Classifications

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  • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4355—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having oxygen as a ring hetero atom
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  • A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4365—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system having sulfur as a ring hetero atom, e.g. ticlopidine
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/444—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring heteroatom, e.g. amrinone
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  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5355—Non-condensed oxazines and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
  • A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
  • A61K31/5377—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. timolol
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  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/55—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole
  • A61K31/551—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having seven-membered rings, e.g. azelastine, pentylenetetrazole having two nitrogen atoms, e.g. dilazep
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
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  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
  • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
  • C07K16/2803—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily
  • C07K16/2818—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against the immunoglobulin superfamily against CD28 or CD152
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  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K2300/00—Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
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  • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
  • C07B2200/07—Optical isomers

Definitions

• Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 is a hematopoietic cell-restricted Ste20 serine/threonine kinase.
• HPKl kinase activity can be induced by activation signals generated by various different cell surface receptors found in hematopoietic cells upon ligand engagement.
• Ligand engagement or antibody-mediated crosslinking of T cell receptors (TCR), B cell antigen receptor (BCR) Liou et al, 2000, Immunity 12:399), transforming growth factor ⁇ receptor (TGF ⁇ R) (Wang et al., 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:22771; Zhou et al, 1999, J.
• HPKl acts as a down-modulator of T and B cell functions through the AP-1, NFKB, Erk2, and Fos pathways; for example, HPKl has been implicated as a negative regulator of signal transduction in T-cells through phosphorylation and activation of the T-cell receptor adaptor protein SLP-76 (Di Bartolo et al., 2007, J. Exp. Med. 204:681), which leads to subsequent downregulation of the AP-1 and Erk2 pathways.
• SLP-76 T-cell receptor adaptor protein
• BCR B-cell receptor
• HPKl is now viewed as a possible target for therapeutic intervention.
• HPKl can be a novel target for cancer immunotherapy (Sawasdikosol et al., Immunol Res. 2012 Dec;54(l-3):262-5).
• targeted disruption of HPKl alleles confers T cells with an elevated Thl cytokine production in response to TCR engagement.
• HPKl (-/-) T cells proliferate more rapidly than the haplotype- matched wild-type counterpart and are resistant to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2))-mediated suppression.
• PGE(2) prostaglandin E2
• mice that received adoptive transfer of HPKl (-/-) T cells became resistant to lung tumor growth.
• the loss of HPKl from dendritic cells (DCs) endows them with superior antigen presentation ability, enabling HPKl (-/-) DCs to elicit a more potent anti-tumor immune response when used as cancer vaccine.
• HPKl When evaluating if a small-molecule inhibitor of HPKl would capture the phenotype of mice with targeted disruption of the gene, it is important to consider the non-catalytic roles of the protein.
• full-length HPKl can promote TCR-mediated activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF- ⁇ ) pathway
• the catalytically inactive cleavage product HPK1-C can suppress NF- ⁇ activation upon TCR restimulation, leading to activation-induced cell death (AICD) (Brenner et al, EMBO J. 2005, 24:4279).
• HPKl Taking together the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of HPKl, it is possible that blocking the HPKl kinase activity with a small-molecule inhibitor may promote activation of B-and T-cells, leading to superior anti-tumor immunity, while also facilitating AICD, helping to maintain peripheral immune tolerance.
• the exact effects of an HPKl inhibitor would be borne out by testing in mouse models of cancer, such as syngeneic tumor xenografts. Given that HPKl is not expressed in any major organs, outside the hematopoietic system, it is less likely that an inhibitor of HPKl kinase activity would cause any serious side effects.
• thienopyridinone compounds are HPKl inhibitors (see Example B). They also have inhibitory activities against FLT3 and LCK (see Example C). Additionally, it has been demonstrated that certain thienopyridinone compounds as HPKl inhibitors alone, and in combination with anti-PD-1 antibodies are effective in preclinical models with certain cancer cell types (see Example E).
• the particular combination therapies disclosed herein demonstrate surprising biological activity with significant anticancer effects. Specifically, with the combination of HPKl inhibitors and anti-PD-1 antibodies, significant responses following PD-1/PD-L1 blockade have now been demonstrated in CT26. WT colon carcinoma. Based on these discoveries, thienopyridinone compounds, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of using the same are disclosed herein.
• One embodiment of the invention is a compound represented by Structural Formula
• Another embodiment of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) described above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a subject with a disease which can be regulated by HPKl comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a method of inhibiting HPKl activity in a subject in need of inhibition of HPKl activity, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for use in therapy.
• the therapy is for treating a subject with cancer.
• the therapy is for inhibiting HPKl activity in a subject in need of inhibition of HPKl activity.
• Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a subject with cancer.
• a compound represented by Structural Formulas (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting HPKl activity in a subject in need of inhibition of HPKl activity.
• the present invention is also directed to a method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a HPKl inhibitor (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (I)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an effective second anti-cancer treatment (e.g. , a chemotherapeutic agent, a targeted therapeutic agent, radiation or surgery).
• the second anti-cancer treatment is a PD-1 inhibitor.
• the present invention is also directed to a method of treating a subject with cancer, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a HPKl inhibitor (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (I)), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an effective amount of an immunomodulatory agent such as a checkpoint inhibitor (e.g. , anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody or anti-PD-Ll antibody ) or an inhibitor of tryptophan oxidation (e.g. IDOl, ID02 or TD02 inhibitor).
• a checkpoint inhibitor e.g. , anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-CTLA4 antibody or anti-PD-Ll antibody
• an inhibitor of tryptophan oxidation e.g. IDOl, ID02 or TD02 inhibitor
• the immunomodulatory agent is anti-PD-1 antibody.
• the present invention further provides the use of a HPKl inhibitor (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof), for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a subject with cancer, in combination with a PD-1 inhibitor such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, BMS 936559, MPDL3280A, MSB0010718C or MEDI4736.
