WO2016189799A1 - ヒトil-15分泌免疫不全マウス - Google Patents
ヒトil-15分泌免疫不全マウス Download PDFInfo
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
- C12N2015/8527—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic for producing animal models, e.g. for tests or diseases
Definitions
- the present invention is capable of secreting human IL-15, and h (human: human) CD56 + cells are detected in vivo for a long time after transplantation of human NK cells derived from human peripheral blood.
- the present invention relates to an immunodeficient mouse in which a DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in is inserted into genomic DNA.
- Humanized immunodeficient mice that can analyze human cells and human tissues in vivo can be used not only as research tools for drug discovery, but also as a basis for in vivo human cell differentiation and functional analysis by transplanting human cells. As a useful tool for conducting research, it is considered to be an experimental animal that can be expected to contribute to medical care, and for many years, attempts have been made to create more useful humanized immunodeficient mice.
- NOD mice As a female individual who was strongly positive for polyuria and urinary glucose was discovered in a cataract mouse, and its symptoms resemble those of human type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes).
- NOD mice named Diabetes were established by Makino (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2).
- Makino see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2.
- NOD / scid mice capable of engrafting human cells exceeding that of the SCID mouse was created.
- NOD / scid mice there was a decrease in complement activity, macrophage function, natural killer (NK) cell activity, etc. derived from the NOD strain, and even when transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells, it was not rejected. Problems such as not being high and short life of the mouse were pointed out.
- NOG mice A mouse obtained by knocking out the interleukin 2 receptor ⁇ chain gene is backcrossed to a mouse obtained by backcrossing a B-17-scid mouse, thereby deleting both functional T cells and B cells, NOD / SCID / ⁇ c null mice (also simply referred to as “NOG mice”), which have reduced macrophage function, lost NK cells or NK activity, and reduced dendritic cell function, and have excellent heterologous cell engraftment (See, for example, Patent Document 1). NOG mice have much higher engraftment of human cells and tissues than conventional mice, and transplanted human stem cells can differentiate into mature cells, and more diverse humanized mouse models It is said that it is useful for preparation of (refer nonpatent literature 3).
- NK cells are a kind of cytotoxic lymphocytes that act as a major factor of innate immunity, can damage tumor cells and virus-infected cells without antigen sensitization, and express surface antigens including CD56. It has the characteristic of being.
- differentiation efficiency into human NK cells is low when umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells are transplanted, and human NK cells are also transplanted when peripheral blood-derived human mature NK cells are transplanted. It was supposed to be maintained for a short time.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a mouse capable of examining the function of human NK cells.
- the present inventors insert a gene region containing DNA encoding the signal peptide of human interleukin 2 (hIL-2) and hIL-2 protein into the genomic DNA of NOD-IL2r ⁇ null mouse and cross it with NOG mouse NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-2 Tg mice were prepared by transplanting human cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells, so that mature human NK cells positive for hCD56 were obtained in vivo. Although differentiated and proliferated (Katano et al., J. Immunol. February 23, 2015 1401323), when human peripheral blood was transplanted, human NK-like cells that were positive for hCD56 rarely proliferated. Have confirmed.
- hIL-2 human interleukin 2
- the hIL-2 signal peptide-hIL-15 fusion is carried out by transfecting a COS cell with DNA containing a sequence encoding the hIL-2 signal peptide upstream of the DNA sequence encoding the hIL-15 protein.
- the sequence encoding the signal peptide of hIL-15 was compared with the case where hIL-15 protein was produced using DNA containing a sequence placed upstream of the DNA sequence encoding hIL-15.
- the present inventors have a gene region comprising DNA in which a cDNA sequence encoding interleukin 15 (IL-15) is operably linked to a cDNA sequence encoding a signal peptide of human interleukin 2 (IL-2).
- IL-15 interleukin 15
- IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mouse is prepared by inserting a DNA having a nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 into the cDNA of a known immunodeficient mouse, and cord blood-derived human hematopoietic stem cells Was transplanted, it was confirmed that human CD56 + NK cells were differentiated and proliferated, similar to the above results for NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-2 Tg mice.
- the present inventors continued further investigation and transplanted human peripheral blood-derived hCD56 + NK cells into NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mice.
- cells positive for hCD56 were found. The number increased gradually and showed a peak value at a very high concentration of 8000 cells / ⁇ L in the blood of the mouse at 5 weeks after transplantation. Thereafter, although the number of cells positive for hCD56 decreased gradually, at least 6 months after transplantation, a sufficient concentration of hCD56 + cells to study human mature NK cells in vivo was present in the blood of the mice of the present invention. It was confirmed that it was detected.
- the present invention is as follows.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 which is capable of secreting human IL-15 and that hCD56 + cells are detected in vivo for a long time after transplantation of human NK cells derived from human peripheral blood
- An immunodeficient mouse in which a DNA comprising a base sequence is inserted into genomic DNA.
- hCD56 + [1] wherein the immunodeficient mouse, wherein the cell further HCD16 is hCD56 + hCD16 + cells show positive.
- hCD56 + cells are used as cell surface molecules as hNKG2A, hNKG2C, hNKG2D, hCD94, hNKp30, hNKp46, hNKp44, hNKp80, hCD57, hCD158a / h (KIR), hCD158b (KIR), hCD158d (KIR), IR8
- KIR hCD158a / h
- KIR hCD158b
- hCD158d KIR8
- the immunodeficient mouse according to any one of the above [1] to [3], which is a cell positive for KIR) or hCD158f (KIR).
- the vector prepared in the above step (1) and / or the vector fragment prepared in (1-1) above is injected into a fertilized egg of an interleukin 2 receptor ⁇ chain gene (IL-2R ⁇ ) knockout mouse Producing an injected fertilized egg by: (3) A step of producing a newborn mouse by culturing the injected fertilized egg produced in the step (2); (4) A step of determining whether or not a DNA containing the nucle
- human peripheral blood-derived NK cells transplanted into the mouse of the present invention can be maintained for a very long time in the mouse, and the function of human NK cells can be analyzed in vivo over a long period of time. .
- (A) shows the structure of a pCMV ⁇ vector
- (b) shows the structure of a vector for preparing a fertilized egg injection DNA.
- the structure of the DNA fragment for fertilized egg injection is shown.
- the hIL-15 concentration in the plasma of NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice is shown.
- (a) shows the shows hCD45 + cells mononuclear cells (MNC) in, hCD19 + cells, hCD56 + cells of cells (/ [mu] L), respectively,
- (b) occupy the mononuclear cells hCD45
- the cell number (%) of + cells, hCD19 + cells, and hCD56 + cells are shown.
- the flow cytometry analysis result about the immune cell obtained from the bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood of each stem cell transplant mouse is shown. It is the result of having analyzed the expression of a human NK cell specific receptor by the flow cytometry analysis of the human NK cell in a stem cell transplant mouse.
- the flow cytometry analysis result about the cytotoxic granule secretion ability of a human hematopoietic stem cell origin NK cell is shown, (a) shows the result about GranzymeA and Perforin expression, (b) shows the result about hIFN ⁇ expression.
- the flow cytometry analysis result of peripheral blood of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice is shown.
- mice For peripheral blood transplanted mice, (a) shows the number of hCD56 + cells (%) in mononuclear cells (MNC) and (b) shows the number of CD3 + T cells in mononuclear cells (MNC) ( %).
- C) shows HCD56 + cell counts in peripheral blood transplantation hIL-15 mice in blood (/ [mu] L), and (d) are, HCD56 + cell count in peripheral blood transplantation non-Tg mice blood (/ [mu] L) Show. 2 is a graph showing the transition of two types of human mature NK cell subspecies in the peripheral blood of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice. The flow cytometry analysis result about the peripheral blood of frozen peripheral blood hIL-15 mouse
- mouth is shown.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the transition of two types of human mature NK cell subspecies in the peripheral blood of frozen peripheral blood hIL-15 mice.
- mouth is shown.
- mouth is shown.
- the flow cytometry analysis result about the cytotoxic granule secretion ability of a human peripheral blood origin NK cell is shown, (a) shows the result about GranzymeA and Perforin expression, (b) shows the result about hIFN ⁇ expression.
- 2 is a graph showing in vivo cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice against subcutaneously transplanted human tumors.
- the immunodeficient mouse of the present invention is capable of secreting human IL-15, and is capable of maintaining transplanted human NK cells for a long period of time in vivo.
- DNA comprising the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1
- the human IL-15 is a kind of human cytokine protein produced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and is represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 above.
- the nucleotide sequence is a cDNA encoding human interleukin 2 (hIL-2) signal peptide (hereinafter also referred to as “hIL-2SP cDNA”) and a cDNA encoding interleukin 15 protein (hIL-15) (hereinafter “hIL- HIL-2SP cDNA / hIL-1 operatively linked to each other. It is a nucleotide sequence of the cDNA coupling body.
- hIL-2SP cDNA human interleukin 2
- hIL-15 interleukin 15 protein
- the base shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is used for genomic DNA extracted from mouse tissue. Examples thereof include a method for confirming by PCR using an appropriate primer set for detecting DNA comprising a sequence, and a method for confirming by Southern blot analysis.
- an immunological assay using an antibody that specifically recognizes hIL-15 is used as a method for determining whether the immunodeficient mouse of the present invention secretes human IL-15.
- a method for determining whether human IL-15 is detected in lymph fluid, blood fluids such as serum and plasma, organ extracts and the like can be exemplified.
