WO2016163396A1 - 多孔質複合体、骨再生材料、および多孔質複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
多孔質複合体、骨再生材料、および多孔質複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/02—Inorganic materials
- A61L27/12—Phosphorus-containing materials, e.g. apatite
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/14—Macromolecular materials
- A61L27/22—Polypeptides or derivatives thereof, e.g. degradation products
- A61L27/24—Collagen
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/36—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix
- A61L27/38—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells
- A61L27/3839—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix containing added animal cells characterised by the site of application in the body
- A61L27/3843—Connective tissue
- A61L27/3847—Bones
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/40—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material
- A61L27/44—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix
- A61L27/46—Composite materials, i.e. containing one material dispersed in a matrix of the same or different material having a macromolecular matrix with phosphorus-containing inorganic fillers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/54—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/58—Materials at least partially resorbable by the body
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2430/00—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration
- A61L2430/02—Materials or treatment for tissue regeneration for reconstruction of bones; weight-bearing implants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous composite, a bone regeneration material, and a method for producing a porous composite.
- Conventionally used bone regeneration materials include calcium phosphates such as hydroxyapatite (HA) (see, for example, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, Patent Document 4, and Patent Document 5).
- HA hydroxyapatite
- OCP octacalcium phosphate
- HA HA
- ⁇ -TCP ⁇ -tricalcium phosphate
- Bone regeneration material is generally applied to irregular bone defects.
- the bone regeneration material used for such a purpose is clinically required to have good operability, not to mention the ability to promote bone regeneration.
- it has an appropriate bending strength and can be easily processed according to the shape of the bone defect with tweezers, etc.
- (2) has an appropriate compressive strength and does not cause breakage during handling. It has been demanded.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a porous body including an apatite / collagen composite fiber that has an optimal balance between mechanical strength and biocompatibility and is suitable for artificial bone materials, cell scaffolds, and the like.
- Such an apatite / collagen composite fiber is advantageous in terms of initial mechanical strength because fine apatite particles are deposited on collagen, but on the other hand, it can be easily used with tweezers because of its strength. There is a problem that it is difficult to process.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a hard tissue substituting carrier material composed of eighth calcium phosphate and collagen and having excellent shape imparting properties. Such a hard tissue substituting carrier material is excellent in flexibility, but has a problem that since its pore diameter is large, the compressive strength is low and breakage or the like is likely to occur during handling.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and has a porous composite containing OCP and collagen, which has improved bending strength and compressive strength as compared with the prior art, and has excellent operability, and bone regeneration including the same It is an object to provide a material and a method for producing a porous composite.
- the present inventors diligently studied, and by using a liquid containing collagen having a predetermined ionic strength, it has a bending strength and a compressive strength within a predetermined range, and as a result, easy processing. And a porous composite with both mechanical strength.
- the present inventors have made further studies and improvements, and provide the inventions represented below.
- a porous composite containing eighth calcium phosphate and collagen having a flexural strength of 0.05 to 0.16 MPa and a compressive strength of 0.3 MPa or more.
- a bone regeneration material comprising the porous composite according to any one of [1] to [3].
- a method for producing a porous composite containing eighth calcium phosphate and collagen (1) a step of preparing a collagen-containing liquid, a gel, a sol or a liquid containing a collagen, wherein the liquid has an ionic strength of 0.005-0.06 and a pH of 6.0-9.0; And (2) obtaining a suspension obtained by mixing a gel, sol, or liquid containing collagen and eighth calcium phosphate,
- a method for producing a porous composite comprising:
- a method for producing a porous composite containing eighth calcium phosphate and collagen (1) a step of obtaining a suspension in which a liquid containing collagen and eighth calcium phosphate are mixed; and (2) the suspension has an ionic strength of 0.005 to 0.06 and a pH of 6.0 to 9. Adjusting to zero,
- a method for producing a porous composite comprising:
- the porous composite_body complex containing OCP and collagen excellent in the property of bending strength and compressive strength which is excellent in workability and is hard to break, and a bone regeneration material including the same are provided.
- the present porous composite is less susceptible to degradation by proteolytic enzymes, can remain longer in the portion that requires bone regeneration, and is expected to promote bone regeneration.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the sample dimension for a bending test. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the measuring method of bending strength. 3 is a graph showing a stress-strain curve in a bending strength test for Example 1. FIG. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the measuring method of compressive strength.
- the porous composite of the present invention is a porous composite (OCP / collagen composite) containing OCP and collagen.
- a preferred embodiment of the porous composite of the present invention is a porous composite in which collagen forms a three-dimensional sponge-like structure and OCP is present as granules of at least 100 ⁇ m or more in the sponge-like structure.
- the bone regeneration material comprising the porous composite of the present invention realizes the formation of internal bone in which osteoblasts invade into the porous body and promote the formation of new bone by the porous body structure.
- OCP (Ca 8 H 2 (PO 4) 6 ⁇ 5H 2 O) may be prepared by a variety known methods, for example, dropping method of LeGeros (LeGeros RZ, Calcif Tissue Int 37: 194-197,1985) And a method using a synthesizer (a three-flow tube) disclosed in Patent Document 6. Further, it can be prepared by a mixing method. Specifically, for example, an OCP can be obtained by mixing a sodium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution and a calcium acetate aqueous solution under appropriate conditions, and collecting the generated precipitate. Obtainable. The OCP obtained from the precipitate is preferably dried, pulverized using an electric mill or the like, and used as a particulate powder. The particle size is preferably in the range of 10 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 300 to 500 ⁇ m. The particle size can be classified according to the size of the sieve opening by a sieving method.
- the origin and properties of collagen are not particularly limited, and various collagens can be used.
- an enzyme-solubilized collagen obtained by solubilization with a proteolytic enzyme (for example, pepsin, pronase, etc.) from which telopeptide is removed is used.