• a PD-1 inhibitor such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, BMS 936559, MPDL3280A, MSB0010718C or MEDI4736.
• the PD-1 inhibitor is nivolumab.
• the PD-1 inhibitor is pembrolizumab.
• the PD-1 inhibitor is anti-PDl antibody.
• the HPKl inhibitor is admininstered with an effective amount of one or more other anti-cancer therapies, and preferably in combination with PD-1 inhibitor.
• Figure 1 shows the inhibitory effect of compound example A30 against SLP-76 serine 376 phosphorylation in a-CD3 stimulated Jurkat E6.1 cells.
• Figure 2 is a graph illustrating the tumour growth inhibition percentage following administration of compound Al alone and in combination with an anti-PDl antibody.
• Figure 3 shows the effect of compound example A30 in the EAE disease progression model.
• the invention is directed to a compound represented by Formula (I):
• one of Xi, X 2 , and X3 is S, the other two are each independently CR, wherein R is -H, -F, -CI, -Br, -CN, -NH3 ⁇ 4 -OH, optionally substituted (Ci-C 6 )alkyl, optionally substituted (Ci- Ce)alkoxy, optionally substituted -(CH2) n (C3-Cio)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n -3- 7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n phenyl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n -5-7 membered monocyclic heteroaryl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n - bridged (C6-Ci 2 )cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n -6-12 membered bridged heterocyclyl, optionally substituted -(
• Ri is -NR a R b or -OR al ;
• R a for each occurrence is independently -H, optionally substituted (Ci-Ce)alkyl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n (C3-Cio)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n -3-10 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n (C6-Cio)aryl, optionally substituted - (CH 2 ) n -5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n -bridged (C6-Ci 2 )cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted -(CH 2 ) n -6-12 membered bridged heterocyclyl;
• R b for each occurrence is independently -H or -(Ci-C6)alkyl; or,
• R a and R b together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form optionally substituted -(C3-Cio)heterocyclyl;
• R al for each occurrence is independently -H, optionally substituted (Ci-C6)alkyl, optionally substituted (C3-Cio)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted (C6-Cio)aryl, or optionally substituted 3-10 membered heteroaryl; or
• R 2 and R3 are each independently -H or -(Ci-C6)alkyl;
• R.4 and Rs are each independently -H, optionally substituted (Ci-C6)alkyl, optionally substituted (C3-Cio)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted 3-10 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted (C6-Cio)aryl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally substituted bridged (C6-Ci2)cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted 6-12 membered bridged heterocyclyl; or
• R.4 and Rs together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form optionally substituted 4-10 membered heterocyclyl, optionally substituted 5-10 membered heteroaryl, or optionally substituted 6-12 membered bridged heterocyclyl;
• R6 for each occurrence is independently -F, -CI, -Br, -CN, -NH3 ⁇ 4 -OH, -(Ci-C6)alkyl, -(Ci-C 6 )haloalkyl, -(C 2 -C 6 )alkenyl, -(C 2 -C 6 )alkynyl, (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, -(Ci-C 6 )alkoxy, -(Ci- C 6 )haloalkoxy, -(Ci-C 6 )alkylene-OH, or -(Ci-C 6 )alkylene-NH 2 ;
• n 0, 1, 2, or 3;
• n 0, 1, or 2.
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C):
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R 4 and R 5 , together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl or 6-12 membered bridged heterocyclyl, wherein the 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl or 6-12 membered bridged heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups selected from -F, - CI, -Br, -CN, -Nth, -OH, oxo, -(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, -(Ci-C 4 )haloalkyl, -(Ci-C 4 )alkoxy, -(Ci- C 4 )haloalkoxy, -(Ci-C 4 )alkylene-OH, or -(Ci-C 4
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R a for each occurrence is independently -H, -(Ci-Ce)alkyl, -(CH 2 ) hinder-(C3-C 7 )cycloalkyl, -(CH 2 ) admir-4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, -(CH2) n -bridged (C6-Ci2)cycloalkyl, optionally substituted -(CH2) n - 5-10 membered heteroaryl; or -(CH2) n -6-12 membered bridged heterocyclyl, wherein -(Ci- C6)alkyl, -(CH2) n -(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, -(CH2) n -4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl, - (CH 2
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R is H, -F, -CI, -Br, -OH, - (Ci-C 4 )alkyl, -(Ci-C 4 )haloalkyl, -(Ci-C 4 )alkoxy, -(Ci-C )alkylene-OH or 4-7 membered monocyclic heterocyclyl optionally substituted with 1-3 groups selected from -F, -CI, -Br, - OH, -(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, -(Ci-C 4 )haloalkyl, or -(Ci-C 4 )alkoxy, and values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I) or in the third or fourth embodiment.
• R is H, -F
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R 4 and R 5 , together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form -N-alkyl-piperazinyl or morpholinyl, wherein the piperazinyl or morpholinyl is optionally substituted with 1-2 groups selected from -F, -CI, - Br,-OH, -(Ci-C 4 )alkyl, -(Ci-C 4 )haloalkyl, or -(Ci-C 4 )alkoxy, and values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I), or in the third, fourth, or fifth embodiment.
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R a for each occurrence is independently -H, -(CH2) n -(C3-C6)cycloalkyl, -(CH2) n -3-6 membered heterocyclyl, wherein the -(CH2) n -(C3-C6)cycloalkyl or -(CH2) n -3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with 1-3 groups selected from -F, -CI, -Br, -CN, -NH2, -OH, -(Ci- C 4 )alkyl, or -(Ci-C 4 )alkoxy; and n is 0 or 1, and values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I), or in the third, fourth, fifth, or sixth
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R is H, -(Ci- C4)alkyl, -(Ci-C4)alkoxy, N-piperazinyl optionally substituted with -C02-(Ci-C4)alkyl, and values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I), or in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh embodiment.