- the immunological measurement method include an immunohistochemical staining method, an ELISA method, an EIA method, an RIA method, a method of confirming by Western blot analysis, and the like.
- an anticoagulant is added to collected mouse peripheral blood, and whether or not human IL-15 is detected in the plasma fraction is determined using a commercially available ELISA kit equipped with anti-hIL-15 antibody A method can be illustrated.
- Human NK cells derived from human peripheral blood in the present invention include human NK cells contained in human peripheral blood, human NK cells isolated from human peripheral blood, and artificial culture using human peripheral blood.
- irradiation to destroy the intramedullary environment such as X-rays is performed in order to improve the engraftment ability of the transplanted heterologous cells.
- a method of transplanting hCD56 + NK cells derived from human peripheral blood can be mentioned, and the intensity of emitted radiation is preferably 1.5 to 3.5 Gy.
- the time for transplantation is preferably within 24 hours after irradiation.
- the NK cell transplant number to be transplanted preferably 6 0.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 10, preferably 0.5 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 10 6, more preferably be mentioned 10 6 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ it can.
- a method for confirming whether or not hCD56 + cells are detected in vivo in the immunodeficient mouse of the present invention known methods can be used. For example, cells in the blood of the immunodeficient mouse of the present invention can be used. Another example is a method for confirming whether or not hCD56 is a positive hCD56 + cell in cells isolated from the blood of the immunodeficient mouse of the present invention by analysis by flow cytometry.
- hCD56 + cells are present in mononuclear cells at 1% or more, preferably 3% or more, more preferably 5% or more, and even more preferably 10% or more. And hCD56 + cells are present in the blood at least 40 cells / ⁇ L.
- human CD56 + CD16 + cells and human CD56 + CD16 ⁇ cells are blood and spleen, respectively.
- human CD56 + CD16 + cells and human CD56 + CD16 ⁇ cells are not detected in the bone marrow.
- spleen, liver, lung, blood, etc. The detection of hCD56 + cells in the organs / tissues of mice may be expressed as the engraftment of hCD56 + cells.
- KIR Kitat Immunoglobulin-like Receptor
- hCD158b KIR
- hCD158K hIR158K
- some of the antigens such as hCD158f (KIR) are positive (expressing) cells, and hNKG2A, hNKG2C, hNKG2D, hCD94, hNKp30, hNKp46, hNKp44, hNKp80, h CD57, hCD158a / h (KIR), hCD158b (KIR)
- hNKp46 which is known as a member of the family, is a positive cell, or that Granzyme A is a positive cell.
- hCD56 + NK cells isolated from the spleen are used as a method for confirming whether the immunodeficient mouse of the present invention can suppress the growth of a human tumor in vitro after transplantation of human NK cells derived from human peripheral blood.
- hCD56 + NK cells isolated from the spleen are used. Is cultured in the presence of cytokines and then co-cultured with target human tumor cells, and the culture supernatant is evaluated by the coloration degree by the common enzyme reaction between dead cell-derived cytoplasmic enzyme LDH and the reaction substrate A method for measuring (cytotoxicity (%)) can be exemplified.
- the cytokine include human IL-2, human IL-15, a mixed composition of human IL-2 and human IL-15, and human IL-15 is preferable.
- human NK cells derived from human peripheral blood are used. After transplantation, when a NK-sensitive human tumor cell line is further transplanted and the tumor diameter is measured over time, a method for determining whether or not the tumor size is reduced can be mentioned.
- the long period during which the hCD56 + cells are detected in vivo can include 8 weeks or more, preferably 12 weeks or more, more preferably 16 weeks or more, still more preferably 20 weeks or more, and particularly preferably 24 weeks or more. preferable.
- NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mouse can be preferably exemplified, and the method for producing the immunodeficient mouse of the present invention is not particularly limited, For example, a method for producing the NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mouse including the following steps (1) to (7) can be exemplified.
- the vector prepared in the above step (1) and / or the vector fragment prepared in (1-1) above is injected into a fertilized egg of an interleukin 2 receptor ⁇ chain gene (IL-2R ⁇ ) knockout mouse Producing an injected fertilized egg by: (3) A step of producing a newborn mouse by culturing the injected fertilized egg produced in the step (2); (4) A step of determining whether or not a DNA containing the nucle
- step (1) the insertion region necessary for inserting DNA consisting of the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 into mouse genomic DNA is operable in mouse cells such as cytomegalovirus promoter (pCMV-IE).
- pCMV-IE cytomegalovirus promoter
- a region containing a promoter, SV40SS / SA, and SV40 PolyA can be exemplified, and an expression vector containing such an insertion region can be exemplified by pCMV ⁇ .
- Examples of a method for preparing a mouse fertilized egg-injected DNA preparation vector containing DNA having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 include a method using a known gene recombination technique. Specifically, pCMV An example is a method in which -LacZ is excised with the restriction enzyme NotI and the DNA encoding ⁇ -galactosidase is replaced with DNA consisting of the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- Examples of the method for preparing a DNA fragment for injecting a fertilized egg in the step (1-1) include a method using a known gene recombination technique. Specifically, the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is used. A method for purifying a vector fragment having a DNA comprising a nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a DNA containing an insertion region by cutting out a vector for preparing a mouse fertilized egg injection DNA having a DNA containing the DNA with the restriction enzyme PvuII Can do.
- the method for producing an injected fertilized egg in step (2) is not particularly limited as long as it can inject the mouse fertilized egg injected DNA preparation vector or the fertilized egg injected DNA fragment into a fertilized egg of a mouse.
- Examples thereof include a microinjection method, an electroporation method, and a virus vector method.
- Preferred examples of the interleukin 2 receptor ⁇ chain gene (IL-2R ⁇ ) knockout mouse include NOD-IL-2r ⁇ null mice.
- the method of culturing the injected fertilized egg in the step (3) is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of obtaining a newborn mouse, and the injected fertilized egg was cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 to 24 hours outside the body. Thereafter, a method can be exemplified in which a newborn mouse is obtained by transplanting and implantation into the uterus of a temporary parent and performing a cesarean section just before giving birth. Such a newborn mouse is preferably a newborn mouse by performing a foster child operation.
- the method for determining whether or not the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is inserted into the genomic DNA in the above-mentioned newborn mouse or offspring mouse is that each mouse is 3-4 weeks of age or older. And a method of confirming whether or not the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 has been inserted into the genomic DNA extracted from the mouse tissue.
- step (5) a mouse determined to have inserted DNA containing the nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1 in step (4) into the genomic DNA of NOD-IL-2r ⁇ null mouse secretes hIL-15. Examples of the method for determining whether or not there is the above-mentioned immunological assay using an antibody that specifically recognizes hIL-15.
- a method for producing a NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null- hIL-15 Tg mouse includes introducing a scid mutation into a mouse selected as the NOD-IL-2r ⁇ null mouse-hIL-15Tg mouse.
- the method is not particularly limited as long as it can be performed, and specifically includes a method of mating NOD-IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15Tg mice with NOG (NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null ) mice. Can do.
- step (7) NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mouse and NOG mouse are crossed by crossing NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mouse with NOG mouse. 1: 1 can be obtained.
- Example 1 [Production of NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg Mice Producing IL-15] (Overview) The NOD-IL-2r ⁇ null mouse, NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null mouse and the NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null mouse were used in accordance with the guidance approved by the Animal Experiment Committee of the Institute for Experimental Animal Research (hereinafter referred to as “JICA”). (Hereinafter also referred to as “NOG mouse”) was used to produce NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mice, which are transgenic mice secreting human IL-15. These mice are specially managed in the SPF breeding room at Jissin laboratory, and can be distributed under certain conditions.
- JICA Animal Experiment Committee of the Institute for Experimental Animal Research
- the pCMV-LacZ is excised with the restriction enzyme NotI, and the gene coding for ⁇ -galactosidase is referred to Genbank (accession number: hIL-2 (NM_000586) and hIL-15 (NM_000585 or BC100962). And replaced with the DNA containing the base sequence of the hIL-2SP cDNA / hIL-15 cDNA conjugate determined.
- pCMV ⁇ was treated with the restriction enzyme NotI, the ⁇ -galactosidase gene sequence portion was removed, and the hIL-2SP cDNA / hIL-15 cDNA conjugate cut out with NotI was inserted therein.
- the hIL-2SP cDNA / hIL-15 cDNA conjugate was prepared separately.
- Primer A ATAGCGCCGCTCACAGTAACCTCCAACTCCTGCAA (SEQ ID NO: 2) and PrimerB: ATCACTTAGTTGCACTGTTTGATCGATGTA 4) and Primer D: CAACTAGTTCACTTGTCACCGTCGTCCCTTGTAGTCAAGAGTGTTGATGA (SEQ ID NO: 5) were used to amplify the human hIL-15MP part, and each amplified fragment was inserted into a PCR2.1 vector (registered trademark) (manufactured by Invitrogen).
- PCR2.1 vector registered trademark
- the human hIL-2SP part was excised with Not1 and inserted into pCMV ⁇ from which the ⁇ -galactosidase gene sequence part was removed. Thereafter, a region containing the human IL-15 cDNA portion was further excised with SpeI and inserted into the vector.
- the structure of the constructed vector for preparing a fertilized egg injection DNA is shown in FIG.
- the above DNA for DNA preparation for fertilized egg injection is excised with the restriction enzyme PvuII, and a vector fragment containing the region necessary for injection into the fertilized egg is purified to prepare a DNA fragment for fertilized egg injection (see FIG. 2) consisting of 1840 bp. did.
