WO2016158805A1 - 3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ - Google Patents
3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016158805A1 WO2016158805A1 PCT/JP2016/059775 JP2016059775W WO2016158805A1 WO 2016158805 A1 WO2016158805 A1 WO 2016158805A1 JP 2016059775 W JP2016059775 W JP 2016059775W WO 2016158805 A1 WO2016158805 A1 WO 2016158805A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/25—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/27—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means for conversion of frequency
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M5/297—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal for conversion of frequency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a three-phase / single-phase matrix converter that can directly convert three-phase AC power to high-frequency single-phase AC power with high accuracy.
- a power converter that converts AC power directly into AC power without converting it into DC power is generally known as a matrix converter.
- the matrix converter has one stage of switching elements to be converted.
- the efficiency can be increased compared to a power converter that combines a converter and an inverter, and since there is no circuit that handles DC voltage, a smoothing capacitor is not required, and the life of the device can be extended, thereby improving reliability. Can be high.
- Patent Document 1 describes an AC / DC power converter that converts three-phase AC power into single-phase AC power.
- This AC / DC power converter converts a three-phase AC voltage into a DC voltage by connecting a three-phase power source to a three-phase reactor and a diode rectifier, and converts the converted DC voltage into a single-phase AC voltage by an inverter. And is supplied to a coil as a load. That is, in Patent Document 1, an AC voltage is generated after converting an AC voltage into a DC voltage at one end without using a matrix converter.
- a three-phase AC waveform is converted into a DC voltage using a rectifier, so that a large-capacity smoothing capacitor is used to stably generate a DC voltage while suppressing ripples and the like.
- a smoothing circuit using is required.
- the input three-phase current waveform is distorted, so that it is necessary to provide a larger reactor on the input side. For this reason, an apparatus will enlarge.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a three-phase / single-phase matrix converter that can directly convert three-phase AC power into high-frequency single-phase AC power with high accuracy. To do.
- a three-phase / single-phase matrix converter directly converts input three-phase AC power into single-phase AC power and outputs it to a load.
- a bidirectional switch circuit for turning on / off the supply of the input three-phase AC power to the load, and the input to the input three-phase AC power
- a first carrier waveform pattern having a different pattern for each mode is generated at a predetermined switching period according to a plurality of modes divided according to the magnitude relationship of the voltages of each phase in the three-phase AC power, and the predetermined switching period
- a plurality of line voltage generators for selecting two phases of the inputted three-phase AC power from the first carrier waveform pattern and the first control signal corresponding to the input-side phase.
- a virtual AC / DC conversion process for obtaining a section is performed, and second carrier waveform patterns that differ according to the plurality of modes corresponding to the plurality of line voltage generation sections obtained by the virtual AC / DC conversion process are obtained.
- the generated second carrier waveform pattern and the second control signal corresponding to the phase on the output side A control unit that generates a switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit so as to perform different virtual DC / AC conversion processing according to the plurality of modes, and the predetermined switching period generates the single-phase AC power It is characterized by being an integral number of a half cycle of a single-phase AC signal used for the purpose.
- the second control signal includes a first square wave signal having the frequency of the single-phase AC signal and the first square wave. It is a second square wave signal obtained by inverting the signal.
- the control unit recognizes the maximum voltage phase, the minimum voltage phase, and the intermediate voltage phase in the input three-phase AC power,
- the plurality of line voltage generation intervals are divided into a first interval corresponding to the intermediate voltage phase and the minimum voltage phase, a second interval corresponding to the maximum voltage phase and the minimum voltage phase, and a maximum voltage phase and an intermediate voltage phase. It is characterized in that it is obtained separately in the corresponding third section.
- the second carrier waveform pattern has a mountain shape extending over two consecutive sections of the plurality of line voltage generation sections. It has a pattern in which the level changes.
- the second carrier waveform pattern has a larger voltage value of two voltage phases in each of the plurality of line voltage generation sections.
- the voltage phase is the + side phase and the voltage phase with a small voltage value is the-side phase
- the line voltage generation section is switched, if there is a phase common to the + side phase or the-side phase, it is switched 2
- there is a pattern in which the level continues in a mountain shape across the two line voltage generation sections and there is a phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase when the line voltage generation section switches , And having a pattern in which the level changes in a sawtooth shape at the boundary between the two line voltage generation sections to be switched.
- the control unit has each of the input three-phase AC power according to a plurality of modes classified according to the magnitude relationship of the voltage of each phase in the input three-phase AC power.