• R is H.
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R 4 and R 5 , together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form -N-methyl-piperazinyl or morpholinyl, both of which are optionally substituted with one or two methyl, and values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I), or in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth embodiment.
• the invention provides a compound represented by structural formula (I), (I-A)-(I-C), (II-A)-(II-C), or (III-A)-(III-C), wherein R a for each occurrence is independently -H; -(C3-Ce)cycloalkyl optionally substituted with -OH; -(CH2) n -tetrahydro- 2H-pyran; morpholinyl; piperidinyl optionally substituted with -F, -OH or methyl; or tetrahydrofuran; and n is 0 or 1, and values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I), or in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth or ninth embodiment.
• the invention also includes the compounds depicted by structure and/or described by name in the Exemplification.
• the invention includes both the neutral form (free base) of these compounds as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• Treatments with and/or uses of these compounds includes the neutral form of these compounds as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• alkyl used alone or as part of a larger moiety, such as “alkoxy” or “haloalkyl” and the like, means saturated aliphatic straight-chain or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical. Unless otherwise specified, an alkyl group typically has 1-6 carbon atoms, i.e. (Ci-C6)alkyl. As used herein, a "(Ci-C6)alkyl” group means a radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement. Examples include methyl, ethyl, n- propyl, wo-propyl etc.
• Alkoxy means an alkyl radical attached through an oxygen linking atom, represented by -O-alkyl.
• (Ci-C4)alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy.
• haloalkyl and haloalkoxy means alkyl or alkoxy, as the case may be, substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
• halogen means F, CI, Br or I.
• the halogen in a haloalkyl or haloalkoxy is F.
• Alkenyl means branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing at least one double bond. Alkenyl may be mono or polyunsaturated, and may exist in the E or Z configuration. Unless otherwise specified, an alkenyl group typically has 2-6 carbon atoms, i.e. (C2-Ce)alkenyl.
• (C2-C6)alkenyl means a radical having from 2-6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement.
• Alkynyl means branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing at least one triple bond. Unless otherwise specified, an alkynyl group typically has 2-6 carbon atoms, i.e. (C2-Ce)alkynyl.
• (C2-C6)alkynyl means a radical having from 2-6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement.
• Cycloalkyl means a saturated aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon radical, typically containing from 3-8 ring carbon atoms, i.e., (C3-C8)cycloalkyl.
• (C3-C8)cycloalkyl includes, but is not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
• bridged used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “bridged cycloalkyl” or “bridged heterocyclyl” refers to a ring system which includes two rings that share at least three adjacent ring atoms.
• Bridged cycloalkyl typically contains 6-12 ring carbon atoms.
• Bridged heterocyclyl typically have 6-12 ring atoms selected from carbon and at least one (typically 1 to 4, more typically 1 or 2) heteroatom (e.g. , oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur).
• aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “arylalkyl”, “arylalkoxy”, or “aryloxyalkyl”, means a carbocyclic aromatic ring. It also includes a phenyl ring fused with a cycloalkyl group.
• aryl may be used interchangeably with the terms “aryl ring” “carbocyclic aromatic ring”, “aryl group” and “carbocyclic aromatic group”.
• An aryl group typically has six to fourteen ring atoms.
• Examples includes phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, 1,2-dihydronaphthyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, fluorenyl, indanyl, indenyl and the like.
• a "substituted aryl group” is substituted at any one or more substitutable ring atom, which is a ring carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen.
• heteroaryl when used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “heteroarylalkyl” or “heteroarylalkoxy”, refers to aromatic ring groups having five to fourteen ring atoms selected from carbon and at least one (typically 1 to 4, more typically 1 or 2) heteroatoms (e.g. , oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur).
• Heteroaryl includes monocyclic rings and polycyclic rings in which a monocyclic heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more other aryl, heterocyclyl or heteroaromatic rings.
• heteroaryl includes monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic ring systems.
• Examples of monocyclic 5-6 membered heteroaryl groups include furanyl (e.g., 2- furanyl, 3-furanyl), imidazolyl (e.g., N-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl), isoxazolyl (e.g. , 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazolyl, 5-isoxazolyl), oxadiazolyl (e.g. , 2-oxadiazolyl, 5- oxadiazolyl), oxazolyl (e.g. , 2-oxazolyl, 4-oxazolyl, 5-oxazolyl), pyrazolyl (e.g.
• pyrrolyl e.g. , 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl
• pyridyl e.g. , 2-pyridyl, 3- pyridyl, 4-pyridyl
• pyrimidinyl e.g., 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl
• pyridazinyl e.g., 3-pyridazinyl
• thiazolyl e.g. , 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl
• isothiazolyl triazolyl (e.g.
• polycyclic aromatic heteroaryl groups include carbazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, indolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, acridinyl, or benzisoxazolyl.
• a "substituted heteroaryl group” is substituted at any one or more substitutable ring atom, which is a ring carbon or ring nitrogen atom bonded to a hydrogen.
• Heterocyclyl means a saturated or unsaturated non-aromatic 3-12 membered ring radical optionally containing one or more double bonds. It can be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, or fused.
• the heterocycloalkyl contains 1 to 4 heteroatoms, which may be the same or different, selected from N, O or S.
• the heterocyclyl ring optionally contains one or more double bonds and/or is optionally fused with one or more aromatic rings (e.g., phenyl ring).
• the term “heterocyclyl” is intended to include all the possible isomeric forms.