- type of collagen type I, type II, type III and type IV collagen which are fibrous collagens are preferable, and type I collagen contained in a large amount in the living body or a mixture of type I and type III collagen is particularly preferable.
- Collagen derived from skins, bones, tendons, etc. of pigs and cows can be preferably used. Since collagen is a biological component, it has the feature of high safety. In particular, enzyme-solubilized collagen is preferable because it has low allergenicity.
- a commercial product may be used as the collagen.
- the mixing ratio of OCP and collagen can be adjusted as appropriate according to the desired shape imparting property, operability, biocompatibility, and the like.
- the blending ratio of OCP to 1 part by weight of collagen is preferably 0.5 to 35 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight, still more preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight. If the OCP is less than 0.5 with respect to the collagen 1, the resulting bone composite may have poor bone regeneration function, and if it exceeds 35 parts by weight, the shape impartability may be lowered.
- the bending strength of the porous composite of the present invention is preferably 0.05 to 0.16 MPa. More preferably, it is 0.08 to 0.16 MPa.
- the bending strength exceeds 0.16 MPa, easy processing with tweezers or the like tends to be difficult. That is, when a doctor fills a bone defect with a porous composite, it is necessary to adjust the porous composite to an appropriate size according to the size of the defect. If there is, it can be easily cut by applying an appropriate stress with tweezers or the like.
- the bending strength is less than 0.05 MPa, it tends to break easily and tends to cause damage after surgery.
- the bending strength in the present invention is measured by the following method.
- a three-point bending test is performed as shown in FIG.
- the crosshead of the tensile / compression tester is lowered at a speed of 10 mm / min until the sample breaks.
- “the sample broke” means a point where the load rapidly decreases in the stress-strain curve as shown in FIG.
- the bending strength ( ⁇ ) in the present invention is expressed by Equation 1 from the load at break of the sample, the size of the sample, and the distance between fulcrums.
- ⁇ 3FL / 2bh 2 (Formula 1)
- ⁇ Bending strength (Pa)
- F Load at break (N)
- L Distance between fulcrums (mm)
- b Width of sample (mm)
- h sample thickness (mm)
- the compressive strength of the porous composite of the present invention is preferably 0.3 MPa or more, more preferably 0.3 to 3.0 MPa, still more preferably 0.3 to 1.0 MPa.
- the compressive strength is less than 0.3 MPa, the operability of the porous composite tends to decrease. That is, when the bone composite part is filled with the porous composite of the present invention, if the composite is collapsed or the pores are crushed, the subsequent bone regeneration is adversely affected.
- a doctor performs a procedure of filling a porous composite without gaps using a jig to a bone defect portion having various shapes, the composite does not collapse or collapses pores.
- the index shown is a compressive strength of 0.3 MPa or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly defined, but is preferably 3.0 MPa or less from the viewpoint of ease of operation when filling the bone defect.
- the compressive strength in the present invention is measured by the following method.
- Compressive strength measurement A cylindrical sample (sample) having a diameter of 8.5 mm and a length of 15 mm in an environment of temperature: 25 ° C. and humidity: 65% was subjected to phosphate buffered saline (10 mM sodium phosphate, 0.14 M sodium chloride, pH 7.4). ) For 30 minutes. Thereafter, water on the sample surface is wiped lightly, and a uniaxial load is applied in the vertical direction of the cylinder using a tensile / compression tester (load cell capacity: 1 kN). And the minimum load which a sample collapses when changing a load in steps is made into the load at the time of collapse. “A sample collapse was observed” means that it was confirmed that a clear crack or peeling occurred when the sample was observed with the naked eye.
- the crosshead 42 equipped with the flat compression jig was lowered at a speed of 10 mm / min, and the load cell showed 2.5N.
- the crosshead 42 is stopped and the load is released. Observe the sample on the sample stage, and if it has not collapsed, return the sample to the sample stage and set it again, and similarly lower the crosshead until the load cell shows 5N. This operation is repeated by increasing the load by 2.5N, and the load when the sample collapse is recognized for the first time is defined as the collapse load.
- the compressive strength in the present invention is expressed by Formula 2 from the collapse load and the cross-sectional area of the sample (cross-sectional area in a cross section perpendicular to the thickness direction of the cylinder).
- Cs F / S (Formula 2)
- the porous composite of the present invention preferably has a pore size of 3 to 90 ⁇ m.
- the pore diameter exceeds 90 ⁇ m, the compressive strength of the porous composite tends to decrease.
- the pore diameter is less than 3 ⁇ m, invasion of bone metabolic cells such as osteoblasts is difficult to occur, and the bone regeneration promoting action may be reduced.
- a more preferable pore size of the porous composite of the present invention is 5 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the pore diameter is measured by using a pore distribution measurement with a mercury porosimeter, and is specifically measured by the following method. (Pore diameter measurement) As a pretreatment, the sample is dried at 120 ° C. for 4 hours. With respect to each sample after the pretreatment, a pore distribution with a pore diameter of 0.0018 to 200 ⁇ m is obtained under the following conditions by mercury porosimetry using the following measuring apparatus.
- the pore diameter in the invention is a value of a pore diameter showing a maximum value of a peak having the largest area in a pore distribution curve obtained from a measurement pressure by a mercury intrusion method.
- the porosity (porosity) of the porous composite is preferably 80 to 99%, more preferably 85 to 98%.
- the shape of the porous composite of the present invention is preferably a rectangular parallelepiped (block body), a cylindrical body or a tablet, or a granule.
- the size of the rectangular parallelepiped is preferably 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm ⁇ 5 mm or more, and generally the upper limit is preferably within a range of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm.
- a rectangular parallelepiped is not limited to a cube.
- the diameter is preferably 5 to 50 mm, and the height is preferably in the range of 1 to 50 mm.
- the shape is not limited to a sphere and may be an indeterminate shape, but the diameter is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm.