- a first carrier waveform pattern having a different pattern for each mode is generated at a predetermined switching period, and the first carrier waveform pattern and a first control signal corresponding to an input-side phase within the predetermined switching period, Performing a virtual AC / DC conversion process for obtaining a plurality of line voltage generation sections for selecting two phases of the inputted three-phase AC power, and the plurality of line voltages obtained by the virtual AC / DC conversion process
- a second carrier waveform pattern that differs according to the plurality of modes is generated corresponding to the generation interval, and is generated for the two-phase line voltage selected in the plurality of line voltage generation intervals.
- the switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit is changed so that different virtual DC / AC conversion processing corresponding to the plurality of modes is performed from the second carrier waveform pattern and the second control signal corresponding to the phase on the output side. Generate.
- the predetermined switching period is set to 1 / integer of a half period of the single-phase AC signal used for generating the single-phase AC power, the waveform of the output single-phase AC signal is hardly disturbed.
- the inputted three-phase AC power can be directly converted into high-frequency single-phase AC power with high accuracy.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration including a three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the bidirectional switch shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a plurality of modes recognized by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a time chart showing virtual AC / DC conversion processing and virtual DC / AC conversion processing in the mode m1 by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a time chart showing virtual AC / DC conversion processing and virtual DC / AC conversion processing in mode m2 by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart showing virtual AC / DC conversion processing and virtual DC / AC conversion processing in mode m3 by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing virtual AC / DC conversion processing and virtual DC / AC conversion processing in mode m4 by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing virtual AC / DC conversion processing and virtual DC / AC conversion processing in mode m5 by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a time chart showing virtual AC / DC conversion processing and virtual DC / AC conversion processing in mode m6 by the control unit shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration including a three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 receives three-phase AC power of R phase, S phase, and T phase from the three-phase AC power source PS via the power lines LR, LS, and LT,
- the input three-phase AC power is directly converted into single-phase AC power without being converted into DC power, and is output to the load LD via the power lines LU and LV.
- the single-phase AC power is power in which the line voltage between the U phase of the power line LU and the V phase of the power line LV becomes AC.
- the three-phase AC power and the single-phase AC power are different from each other in voltage and frequency.
- the frequency of the three-phase AC power is 50 Hz
- the frequency of the single-phase AC power is a high frequency in the 85 kHz band, for example.
- the single-phase AC signal is a square wave.
- the load LD is, for example, a single-phase coil for non-contact power feeding.
- the three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 includes an input capacitor 40, a bidirectional switch circuit 10, and a control unit 20.
- the input capacitor 40 has capacitors 41 to 43. Capacitors 41 to 43 have one end connected to the R phase, the S phase, and the T phase, respectively, and the other end connected in common. The input capacitor 40 reduces current / voltage ripple of each phase.
- the bidirectional switch circuit 10 turns ON / OFF the supply of the input three-phase AC power to the load LD so as to convert the input three-phase AC power into single-phase AC power.
- the bidirectional switch circuit 10 includes a bidirectional switch group SW.
- the bidirectional switch group SW includes six bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, STU, SRV, SSV, and STV.
- the bidirectional switch circuit 10 is controlled by the control unit 20 so that the six bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, STU, SRV, SSV, and STV are turned on / off at predetermined timings to input the three-phase signals. Convert AC power into single-phase AC power.
- the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, STU, SRV, SSV, and STV are closed when ON and supply power to the load LD side, and open when OFF and do not supply power to the load LD side.
- the bi-directional switch SRU turns on / off the connection between the R phase and the U phase.
- the bidirectional switch SSU turns on / off the connection between the S phase and the U phase.
- the bidirectional switch STU turns ON / OFF the connection between the T phase and the U phase.
- the bidirectional switch SRV turns ON / OFF the connection between the R phase and the V phase.
- the bidirectional switch SSV turns ON / OFF the connection between the S phase and the V phase.
- the bidirectional switch STV turns on / off the connection between the T phase and the V phase.
- Each bidirectional switch SRU, SSU, STU, SRV, SSV, STV is equivalent to, for example, the switch S shown in FIG.
- the switch S shown in FIG. 2A receives a switching signal from the control unit 20 via the control terminal CT, and turns on to connect the terminal T1 and the terminal T2, and turns off to cut off the terminal T1 and the terminal T2. .
- a current can flow in both directions between the terminal T1 and the terminal T2.
- the switch S shown in FIG. 2 (a) is an ideal switch. Since the elements that actually constitute the switch have a switching time, they are connected as shown in FIG. 2B or FIG. 2C in consideration of the open mode and the short-circuit mode when commutating. And may be configured.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 2B is, for example, a configuration realized by connecting elements EL1 and EL2 having a reverse blocking function in parallel.