- the sequence of the DNA fragment for fertilized egg injection is shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
- Genome analysis Regarding the genomic DNA extracted by the automatic DNA extraction device (manufactured by TOYOBO) from the tissue piece collected from the tip 1-2 mm of the tail of each litter when the litter mouse reaches 3-4 weeks of age, Using the primer set shown below, whether or not the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 was inserted into the genomic DNA of each offspring was confirmed by the PCR method under the following conditions.
- IL2SPS1 5′-ATAGCGGCCGCTCACATAGAACCTAACTCCCTGCCA-3 ′ (forward primer) (SEQ ID NO: 7)
- IL15mpAS3 5′-CAACTAGTTCACTTTGTCATCGTCGTCCTGTGTAGCAGAA-3 ′ (reverse primer) (SEQ ID NO: 8)
- PCR reaction solution A liquid: 2.5 ⁇ L for Ex-taq ⁇ 10 buffer 2 ⁇ L dNTPmix 1.25 ⁇ L IL2SPS1 (5 ⁇ M) 1.25 ⁇ L IL15mpAS3 (5 ⁇ M) 0.125 ⁇ L Ex-taq 6.875 ⁇ L DW B liquid: 8.5 ⁇ L DW 1.5 ⁇ L genomic DNA A liquid and B liquid were mixed and the PCR reaction liquid was prepared.
- PCR amplification conditions Using 24 ⁇ L of the above PCR reaction solution, heat treatment at 94 ° C. for 3 minutes; 35 cycles of 94 ° C. for 30 seconds, 60 ° C. for 30 seconds, 72 ° C. for 1 minute, and then 72 ° C. The amplification treatment was performed under the conditions of 2 minutes heat treatment.
- the PCR product obtained by the above PCR was subjected to electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel, and the presence or absence of an amplification product band around 480 bp was confirmed. It was determined whether the contained DNA was inserted into the genomic DNA.
- NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mouse production of NOD-scid, IL-2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mouse.
- NOG mouse NOD-IL 2r ⁇ null -hIL-15 Tg mice
- NOG-hIL-15 Tg mouse and the NOG mouse were obtained at a ratio of 1: 1 by mating the NOG-hIL-15 Tg mouse with the NOG mouse.
- NOG mice hereinafter sometimes referred to as “non-Tg mice” are used as negative controls in which the gene having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 is not inserted into the genomic DNA.
- NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice were examined.
- Example 2 [Study on NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice] (HIL-15 concentration in plasma) The concentration of hIL-15 in the plasma of NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice was measured. Peripheral blood was collected from an individual mouse 4-6 weeks old under anesthesia using heparin (Novo-heparin, manufactured by Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). The hIL-15 concentration in plasma was measured using the ELISA kit. The results are shown in FIG.
- the plasma hIL-15 concentration in non-Tg mice was 1.3 ⁇ 1.5 pg / mL. Therefore, NOG-hIL-15Tg mice inserted into genomic DNA were significantly more produced than NOG mice, and were produced systemically by the gene having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 inserted into genomic DNA. It was confirmed that hIL-15 was secreted into the blood.
- Example 3 [Study of human cell differentiation ability of human cord blood-derived CD34 + hematopoietic stem cell transplantation NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice] (Flow cytometry measurement procedure) The examination using the flow cytometry after Example 3 was performed in the following procedure. It was judged that hCD56 + cells were human NK cells, and analysis was carried out using antibodies suitable for the respective examination items. Specifically, after staining in the dark at 4 ° C. for 30 minutes, the cells were washed with FACS buffer (PBS containing 1% FBS and 0.1% NaN 3 ), and the cells were re-applied with FACS buffer containing propidium iodide. Suspended and then subjected to flow cytometry measurement.
- FACS buffer PBS containing 1% FBS and 0.1% NaN 3
- Flow cytometry measurement was performed using a BD FACSCanto TM flow cytometer (manufactured by BD), and the data was analyzed by FACSDiva software (ver. 6.1.3) (manufactured by BD). The absolute value of the cell number was calculated according to the instruction manual using Flow-Count (Beckman Coulter).
- Anti-hCD3 antibody anti-human CD3-FITC (manufactured by BioLegend) anti-human CD3-PE (manufactured by BioLegend)
- Anti-hCD16 antibody anti-human CD16-FITC (manufactured by BioLegend)
- Anti-hCD19 antibody anti-CD19 (manufactured by BioLegend)
- Anti-hCD33 antibody anti-human CD33-FITC (BD Biosciences)
- Anti-hCD45 antibody anti-human CD45-allophycocyanin-Cy7 (manufactured by BioLegend)
- Anti-hCD56 antibody anti-human CD56-PE (manufactured by BioLegend)
- Anti-hCD57 antibody anti-CD57 (manufactured by BioLegend)
- Anti-NKG2A antibody anti-human CD159a (NKG2A) -PE (manufactured by Beckman Coulter), Anti-NKG2C
- Example 4 (Preparation of human umbilical cord blood-derived hCD34 + hematopoietic stem cell transplanted NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice) Human umbilical cord blood-derived hCD34 + hematopoietic stem cells were transplanted into the above 8-12 week old adult NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice.
- the 2 ⁇ 10 4 cells hCD34 + hematopoietic stem cells from human umbilical cord blood were transplanted through the tail vein within 24 hours after irradiation, were implanted with human cord blood-derived hCD34 + hematopoietic stem cells
- NOG- hIL-15 Tg mice (hereinafter also referred to as “stem cell transplanted hIL-15 mice”) were prepared.
- NOG mice transplanted with human umbilical cord blood-derived hCD34 + hematopoietic stem cells hereinafter also referred to as “stem cell transplanted non-Tg mice” were prepared and used as negative controls.
- NOG-hIL-2 Tg mice in which interleukin 2 (hIL-2) signal peptide and cDNA have been inserted into genomic DNA, which have been confirmed to selectively differentiate and proliferate in human NK cells, have been introduced.
- Mice transplanted with human umbilical cord blood-derived hCD34 + hematopoietic stem cells (hereinafter also referred to as “stem cell transplanted hIL-2 mice”) were used as positive controls.
- Example 5 (Examination of human cell differentiation ability in peripheral blood of umbilical cord blood-derived hIL-15 mice)
- blood was collected from peripheral blood at 4 weeks after transplantation, hCD56 antigen serving as an index for NK cells, hCD45 antigen serving as an index for leukocytes, and hCD19 antigen serving as an index for B cells.
- the human leukocyte chimera ratio in mouse blood was analyzed by staining with each specific antibody against hCD3 antigen, which is an indicator of T cells, and then measuring by flow cytometry.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows the amount of human immune cells (/ ⁇ L) in mononuclear cells (MNC), and FIG. 4 (b) shows the number of cells (%) in mononuclear cells.
- Example 6 (Examination of human cell differentiation ability in each tissue of stem cell transplanted hIL-15 mice) For the above three test mice transplanted with hCD34 + hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow, spleen, and peripheral blood were collected 6 weeks after transplantation, human CD56 + NK cells were isolated and stained with each specific antibody, followed by flow cytometry. The human cell differentiation ability in each mouse tissue was analyzed. The results are shown in FIG.
- NK cells As is clear from FIG. 5, the localization of human NK cells is expressed in hCD56 in the bone marrow (BM), spleen (SPL), and peripheral blood (PB) of stem cell transplanted hIL-15 mice and stem cell transplanted hIL-2 mice. Although it was confirmed in the red frame indicated by the fractions of + and hCD45 + , the localization of human NK cells was hardly confirmed in the stem-cell transplanted non-Tg mice.
- BM bone marrow
- SPL spleen
- PB peripheral blood
- Human NK cells isolated from the spleens of the stem cell transplanted hIL-15 mice and stem cell transplanted hIL-2 mice are considered to be specific cell surface molecules in the sub-fraction of mature NK cells differentiated in vivo.
- HCD16 antigen hCD57 antigen expressed in a subset of cells with NK activity in human peripheral blood
- hNKG2A antigen expressed as an inhibitory receptor expressed on the surface of NK cells
- active receptor expressed on the surface of NK cells Analysis of human NK cell-specific receptor expression by staining with specific antibodies against hNKG2C antigen, an active receptor expressed on the surface of NK cells, and specific antibodies against hNKG2D antigen expressed on the surface of NK cells did.
- Japan PB-NK cells human NK cells isolated from the peripheral blood of a Japanese donor who received informed consent
- the results are shown in FIG.
- NK cell-specific antigen similar to hCD56 + CD16 ⁇ activated NK cells increased in the blood of patients who received 2-dose therapy, stem cell transplanted hIL-15 mice and stem cell transplanted hIL -2 It was estimated that human hematopoietic stem cell-derived NK cells differentiated in mice had many NK cells activated by hIL-15 or hIL-2 in the mice.
- Example 8 (Verification of cytotoxic granule secretion ability of human hematopoietic cell-derived NK cells) It was verified whether human NK cells isolated from the spleens of the stem cell transplanted hIL-15 Tg mice and stem cell transplanted hIL-2 Tg mice have the ability to secrete cytotoxic granules / produce cytokines.