- the porous composite of the present invention is used by filling a bone defect part.
- the porous composite is cut as it is or in an appropriate shape. Can be compensated. If sufficient blood or the like is not found in the bone defect part or the porous complex cannot be compensated for in its original shape, the porous complex is immersed in blood or physiological saline so that the porous complex is sponge-like. It is possible to make up for the bone defect after confirming that the elasticity is high.
- the manufacturing method of the porous composite of the present invention is preferably a manufacturing method in which OCP and collagen are mixed, and the following manufacturing method can be used.
- the method of depositing OCP on collagen by a known coprecipitation method or the like the bending strength becomes excessively high and easy processing may be difficult.
- (A) Method of mixing and mixing OCP First, the concentration is adjusted to 0.1 to 5% by weight and the pH is adjusted to 6.0 to 9.0, and OCP is added to the gelled collagen solution and kneaded. To make a mixture of OCP and collagen. Then, the mixture is added to an appropriate mold, molded, frozen, and lyophilized to obtain a composite. The obtained complex is subjected to thermal dehydration crosslinking treatment as necessary, and further sterilized by a conventional sterilization method (for example, ⁇ -ray irradiation, electron beam irradiation, ethylene oxide gas, etc.).
- a conventional sterilization method for example, ⁇ -ray irradiation, electron beam irradiation, ethylene oxide gas, etc.
- a collagen-containing liquid is prepared by preparing a liquid containing collagen so that the ionic strength is 0.005 to 0.06 and the pH is 6.0 to 9.0. It is preferable to include a step of preparing a sol or liquid.
- the ionic strength is more preferably 0.005 to 0.05. More preferably, the pH is 6.5 to 8.0.
- this step is performed before adding OCP, and in the method (b), this step is performed after adding OCP to prepare an OCP / collagen suspension.
- the ionic strength and pH can be adjusted by adding a conventional buffer or salt to a liquid in which collagen is dissolved in distilled water.
- examples of the buffer include an acetate buffer, a phosphate buffer, a Tris buffer, a MES buffer that is a good buffer, and a HEPES buffer.
- examples of the salts include sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride, sodium hydroxide, dilute hydrochloric acid and the like.
- collagen is known to self-organize (fibrosis) efficiently under physiological conditions (ionic strength is about 0.2, pH around 7.0).
- ionic strength is about 0.2, pH around 7.0.
- adjusting the ionic strength and pH of a liquid containing collagen within the predetermined range of the present invention is an important factor in determining the compressive strength and bending strength characteristics of the present porous composite. I found out.
- the method for producing a porous composite of the present invention includes a step of immersing a gel, sol or liquid containing OCP and collagen in a liquid refrigerant, rapidly freezing, and then freeze-drying.
- the liquid refrigerant is a liquid having a temperature lower than the freezing temperature of a gel, sol, or liquid containing eighth calcium phosphate and collagen, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and liquid nitrogen.
- the temperature of the liquid refrigerant is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower, and further preferably ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower.
- the pore diameter of the resulting porous composite can be reduced by rapidly freezing the gel, sol or liquid containing the eighth calcium phosphate and collagen by immersion in a liquid refrigerant.
- the porous composite of the present invention is preferably subjected to heat treatment or thermal dehydration crosslinking treatment.
- heat treatment a part of the OCP molecular structure is broken, and the invasion of bone-forming cells is likely to occur. Bone regeneration is promoted and collagen is cross-linked to improve shape retention.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 50 to 200 ° C, more preferably 60 to 180 ° C.
- the heat treatment is preferably performed under reduced pressure conditions.
- the pressure is preferably 0 to 3000 Pa, more preferably 0 to 300 Pa.
- the treatment time for the heat treatment is preferably 2 hours to 10 days, more preferably 12 hours to 5 days.
- the porous composite produced by the above method is excellent in that the speed of biodegradability can be controlled.
- biodegradability can be controlled by the ionic strength of the collagen suspension during the production of the porous composite. Since bone regeneration requires a period of several weeks to several months, it is preferable that the porous composite exists in the bone defect part for a long time and remains as a scaffold for bone regeneration. According to this production method, a porous composite that is not easily biodegradable can be provided. The degree of degradability can be evaluated by the solubilized protein ratio. Specifically, the porous complex is immersed in a 0.2 mg / ml collagenase solution, left at 37 ° C. for 72 hours, and then present in the solution.
- the solubilized collagen protein is subjected to BCA (Bicinchoninic® Acid) protein assay to measure the protein amount.
- BCA Bactinic® Acid
- the solubilized protein amount (%) can be determined by dividing the solubilized protein amount by the collagen weight of the original porous complex.
- the preferred solubilized protein ratio in the porous composite of the present invention is 1.5% to 4.0%.
- the present invention further relates to a bone regeneration material containing the above porous composite.
- the bone regeneration material can be used for bone defect repair in the dental and oral surgery region and the orthopedic region, craniotomy, bone defect repair after thoracotomy, and the like.
- bone replacement caused by periodontal disease, cyst cavity, atrophied alveolar ridge, jaw cleft, extraction fossa, etc.
- bone regeneration material consisting of a porous composite
- Excellent bone regeneration effect can be confirmed in weeks to months.
- bone regeneration caused by trauma such as bone defect after bone tumor resection and bone fracture can be compensated for in the bone defect part to promote bone regeneration.
- the bone regeneration material may contain, for example, cytokines having bone forming ability (bone morphogenetic protein -2, transforming growing factor ⁇ 1, etc.). Playback speed can be increased.
- cytokines having bone forming ability bone morphogenetic protein -2, transforming growing factor ⁇ 1, etc.
- the bone regeneration material can contain a compounding ingredient conventionally used in this field.
- a compounding ingredient conventionally used in this field.