- the elements EL1 and EL2 having the reverse blocking function may be, for example, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT).
- the terminals T1 ′ and T2 ′ correspond to the terminals T1 and T2 shown in FIG. 2A, respectively, and the control terminals CT1 ′ and CT1 ′ correspond to the control terminal CT shown in FIG. Yes.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 2C is a configuration realized by connecting elements EL11 and EL12 having no reverse blocking function in series, for example.
- the elements EL11 and EL12 having no reverse blocking function may be, for example, insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in which free-wheeling diodes are connected at both ends, or field effect transistors (FETs).
- IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
- FETs field effect transistors
- the terminal T1 ′′ corresponds to the terminal T1 shown in FIG. 2A.
- the terminal T2 ′′ corresponds to the terminal T2 shown in FIG.
- the control terminals CT1 ′′ and CT2 ′′ correspond to the control terminal CT shown in FIG.
- the control unit 20 generates a switching pattern of the bidirectional switch group SW in the bidirectional switch circuit 10.
- the control unit 20 performs a virtual AC / DC conversion process on the three-phase AC power input to the bidirectional switch circuit 10 and a virtual DC / AC conversion process on the power subjected to the virtual AC / DC conversion process.
- the switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit 10 (that is, the pattern of the switching signal) is generated.
- “performing virtual AC / DC conversion processing” means performing virtual AC / DC conversion processing virtually
- “performing virtual DC / AC conversion processing” means virtual DC / AC conversion. It means that the process is virtually performed.
- the control unit 20 has a plurality of modes (for example, the modes m1 to m shown in FIG. 3) that are divided according to the magnitude relationship of the voltage of each phase in the input three-phase AC power with respect to the input three-phase AC power.
- the switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit 10 is generated so as to perform different virtual AC / DC conversion processes for m6).
- the mode m1 is a phase interval from 0 ° to 60 ° with the start point (0 °) when the R-phase voltage is the maximum value (or when the S-phase voltage and the T-phase voltage intersect).
- the modes m2 to m6 are phase sections of 60 ° to 120 °, 120 ° to 180 °, 180 ° to 240 °, 240 ° to 300 °, and 300 ° to 360 °, respectively.
- the control unit 20 has a synchronization signal detection unit 21.
- the synchronization signal detection unit 21 detects an intersection where the voltage difference between the S phase and the T phase is 0, and sets the intersection phase as 0 °.
- the control unit 20 includes a first carrier waveform pattern generation unit 22.
- the first carrier waveform pattern generator 22 generates different first carrier waveform patterns for the plurality of modes m1 to m6, for example, the first carrier waveform patterns shown in FIGS.
- Carrier waveform patterns CW11 to CW13 are repeatedly generated every switching period T. That is, the first carrier waveform pattern generation unit 22 switches the first carrier waveform patterns CW11 to CW13 to be used for the virtual AC / DC conversion processing according to the modes m1 to m6 recognized by the synchronization signal detection unit 21. It is determined every period T.
- the control unit 20 includes a phase information generation unit 23. As shown in FIG. 4A, the phase information generation unit 23 performs first control corresponding to the first carrier waveform patterns CW11 to CW13 determined by the first carrier waveform pattern generation unit 22 and the phase on the input side. A plurality of virtual switching signals (R-phase pulse, S-phase pulse, T-phase pulse) in which each bidirectional switch SRU to STV virtually generates DC power according to the comparison result. Is generated. At the same time, the phase information generation unit 23 generates a plurality of line voltage generation intervals ⁇ TS corresponding to combinations of levels (High, Low) of virtual switching signals (R-phase pulse, S-phase pulse, T-phase pulse).
- phase information generation unit 23 obtains the selected + side phase and ⁇ side phase in the line voltage generation section ⁇ TS.
- the phase information generation unit 23 obtains a plurality of line voltage generation intervals ⁇ TS so that the average of the voltages between the selected two phases within the switching period T obtained in each mode m1 to m6 is equal.
- the phase information generation unit 23 virtually controls each bidirectional switch SRU to STV so that each bidirectional switch SRU to STV performs a virtual switching operation that generates DC power.
- AC / DC conversion processing virtual AC / DC conversion processing
- the virtual switching operation is a switching operation different from that actually performed by each of the bidirectional switches SRU to STV, but the virtual direct current in the middle of virtual AC / DC conversion ⁇ virtual DC / AC conversion.
- This is a switching operation that is considered to be performed virtually by each of the bidirectional switches SRU to STV in order to consider generating electric power.