• heterocycloalkyl examples include, but are not limited to, azetidinyl , morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyrrolidinonyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hydantoinyl, valerolactamyl, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, dihydroimidazole, dihydrofuranyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydropyridinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, tetrahydroimidazole, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, and tetrahydrothiopyrany
• polycyclic heterocycloalkyl groups include dihydroindolyl, dihydroisoindolyl, dihydrobenzimidazolyl, dihydrobenzothienyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, dihydroisobenzofuranyl, dihydrobenzotriazolyl, dihydrobenzothiazolyl, dihydrobenzoxazolyl, dihydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydroindazolyl, dihydroacridinyl, tetrahydroacridinyl, dihydrobenzisoxazolyl, chroman, chromene, isochroman and isochromene.
• Stereoisomers are compounds which differ only in their spatial arrangement.
• a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure without indicating stereochemistry, it is understood that the name or structure encompasses all possible stereoisomers, geometric isomers, including essentially pure stereo or geometric isomers, as well as combination thereof.
• Stereoisomers are compounds that differ only in their spatial arrangement. Enantiomers are pairs of stereoisomers whose mirror images are not superimposable, most commonly because they contain an asymmetrically substituted carbon atom that acts as a chiral center. "Enantiomer” means one of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other and are not superimposable. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that contain two or more asymmetrically substituted carbon atoms. "Geometric isomers” are stereoisomers that differ in the orientation of substituent atoms in relationship to a carbon-carbon double bond, to a carbocyclyl ring, or to a bridged bicyclic system.
• geometric isomeric purity of the named or depicted geometric isomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% pure by weight.
• Geometric isomeric purity is determined by dividing the weight of the named or depicted geometric isomer in the mixture by the total weight of all of the geometric isomers in the mixture.
• the named or depicted stereoisomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight pure relative to all of the other stereoisomers. Percent by weight pure relative to all of the other stereoisomers is the ratio of the weight of one stereoisomer over the weight of the other stereoisomers.
• the depicted or named enantiomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight optically pure (also referred to as "enantiomerically pure"). Percent optical purity by weight is the ratio of the weight of the enantiomer over the weight of the enantiomer plus the weight of its optical isomer.
• stereochemistry of a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure, and the named or depicted structure encompasses more than one stereoisomer (e.g. , as in a diastereomeric pair), it is to be understood that one of the encompassed stereoisomers or any mixture of the encompassed stereoisomers are included. It is to be further understood that the stereoisomeric purity of the named or depicted stereoisomers at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight pure relative to all of the other stereoisomers. The stereoisomeric purity in this case is determined by dividing the total weight in the mixture of the stereoisomers encompassed by the name or structure by the total weight in the mixture of all of the stereoisomers.
• the name or structure encompasses one stereoisomer free of other stereoisomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and mixtures of stereoisomers in which one or more stereoisomers is enriched relative to the other stereoisomer(s).
• the name or structure may encompass one stereoisomer free of other diastereomers, mixtures of stereoisomers, and mixtures of stereoisomers in which one or more diastereomers is enriched relative to the other diastereomer(s).
• Enantiomeric and diastereomeric mixtures can be resolved into their component enantiomers or stereoisomers by well-known methods, such as chiral-phase gas chromatography, chiral-phase high performance liquid chromatography, crystallizing the compound as a chiral salt complex, or crystallizing the compound in a chiral solvent.
• Enantiomers and diastereomers can also be obtained from diastereomerically- or enantiomerically-pure intermediates, reagents, and catalysts by well-known asymmetric synthetic methods.
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the compounds described herein include salts of inorganic acids (such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids) and of organic acids (such as acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, ethanesulfonic, methanesulfonic, succinic, and trifluoroacetic acid acids).
• inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic, phosphoric, metaphosphoric, nitric, and sulfuric acids
• organic acids such as acetic acid, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, ethanesulfonic, methanesulfonic, succinic, and trifluoroacetic acid acids.
• Compounds of the present teachings with acidic groups such as carboxylic acids can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with pharmaceutically acceptable base(s).
• Suitable pharmaceutically acceptable basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts (such as sodium and potassium salts) and alkaline earth metal salts (such as magnesium and calcium salts).
• Compounds with a quaternary ammonium group also contain a counteranion such as chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, perchlorate and the like.
• Other examples of such salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, methanesulfonates, nitrates, acetates, succinates, benzoates and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid.
• Compounds described herein can inhibit HPK1.
• compounds described herein are useful in the treatment of diseases or conditions associated with such kinases.
• the compounds described herein are HPK1 inhibitors, and are useful for treating diseases, such as cancer, associated with such kinase(s).
• Another aspect of the present teachings relates to a method of treating a subject with cancer comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound described herein.
• the compounds described herein inhibit the growth of a tumor.
• Cancers that can be treated (including reduction in the likelihood of recurrence) by the methods of the present teachings include breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, leukemias, lymphomas, brain cancer (including glioblastoma multiforme and neuroblastoma), head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cancer, and soft tissue sarcomas.
• the cancer is breast cancer, colon cancer, and ovarian cancer.
• the cancer is selected from leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, breast cancer, brain cancer, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, metastatic melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and renal cancer.
• the cancer is lung cancer, colon cancer, brain cancer, neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme or ovarian cancer.
• the cancer is lung cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, brain cancer, neuroblastoma, prostate cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme or ovarian cancer.
• the cancer is breast cancer, colon cancer and lung cancer. In another embodiment, the cancer is a breast cancer. In yet another embodiment, the cancer is a basal sub-type breast cancer or a luminal B subtype breast cancer. In yet another embodiment, the cancer is a basal sub-type breast cancer. In yet another embodiment, the basal sub-type breast cancer is ER (estrogen receptor), HER2 and PR (progesterone receptor) negative breast cancer. In yet another embodiment, the cancer is a soft tissue cancer. A "soft tissue cancer" is an art-recognized term that encompasses tumors derived from any soft tissue of the body.
• soft tissue connects, supports, or surrounds various structures and organs of the body, including, but not limited to, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, tendons, fibrous tissues, fatty tissue, blood and lymph vessels, perivascular tissue, nerves, mesenchymal cells and synovial tissues.