- examples of such ingredients include bioabsorbable polymers (polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol copolymer, etc.) and bioabsorbable calcium phosphates other than OCP ( ⁇ -TCP, etc.). .
- Example 1 (1) Preparation of OCP First, 1 liquid and 2 liquids for OCP preparation were prepared as follows. [Part 1] 31.2 g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate was dissolved in 2500 g of distilled water to prepare Part 1. [Second liquid] 35.2 g of calcium acetate monohydrate was dissolved in 2500 g of distilled water to prepare two liquids.
- the precipitate formed in the mixed solution was filtered and collected using a membrane filter (pore size 3 ⁇ m, manufactured by Advantech Toyo Co., Ltd., A300A293C).
- the collected precipitate was dispersed in 1500 mL of distilled water, stirred for 15 minutes and washed. The same filtration and washing steps were repeated three more times.
- the washed precipitate was dried at 30 ° C. for 24 hours using a constant temperature dryer.
- the dried precipitate was pulverized with an electric mill and then classified into 300 to 500 ⁇ m using a sieve to obtain a powder.
- the obtained powder was sterilized by dry heat at 120 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the obtained OCP / collagen suspension was placed in a centrifuge bottle and centrifuged for 20 minutes at a centrifugal force of 7000 ⁇ g using a centrifuge (GRX-250, manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.). Next, the supernatant was discarded so that the collagen in the OCP / collagen suspension was 3% by weight, and an OCP / collagen composite gel was obtained.
- This is put into a plastic container having a cylindrical inner space (inner diameter 8.5 mm, volume of about 3.0 cm 3 ) or a plastic container having a rectangular parallelepiped inner space (10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 50 mm), and 230 ⁇ g Centrifugation was performed for 1 minute with centrifugal force to degas.
- the vessel was sealed and immersed in methanol cooled to ⁇ 80 ° C. in a large excess with respect to the volume of the object to be frozen and rapidly frozen.
- the frozen body was dried ( ⁇ 10 ° C., 48 hours) with a freeze dryer and shaped.
- this was heated at 150 ° C. under reduced pressure for 24 hours to carry out thermal dehydration crosslinking.
- the cylinder was cut with a knife to a thickness of 15 mm, and the rectangular parallelepiped was cut to 4 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 30 mm.
- electron beam irradiation (15 kGy) was performed for sterilization.
- the porous composite (OCP / collagen composite) of Example 1 was obtained.
- Example 2 porcine dermis-derived collagen (reduced-salt collagen) containing type I and type III collagen with a reduced NaCl content was used in the preparation of the porous composite. Otherwise, a porous composite (OCP / collagen composite) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- low-salt collagen was prepared by the following method. Preparation of low-salt collagen 1 part by weight of porcine dermis-derived collagen (NMP Collagen PS, manufactured by Nippon Ham Co.) containing type I and type III collagen was dissolved in 200 parts by weight of distilled water cooled to 4 ° C., and about 0.5% by weight % Collagen solution was obtained. NaCl contained in porcine dermis-derived collagen was 4% by weight.
- a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to the collagen aqueous solution to adjust the pH to about 8.0 to obtain a collagen suspension.
- the collagen suspension was placed in a centrifuge bottle, and centrifuged for 20 minutes at a centrifugal force of 7000 ⁇ g using a centrifuge (manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd., GRX-250).
- the collagen gel obtained by completely discarding the supernatant was frozen using a -35 ° C freezer.
- the frozen body was dried with a freeze dryer to obtain reduced salt collagen.
- NaCl contained in the low-salt collagen was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ashing), it was 1% by weight.
- Example 3 phosphate suspension physiological saline (PBS) was added to the collagen suspension of Example 1 to adjust the ionic strength to 0.05. Otherwise, a porous composite (OCP / collagen composite) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- PBS phosphate suspension physiological saline
- Comparative Example 1 1 part by weight of porcine dermis-derived collagen (NMP Collagen PS, manufactured by Nippon Ham Co.) containing type I and type III collagen is dissolved in 200 parts by weight of distilled water cooled to 4 ° C., and a collagen solution of about 0.5% by weight is prepared. Obtained. While maintaining the liquid temperature at 4 ° C., an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was added to the collagen aqueous solution to adjust the pH to about 7.4 to obtain a collagen suspension. To this, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was added to adjust the ionic strength to 0.1.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- Example 1 the OCP prepared in Example 1 (particle size: 300 to 500 ⁇ m) was added to the collagen suspension so that the OCP and collagen were in a weight ratio of 77:23, and then further stirred at room temperature for OCP / collagen suspension. A liquid was obtained.
- the obtained OCP / collagen suspension was placed in a centrifuge bottle and centrifuged for 20 minutes at a centrifugal force of 7000 ⁇ g using a centrifuge (GRX-250, manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.). Next, the supernatant was discarded so that the collagen in the OCP / collagen suspension was 3% by weight, and an OCP / collagen composite gel was obtained.
- This is put into a plastic container having a cylindrical inner space (inner diameter 8.5 mm, volume of about 3.0 cm 3 ) or a plastic container having a rectangular parallelepiped inner space (10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 50 mm), and 230 ⁇ g Centrifugation was performed for 1 minute with centrifugal force to degas.
- the vessel was sealed and immersed in methanol cooled to ⁇ 80 ° C. in a large excess with respect to the volume of the object to be frozen and rapidly frozen.
- the frozen body was dried ( ⁇ 10 ° C., 48 hours) with a freeze dryer and shaped.
- this was heated at 150 ° C. under reduced pressure for 24 hours to carry out thermal dehydration crosslinking.
- the cylinder was cut with a knife to a thickness of 15 mm, and the rectangular parallelepiped was cut to 4 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 30 mm.