- Example 9 Preparation of human peripheral blood-derived hCD56 + NK cell transplanted NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice
- Human peripheral blood-derived CD56 + NK cells were transplanted into the above 8-12 week old adult NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice. Irradiated with 2.5 Gy of X-ray, within 1 to 24 hours after irradiation, 1 to 2 ⁇ 10 6 hCD56 + NK cells derived from human peripheral blood were transplanted from the tail vein, and human peripheral blood-derived CD56 + NK cell transplanted NOG ⁇ hIL-15 Tg mice (hereinafter also referred to as “peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice”) were prepared.
- peripheral blood-derived hCD56 + NK cell transplanted NOG-hIL-2 Tg mice (hereinafter also referred to as “peripheral blood transplanted hIL-2 mice”) were prepared.
- NOG mice transplanted with human peripheral blood-derived hCD56 + NK cells (hereinafter also referred to as “peripheral blood transplanted non-Tg mice”) were prepared and used as negative controls.
- Example 10 (Study of peripheral blood cells of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice) Blood was collected at 3 weeks after transplantation and stained with each specific antibody against mCD45 antigen, hCD3 antigen, hCD16 antigen, hCD45 antigen, and hCD56 antigen, and then measured by flow cytometry to determine the human leukocyte chimera rate in each mouse blood. Analyzed. Patterns for hCD45 antigen-positive fraction that serves as an indicator of human leukocytes (mCD45 is a negative fraction that serves as an indicator for mouse leukocytes), and patterns for hCD56 antigen that serves as an indicator of human NK cells and hCD3 antigen that serves as an indicator of T cells Deployed.
- the cells were gated on hCD45 + CD56 + NK cells, further developed in a pattern for hCD56 antigen and hCD16 antigen, and the ratio of hCD56 + hCD16 + NK cells was analyzed. In order to confirm the contamination of human T cells, the proportion of hCD45 + hCD3 + T cells was also confirmed. The results are shown in FIG.
- PBMC represents a mononuclear cell in human peripheral blood derived from a healthy person.
- CD56 + sorted (pre-transfer) represents hCD56 + NK cells isolated from PBMC before transplantation.
- After transfer (3w) represents peripheral blood of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice at 3 weeks after transplantation. In hIL-15 mice transplanted with peripheral blood 3 weeks after transplantation, the CD56 + CD16 + NK cell fraction accounted for the majority (99.7%) in hCD45 + human leukocytes.
- NK cells in human peripheral blood account for 90% or more in hCD56 + hCD16 + fraction in hCD45 + human leukocytes.
- the transplanted hCD56 + NK cells survived and proliferated while maintaining the same properties as hCD56 + hCD16 + NK cells similar to those of mononuclear cells in human peripheral blood derived from healthy individuals even after 3 weeks from the transplantation. I was able to judge that.
- Example 11 Blood was collected over time after transplantation, and the proportion of mononuclear cells occupied by NK cells and T cells was measured.
- blood is collected from peripheral blood at the time after the transplantation, and each specific antibody against hCD56 antigen serving as an index of NK cells, hCD45 antigen serving as an index of leukocytes, and hCD3 antigen serving as an index of T cells
- the human leukocyte chimera ratio in mouse blood was analyzed by measuring with flow cytometry after staining with.
- FIG. 9A shows the number of NK cells (%) in mononuclear cells (MNC)
- FIG. 9B shows the number of T cells (%) in MNC.
- FIG. 9 (c) shows the number of NK cells (/ ⁇ L) in the blood of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice
- FIG. 9 (d) shows the number of NK cells in the blood of peripheral blood transplanted non-Tg mice (/ ⁇ L). ).
- NK cells accounted for about 30 to about 46% of mononuclear cells at 2 weeks after transplantation in peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice, and about 10 at 4 weeks. Accounted for about 20% and about 8 to about 15% after 6 weeks.
- FIG. 9 (b) in the peripheral blood transplanted hIL-2 mice, the increase was only less than 10% at 4 weeks after transplantation. T cells were hardly detected in peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice, whereas peripheral blood transplanted hIL-2 mice accounted for about 18 to about 23% at 3 to 4 weeks after transplantation. In peripheral blood transplanted non-Tg mice, neither NK cells nor T cells were confirmed.
- NK cells do not proliferate in the blood, and very few T cells mixed in the transplanted cells proliferate.
- human peripheral blood hIL-15Tg mice the number of human NK cells in the blood gradually increased and increased to 8000 cells / ⁇ L after 4-5 weeks after transplantation. After that, although it gradually decreased, about 40 cells / ⁇ L was confirmed even after 24 weeks from the transplantation (see FIG. 9C).
- human peripheral blood non-Tg mice the maximum value was confirmed at about 40 cells / uL at 2 weeks after transplantation, and almost no proliferation was observed (see FIG. 9 (d)).
- Example 12 (Examination of transition of human mature NK cell subspecies) Human NK cells are known to have a subpopulation specialized for cytotoxicity occupying the hCD56 + hCD16 + fraction and a subpopulation specialized for the ability to produce cytokines occupying the hCD56 + hCD16 ⁇ fraction. It has been. To confirm in which fraction human mature NK cells transplanted into peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice proliferated, the sub-population variation over time was analyzed. The results are shown in FIG.
- the hCD56 + hCD16 + fraction maintained approximately 90% or more from the first week to the eighth week after transplantation.
- the hCD56 + hCD16 ⁇ fraction accounted for about 11% at 1 week after transplantation, but gradually decreased thereafter. Therefore, it was confirmed that in the peripheral blood of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice, a subpopulation specialized for cytotoxicity showing an hCD56 + hCD16 + fraction grew.
- Example 13 [Preparation of frozen peripheral blood hIL-15 mice]
- the human peripheral blood-derived hCD56 + frozen NK cells were thawed and transplanted into the 8-12 week old adult NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice.
- 1 to 2 ⁇ 10 6 human peripheral blood-derived CD56 + NK cells that had been irradiated with 2.5 Gy X-rays and thawed 24 hours after irradiation were transplanted from the tail vein, and human peripheral blood-derived CD56 + frozen NK cells Transplanted NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice (hereinafter also referred to as “frozen peripheral blood hIL-15 mice”) were prepared.
- Example 14 (Examination of human cell differentiation ability in the peripheral blood of frozen peripheral blood hIL-15 mice) The frozen peripheral blood hIL-15 mice were collected over time after transplantation, stained with each specific antibody, and then measured by flow cytometry to analyze the human leukocyte chimera rate in the mouse blood.
- Patterns for hCD45 antigen-positive fraction that serves as an indicator of human leukocytes mCD45 is a negative fraction that serves as an indicator for mouse leukocytes
- patterns for hCD56 antigen that serves as an indicator of human NK cells and hCD3 antigen that serves as an indicator of T cells And a pattern for human hCD56 antigen and hCD16 antigen, and the ratio of human CD56 + NK cells and human CD56 + CD16 + NK cells was analyzed.
- the proportion of hCD45 + hCD3 + T cells was also confirmed. The results are shown in FIG. 11 and FIG.
- Example 15 Investigation of human cells in each tissue of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice.
- Peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice were subjected to euthanasia treatment by whole blood collection under anesthesia 6 weeks after transplantation, and then bone marrow, spleen, liver and lung were collected to prepare cells.
- Humanized cells in each mouse tissue were analyzed by staining with each specific antibody followed by flow cytometry. The results are shown in FIG.
- hNKp46 + which is a member of the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) family that induces cytotoxic activity of NK cells, which is one of NK cell markers.
- Example 16 (Expression analysis of specific cell surface molecules of human NK cells) For peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice, human NK cells isolated from the spleen at 8 weeks after transplantation were analyzed for the expression of the same specific cell surface molecules as mature NK cells in human tissues. .
- hNKG2A, hNKG2C, hNKG2D, hCD94, hNKp30, hNKp46, hNKp44, hNKp80, hCD57, hCD158a / h (Killer Immunoglobulin) are known as specific cell surface molecules of mature NK cells in human tissues.
- -like Receptor: KIR), hCD158b (KIR), hCD158d (KIR), hCD158e (KIR), hCD158f (KIR) expression of each antigen was confirmed.
- human NK cells proliferated in peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice have almost the same NK cell surface molecule expression pattern as the results of mature NK cells differentiated in human body (data not shown). It was.
- Example 17 (Verification of cytotoxic granule secretion ability of human peripheral blood-derived NK cells) It was verified whether human NK cells isolated from the spleen of peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice have the ability to secrete cytotoxic granules / produce cytokines as mature NK cells differentiated in vivo.
- spleens were collected from peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice to prepare cells, human CD56 + NK cells were isolated, and in the presence of brefeldin A and in the presence of human IL-2 or IL-15 cytokines After culturing for 20 hours, intracellular staining was performed with a fluorescently labeled antibody FITC-anti-hGranzyme A antibody and FITC-anti-Perforin antibody (manufactured by Biolegend) and measured by flow cytometry. The results are shown in FIG.
- human CD56 + NK cells isolated above were cultured in the presence of PMA / ionomycin, followed by intracellular staining using fluorescence-labeled antibody PE-anti-hIFNg antibody (manufactured by Biolegend) and measured by flow cytometry. did. The results are shown in FIG.
- NK cells isolated from peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice show cytotoxicity against the target cells.
- spleens were collected from peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice to prepare cells, hCD56 + cells were isolated, human IL-2, human IL-15, human IL-2 and human IL
- the cells were co-cultured with the target tumor cells (human NK high-sensitivity tumor cell line K562) for 4 hours, and cytotoxic activity (cytotoxicity (%)) was measured.
