process is not performed and the process continues to step S712.
- step S702 the inverter input current Idc (n) is acquired from the detection value of the current sensor 310 and stored in the memory.
- step S703 a counter is added.
- step S704 it is determined whether the counter value is larger than the threshold value 1.
- the threshold value 1 is set to a value that can sufficiently eliminate the influence of measurement noise and the like.
- step S705 the counter is initialized. Also, 1 is added to the inverter input current value calculation count N. N is an integer and the initial value is 0.
- step S706 the inverter input current value Idcave (N) is calculated and stored.
- the calculation of the inverter input current value Idcave (N) is performed using the inverter input current Idc stored in step S702. For example, the arithmetic average value of all the Idc stored in steps from the initial value to the threshold value 1 being greater than the threshold value 1 is set as the inverter input current value Idcave (N).
- the calculated inverter input current value Idcave (N) is stored in the memory.
- a dq axis current combination candidate that minimizes the input current of the inverter is calculated.
- a dq-axis current combination candidate that has a torque equal to that before the search is calculated.
- the estimated torque value Test is calculated by Equation 7 from the current dq-axis current command values Id * and Iq *.
- Test Pn ⁇ ( ⁇ + (Ld ⁇ Lq) ⁇ Id *) ⁇ Iq * ... (Formula 7)
- Pn is the number of pole pairs of the motor
- Lq is the q-axis inductance.
- step S709 the current command values Idsearch * and Iqsearch * that are slightly changed on the dq axes are calculated by Expression 8-1 and Expression 8-2.
- Equation 8-3 means the slope of the constant torque curve in the dq coordinate system.
- the change direction is determined by comparing the value IdM of the d-axis coordinate at the center of the voltage limit ellipse with the IdFW * of the step immediately before the optimum point search process S616 is performed. If the immediately preceding IdFW * is smaller than IdM, the optimal point is in the positive d-axis direction, so ⁇ Id is positive.
- Idsearch * (1) and Iqsearch * (1) are values immediately before the dq-axis current command value input to the current control system 304, respectively.
- Idsearch * (N + 1) Idsearch * (N) + ⁇ Id (Formula 8-1)
- Iqsearch * (N + 1) Iqsearch * (N) + ⁇ Iq (Formula 8-2)
- ⁇ Iq Test ⁇ (Ld ⁇ Lq) / (Pn ⁇ ( ⁇ + (Ld ⁇ Lq) ⁇ Idsearch * (N)) ⁇ 2) ⁇ ⁇ Id (Equation 8-3)
- step S710 the updated dq axis current command values Idsearch * (N + 1) and Iqsearch * (N + 1) are selected as output currents to the current control system.
- step S711 it is determined that the search is completed, and the optimum point search completion flag is validated. Also, the optimum values Idopt * and Iqopt * of the dq-axis current command values are determined and stored according to equations 8-4 and 8-5.
- the search is completed at the Nth time, the result of the (N-1) th time is optimal, and therefore the search value at the (N-1) th time is adopted as shown in equations 8-4 and 8-5.
- Idot * Idsearch * (N ⁇ 1) (Equation 8-4)
- Iopt * Iqsearch * (N ⁇ 1) (Formula 8-5)
- step S712 optimum dq axis current command values Idopt * and Iqopt * are selected as output currents to the current control system.
- step S713 it is determined that the dq axis current command value is not changed, and the dq axis current command value calculated in the (n-1) th step is selected as the output current to the current control system.
- step S702 the inverter input current is acquired by the current sensor.
- the inverter current is detected by using the motor phase current detection values IU and IW, the three-phase voltage command values vU *, vV *, vW *, and the power supply voltage Vpn.
- the same effect can be obtained as the input current estimated value.
- the inverter input current Idest is estimated by, for example, Equation 9-1.
- Idestst (IU ⁇ vU * + IV ⁇ vV * + IW ⁇ vW *) / Vpn (Formula 9-1)
- IV ⁇ IU ⁇ IW (Formula 9-2)
- IV is a v-phase current
- IU is a u-phase current
- IW is a w-phase current.
- the current sensor 310 in FIG. 3 can be omitted.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart of the optimum point search control in FIG. 5 when the motor temperature in Embodiment 1 of the present invention is lowered.
- FIG. 7 is shown in comparison with the case of the control of the conventional apparatus, and is shown by a solid line in the case of the control of the present invention apparatus and by a dotted line in the case of the control of the conventional apparatus.