- electron beam irradiation (15 kGy) was performed for sterilization. In this way, the porous composite (OCP / collagen composite) of Comparative Example 1 was obtained.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, the ionic strength of the collagen suspension of Comparative Example 1 was adjusted to 0.15 by adding phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Otherwise, a porous composite (OCP / collagen composite) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 3, a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added to an about 0.5 wt% collagen aqueous solution while maintaining the liquid temperature at 4 ° C., and a collagen suspension having a pH of about 7.4 and an ionic strength of 0.01 was obtained. . Further, the container containing the OCP / collagen composite gel was frozen in a freezer at -80 ° C. instead of being rapidly frozen by being immersed in methanol cooled to ⁇ 80 ° C. Otherwise, a porous composite (OCP / collagen composite) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1.
- the collagen suspension was homogenized, then placed in a centrifuge bottle, and centrifuged for 20 minutes with a centrifugal force (GRX-250, manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.) at a centrifugal force of 20000 ⁇ g. Next, the supernatant was discarded so that the collagen in the collagen suspension was 5% by weight, and a 5% by weight collagen gel was obtained.
- a centrifugal force GRX-250, manufactured by Tommy Seiko Co., Ltd.
- HA Hydroxyapatite
- Apatite HAP monoclinic manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was added to 5 wt% collagen gel so that the weight ratio of HA and collagen was 60:40, and then mixed with a spoon. This is put into a plastic container having a cylindrical inner space (inner diameter 8.5 mm, volume of about 3.0 cm 3 ) or a plastic container having a rectangular parallelepiped inner space (10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 50 mm), and 230 ⁇ g Centrifugation was performed for 1 minute with centrifugal force to degas.
- HA Hydroxyapatite
- the container was sealed and frozen in a ⁇ 20 ° C. freezer. After opening the container, the frozen body was dried ( ⁇ 10 ° C., 48 hours) with a freeze dryer and shaped. Next, this was heated at 150 ° C. under reduced pressure for 24 hours to carry out thermal dehydration crosslinking.
- the cylinder was cut with a knife to a thickness of 15 mm, and the rectangular parallelepiped was cut to 4 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 30 mm. Finally, electron beam irradiation (15 kGy) was performed for sterilization.
- the HA / collagen composite of Comparative Example 4 was obtained.
- Comparative Example 5 In Comparative Example 5, a 5 wt% collagen gel was obtained by centrifugal concentration, then homogenized again, and similarly centrifuged for 20 minutes at a centrifugal force of 20000 ⁇ g. Finally, the supernatant was discarded so that the collagen in the collagen suspension was 10% by weight, and a 10% by weight collagen gel was obtained. Hydroxyapatite (HA) (Apatite HAP, monoclinic) manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. was added to 10 wt% collagen gel so that the weight ratio of HA and collagen was 20:80, and then mixed with a spoon. Except for this point, the HA / collagen composite of Comparative Example 5 was obtained in the same manner as Comparative Example 4.
- HA Hydroxyapatite
- Example 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 three samples were prepared in each Example and Comparative Example.
- the bending strength and the compressive strength were measured for each sample, and the average values thereof were obtained.
- the measurement of the bending strength and compressive strength in an Example was specifically performed by the following method.
- the bending strength ( ⁇ ) in the present invention is expressed by Equation 4 from the load at break of the sample, the dimension of the sample, and the distance between fulcrums.
- ⁇ 3FL / 2bh 2 (Formula 4)
- ⁇ Bending strength (Pa)
- F Load at break (N)
- L Distance between fulcrums (mm)
- b Width of sample (mm)
- h sample thickness (mm)
- the distance between fulcrums in this test was 20 mm.
- the crosshead 42 equipped with the flat compression jig is lowered at a speed of 10 mm / min, and the load cell shows 2.5N.
- the crosshead 42 is stopped to release the load.
- the load cell shows 5N.
- This operation was repeated by increasing the load by 2.5N, and the load when the sample collapsed for the first time was taken as the load at the time of collapse.
- disintegration of the sample means that it was confirmed that a clear crack or peeling occurred when the sample was observed with the naked eye.
- the compressive strength in the present invention is expressed by Equation 5 from the collapse load and the cross-sectional area of the sample (cross-sectional area in a cross section perpendicular to the thickness direction of the cylinder).
- Cs F / S (Formula 5)
- Table 1 shows the measurement results of bending strength and compressive strength for the above Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the samples of Examples 1 to 3 have a flexural strength of 0.05 to 0.16 MPa and a compressive strength of 0.3 MPa or more. Compared with, it was excellent in workability and handleability.
- the samples of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 have a compressive strength of 0.3 MPa or more and are easy to handle. However, since the ionic strength at the time of collagen fibrillation is high, the bending strength is higher than 0.16 MPa. It was difficult to process.
- the sample of Comparative Example 3 has a moderate bending strength and can achieve easy processing. However, when the composite gel of OCP and collagen is frozen, slow gas phase cooling by a refrigerator is used.
- the compressive strength was less than 0.3 MPa, resulting in poor handleability. Since the samples of Comparative Examples 4 and 5 have high ionic strength at the time of collagen fibrillation, the bending strength is higher than 0.16 MPa, and when the composite gel of HA and collagen is frozen, the gas phase is slowly cooled by a refrigerator. Therefore, the compressive strength was less than 0.3 MPa, and there were difficulties in workability and handleability.
- Example 1 (Degradability measurement) About each sample of Example 1, Example 3, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, a sample obtained by cutting a cylindrical body into a thickness of about 10 mm was immersed in a collagenase solution, and the ratio of collagen solubilized protein was measured. The biodegradability of the porous composite was measured.
- Example 3 a sample obtained by cutting a cylindrical body into a thickness of about 10 mm was added to a 0.2 mg / mL collagenase type I solution ( It was immersed in Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (180Unit / mg), and left still at 37 degreeC for 72 hours.
- a mixture consisting only of a collagenase solution in which the sample was not immersed was allowed to stand at 37 ° C. for 72 hours.