- the measurement was performed using the obtained culture supernatant and CytoTox96 Non-radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay (manufactured by Promega), and by a common enzyme reaction between the dead cell-derived cytoplasmic enzyme LDH released in the culture supernatant and the reaction substrate. Evaluation was based on chromaticity. The results are shown in FIG.
- human NK cells differentiated in NOG-hIL-15 Tg mice showed the strongest cytotoxic activity when cultured in the presence of hIL-15. From these results, it was confirmed that human NK cells differentiated in peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice can suppress the growth of human tumors in vitro in the same manner as mature NK cells differentiated in the human body.
- mice Tumor growth in vivo suppression experiment
- NK cells derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were transplanted (hu-PB-NK hIL-15 Tg.
- PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- NK cells were not used.
- Transplanted (hIL-15-Tg) mice were used.
- the size of tumors in human NK cells-transplanted mice is about 500 ⁇ 950 mm 3
- the size of tumors in NK cells Not transplantation (hIL-15-Tg) mice is about 495 ⁇ 1730mm 3
- the size of tumors in human NK cells transplanted mice were approximately two-thirds the size of tumors in NK cells Not transplantation (hIL-15-Tg) mice.
- Tumor suppressive effects were observed in the human NK cell transplant group (d7-21; p ⁇ 0.05). From these results, it was confirmed that peripheral blood transplanted hIL-15 mice inhibit human tumor growth in vivo.
- the mouse of the present invention is very useful in the medical field as a humanized immunodeficient mouse that can study the function of human NK cells for a long time after transplantation of human NK cells derived from human peripheral blood.
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Abstract
Description
[1]ヒトIL-15を分泌することができ、かつ、ヒト末梢血由来のヒトNK細胞を移植後に、hCD56+細胞がインビボで長期に検出されることを特徴とする、配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNAがゲノムDNAに挿入されている免疫不全マウス。
[2]hCD56+細胞がさらにhCD16が陽性を示すhCD56+hCD16+細胞であることを特徴とする前記[1]記載の免疫不全マウス。
[3]hCD56+細胞が、脾臓、肝臓及び/又は肺において検出されるが、骨髄において検出されない細胞であることを特徴とする前記[1]又は[2]記載の免疫不全マウス。
[4]hCD56+細胞が、細胞表面分子として、hNKG2A、hNKG2C、hNKG2D、hCD94、hNKp30、hNKp46、hNKp44、hNKp80、hCD57、hCD158a/h(KIR)、hCD158b(KIR)、hCD158d(KIR)、hCD158e(KIR)、又はhCD158f(KIR)について陽性を示す細胞であることを特徴とする前記[1]~[3]のいずれか記載の免疫不全マウス。
[5]ヒト末梢血由来のヒトNK細胞を移植後に、サイトカイン存在下で、ヒト腫瘍の生育をインビトロで抑制することができることを特徴とする前記[1]~[4]のいずれか記載の免疫不全マウス。
[6]サイトカインが、hIL-15であることを特徴とする前記[5]記載の免疫不全マウス。
[7]ヒト末梢血由来のヒトNK細胞を移植後に、ヒト腫瘍の生育をインビボで抑制することができることを特徴とする前記[1]~[6]のいずれか記載の免疫不全マウス。
[8]以下の(1)~(7)の工程を順次含むNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスの作製方法。
(1)配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNAをマウスゲノムDNAに挿入するために必要な領域を含むベクターに、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAを導入することにより、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAを有するマウス受精卵注入DNA調製用ベクターを作製する工程;
(1-1)必要に応じて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNAと、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがマウスゲノムDNAに挿入されるために必要な領域とを含む受精卵注入用DNA断片を調製する工程;
(2)上記工程(1)において作製されたベクター及び/又は上記(1-1)で調製されたベクター断片をインターロイキン2受容体γ鎖遺伝子(IL-2Rγ)ノックアウトマウスの受精卵に注入することにより注入受精卵を作製する工程;
(3)上記工程(2)において作製された注入受精卵を培養することにより、新生子マウスを作製する工程;
(4)上記工程(3)において作製されたマウスにおいて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがNOD-IL-2rγnullマウスのゲノムDNAに挿入されたか否かを判定する工程;
(5)上記工程(4)において配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがNOD-IL-2rγnullマウスのゲノムDNAに挿入されたと判定されたマウスが、hIL-15を分泌しているか否かを判定し、hIL-15を分泌しているマウスをNOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15Tgマウスとして選抜する工程;
(6)上記NOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15Tgマウスと、NOGマウスとを交配して、scid変異が導入されたNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスを作製する工程;
(7)NOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスと、NOGマウスとを交配してNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 TgマウスとNOGマウスとを1:1で作製する工程;
(1-1)必要に応じて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNAと、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがマウスゲノムDNAに挿入されるために必要な領域とを含む受精卵注入用DNA断片を調製する工程;
(2)上記工程(1)において作製されたベクター及び/又は上記(1-1)で調製されたベクター断片をインターロイキン2受容体γ鎖遺伝子(IL-2Rγ)ノックアウトマウスの受精卵に注入することにより注入受精卵を作製する工程;
(3)上記工程(2)において作製された注入受精卵を培養することにより、新生子マウスを作製する工程;
(4)上記工程(3)において作製されたマウスにおいて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがNOD-IL-2rγnullマウスのゲノムDNAに挿入されたか否かを判定する工程;
(5)上記工程(4)において配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがNOD-IL-2rγnullマウスのゲノムDNAに挿入されたと判定されたマウスが、hIL-15を分泌しているか否かを判定し、hIL-15を分泌しているマウスをNOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15Tgマウスとして選抜する工程;
(6)上記NOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15Tgマウスと、NOG(NOD-scid,IL-2rγnull)マウスとを交配して、scid変異が導入されたNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスを作製する工程;
(7)NOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスと、NOGマウスとを交配してNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 TgマウスとNOGマウスとを1:1で作製する工程;
[IL-15を産生するNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスの作製]
(概要)
公益財団法人実験動物中央研究所(以下、「実中研」ともいう。)の動物実験委員会の承認を得たガイダンスに従い、NOD-IL-2rγnullマウスと、NOD-scid,IL-2rγnullマウス(以下、「NOGマウス」ともいう。)とを用いて、ヒトIL-15を分泌するトランスジェニックマウスである、NOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスを作製した。これらのマウスは、実中研のSPF飼育室において特別に管理されており、一定条件下で分譲可能である。