- the process for generating virtual DC power in the middle stage is only virtual, and the process itself is not actually performed.
- control unit 20 switches the switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit 10 so as to perform different virtual DC / AC conversion processes for the plurality of modes m1 to m6 with respect to the power on which the virtual AC / DC conversion process has been performed. (Ie, the pattern of the switching signal) is controlled.
- the control unit 20 includes a second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generator 24 generates different second carrier waveform patterns (for example, the second carrier waveforms shown in FIGS. 4 to 9) according to the plurality of modes m1 to m6 recognized by the synchronization signal detector 21. Patterns CW21 to CW26) are generated.
- the control unit 20 controls the bidirectional switch circuit 10 so as to perform virtual DC / AC conversion processing using the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26. That is, the control unit 20 generates the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 corresponding to the plurality of line voltage generation sections ⁇ TS used for the virtual DC / AC conversion process according to the recognized modes m1 to m6.
- the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 are also repeatedly generated at the switching period T if they are in the same mode.
- the plurality of line voltage generation intervals ⁇ TS correspond to combinations of virtual switching signal levels. That is, the control unit 20 determines the second carrier waveform pattern according to the recognized mode and the combination of the levels of a plurality of switching signals in which each bidirectional switch SRU to STV virtually generates DC power.
- CW21 to CW26 are generated.
- the control unit 20 generates a second control signal that is a U-phase control signal RWa and a V-phase control signal RWb obtained by inverting the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the square wave signal generation unit 25 generates a single-phase AC signal RW of a high frequency wave, for example, a 85 kHz band square wave in synchronization with the modes m1 to m6 detected by the synchronization signal detection unit 21.
- the switching period T described above is 1 ⁇ 2 of the period of the single-phase AC signal RW. Further, the switching period T may be set to 1 / integer of a half period of the single-phase AC signal RW when the frequency of the single-phase AC signal RW is low. Furthermore, the switching period T is a period larger than the period of the switching frequency limit of the bidirectional switch group SW.
- the switching cycle T is preferably a short cycle. This is because by setting the switching period T to be short, the energy accumulation during conversion approaches zero.
- the voltage setting unit 50 inputs the voltage amplitude value Vh of the square-wave single-phase AC signal to be supplied to the load LD to the voltage regulator 53 as a voltage command.
- the full-wave rectifier 51 acquires the U-phase voltage and the V-phase voltage of the single-phase AC signal output by being connected to the power lines LU and LV, performs full-wave rectification, and outputs it to the filter circuit 52.
- the filter circuit 52 performs smoothing and noise removal, and outputs the voltage amplitude value V1 of the full-wave rectified single-phase AC signal to the voltage regulator 53.
- the voltage regulator 53 is, for example, a PI controller, and outputs a voltage control signal Vref corresponding to the deviation between the fed back voltage amplitude value V1 and the voltage amplitude value Vh to the multiplier 26.
- the multiplier 26 receives a single-phase AC signal RW from the square wave signal generator 25.
- the multiplier 26 multiplies the single-phase AC signal RW by the voltage control signal Vref, thereby generating a U-phase control signal RWa that adjusts the voltage amplitude value supplied to the load LD to approach the voltage amplitude value Vh.
- the U-phase control signal RWa is input to the negative side of the U-phase comparator CU. Further, the inverter 27 inverts the U-phase control signal RWa and inputs the inverted signal to the ⁇ side of the V-phase comparator CV as the V-phase control signal RWb.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 (CW21 to CW26) generated by the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 is input to each + side of the U-phase comparator CU and the V-phase comparator CV.
- the U-phase comparator CU compares the U-phase control signal RWa with the second carrier waveform pattern CW2, and outputs the comparison result to the switch control unit 28.
- the V-phase comparator CV compares the V-phase control signal RWb with the second carrier waveform pattern CW2, and outputs the comparison result to the switch control unit 28.
- the switch control unit 28 Based on the comparison result of the U-phase comparator CU, the switch control unit 28 performs PWM control on the selected two-phase voltage obtained by the R-phase pulse, the S-phase pulse, and the T-phase pulse in the line voltage generation period ⁇ TS.
- the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, ⁇ STU for switching the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, STU connected to are generated.
- the switch control unit 28 performs PWM control on the voltage between the selected two phases in the line voltage generation section ⁇ TS based on the comparison result of the V-phase comparator CV, and bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV connected to the V-phase. Switching signals ⁇ SRV, ⁇ SSV, and ⁇ STV are generated.
- the UV line voltage is supplied to the load LD as a rectangular-wave single-phase alternating current signal having a desired voltage amplitude value every switching period T.