- a BCA protein assay kit (Thermo SCIENTIFIC, Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit) is used and 570 nm by a microplate reader (BIO-RAD, iMark).
- the amount of supernatant protein ( ⁇ g) was quantified.
- the standard substance used was bovine serum albumin.
- the quantified amount of the supernatant protein was divided by the collagen weight (mg) contained in the sample to determine the solubilized protein ratio (%).
- the collagen weight was obtained by multiplying the weight of a cylinder of about 10 mm by 0.23. The results are shown in Table 2.
- porous composite of the present invention and the bone regeneration material containing the same have both excellent processability and mechanical strength and excellent operability, and have high bone regeneration ability, mainly dental and oral surgery It is useful for bone defect repair in the area and orthopedic area.
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Abstract
Description
[2] 気孔径が3~90μmである、[1]に記載の多孔質複合体。
[3] コラーゲンがタイプI又はタイプIとタイプIIIの混合物である、[1]又は[2]に記載の多孔質複合体。
(1)コラーゲンを含む液体を、イオン強度が0.005~0.06であり、pHが6.0~9.0となるよう調製し、コラーゲンを含むゲル、ゾル又は液体を調製する工程、及び
(2)前記コラーゲンを含むゲル、ゾル又は液体と第8リン酸カルシウムを混合した懸濁液を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、多孔質複合体の製造方法。
(1)コラーゲンを含む液体と第8リン酸カルシウムを混合した懸濁液を得る工程、及び
(2)前記懸濁液を、イオン強度が0.005~0.06、pHが6.0~9.0に調整する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、多孔質複合体の製造方法。
本発明の多孔質複合体は、OCPとコラーゲンとを含む多孔質の複合体(OCP/コラーゲン複合体)である。本発明の多孔質複合体の好ましい態様は、コラーゲンが3次元のスポンジ状構造を形成し、OCPが該スポンジ状構造中に少なくとも100μm以上の顆粒として存在している多孔質複合体である。本発明の多孔質複合体からなる骨再生材料は、多孔質体構造によって、多孔質内部に骨芽細胞が侵入し、新生骨の形成を促進する内部骨形成を実現している。
(曲げ強度測定)
温度:25℃、湿度:65%の環境下、図1に示す、厚さ(h)4mm、幅(b)10mm、長さ30mmの直方体状試料(サンプル)をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(10mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.14M塩化ナトリウム、pH7.4)に30分間浸漬する。その後、サンプル表面の水気を軽く拭い、引張・圧縮試験機(ロードセル容量:1kN)の支持台(支持台の半径R1=5mm)に、支点間距離(L)が20mmとなるようサンプルをセットする。サンプルに荷重を加える治具である圧子は、半径R2=5mmの圧子を用いる。本測定は、図2に示すように、三点曲げ試験を行う。次いで、引張・圧縮試験機のクロスヘッドをサンプルが破断するまで10mm/minの速度で下げる。なお、本試験において、「サンプルが破断した」とは、図3に示すように、応力-ひずみ曲線において荷重が急激に低下する点を意味する。
σ=3FL/2bh2 (式1)
σ:曲げ強度(Pa)
F:破断時荷重(N)
L:支点間距離(mm)
b:サンプルの幅(mm)
h:サンプルの厚さ(mm)
(圧縮強度測定)
温度:25℃、湿度:65%の環境下、直径8.5mm、長さ15mmの円柱状試料(サンプル)をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(10mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.14M塩化ナトリウム、pH7.4)に30分間浸漬する。その後、サンプル表面の水気を軽く拭い、引張・圧縮試験機(ロードセル容量:1kN)を用いて、円柱の上下方向に単軸荷重を負荷する。そして、段階的に荷重を変化させたときにサンプルが崩壊する最小荷重を崩壊時荷重とする。「サンプルの崩壊を認めた」とは、試料を肉眼で観察した時に明確な亀裂または剥がれが生じていることが確認されたことを意味する。
Cs=F/S (式2)
Cs:圧縮強度(Pa)
F :崩壊時荷重(N)
S :サンプルの断面積(m2)
なお、サンプルの断面積は、およそ(0.00425)2×3.14=5.67×10-5m2である。
(気孔径測定)
前処理として、サンプルを120℃で4時間恒温乾燥する。前処理後の各サンプルについて、以下の測定装置を用いた水銀圧入法により、以下の条件で細孔径0.0018~200μmの細孔分布を求める。
測定装置:オートポアIV9520(micromeritics社製)
測定条件:サンプルと水銀の接触角:140deg
水銀の表面張力0.48N/m(1dyne=10-5Nで換算)
発明における気孔径とは、水銀圧入法による測定圧力から得られた細孔分布曲線において、最も大きな面積を有するピークの極大値を示す細孔直径の値である。
気孔率(%)= 全細孔容積/{(1/見かけ密度)+全細孔容積}×100