- a d-axis current command value indicates a d-axis current command value input to the current control system 304
- a q-axis current command value indicates a q-axis current command value input to the current control system 304.
- FIG. 7 shows the same case as in FIG. However, FIG. 7 does not illustrate measurement noise included in the inverter input current Idc.
- the optimum point search control is started when the formula (5) is not satisfied during the automatic flux-weakening control. Since the search completion flag is 0 under the initial conditions, the input current acquisition point storage S702 and the counter addition S703 in FIG. 7 are performed. When the counter value is equal to or less than the threshold value 1, the dq axis current command value of n-1 steps is selected as the dq axis current command value output.
- the counter When the counter value becomes larger than the threshold value 1, the counter is initialized and the inverter input current value Idcave (N) is calculated. If the condition is not satisfied in step S707, the dq-axis current command value is updated by equation 8-1, equation 8-2, and equation 8-3 in step S709, and the value is output.
- step S707 the search completion flag is validated, and the dq-axis current command values Idopt * and Iqopt * which are optimum values are set. select.
- the dq-axis current command value is corrected after the automatic flux-weakening control so that the inverter input current Idc is minimized, thereby mitigating the problem of efficiency reduction. It becomes possible.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the effect of the first embodiment of the present invention when the motor temperature is lowered.
- Embodiment 1 of the present invention when automatic flux-weakening control is performed, the current motor temperature is detected, the magnet magnetic flux of the motor corresponding to the motor temperature is calculated by the magnet magnetic flux calculation unit, and the calculated motor An appropriate voltage limit ellipse 801 and an appropriate voltage limit ellipse center point 802 can be obtained by updating the center point of the voltage limit ellipse using the magnet magnetic flux. Therefore, when the current vector 805 is first input as a command value, the current vector is corrected toward the center point 802 of the appropriate voltage limiting ellipse 801 corresponding to the change in the motor temperature by automatic flux-weakening control. The intersection point 901 with the appropriate voltage limit ellipse 801 is reached. As described above, the robustness of the automatic flux-weakening control with respect to the temperature change of the motor is improved.
- a constant torque curve at the torque at the point 901 is calculated as a dq-axis current combination candidate that minimizes the input current of the inverter.