哺乳類用レポーターベクターであるpCMVβ(インビトロジェン社製)(図1(a)参照)を用いて、サイトメガロウイルスプロモーター(pCMV-IE)DNAの下流に、SV40SD/SV DNA、hIL-2SPcDNA/hIL-15cDNA連結体である配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNA、及びポリA配列DNAが順次組み込まれた、受精卵注入DNA調製用ベクターを構築した。具体的には、上記pCMV-LacZを制限酵素NotIで切り出し、β-ガラクトシダーゼをコードする遺伝子を、Genbank(アクセッション番号:hIL-2(NM_000586)と、hIL-15(NM_000585又はBC100962)とを参照することにより決定されたhIL-2SPcDNA/hIL-15cDNA連結体の塩基配列を含むDNAと置き換えた。
NOD-IL-2rγnullマウスの前核期受精卵123個に、上記受精卵注入用DNAを1.5ng/mL濃度に調製し、マイクロマニピュレータ付き倒立顕微鏡(ライカ社製)を用いてマイクロインジェクションした。
上記産子マウスが3-4週齢に達した時点で、各産子マウスの尾の先端1-2mmから採取した組織片から自動DNA抽出装置(TOYOBO社製)によって抽出されたゲノムDNAについて、以下に示されるプライマーセットを用いて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列が各産子のゲノムDNAに挿入されたか否かを以下の条件によりPCR法により確認した。
IL2SPS1:5’-ATAGCGGCCGCTCACAGTAACCTCAACTCCTGCCA-3’(フォワードプライマー)(配列番号7)
IL15mpAS3:5’-CAACTAGTTCACTTGTCATCGTCGTCCTTGTAGTCAGAA-3’(リバースプライマー)(配列番号8)
A液:
2.5μL Ex-taq用×10 buffer
2μL dNTPmix
1.25μL IL2SPS1 (5μM)
1.25μL IL15mpAS3 (5μM)
0.125μL Ex-taq
6.875μL DW
B液:
8.5μL DW
1.5μL ゲノムDNA
A液とB液とを混合して、PCR反応液を調製した。
24μLの上記PCR反応液を用い、94℃にて3分の加熱処理;94℃にて30秒、60℃にて30秒、72℃にて1分を1サイクルとして35サイクル;その後72℃にて2分加熱処理;の条件で増幅処理が行われた。上記PCRにより得られたPCR産物を2%アガロースゲル中で電気泳動に供し、480bp付近の増幅産物バンドの有無を確認することにより、上記各産子マウスにおいて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがゲノムDNAに挿入されたか否かを判定した。
上記NOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウス(雌)と、NOD-scid,IL-2rγnullマウス(以下「NOGマウス」ともいう。)(雄)とを交配することにより、NOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスに、免疫系の主要な担当細胞であるT細胞及びB細胞が欠損しているscid変異をさらに導入して、NOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウス(以下「NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウス」ともいう。)を作製した。
[NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスについての検討]
(血漿中のhIL-15濃度)
NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスの血漿中のhIL-15濃度を測定した。4~6週齢のマウス個体からヘパリン(Novo-heparin、持田製薬株式会社製)を用いて麻酔下にて末梢血を収集した。血漿中のhIL-15濃度は、前記ELISAキットを用いて測定した。結果を図3に示す。
図3から明らかなとおり、NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウス(図中では「hIL-15Tg」)(N=126)における血漿中のhIL-15濃度は、47.7±27.5pg/mLであり、non-Tgマウスにおける血漿中のhIL-15濃度は、1.3±1.5pg/mLであった。したがって、ゲノムDNAに挿入されたNOG-hIL-15Tgマウスにおいては、NOGマウスに比べて顕著に多く、ゲノムDNAに挿入された配列番号1に示される塩基配列を有する遺伝子により全身的に産生されたhIL-15が血液中に分泌されていることが確認された。
[ヒト臍帯血由来CD34+造血幹細胞移植NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスのヒト細胞分化能の検討]
(フローサイトメトリー測定手順)
実施例3以降のフローサイトメトリーを用いる検討は、以下の手順で行われた。hCD56+細胞がヒトNK細胞であると判断し、それぞれの検討項目に適した抗体により解析を行った。具体的には、4℃にて暗所で30分間染色後、FACS緩衝液(1%FBSと0.1%NaN3を含むPBS)で洗浄し、細胞はヨウ化プロピジウム含有FACS緩衝液で再懸濁され、その後フローサイトメトリー測定に供された。フローサイトメトリー測定は、BD FACSCantoTM フローサイトメーター(BD社製)を用いて行われ、データは、FACSDiva ソフトウェア(ver.6.1.3)(BD社製)によって解析された。細胞数の絶対値は、Flow-Count(Beckman Coulter社製)を用いて取扱説明書にしたがって算出された。
使用された抗体は、具体的には以下のとおりである。
抗hCD3抗体:anti-human CD3-FITC(BioLegend社製)anti-human CD3-PE (BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD16抗体:anti-human CD16-FITC(BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD19抗体:anti-CD19 (BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD33抗体:anti-human CD33-FITC (BD Biosciences社製)、
抗hCD45抗体:anti-human CD45-allophycocyanin-Cy7 (BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD56抗体:anti-human CD56-PE(BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD57抗体:anti-CD57(BioLegend社製)、
抗NKG2A抗体:anti-human CD159a (NKG2A)-PE (Beckman Coulter社製)、
抗NKG2C抗体: Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated anti-human NK group 2 membrane C(R&D Systems社製)、
抗NKG2D抗体:anti-NKG2D(BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD94抗体:anti-CD94(BioLegend社製)、
抗hNKp30抗体:anti-NKp30(BioLegend社製)、
抗hNKp46抗体:anti-NKp46(BioLegend社製)、
抗hNKp44抗体:anti-NKp44(BioLegend社製)、
抗hNKp80抗体:anti-human NKp80-PE(Beckman Coulter社製)、
抗hCD158a/h抗体(Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor:KIR)(KIR2DL1/S1/S3/S5):FITC-conjugated anti-CD158a/h (BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD158b抗体(KIR2DL2/L3,NKAT2):anti-CD158b (BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD158d抗体(KIR2DL4):anti-CD158d (BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD158e抗体(KIR3DL1,NKB1):anti-CD158e (BioLegend社製)、
抗hCD158f抗体(KIR2DL5);anti-CD158f (BioLegend社製)、
抗mCD45抗体: anti-mouse CD45-allophycocyanin(BioLegend社製)、
(ヒト臍帯血由来hCD34+造血幹細胞移植NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスの作製)
上記8~12週齢の成体NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスにヒト臍帯血由来hCD34+造血幹細胞を移植した。2.5GyのX線を照射し、照射後24時間以内にヒト臍帯血由来のhCD34+造血幹細胞2×104個を尾静脈より移植し、ヒト臍帯血由来hCD34+造血幹細胞を移植したNOG-hIL-15 Tgマウス(以下「幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス」ともいう。)を作製した。同様に、ヒト臍帯血由来hCD34+造血幹細胞を移植したNOGマウス(以下「幹細胞移植non-Tgマウス」ともいう。)を作製し、ネガティブコントロールとした。また、ヒトNK細胞が選択的に分化・増殖することが既に確認されている、インターロイキン2(hIL-2)のシグナルペプチドとcDNAがゲノムDNAに挿入されているNOG-hIL-2 Tgマウスに、ヒト臍帯血由来hCD34+造血幹細胞移植したマウス(以下「幹細胞移植hIL-2マウス」ともいう。)をポジティブコントロールとした。
(臍帯血由来hIL-15マウスの末梢血中のヒト細胞分化能の検討)
上記3種類のhCD34+造血幹細胞移植マウスについて、移植後4週経過時に末梢血から採血を行い、NK細胞の指標となるhCD56抗原、白血球の指標となるhCD45抗原、B細胞の指標となるhCD19抗原、T細胞の指標となるhCD3抗原に対する各特異抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、マウス血液中のヒト白血球キメラ率を解析した。図4(a)に単核細胞(MNC)中のヒト免疫細胞量(/μL)を示し、及び図4(b)に単核細胞中に占める細胞数(%)を示す。
図4(a)から明らかなとおり、移植後4週目の幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス及び幹細胞移植hIL-2マウスの末梢血においては、hCD56+細胞の発現が多く、ヒトNK細胞が選択的に分化、増殖していることが確認された。一方、幹細胞移植non-Tgマウスの末梢血においては、hCD56陽性細胞の発現はほとんどなかった。また、hCD19+細胞の発現は、幹細胞移植hIL-2マウスの末梢血において約3細胞/μLであり、また、幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス、及び幹細胞移植non-Tgマウスの末梢血においては1~2細胞/μL程度であって、いずれのマウスにおいてもヒトB細胞への分化、増殖はほとんど観察されなかった。
図4(b)から明らかなとおり、移植後4週目の幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス及び幹細胞移植hIL-2マウスの末梢血においてはhCD56+細胞の発現が非常に多く、ヒトCD56+NK細胞が分化、増殖していることが確認された。
(幹細胞移植hIL-15マウスの各組織におけるヒト細胞分化能の検討)
hCD34+造血幹細胞移植した上記3種類の被検マウスについて、移植後6週経過時に骨髄、脾臓、末梢血を採取し、ヒトCD56+NK細胞を単離し、各特異抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、マウス各組織中のヒト細胞分化能を解析した。結果を図5に示す。