本発明の多孔質複合体の製造方法は、OCPとコラーゲンを混合する製造方法が好ましく、下記のような製造方法を用いることができる。公知の共沈法などによりOCPをコラーゲンに析出させて複合化する方法は、曲げ強度が過度に高くなり容易な加工が困難となるおそれがある。
まず、濃度を0.1~5重量%、pHを6.0~9.0に調製し、ゲル化したコラーゲン溶液にOCPを添加し、混練してOCPとコラーゲンの混合物を作製する。次いで、当該混合物を適当な型に加えて成型し、凍結し、凍結乾燥することにより複合体を得る。得られた当該複合体は、必要に応じて、熱脱水架橋処理を施し、更に、慣用の滅菌法(例えば、γ線照射、電子線照射、エチレンオキサイドガス等)により滅菌する。
適当な濃度のコラーゲン酸性溶液を、適当な緩衝液(例えば、リン酸緩衝液、トリス緩衝液、酢酸ナトリウム緩衝液等)で無菌的にpH5.5~7.5に調整し、コラーゲンがゲル化する前にOCPを添加して、コラーゲンとOCPの懸濁液を調製する。その後、pHを中性から弱アルカリ性に保持した状態で型に流し込み、形状を付与した後、適当な温度(例えば37℃)でゲル化させ、水洗浄を繰り返して緩衝液の塩などを除去して複合担体とし、上記と同様に凍結乾燥および滅菌処理する。
μ=1/2Σ(cizi 2) (式3)
μ:イオン強度
ci:イオンのモル濃度
zi:イオンの電荷
例えば、後述する実施例1において存在する電解質は、コラーゲンに含有されるNaClおよびpH調整で生じたNaClの合計0.01MのNaClのみであったので、イオン強度は、1/2×(0.01×12+0.01×12)=0.01である。
本発明は、さらに上記の多孔質複合体を含む骨再生材料に関する。骨再生材料は歯科口腔外科領域、整形外科領域における骨欠損修復、開頭、開胸術後の骨欠損修復などに用いることができる。例えば、歯科口腔外科領域においては、歯周病、嚢胞腔、萎縮歯槽堤、顎裂部、抜歯窩等により生じた骨欠損に対し、多孔質複合体からなる骨再生材料を補填することにより、数週間から数ヶ月には優れた骨再生効果が確認できる。整形外科領域においては、例えば骨腫瘍切除後の骨欠損、骨折等外傷により生じた骨欠損に対し、本骨再生材料を骨欠損部に補填し、骨再生を促進することができる。
(1)OCPの調製
まず、OCP調製用の1液および2液を次の通り調製した。
[1液]リン酸二水素ナトリウム二水和物31.2gを蒸留水2500gに溶解し、1液を調製した。
[2液]酢酸カルシウム一水和物35.2gを蒸留水2500gに溶解し、2液を調製した。
I型及びIII型コラーゲンを含むブタ真皮由来コラーゲン(日本ハム社製、NMPコラーゲンPS)1重量部を4℃に冷却した蒸留水200重量部に溶解し、約0.5重量%のコラーゲン溶液を得た。液温を4℃に保ちながらコラーゲン水溶液に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加え、pHを約7.4に調整しコラーゲン懸濁液を得た。このとき、コラーゲン懸濁液のイオン強度は約0.01であった。次いで、コラーゲン懸濁液にOCP(粒径300~500μm)をOCPとコラーゲンが重量比で77:23となるように加えた後、室温でさらに撹拌しOCP/コラーゲン懸濁液を得た。
実施例2では、多孔質複合体の調製の際に、NaCl含量を減じたI型及びIII型コラーゲンを含むブタ真皮由来コラーゲン(減塩コラーゲン)用いた。それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法により多孔質複合体(OCP/コラーゲン複合体)を得た。なお、減塩コラーゲンは、下記の方法で調製した。
減塩コラーゲンの調製
I型及びIII型コラーゲンを含むブタ真皮由来コラーゲン(日本ハム社製、NMPコラーゲンPS)1重量部を4℃に冷却した蒸留水200重量部に溶解し、約0.5重量%のコラーゲン溶液を得た。ブタ真皮由来コラーゲンに含有されるNaClは4重量%であった。液温を4℃に保ちながらコラーゲン水溶液に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加え、pHを約8.0に調整しコラーゲン懸濁液を得た。次に、コラーゲン懸濁液を遠心瓶に入れ、遠心分離機(トミー精工社製、GRX-250)を用い7000×gの遠心力で20分間遠心した。上清を完全に廃棄して得たコラーゲンゲルを-35℃の冷凍庫を用いて凍結した。凍結体を凍結乾燥機により乾燥し、減塩コラーゲンを得た。減塩コラーゲンに含有されるNaClを原子吸光光度法(灰化)で測定すると、1重量%であった。
実施例3では、実施例1のコラーゲン懸濁液を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)を加えてイオン強度を0.05に調整した。それ以外は実施例1と同じ方法により多孔質複合体(OCP/コラーゲン複合体)を得た。
I型及びIII型コラーゲンを含むブタ真皮由来コラーゲン(日本ハム社製、NMPコラーゲンPS)1重量部を4℃に冷却した蒸留水200重量部に溶解し、約0.5重量%のコラーゲン溶液を得た。液温を4℃に保ちながらコラーゲン水溶液に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加え、pHを約7.4に調整しコラーゲン懸濁液を得た。これにリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)を加えてイオン強度を0.1に調整した。次いで、コラーゲン懸濁液に実施例1で作製したOCP(粒径300~500μm)をOCPとコラーゲンが重量比で77:23となるように加えた後、室温でさらに撹拌しOCP/コラーゲン懸濁液を得た。
比較例2では、比較例1のコラーゲン懸濁液を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)を加えてイオン強度を0.15に調整した。それ以外は比較例1と同じ方法により多孔質複合体(OCP/コラーゲン複合体)を得た。
比較例3では、液温を4℃に保ちながら約0.5重量%コラーゲン水溶液に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加え、pHが約7.4、イオン強度が0.01のコラーゲン懸濁液を得た。さらに、OCP/コラーゲン複合ゲルを入れた容器を、-80℃に冷却したメタノールに浸漬して急速に凍結する代わりに、-80℃の冷凍庫に入れ凍結した。それ以外は比較例1と同じ方法により多孔質複合体(OCP/コラーゲン複合体)を得た。
ヒドロキシアパタイト/コラーゲン複合体の調製
I型及びIII型コラーゲンを含むブタ真皮由来コラーゲン(日本ハム社製、NMPコラーゲンPS)を4℃に冷却した蒸留水に溶解し、約0.8重量%のコラーゲン溶液を得た。このコラーゲン溶液に、等量のリン酸水素2ナトリウムおよび塩化ナトリウムの混合液(30mM Na2HPO4、70mM NaCl)を加え、撹拌し、コラーゲン懸濁液を得た。このとき、コラーゲン懸濁液のイオン強度は約0.07であった。