- the axis coordinate is compared with the d-axis coordinate of the point 802. When the d-axis coordinate of the point 901 is large, the d-axis direction is negative. When the d-axis coordinate of the point 901 is small, the d-axis coordinate is -Search for dq axis current that minimizes inverter input current in q axis current combination candidates, and correct current command value at point 903 where system efficiency is maximized. It is possible to mitigate a decrease in system efficiency of a drive system including an inverter.
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Abstract
Description
ハイブリッド車および電気自動車は、共に、バッテリに蓄電された直流電力をインバータ回路で交流電力に変換してモータに供給し、車両を走行させる。
図9は、永久磁石形同期電動機の従来の制御装置を示したものである。図9において、7は直流電源、6はインバータ、301は電流検出器、4はモータ、302は磁極位置検出器、309はインバータ制御回路である。
ここで、制御回路309は、トルク指令値T*が入力されて最終的にインバータの各相スイッチング素子に対するゲートパルス信号PU*,PV*,PW*を生成し出力するものであり、以下、その構成を動作と共に説明する。
なお、電流制御系304では、d-q軸間で生じる干渉を打ち消す非干渉制御が実施される。
二相/三相変換部305で演算された三相電圧指令値はPWM変調部306に入力され、ゲートパルス信号PU*,PV*,PW*を生成しインバータ6に入力する。
しかし、この方法では、モータ温度が設計値から変化した時、モータの特性が変化するため、電流指令値を補正した場合に、d-q軸電流の組み合わせがトルクおよび回転数に対して最適ではないために、モータ効率が低下し、モータとインバータを合わせたシステム効率が低下するという課題がある。
前記モータの磁石温度を検出する磁石温度検出部、前記モータの磁石温度に対応したモータの磁石磁束を算出する磁石磁束算出部、前記モータの電源の電圧により出力可能な値により定まる電圧制限楕円内で前記インバータの入力電流を最小とするd-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補を算出するd-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補算出部、および自動弱め磁束制御により前記電圧制限楕円上に前記モータのd-q軸電流が移動した場合に前記d-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補の範囲内で前記インバータの入力電流を最小とするd-q軸電流を探索するd-q軸電流探索部を備えているものであり、モータ制御のロバスト性の向上及びモータとインバータとからなる駆動システムのシステム効率の低下の緩和が可能となる。
また、モータ温度が上昇した場合においても本発明により同様の効果を得ることができる。
以下、この発明に係るモータ制御装置の好適な実施の形態1につき図1から図8を用いて説明する。各図において同一または相当する部分については、同一符号を付して説明する。
そして、発電機2が発電した電力、もしくは、バッテリ7に蓄電された電力を、モータ4に供給することで、モータ4を駆動する。モータ4はタイヤ5を駆動し、車両を走行させる。なお、バッテリ7に蓄電された電力をモータ4に供給する場合には、バッテリ7に蓄電された直流電力をインバータ6によって交流電力に変換して、モータ4に供給する。
また、インバータ6が、バッテリ7に蓄電された直流電力を交流電力に変換して、発電機2を駆動し、エンジン1を始動することも行う。
また、上記のように、発電機2およびモータ4は、駆動と発電を兼ね備えるモータ・ジェネレータであってもよい。
また、車両が一つのバッテリと一つのインバータを有するもので説明するが、複数の異なる電圧のバッテリを備え、発電機とインバータとの間、および、バッテリとインバータとの間に、電圧変換を行うDC/DCコンバータ等を有するものであってもよい。
また、制御部210は、温度センサ209からのセンサ信号に基づいて、温度センサが設けられているモータのモータ温度(温度情報)を取得する。
モータ温度センサ209はモータのコイル温度を測定しモータの磁石温度推定値とし、電流センサ310はインバータ6の入力電流を計測する。モータ温度センサ209および電流センサ310で取得したセンサ情報を自動弱め磁束制御演算部308で使用する。
図5に例示の処理フローにおける処理ステップS601からS616の各処理は、図5の各ステップ間の矢印、判定処理ステップにおけるY(イエス(yes)),N(ノー(no))に従って行われる。以下、図5の矢印、Y、Nに従って、処理ステップS601からS616の各々での処理内容を説明する。
磁束テーブル210MTは、図2に例示のように制御部210の記憶装置210Mに格納されている。磁束テーブル210MTは、図4Bに例示のように、モータ温度τとモータ温度に対応するモータ磁束Ψとで構成されており、モータ温度を入力すると、入力したモータ温度に対応するモータ磁束を出力するものである。出力されたモータ温度対応のモータ磁束はモータ磁束の値を適切に更新することにより、温度変化によりモータ磁束が変化した場合でも自動弱め磁束制御でのd-q軸電流指令値の補正を適切に行うことができる。そのため、モータ制御のロバスト性向上およびシステム効率低下の緩和が可能となる。
IdM=-Ψ/Ld・・・・・(式1)
ここで、ΨはステップS601で取得したモータ磁束、Ldはd軸インダクタンスである。
θ=arctan(Iq*/(Id*-IdM))
・・・・・(式2-1)
IFWmax=√(Iq*^2+(Id*-IdM)^2)
・・・・・(式2-2)
ここで、θは弱め磁束電流の位相、IFWmaxは弱め磁束電流の最大値である。
Ev=Vpn×√(1/2)×k-Vrms・・・・・(式3-1)