• soft tissue cancers can be of fat tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue, joint tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and fibrous tissues.
• Soft tissue cancers can be benign or malignant. Generally, malignant soft tissue cancers are referred to as sarcomas, or soft tissue sarcomas.
• soft tissue tumors including lipoma, lipoblastoma, hibernoma, liposarcoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neurofibroma, schwannoma (neurilemoma), neuroma, malignant schwannoma, neurofibrosarcoma, neurogenic sarcoma, nodular tenosynovitis, synovial sarcoma, hemangioma, glomus tumor, hemangiopericytoma, hemangioendothelioma, angiosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphangioma, fibroma, elastofibroma, superficial fibromatosis, fibrous histiocytoma, fibrosarcoma, fibromatosis, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), malignant fibrous hist
• the soft tissue cancer is a sarcoma selected from the group consisting of a fibrosarcoma, a gastrointestinal sarcoma, a leiomyosarcoma, a dedifferentiated liposarcoma, a pleomorphic liposarcoma, a malignant fibrous histiocytoma, a round cell sarcoma, and a synovial sarcoma.
• the present teachings also provide methods of treating a subject with a disease comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) in combination with an effective immunomodulatory therapy (also referred as immunotherapy).
• Immunotherapy is the treatment of disease by using an immunomodulatory agent to induce, enhance, or suppress an immune response. Immunotherapies designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies.
• the disease described herein is a cancer.
• Immunomodulatory therapies used alone or in combination approaches, include i) immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors, including but not limited to anti-CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) antibodies (e.g. Ipilimumab), agents that disrupt the PD- 1/PD-Ll and PD-L2 interaction, e.g. Nivolumab (Opdivo - Bristol Myers Squibb), Pembrolizumab (Keytruda, KM-3475, Merck), Pidilizumab (CT-011, Cure Tech), BMS 936559 (BMS) and MPDL3280A (Roche); and other immune response inhibitory receptors e.g.
• CTLA4 cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
• Ipilimumab cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
• agents that disrupt the PD- 1/PD-Ll and PD-L2 interaction e.g. Nivolumab (Opdivo - Bristol
• the immunomodulatory agent used for the immunomodulatory therapy is a PD-1 inhibitor, for example, an anti-PDl antibody.
• Programmed cell death protein 1 also known as PD-1 and CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDCD1 gene.
• PD-1 is a cell surface receptor that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is expressed on T cells and pro-B cells.
• PD-1 binds two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, both of which are members of the B7 family.
• PD-1 and its ligands play an important role in down regulating the immune system by preventing the activation of T-cells, which in turn reduces autoimmunity and promotes self- tolerance.
• the inhibitory effect of PD-1 is accomplished through a dual mechanism of promoting apoptosis(programmed cell death) in antigen specific T-cells in lymph nodes while simultaneously reducing apoptosis in regulatory T cells (suppressor T cells).
• the PD-1 inhibitor used in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, BMS 936559, MPDL3280A, MSB0010718C or MEDI4736.
• BMS 936559, MPDL3280A, MSB0010718C, and MEDI4736 bind ligand PD-L1, all of which are antibodies.
• Both nivolumab and pembrolizumab are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma which no longer responds to other drugs.
• Vaccination strategies include anti-microbial immunotherapy, which includes vaccination, involves activating the immune system to respond to an infectious agent.
• T-cell therapy uses T cell-based cytotoxic responses to attack cancer cells.
• T cells that have a natural or genetically engineered reactivity to a patient's cancer are generated in vitro and then transferred back into the cancer patient.
• One study using autologous tumor- infiltrating lymphocytes was an effective treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma. This can be achieved by taking T cells that are found with the tumor of the patient, which are trained to attack the cancerous cells. These T cells are referred to as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are then encouraged to multiply in vitro using high concentrations of IL-2, anti-CD3 and allo-reactive feeder cells. These T cells are then transferred back into the patient along with exogenous administration of IL-2 to further boost their anti-cancer activity.
• TIL tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
• the present teachings also provide methods of treating a subject with a cancer comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) in combination with an effective anti-cancer therapy.
• the cancer is a metastatic cancer.
• a "metastatic cancer” is a cancer that has spread from its primary site to other parts of the body.
• the anti-cancer therapy described herein includes co-administration of an effective amount of a second anti-cancer agent together with a disclosed HPK-1 inhibitor.
• An "anticancer agent” is a compound, which when administered in an effective amount to a subject with cancer, can achieve, partially or substantially, one or more of the following: arresting the growth, reducing the extent of a cancer (e.g., reducing size of a tumor), inhibiting the growth rate of a cancer, and ameliorating or improving a clinical symptom or indicator associated with a cancer (such as tissue or serum components) or increasing longevity of the subject.
• the anti-cancer agents suitable for use in the methods described herein include any anti-cancer agents that have been approved for the treatment of cancer.
• the anti-cancer agent includes, but is not limited to, a targeted antibody, an angiogenesis inhibitor, an alkylating agent, an antimetabolite, a vinca alkaloid, a taxane, a podophyllotoxin, a topoisomerase inhibitor, a hormonal antineoplastic agent and other antineoplastic agents.
• the anti-cancer agent is a PD-1 inhibitor, for example, an anti-PDl antibody.
• the anti-cancer agents that can be used in methods described herein include, but are not limited to, paclitaxel, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil, trastuzumab, lapatinib, bevacizumab, letrozole, goserelin, tamoxifen, cetuximab, panitumumab, gemcitabine, capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, carboplatin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vinblastine, vincristine, melphalan, cytarabine, etoposide, daunorubicin, bleomycin, mitomycin and adriamycin and a combination thereof.
• the anti-cancer agent and the compound represented by Structural Formula (I) are administered contemporaneously.