図5から明らかなとおり、幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス及び幹細胞移植hIL-2マウスの骨髄(BM)、脾臓(SPL)、末梢血(PB)のいずれにおいても、ヒトNK細胞の局在が、hCD56+、hCD45+の分画で示される赤枠内に確認されたが、幹細胞移植non-Tgマウスにおいては、ヒトNK細胞の局在はほとんど確認されなかった。
(ヒト造血細胞由来NK細胞に特異的な受容体の発現解析)
前記幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス及び幹細胞移植hIL-2マウスの脾臓から単離されたヒトNK細胞について、ヒト生体内で分化した成熟NK細胞の亜分画で特異的な細胞表面分子であるとされるhCD16抗原、ヒト末梢血でNK活性を持つ細胞サブセットに発現されるとされるhCD57抗原、NK細胞表面に発現する抑制型受容体とされるhNKG2A抗原、NK細胞表面に発現する活性型受容体とされるhNKG2C抗原、NK細胞表面に発現する活性型受容体とされるhNKG2D抗原に対する各特異抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、ヒトNK細胞特異的な受容体の発現を解析した。ヒト末梢血成熟NK細胞であるJapanese PB-NK細胞(インフォームドコンセントを受けた、日本人ドナーの末梢血より単離したヒトNK細胞)をポジティブコントロールとした。結果を図6に示す。
図6からも明らかなとおり、幹細胞移植hIL-15 Tgマウス、幹細胞移植hIL-2 Tgマウスいずれの末梢血におけるNK細胞においても、hCD16抗原、hCD57抗原、hNKG2A抗原、hNKG2C抗原、hNKG2D抗原の発現が確認された。しかしながら、その発現パターンは、hCD56抗原の発現強度が高い点と、hCD56+CD16-分画の割合が多い点で、ヒト末梢血成熟NK細胞とは発現様式が異なっており、臨床において、IL-2投与療法を受けた患者の血液中で増加するhCD56+CD16-活性化NK細胞と類似したNK細胞特異抗原の発現パターンを示してしていたことから、幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス・幹細胞移植hIL-2マウスの中で分化したヒト造血幹細胞由来NK細胞は、マウス内のhIL-15又はhIL-2によって活性化したNK細胞が多く存在している事が推定された。
(ヒト造血細胞由来NK細胞の細胞傷害顆粒分泌能の検証)
前記幹細胞移植hIL-15 Tgマウス及び幹細胞移植hIL-2 Tgマウスの脾臓から単離されたヒトNK細胞が、細胞傷害顆粒の分泌能/サイトカイン産生能を有する否かを検証した。移植後6週経過時に各マウスの脾臓を摘出し細胞調製を行い、ヒトCD56+NK細胞を単離し、ブレフェルディンA(BioLegend社製)存在下で20時間培養した後に蛍光標識抗体(FITC-抗hGranzymeA抗体、FITC-抗Perforin抗体(BioLegend社製)で細胞内染色をして、フローサイトメトリーで測定した。結果を図7(a)に示す。また、ヒト上記単離したヒトCD56+NK細胞をPMA/ionomycin存在下で培養した後、蛍光標識抗体PE-抗hIFNg抗体(BioLegend社製)で細胞内染色を行い、フローサイトメトリーで測定した。結果を図7(b)に示す。
図7(a)から明らかなとおり、上記いずれのマウス由来のヒトCD56+NK細胞においても、ヒト生体内で分化した成熟NK細胞の結果(データ示さず)と同等の細胞傷害顆粒であるGranzymeAの発現が確認された。Perforinについても発現が確認されたが、ヒト生体内で分化した成熟NK細胞の結果(データ示さず)と比較して発現がやや少ない結果となった。また、図7(b)から明らかなとおり、上記いずれのマウス由来のヒトNK細胞においても、PMA/ionomycin刺激により、インターフェロンガンマ(IFNγ)の産生が認められた。
(ヒト末梢血由来hCD56+NK細胞移植NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスの作製)
上記8~12週齢の成体NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスにヒト末梢血由来CD56+NK細胞を移植した。2.5GyのX線を照射し、照射後24時間以内にヒト末梢血由来のhCD56+NK細胞1~2×106個を尾静脈より移植し、ヒト末梢血由来CD56+NK細胞移植NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウス(以下「末梢血移植hIL-15マウス」ともいう。)を作製した。同様に、ヒト末梢血由来hCD56+NK細胞移植NOG-hIL-2 Tgマウス(以下「末梢血移植hIL-2マウス」ともいう。)を作製した。ヒト末梢血由来hCD56+NK細胞を移植したNOGマウス(以下「末梢血移植non-Tgマウス」ともいう。)を作製し、ネガティブコントロールとした。
(末梢血移植hIL-15マウスの末梢血中細胞の検討)
移植後3週間経過時に採血し、mCD45抗原、hCD3抗原、hCD16抗原、hCD45抗原、hCD56抗原に対する各特異抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、各マウス血液中のヒト白血球キメラ率を解析した。ヒト白血球の指標となるhCD45抗原陽性分画(マウス白血球の指標となるmCD45は陰性の分画)にゲートし、さらにヒトNK細胞の指標となるhCD56抗原とT細胞の指標となるhCD3抗原に対するパターンで展開した。hCD45+CD56+NK細胞にゲートし、さらにhCD56抗原とhCD16抗原に対するパターンで展開し、hCD56+hCD16+NK細胞の割合を解析した。ヒトT細胞の混入を確認するため、hCD45+hCD3+T細胞の割合も確認した。結果を図8に示す。
図8において、「PBMC」は、健常人由来のヒト末梢血中の単核球を表す。「CD56+sorted (pre-transfer)」は、移植前のPBMCより単離したhCD56+NK細胞を表す。「After transfer(3w)」は、移植後3週経過時の末梢血移植hIL-15マウスの末梢血を表す。移植後3週経過時の末梢血移植hIL-15マウスにおいては、hCD45+ヒト白血球内ではCD56+CD16+NK細胞分画が大部分(99.7%)を占めていた。「PBMC」、「CD56+sorted (pre-transfer)」においても、ヒト末梢血中の成熟NK細胞は、hCD45+ヒト白血球中のhCD56+hCD16+分画において90%以上を占めていることから、移植されたhCD56+NK細胞は、移植後3週間経過時においても、健常人由来のヒト末梢血中の単核球と同様のhCD56+hCD16+NK細胞という性質を維持したまま生着し、増殖していると判断することができた。
移植後経時的に採血し、単核細胞中のNK細胞とT細胞の占める割合を計測した。上記3種類の末梢血移植マウスについて、移植後経過時に末梢血から採血を行い、NK細胞の指標となるhCD56抗原、白血球の指標となるhCD45抗原、T細胞の指標となるhCD3抗原に対する各特異抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、マウス血液中のヒト白血球キメラ率を解析した。図9(a)に単核細胞(MNC)中に占めるNK細胞数(%)を、図9(b)にMNC中に占めるT細胞数(%)を示す。また、図9(c)に末梢血移植hIL-15マウス血液中のNK細胞数(/μL)を示し、図9(d)に末梢血移植non-Tgマウス血液中のNK細胞数(/μL)を示す。
図9(a)から明らかなとおり、NK細胞については、末梢血移植hIL-15マウスにおいて、移植後2週経過時には単核細胞中の約30~約46%を占め、4週経過時に約10~約20%を占め、6週経過時に約8~約15%を占めた。図9(b)から明らかなとおり、末梢血移植hIL-2マウスにおいては、一番増加した移植後4週経過時で10%未満にとどまった。T細胞については、末梢血移植hIL-15マウスではほとんど検出されなかった一方、末梢血移植hIL-2マウスでは移植後3~4週経過時に約18~約23%を占めた。末梢血移植non-Tgマウスにおいては、NK細胞もT細胞もほとんど確認されなかった。以上の結果より、末梢血移植hIL-2マウスでは、NK細胞が血液中で増殖せず、移植細胞に極めて少数混入していたT細胞が増殖してしまうことが確認されたため、これ以降の実験は、末梢血移植hIL-15マウスについてのみ検討を行うこととした。また、ヒト末梢血hIL-15Tgマウスにおいては、血液中のヒトNK細胞数が徐々に増加し、移植後4-5週経過時には8000個/μLまで増加した。その後は徐々に減少したが、移植後24週経過しても、約40細胞/μLが確認された(図9(c)参照)。ヒト末梢血non-Tgマウスでは、移植後2週経過の時には約40細胞/uL確認されたのが最大値であって、増殖はほとんど観察されなかった(図9(d)参照)。
(ヒト成熟NK細胞亜種の推移についての検討)
ヒトNK細胞は、hCD56+hCD16+分画を占める細胞傷害能に特化された亜集団と、hCD56+hCD16-分画を占めるサイトカイン産生能に特化された亜集団とが存在することが知られている。末梢血移植hIL-15マウスに移植されたヒト成熟NK細胞が、どちらの分画において増殖するのかを確認するために、細胞亜集団(sub-population)の経時的変動を解析した。結果を図10に示す。
図10から明らかなとおり、hCD56+hCD16+分画は、移植後1週目~8週目にわたりほぼ90%以上を維持した。一方、hCD56+hCD16-分画は、移植後1週経過時に約11%を占めたがその後漸減した。したがって、末梢血移植hIL-15マウスの末梢血においては、hCD56+hCD16+分画を示す細胞傷害能に特化された亜集団が増殖していることが確認された。
[凍結末梢血hIL-15マウスの調製]
上記8~12週齢の成体NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスにヒト末梢血由来hCD56+凍結NK細胞を解凍して移植した。2.5GyのX線を照射し、照射後24時間経過時に解凍されたヒト末梢血由来CD56+NK細胞1~2×106個を尾静脈より移植し、ヒト末梢血由来CD56+凍結NK細胞移植NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウス(以下「凍結末梢血hIL-15マウス」ともいう。)を作製した。
(凍結末梢血hIL-15マウスの末梢血中のヒト細胞分化能の検討)
凍結末梢血hIL-15マウスについて、移植後経時的に採血し、各特異抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、マウス血液中のヒト白血球キメラ率を解析した。ヒト白血球の指標となるhCD45抗原陽性分画(マウス白血球の指標となるmCD45は陰性の分画)にゲートし、さらにヒトNK細胞の指標となるhCD56抗原とT細胞の指標となるhCD3抗原に対するパターン、及びヒトhCD56抗原とhCD16抗原に対するパターンで展開し、ヒトCD56+NK細胞、及びヒトCD56+CD16+NK細胞の割合を解析した。ヒトT細胞の混入を確認するため、hCD45+hCD3+T細胞の割合も確認した。結果を図11及び図12に示す。
図11において、移植していない凍結ヒトCD56+NK細胞を表す「FrozenPB-NK(Pre-transfer)」から明らかなとおり、解凍後のヒト末梢血中の成熟NK細胞は、hCD16+hCD56+分画において85.2%を占めている。凍結ヒトCD56+NK細胞を移植後4週目の凍結末梢血hIL-15マウスにおいても、hCD16+hCD56+分画において81.3%を占めているので、新鮮血由来ヒトNK細胞移植実験と同様に、移植された解凍後のヒトNK細胞は、NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスに移植後4週経過時においても生着し、増殖していることを確認することができた。