Vrms=√(vd*^2+vq*^2)・・・・・(式3-2)
ここで、Evは、電源電圧が出力可能な電圧の上限値(Vpn×√(1/2)×k)とモータの線間電圧実効値Vrmsとの差(電圧偏差)、kは、電圧余裕のマージンであり、kの値は実験などから調整して定める。また、Vpnは電源電圧、vd*、vq*はd-q軸電圧指令値である。
IdFW*=IFW×cosθ+IdM・・・・・(式4-1)
IqFW*=IFW×sinθ・・・・・(式4-2)
ここで、IFWはPI制御器の出力値である。
Ev-Vrms<Evth・・・・・(式5)
ここで、Evthは現在の動作点が電圧制限楕円の外側であるか判定する閾値であり、実験等により調整し定める。
|Id*(n)-Id*(n-1)| > Ad
or
|Iq*(n)-Iq*(n-1)| > Aq・・・・・(式6)
ここで、(n)は演算nステップ目の値であることを示す。また、Ad、Aqは電流指令値が変化したと判定する閾値であり、実験などを行い調整して定める。
以下、図6のフローチャートにより、最適点探索制御の処理内容および処理手順の一例を詳細に説明する。
図6に例示の処理フローにおける処理ステップS701からS713の各処理は、図6の各ステップ間の矢印、判定処理ステップにおけるY(イエス(yes)),N(ノー(no))に従って行われる。以下、図6の矢印、Y、Nに従って、処理ステップS701からS713の各々での処理内容を説明する。
Test=Pn×(Ψ+(Ld-Lq)×Id*)×Iq*
・・・・・(式7)
ここで、Pnはモータの極対数、Lqはq軸インダクタンスである。
Idsearch*(N+1)=Idsearch*(N)+ΔId
・・・・・(式8-1)
Iqsearch*(N+1)=Iqsearch*(N)+ΔIq
・・・・・(式8-2)
ΔIq=Test×(Ld-Lq)/(Pn×(Ψ+(Ld-Lq)×Idsearch*(N))^2)×ΔId・・・・・(式8-3)
また,d-q軸電流指令値の最適値Idopt*,Iqopt*を式8-4、8-5により定め保存する。N回目で探索が完了した場合、N-1回目の結果が最適であるため、式8-4,8-5に示す通りN-1回目の探索値が採用される。
Idopt*=Idsearch*(N-1)・・・(式8-4)
Iqopt*=Iqsearch*(N-1)・・・(式8-5)
Idcest=(IU×vU*+IV×vV*+IW×vW*)/Vpn
・・・・・(式9-1)
IV=-IU-IW・・・・・(式9-2)
ここで、IVはv相相電流、IUはu相相電流、IWはw相相電流である。
なお、本発明は、その発明の範囲内において、実施の形態を適宜、変形することができる。
Claims (6)
- 複数のスイッチング素子を有する複数相のアームを含むインバータと、前記インバータにより駆動される複数相のモータとを有した車両における前記モータの制御を行うモータ制御装置において、
前記モータの磁石温度を検出する磁石温度検出部、前記モータの磁石温度に対応したモータの磁石磁束を算出する磁石磁束算出部、前記モータの電源の電圧により出力可能な値により定まる電圧制限楕円内で前記インバータの入力電流を最小とするd-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補を算出するd-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補算出部、および自動弱め磁束制御により前記電圧制限楕円上に前記モータのd-q軸電流が移動した場合に前記d-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補の範囲内で前記インバータの入力電流を最小とするd-q軸電流を探索するd-q軸電流探索部を備えていること特徴とするモータ制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載のモータ制御装置において、前記d-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補算出部は、前記磁石温度検出部の出力と前記磁石磁束算出部の出力とから前記モータの磁石磁束を取得し、前記モータのd-q軸電流と前記モータの磁石磁束とから前記モータのトルクを推定し、前記モータのトルクが前記推定されたトルクとなるような前記d-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補を算出することを特徴とするモータ制御装置。
- 請求項1または請求項2に記載のモータ制御装置において、前記d-q軸電流探索部は、前記電圧制限楕円の中心と、前記d-q軸電流が前記電圧制限楕円上にある時のd軸電流指令値とを比較し、前記電圧制限楕円の中心が大きい場合は、前記d-q軸電流の組み合わせ候補において、前記d軸電流指令値を正方向に、前記電圧制限楕円の中心が小さい場合は、前記d軸電流を負方向に変化させることを特徴とするモータ制御装置。
- 請求項1に記載のモータ制御装置において、前記モータの磁石磁束算出部は、前記モータの磁石温度を入力としたモータの磁束テーブルを備え、前記モータの磁石温度と前記モータの磁石磁束マップから前記モータの磁石磁束を求めることを特徴とするモータ制御装置。
- 請求項1に記載のモータ制御装置において、前記インバータの入力電流は、前記モータの相電流、3相電圧指令値、電源電圧のうちいずれか1つ以上を用いて推定した値であることを特徴とするモータ制御装置。
- 請求項1に記載のモータ制御装置において、前記モータの磁石温度は、前記モータのコイル温度、モータ電流、モータ電圧のうちいずれか1つ以上を用いて推定した値であることを特徴とするモータ制御装置。
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CN107750427A (zh) | 2018-03-02 |
DE112015006640T5 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
JP6289754B2 (ja) | 2018-03-07 |
US20180123493A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
US10469015B2 (en) | 2019-11-05 |
JPWO2016207936A1 (ja) | 2017-08-24 |
CN107750427B (zh) | 2020-04-10 |
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