• the anti-cancer agent and the compound can be administered in the same formulation or in different formulations.
• the compound and the additional anti-cancer agent are administered separately at different times.
• treating a subject with a cancer includes achieving, partially or substantially, one or more of the following: arresting the growth, reducing the extent of the cancer (e.g., reducing size of a tumor), inhibiting the growth rate of the cancer, ameliorating or improving a clinical symptom or indicator associated with the cancer (such as tissue or serum components) or increasing longevity of the subject; and reducing the likelihood of recurrence of the cancer.
• an "effective amount” means an amount when administered to the subject which results in beneficial or desired results, including clinical results, e.g., inhibits, suppresses or reduces the cancer (e.g., as determined by clinical symptoms or the amount of cancer cells) in a subject as compared to a control.
• an effective amount of a compound taught herein varies depending upon various factors, such as the given drug or compound, the pharmaceutical formulation, the route of administration, the type of disease or disorder, the identity of the subject or host being treated, and the like, but can nevertheless be routinely determined by one skilled in the art.
• An effective amount of a compound of the present teachings may be readily determined by one of ordinary skill by routine methods known in the art.
• an effective amount of a compound taught herein ranges from about 0.1 to about 1000 mg/kg body weight, alternatively about 1 to about 500 mg/kg body weight. In another embodiment, an effective amount of a compound taught herein ranges from about 0.5 to about 5000 mg/m 2 , alternatively about from 5 to about 2500 mg/m 2 , and in another alternative from about 50 to about 1000 mg/m 2 .
• the skilled artisan will appreciate that certain factors may influence the dosage required to effectively treat a subject suffering from cancer or reduce the likelihood of recurrence of a cancer. These factors include, but are not limited to, the severity of the disease or disorder, previous treatments, the general health and/or age of the subject and other diseases present.
• a "subject” is a mammal, preferably a human, but can also be an animal in need of veterinary treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g. , dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, sheep, pigs, horses, and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g. , rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like).
• companion animals e.g., dogs, cats, and the like
• farm animals e.g., cows, sheep, pigs, horses, and the like
• laboratory animals e.g. , rats, mice, guinea pigs, and the like.
• the compounds taught herein can be administered to a patient in a variety of forms depending on the selected route of administration, as will be understood by those skilled in the art.
• the compounds of the present teachings may be administered, for example, by oral, parenteral, buccal, sublingual, nasal, rectal, patch, pump or transdermal administration and the pharmaceutical compositions formulated accordingly.
• Parenteral administration includes intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, transepithelial, nasal, intrapulmonary, intrathecal, rectal and topical modes of administration. Parenteral administration can be by continuous infusion over a selected period of time.
• the compounds taught herein can be suitably formulated into pharmaceutical compositions for administration to a subject.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the present teachings optionally include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or diluents therefor, such as lactose, starch, cellulose and dextrose.
• Other excipients such as flavoring agents; sweeteners; and preservatives, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl parabens, can also be included. More complete listings of suitable excipients can be found in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (5 th Ed., Pharmaceutical Press (2005)). A person skilled in the art would know how to prepare formulations suitable for various types of administration routes.
• a compound of the present teachings may be incorporated with excipient and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like.
• solutions of a compound of the present teachings can generally be prepared in water suitably mixed with a surfactant such as hydroxypropylcellulose.
• Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, DMSO and mixtures thereof with or without alcohol, and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations contain a preservative to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
• sterile aqueous solutions or dispersion of, and sterile powders of, a compound described herein for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions are appropriate.
• Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active substance in a physiologically acceptable aqueous or non-aqueous solvent and are usually presented in single or multi-dose quantities in sterile form in a sealed container, which can take the form of a cartridge or refill for use with an atomizing device.
• the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single dose nasal inhaler or an aerosol dispenser fitted with a metering valve which is intended for disposal after use.
• the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant which can be a compressed gas such as compressed air or an organic propellant such as fluorochlorohydrocarbon.
• the aerosol dosage forms can also take the form of a pump-atomizer.
• the compounds of the present teachings can be formulated with a carrier such as sugar, acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerine, as tablets, lozenges or pastilles.
• a carrier such as sugar, acacia, tragacanth, or gelatin and glycerine, as tablets, lozenges or pastilles.
• the compounds described herein can be formulated in the form of suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
• the compounds of invention may be prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art, as illustrated by the general schemes and procedures below and by the preparative examples that follow. All starting materials are either commercially available or prepared by methods known to those skilled in the art and the procedures described below.
• PoraPak ® Rxn CX refers to a commercial cation-exchange resin available from Waters.
• Microwave reactions were performed with a Biotage Initiator microwave reactor. Reaction progress was generally monitored by LCMS (Bruker Exquire 4000 or Waters Acquity UPLC system). Flash column chromatographic purification of intermediates or final products was performed using a Biotage Isolera with KP-SIL or HP-SIL silica cartridges, or KP-NH basic modified silica and corresponding samplets. Reverse-phase HPLC purification was performed on a Varian PrepStar model SD-1 HPLC system with a Varian Monochrom 10 ⁇ C-18 reverse-phase column using a gradient of 10% MeOH/0.05% TFA-H 2 0 to 90% MeOH/0.05% TFA in H2O over a 40-min period at a flow rate of 40 mL/min.
• Reverse phase purification was also performed using a Biotage Isolera equipped with a KP-C18-H column using a between 10-95% MeOH or CH3CN/ 0.1% TFA in H 2 0.
• Proton NMRs were recorded on a Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer, and mass spectra were obtained using a Bruker Esquire 4000 spectrometer or Waters Acquity UPLC system.