図12から明らかなとおり、CD56+CD16+分画を占める亜集団が選択的に増幅し、移植後1週目~2週目にわたり急激に増加し、3週目以降漸減した。一方、CD56+CD16-分画を占めるサイトカイン産生能に特化された亜集団はほとんど増加することはなかった。したがって、CD56+凍結NK細胞移植NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスにおいては、細胞傷害能に特化されたCD56+CD16+NK細胞が顕著に増殖することが確認された。
(末梢血移植hIL-15マウスの各組織におけるヒト細胞の検討)
末梢血移植hIL-15マウスについて、移植後6週経過時に麻酔下にて全採血することで安楽死処置を施した後、骨髄、脾臓、肝臓、肺を採取して細胞調製を行った。各特異抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、マウス各組織中のヒト化細胞を解析した。結果を図13に示す。
図13から明らかなとおり、末梢血移植hIL-15マウスの脾臓(SPL)、末梢血(PB)、肝臓(Liver)、肺(Lung)のいずれにおいても、ヒトCD56+CD16+NK細胞の局在が認められたが、骨髄(BM)では局在が認められなかった。この結果は、ヒト組織における成熟NK細胞は、主に血液・脾臓・リンパ節・扁桃腺・肝臓・肺等に局在するが、骨髄では成熟NK細胞はほとんど存在しないという結果と一致した。しかし、前記幹細胞移植hIL-15マウス及び幹細胞移植hIL-2マウスにおいては、骨髄において、ヒトNK細胞の局在が認められたという結果とは相違した。また、NK細胞マーカーの1種である、NK細胞の細胞傷害活性を誘導するnatural cytotoxicity receptor(NCR)ファミリーの一員として知られているhNKp46+の分画で強く発現していることも確認された。
(ヒトNK細胞の特異的な細胞表面分子の発現解析)
末梢血移植hIL-15マウスについて、移植後8週経過時に脾臓から単離されたヒトNK細胞は、ヒト組織における成熟NK細胞と同じ特異的な細胞表面分子が発現しているか否かを解析した。ヒト組織における成熟NK細胞の特異的な細胞表面分子として知られている、hNKG2A、hNKG2C、hNKG2D、hCD94、hNKp30、hNKp46、hNKp44、hNKp80、hCD57、hCD158a/h(Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor:KIR)、hCD158b(KIR)、hCD158d(KIR)、hCD158e(KIR)、hCD158f(KIR)の各抗原に対する各特異的な抗体で染色した後フローサイトメトリーで測定することにより、ヒトNK細胞特異的な細胞表面分子発現解析を行った。マウス結果を図14に示す。各細胞表面分子の陰性対象として、Isotype Abで染色したパターンも示す。
図14から明らかなとおり、ヒト組織における成熟NK細胞の特異的な細胞表面分子として知られている、hNKG2A、hNKG2C、hNKG2D、hCD94、hNKp30、hNKp46、hNKp44、hNKp80、hCD57、hCD158a/h(Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor:KIR)、hCD158b(KIR)、hCD158d(KIR)、hCD158e(KIR)、hCD158f(KIR)の各抗原の発現が確認された。また、末梢血移植hIL-15マウスにおいて増殖したヒトNK細胞は、ヒト生体内で分化した成熟NK細胞の結果(データ示さず)とほぼ同一のNK細胞の表面分子発現パターンを有することが確認された。
(ヒト末梢血由来NK細胞の細胞傷害顆粒分泌能の検証)
末梢血移植hIL-15マウスの脾臓から単離されたヒトNK細胞が、ヒト生体内で分化した成熟NK細胞と同様に細胞傷害顆粒の分泌能/サイトカイン産生能を有する否かを検証した。上記移植8週経過時に末梢血移植hIL-15マウスより脾臓を採取して細胞調製し、ヒトCD56+NK細胞を単離し、ブレフェルディンA存在下及びヒトIL-2もしくはIL-15サイトカイン存在下で20時間培養した後に蛍光標識抗体FITC-抗hGranzymeA抗体、FITC-抗Perforin抗体(Biolegend社製)で細胞内染色をして、フローサイトメトリーで測定した。結果を図15(a)に示す。また、ヒト上記単離したヒトCD56+NK細胞をPMA/ionomycine存在下で培養した後、蛍光標識抗体PE-抗hIFNg抗体(Biolegend社製)を用いて細胞内染色を行い、フローサイトメトリーで測定した。結果を図15(b)に示す。
図15(a)から明らかなとおり、NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウス由来のヒトCD56+NK細胞においても、ヒト生体内で分化した成熟NK細胞の結果(データ示さず)と同等の細胞傷害顆粒(GranzymeA)の発現が確認された。しかし、Perforinは各種サイトカインで刺激してもほとんど検出できなかった。また、図15(b)から明らかなとおり、PMA/ionomycine刺激により、インターフェロンガンマ(IFNγ)の産生が認められた。この結果は、hIL-15マウスで増殖したヒトNK細胞は、刺激因子に対する反応性(サイトカイン産生能)を保持していることを示していた。
末梢血移植hIL-15マウスから単離されたヒトNK細胞が、標的細胞にたいして細胞傷害能を示すか検証した。ヒトNK細胞移植後8週経過時に末梢血移植hIL-15マウスより脾臓を採取して細胞調製し、hCD56+細胞を単離し、ヒトIL-2、ヒトIL-15、ヒトIL-2とヒトIL-15との混合組成物の、各サイトカイン存在下で2日間培養した後に、標的腫瘍細胞(ヒトNK高感受性腫瘍細胞株K562)と4時間共培養し、培養上清を用いて細胞傷害活性(cytotoxicity(%))を測定した。測定の方法は、得られた培養上清とCytoTox96 Non-radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay(Promega社製)を用い、培養上清中に遊離した死細胞由来細胞質性酵素LDHと反応基質との共益酵素反応による呈色度によって評価した。結果を図16に示す。
図16から明らかなとおり、NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウス内で分化したヒトNK細胞は、hIL-15存在下で培養した場合に一番強い細胞傷害活性を示した。かかる結果により、末梢血移植hIL-15マウス内で分化したヒトNK細胞が、ヒト生体内で分化した成熟NK細胞と同様に、ヒト腫瘍の生育をインビトロで抑制できることが確認された。
末梢血移植hIL-15マウスが、ヒト腫瘍に対する細胞傷害活性を観察することが可能かを検討した。成体NOG-hIL-15 Tgマウスに、2.5GyのX線を照射し、骨髄抑制を行った。照射後1日以内にヒト末梢血単核細胞(PBMC)由来NK細胞を2×106個iv移植して(hu-PB-NK hIL-15 Tgを作製した。陰性コントロールとしては、NK細胞未移植(hIL-15-Tg)マウスを用いた。ヒトPBMC)由来NK細胞移植後4週経過時に2.5×105個のNK感受性ヒト腫瘍細胞株K562を皮下移植し、継時的に腫瘍径を測定した。結果を図17に示す。
図17から明らかなとおり、皮下移植後21日目には、ヒトNK細胞移植マウスにおける腫瘍のサイズは500~950mm3程度であり、NK細胞未移植(hIL-15-Tg)マウスにおける腫瘍のサイズは495~1730mm3程度であり、ヒトNK細胞移植マウスにおける腫瘍のサイズは、NK細胞未移植(hIL-15-Tg)マウスにおける腫瘍のサイズの約3分の2であった。ヒトNK細胞移植群で腫瘍抑制効果が認められた(d7-21;p<0.05)。かかる結果により、末梢血移植hIL-15マウスは、ヒト腫瘍の生育をインビボで抑制することが確認された。
Claims (8)
- ヒトIL-15を分泌することができ、かつ、ヒト末梢血由来のヒトNK細胞を移植後に、hCD56+細胞がインビボで長期に検出されることを特徴とする、配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNAがゲノムDNAに挿入されている免疫不全マウス。
- hCD56+細胞がさらにhCD16が陽性を示すhCD56+hCD16+細胞であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の免疫不全マウス。
- hCD56+細胞が、脾臓、肝臓及び/又は肺において検出されるが、骨髄において検出されない細胞であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の免疫不全マウス。
- hCD56+細胞が、細胞表面分子として、hNKG2A、hNKG2C、hNKG2D、hCD94、hNKp30、hNKp46、hNKp44、hNKp80、hCD57、hCD158a/h(KIR)、hCD158b(KIR)、hCD158d(KIR)、hCD158e(KIR)、又はhCD158f(KIR)について陽性を示す細胞であることを特徴とする請求項1~3いずれか記載の免疫不全マウス。
- ヒト末梢血由来のヒトNK細胞を移植後に、サイトカイン存在下で、ヒト腫瘍の生育をインビトロで抑制することができることを特徴とする請求項1~4いずれか記載の免疫不全マウス。
- サイトカインが、hIL-15であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の免疫不全マウス。
- ヒト末梢血由来のヒトNK細胞を移植後に、ヒト腫瘍の生育をインビボで抑制することができることを特徴とする請求項1~6いずれか記載の免疫不全マウス。
- 以下の(1)~(7)の工程を順次含むNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスの作製方法。
(1)配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNAをマウスゲノムDNAに挿入するために必要な領域を含むベクターに、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAを導入することにより、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAを有するマウス受精卵注入DNA調製用ベクターを作製する工程;
(1-1)必要に応じて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列からなるDNAと、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがマウスゲノムDNAに挿入されるために必要な領域とを含む受精卵注入用DNA断片を調製する工程;
(2)上記工程(1)において作製されたベクター及び/又は上記(1-1)で調製されたベクター断片をインターロイキン2受容体γ鎖遺伝子(IL-2Rγ)ノックアウトマウスの受精卵に注入することにより注入受精卵を作製する工程;
(3)上記工程(2)において作製された注入受精卵を培養することにより、新生子マウスを作製する工程;
(4)上記工程(3)において作製されたマウスにおいて、配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがNOD-IL-2rγnullマウスのゲノムDNAに挿入されたか否かを判定する工程;
(5)上記工程(4)において配列番号1に示される塩基配列を含むDNAがNOD-IL-2rγnullマウスのゲノムDNAに挿入されたと判定されたマウスが、hIL-15を分泌しているか否かを判定し、hIL-15を分泌しているマウスをNOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15Tgマウスとして選抜する工程;
(6)上記NOD-IL-2rγnull-hIL-15Tgマウスと、NOGマウスとを交配して、scid変異が導入されたNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスを作製する工程;
(7)NOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 Tgマウスと、NOGマウスとを交配してNOD-scid,IL-2rγnull-hIL-15 TgマウスとNOGマウスとを1:1で作製する工程;
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