比較例5では、遠心濃縮により5重量%コラーゲンゲルを得た後、これを再度ホモジナイズし、同様に20000×gの遠心力で20分間遠心した。最後に、コラーゲン懸濁液中のコラーゲンが10重量%となるように上清を廃棄し、10重量%コラーゲンゲルを得た。10重量%コラーゲンゲルに、ヒドロキシアパタイト(HA)(和光純薬工業社製、Apatite HAP,monoclinic)をHAとコラーゲンが重量比で20:80となるように加えた後、薬さじで混合した。それ以外の点は、比較例4と同様にして、比較例5のHA/コラーゲン複合体を得た。
温度:25℃、湿度:65%の環境下、図1に示す厚さ(h):4mm、幅(b):10mm、長さ:30mmの直方体状試料を、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(10mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.14M塩化ナトリウム、pH7.4)に30分間浸漬した。その後、サンプル表面の水気を軽く拭い、精密万能試験機(オートグラフAGS-J、株式会社島津製作所製、ロードセル容量:1kN)を用いて、図2に示すように荷重を負荷した。得られた応力-ひずみ曲線より曲げ強度を求めた。
σ=3FL/2bh2 (式4)
σ:曲げ強度(Pa)
F:破断時荷重(N)
L:支点間距離(mm)
b:サンプルの幅(mm)
h:サンプルの厚さ(mm)
なお、本試験における支点間距離は、20mmであった。
温度:25℃、湿度:65%の環境下、直径8.5mm、長さ15mmの円柱状試料をリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(10mMリン酸ナトリウム、0.14M塩化ナトリウム、pH7.4)に30分間浸漬した。その後、試料表面の水気を軽く拭い、精密万能試験機(オートグラフAGS-J、株式会社島津製作所製、ロードセル容量:1kN)を用いて、図4に示すように単軸荷重を負荷した。そして、段階的に荷重を変化させたときにサンプルが崩壊する最小荷重を崩壊時荷重とした。
Cs=F/S (式5)
Cs:圧縮強度(Pa)
F :崩壊時荷重(N)
S :サンプルの断面積(m2)
なお、サンプルの断面積は、およそ(0.00425)2×3.14=5.67×10-5m2であった。
比較例1および2のサンプルは、圧縮強度が0.3MPa以上で取扱性は十分であるが、コラーゲン線維化時のイオン強度が高いため、曲げ強度が0.16MPaより高くなっており、容易に加工することが困難であった。
比較例3のサンプルは、曲げ強度が適度な値であり、容易な加工を達成することは可能であるが、OCPとコラーゲンの複合ゲル凍結の際に、冷凍機による緩慢な気相冷却を用いているため、圧縮強度が0.3MPa未満となり取扱性に劣る結果となった。
比較例4および5のサンプルは、コラーゲン線維化時のイオン強度が高いため、曲げ強度が0.16MPaより高く、また、HAとコラーゲンの複合ゲル凍結の際に、冷凍機による緩慢な気相冷却を用いているため、圧縮強度が0.3MPa未満となり加工性および取扱性に難があった。
実施例1、実施例3、比較例1、比較例2の各サンプルについて、円柱体を厚さ約10mmにカットしたサンプルをコラゲナーゼ溶液に浸漬し、コラーゲンの可溶化タンパクの割合を測定して、多孔質複合体の生分解性を測定した。
の相関があり、イオン強度が高いほどコラゲナーゼによる分解を受け易い傾向があることが示された。多孔質複合体の分解性を抑制することで、骨欠損部に骨再生のための足場として長く留まることができ、より骨再生を促進する効果が期待される。
2 圧縮試験用サンプル
21 支持台
22 圧子
41 試料台
42 クロスヘッド
Claims (8)
- 第8リン酸カルシウムとコラーゲンとを含み、曲げ強度が0.05~0.16MPaであり、圧縮強度が0.3MPa以上である多孔質複合体。
- 気孔径が3~90μmである、請求項1に記載の多孔質複合体。
- コラーゲンがタイプI又はタイプIとタイプIIIの混合物である、請求項1又は2に記載の多孔質複合体。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の多孔質複合体を含む骨再生材料。
- 第8リン酸カルシウムとコラーゲンとを含む多孔質複合体の製造方法であって、
(1)コラーゲンを含む液体を、イオン強度が0.005~0.06であり、pHが6.0~9.0となるよう調製し、コラーゲンを含むゲル、ゾル又は液体を調製する工程、及び
(2)前記コラーゲンを含むゲル、ゾル又は液体と第8リン酸カルシウムを混合した懸濁液を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、多孔質複合体の製造方法。 - さらに、(3)前記懸濁液を液体冷媒に浸漬し急速凍結した後に、凍結乾燥する工程を含む、請求項5に記載の多孔質複合体の製造方法。
- 第8リン酸カルシウムとコラーゲンとを含む多孔質複合体の製造方法であって、
(1)コラーゲンを含む液体と第8リン酸カルシウムを混合した懸濁液を得る工程、及び
(2)前記懸濁液を、イオン強度が0.005~0.06、pHが6.0~9.0に調整する工程、
を含むことを特徴とする、多孔質複合体の製造方法。 - さらに、(3)前記懸濁液を液体冷媒に浸漬し急速凍結した後に、凍結乾燥する工程を含む、請求項7に記載の多孔質複合体の製造方法。
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US15/564,476 US20180078676A1 (en) | 2015-04-08 | 2016-04-06 | Porous composite, bone regeneration material, and method for producing porous composite |
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EP3348286A4 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-08-22 | Toyobo Co., Ltd. | Porous complex and bone regeneration material |
JP7412700B2 (ja) | 2020-01-23 | 2024-01-15 | 東洋紡株式会社 | 多孔質複合体 |
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