• the uncyclized addition adduct was separated by column chromatography, dissolved in THF and treated with KHMDS, LiHMDS, or LDA (3-5 equiv). The reaction was stirred at 45 °C for 1-4 h. The reaction was then cooled to rt and quenched with satd aq NH4CI. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc or DCM, and the combined organic extracts were dried over MgS04, filtered and concentrated. Crude product was purified by column chromatography or prep- HPLC to give the desired product.
• 1,4-diazepane (6.85 g, 60 mmol) and K2CO3 (8.28 g, 60 mmol) was heat at 90 °C for 20 h. After diluting with H 2 0 (500 mL) , it was extracted with EtOAc (60 mL x 3), concentrated and dried to give crude 5-(4-methyl-l,4- diazepan-l-yl)-2-nitroaniline as a dark red oil (12.50 g). NMR indicated a mixture of product and 5-chloro-2-nitroaniline (2: 1).
• Step 1 Reagents (general method C): a mixture of 4-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(5 and/or 6-(4- methylpiperazin-l-yl)-l-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-5-oxo-4,5- dihydro-thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (crude, 0.3 mmol), pyridin-4- ylmethanamine (0.09 mL, 0.89 mmol). MS ESI [M+H] + 724.2, calcd for
• Step 2 Reagents (general method D): 4-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-(5 and/or 6-(4-methylpiperazin- l-yl)-l-((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-7-((pyridin-4- ylmethyl)amino)thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-5(4H)-one, TFA (4 mL), cone. HC1 (1 mL).
• Step 2 The product of the previous reaction was filtered through PoraPak (2 g, using MeOH then 2 M NH 3 in MeOH) and dried.
• the reaction was then cooled to rt, quenched with aq NH4CI, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by prep HPLC. Filtration through PoraPak (2 g) and trituration with CH2CI2 afforded the title compound as a light yellow solid 3.6 mg (3 %).
• Reagents (method A3): Step 1 : ethyl 2-(5-methyl-6-(4-methylpiperazin-l -yl)-lH- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)acetate (0. 17 g, 0.53 mmol), 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile (72 mg, 0.53 mmol), LDA (1.0 M in THF/hexanes, 1.7 mL, 1.7 mmol) in anh THF (12 mL).
• Step 2 LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 1.7 mL, 1.7 mmol) in anh THF (20 mL).
• Reagents (method A3): Step ] : ethyl 2-(6-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-lH- 3enzo[d]imidazol-2- yl)acetate (0.22 g, 0.70 mmol ) and 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile (8' % mg, 0.70 mmol), LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 3.5 n lL, 3.5 mmol) in anh. THF (24 mL). Step 2: LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol) in a nh THF (20 mL).
• tert-butyl 4-(2-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)piperazine-l-carboxylate To a solution of tert-butyl 4-(3,4-diaminophenyl)piperazine-l-carboxylate (100 mg, 0.34 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) was added ethyl 3-ethoxy-3-iminopropionate hydrochloride (190 mg, 0.68 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 60 °C for 3 h. After removal of solvents, it was diluted with DCM (10 mL), adjust pH ⁇ 8 with satd NaHC03 and separated.
• A65 4-amino-5-(6-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-l-yl)-lH-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3- b]pyridin-6(7H)-one
• a mixture of 4-amino-5-(6-(piperazin-l-yl)-lH- benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-6(7H)-one 45 mg, 0.123 mmol
• oxetan-3-one 8.8 mg, 0.123
• Step 2 Reagents (general method D): a mixture of 5-(6-((2S,6R)-2,6-dimethylmorpholino)-l-
• MAP4K1 Active HPK1
• GST-HPK1 (0.6 nM) was incubated in the presence of 12 ⁇ ATP (Sigma cat# A7699), 5 mM MOPS (pH 7.2), 2.5 mM ⁇ -glycerol-phosphate, 5 mM MgCb, 0.4 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 0.05 mM DTT, in a 96 well microtitre plate pre- coated with 0.5 ⁇ g/well bovine myelin basic protein (MBP) (Millipore, cat #13-110).
• MBP bovine myelin basic protein
• the reaction was allowed to proceed for 30 min, followed by 5 washes of the plate with Wash Buffer (phosphate buffered saline supplemented with 0.2% Tween 20), and incubation for 30 min with a 1 :3000 dilution of anti-phospho-threonine rabbit polyclonal antibody (Cell Signaling cat# 9381).
• the plate was washed 5 times with wash buffer, incubated for 30 min in the presence of goat anti-rabbit horse radish peroxidase conjugate (BioRad cat# 1721019, 1:3000 concentration), washed an additional 5 times with wash buffer, and incubated in the presence of TMB substrate (Sigma cat# T0440).
• the colorimetric reaction was allowed to continue for 5 min, followed by addition of stop solution (0.5 N H2SO4), and quantified by detection at 450 nm with a monochromatic plate reader (Molecular Devices M5).
• XLfit4, IDBS non-linear 4 point logistic curve fit
• FLT3 and LCK compound inhibition were determined using FRET based Z'-LYTE Kinase Assay Kit with Tyrosine 2 peptide as the substrate (Invitrogen cat # PV3191).
• the FLT3 kinase assay was performed according to the manufacturer's suggested specifications with an ATP concentration of 940 ⁇ and 1 nM FLT3 (Invitrogen cat # PV3182) and 180 ⁇ ATP and 25 nM LCK (Invitrogen cat # P3043) for the LCK kinase reaction.
• the % inhibition values were determined according to the manufacturer's directions and IC50 values were obtained using a non-linear 4 point logistic curve fit (XLfit4, IDBS).
• IC50 value ranges for exemplary compounds are given.
• the IC50 ranges are indicated as "A,” “B,” and “C,” for values less than or equal to 0.05 ⁇ ; those greater than 0.05 ⁇ and less than or equal to 0.5 ⁇ ; and those greater than 0.5 ⁇ , respectively.
• Jurkat E6.1 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA), and maintained according to the supplier's instructions. Cells were washed three times and starved in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 0.5% fetal calf serum for 18 h at 37 °C. Serum starved cells were pretreated with the indicated concentration of inhibitor for 4 hours before stimulation with 10 ⁇ g/ml a-CD3 antibody (BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA) for 10 min at 37 °C.
• ATCC American Type Culture Collection
• VA Manassas, VA
• Serum starved cells were pretreated with the indicated concentration of inhibitor for 4 hours before stimulation with 10 ⁇ g/ml a-CD3 antibody (BioLegend, Inc., San Diego, CA) for 10 min at 37 °C.
• the cells were washed once in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) containing 10 mm sodium pyrophosphate, 10 mm sodium fluoride, 10 mm EDTA, and 1 mm sodium orthovanadate. Protein lysates were prepared using ice-cold radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer. A total of 100 ⁇ g of cell lysate was loaded onto Bis-Tris gels (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) with full-range molecular weight marker as a size reference, and resolved by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis.
• RIPA radioimmunoprecipitation assay
• Proteins were transferred to PVDF membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA), blocked and probed with antibodies for phospho-SLP-76 (Ser376) (rabbit polyclonal #13177; Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA), SLP-76 (rabbit polyclonal #4958; Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA), phospho-ERK (mouse monoclonal sc-7383; Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA) and ERK1/2 (rabbit polyclonal 06-182; Millipore, Billerica, MA). Secondary antibodies were diluted 1 in 15,000 and incubated for lh at rt. Protein bands were visualized and quantified using Odyssey near infrared imager (LI-COR, Lincoln, NE).
• LI-COR Odyssey near infrared imager
• Table 2 below lists effects of representative compounds of the present invention against SLP- 76 serine 376 phosphorylation and ERK1/2 T202/Y204 phosphorylation in a-CD3 stimulated Jurkat E6.1 cells.
• Example E Syngeneic CT26 cell line xenograft model.
• the CT26 WT cell line which is an N-nitroso-N-methylurethane-(N MU) induced, mouse- derived, undifferentiated colon carcinoma cell line, was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC CRL-2638, Manassas, VA, DC, USA). Cells were grown in Roswell Park memorial Institute medium commonly referred to as RPMI 1640 Medium containing 4.5 g/L glucose, 0.11 g/L sodium pyruvate, 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, L- glutamine& 2.385 g/L HEPES plus 10% fetal bovine serum.
• mice Six to eight week old female BALB/c mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories and received and acclimated at the MaRS-TMDT Animal Resources Centre for 1 week prior to the start of the experiment. The mice were fed ad libitum autoclaved water and Rodent Lab Diet (Harlan Teklad LM-485) consisting of 19% crude protein, 5% crude fat, and 5% crude fiber. Mice were housed in microisolator cages and maintained in an environment with a 12 h light cycle at 20-22°C and 40-60% humidity.
• CT26 cells were harvested and re-suspended with serum free RPMI1640 to a concentration of lxl0 7 /mL and each mouse was injected subcutaneously with a volume of 0.1 mL containing lxlO 6 CT26 cells in the right rear flank.
• animals were separated into five groups of eight animals per group such that each group contained animals bearing tumors of similar average size and treatment was initiated.
• Example Al was dissolved in water to a concentration of 7.5 mg/mL or 15 mg/mL for dosing of the 75 mg/kg and the 150 mg/kg doses, respectively.
• a rat IgG2b anti-PDl antibody BioXcell (NH, USA) was dosed used.
• the five groups were treated with: i) 10 mL/kg water QD for 21 d administered by oral gavage (PO) plus 150 ⁇ g rat IgG2b isotype control antibody dosed by intraperitoneal (IP) injection on day 0, 3, 6 and 10 (the control arm); ii) 150 ⁇ g anti-PD-1 antibody dosed by intraperitoneal (IP) injection on day 0, 3, 6 and 10; iii) 75 mg/kg Example Al QD for 21 days administered PO; iv) 150 mg/kg Example Al QD for 21 days administered PO v) 150 mg/kg Example Al QD for 21 days administered PO plus 150 ⁇ g anti-PD-1 antibody dosed by intraperitoneal (IP) injection on day 0, 3, 6 and 10. Toxicity was evaluated by body weight measurements and clinical observations. Tumour measurements and body weights were taken three times per week. Percent tumor growth inhibition (TGI) was calculated by the formula:
• %TGI 1 OO X [1 - (TVf, treated - TVi,treated)/(TVf,control - TVi, control)]
• Tumour growth inhibition at day 21 is shown in figure 2.
• a dose-dependent effect was observed in response to treatment with Example Al, with 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg QD inhibiting tumour growth by 44% and 64%, respectively.
• Whilst the anti-PD-1 antibody alone resulted in an average TGI of 34%, when combined with 150 mg/kg QD Example Al, the TGI increased to 86%.
• mice in efficacy experiments should be sacrificed when the tumour size is above 1500 mm 3 or if the bodyweight of the animal decreases or if the animals are displaying clinical signs that require termination for humane reasons.
• the compound was well tolerated with all animals gaining weight over the course of the study and no animals were terminated due to clinical signs.
• a tumour size of ⁇ 1500 mm 3 at day 21 was used as a cutoff to represent survival.
• Example F EAE disease progression model
• mice C57/BL6 mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University Health Network approved all animal procedures. Mice were subcutaneously (SC) immunized with MOG35-55 peptide emulsified in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) supplemented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. On days 0 and 2 after immunization, the mice were intraperitoneal (IP) injected with pertussis toxin. Clinical signs of EAE were monitored daily, according to the following criteria: 0, no disease; 1, decreased tail tone; 2, hind limb weakness or partial paralysis; 3, complete hind limb paralysis; 4, front and hind limb paralysis; 5, death, or sacrifice due to moribund state.
• CFA Complete Freund's Adjuvant

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