- the control unit 20 causes each of the bidirectional switches SRU to STV to virtually perform DC / AC conversion processing (virtual DC / AC conversion processing).
- the synchronization signal detecting unit 21 recognizes six modes m1 to m6 as shown in FIG. 3 according to the magnitude relation of the detected AC voltage of each phase (R phase, S phase, T phase).
- the R phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the T phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the S phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- the current mode is the mode m1. recognize.
- the S phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the T phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the R phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- the S phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the T phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the R phase is the intermediate voltage phase
- the current mode is the mode m2. recognize.
- the S phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the R phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the T phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- the synchronization signal detection unit 21 recognizes that the S phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the R phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the T phase is the intermediate voltage phase
- the current mode is the mode m3. recognize.
- the T phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the R phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the S phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- the synchronization signal detection unit 21 recognizes that the T phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the R phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the S phase is the intermediate voltage phase
- the current mode is the mode m4. recognize.
- the T phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the S phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the R phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- the current mode is the mode m5. recognize.
- the R phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the S phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the T phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- the current mode is the mode m6. recognize.
- the synchronization signal detection unit 21 may recognize each of the modes m1 to m6 on the basis of the start point of the mode m1, which is the point at which the R-phase detection voltage is maximized.
- the single-phase AC voltage supplied to the load LD is a high-frequency square wave signal whose half cycle corresponds to the switching cycle T.
- the first carrier waveform pattern generation unit 22 uses a falling sawtooth wave W11 as the first carrier waveform pattern CW1 to be used for the virtual AC / DC conversion processing. And a first carrier waveform pattern CW11 having a rising sawtooth wave W12.
- the “falling sawtooth wave” refers to a sawtooth wave having a negative slope in which the amplitude decreases linearly with the passage of time, and the “rising sawtooth wave” A sawtooth wave having a positive slope whose amplitude increases linearly with the passage of time is assumed.
- the R-phase voltage a, the S-phase voltage b, and the T-phase voltage c directly detected by the synchronization signal detection unit 21 are input to the phase information generation unit 23.
- the phase information generation unit 23 estimates the R-phase voltage a, the S-phase voltage b, and the T-phase voltage c with reference to the start point of the mode m1, which is the point at which the R-phase detection voltage is maximized.
- the R-phase voltage a, the S-phase voltage b, and the T-phase voltage c are obtained for each switching period T and change as the switching period T elapses.
- FIG. 4 shows a case where the R phase voltage a, the S phase voltage b, and the T phase voltage c are present in adjacent switching periods T.
- the input or estimated R-phase voltage a, S-phase voltage b, and T-phase voltage c are obtained by standardizing the phase voltage between “ ⁇ 1” and “1”, respectively.
- the pulse of each phase in mode m1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b).
- the R phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the T phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the S phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- and the T-phase pulse width z T
- the timing when the R-phase pulse is turned on is obtained from the intersection of the R-phase voltage
- the R-phase pulse is turned on when the R-phase voltage
- the timing at which the T-phase pulse is turned off (the timing at which the section TS12 after the section TS11 ends) is obtained from the intersection of the T-phase voltage
- the T-phase pulse is turned ON when the T-phase voltage
- the intermediate phase pulse is turned ON when either the maximum voltage phase pulse or the minimum voltage phase pulse is OFF. Therefore, the S-phase pulse is obtained from the intersection between the R-phase voltage
- the widths of the line voltage generation sections TS11, TS12, and TS13 are T ⁇ (1 ⁇
- each of the S-phases in the line voltage generation sections TS11, TS12, TS13 , R phase and R phase are + side phases
- T phase, T phase and S phase are-side phases.
- the phase information generation unit 23 outputs the line voltage generation period ⁇ TS (TS11, TS12, TS13) to the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 and the switch control unit 28, and also + phase and ⁇ side.
- the phase is output to the switch control unit 28.
- the average of the DC voltage in the switching period T is obtained by integrating the DC voltage for each line voltage generation section TS11, TS12, TS13, adding them, and dividing by the switching period T.
- the input current in mode m1 will be described.
- a positive current proportional to the time of the R-phase voltage a flows.
- flows.
- the first carrier waveform pattern generator 22 In mode m2, as shown in FIG. 5A, the first carrier waveform pattern generator 22 generates a rising sawtooth wave W12 as the first carrier waveform pattern CW1 to be used for the virtual AC / DC conversion processing. A first carrier waveform pattern CW12 is determined.
- the pulse of each phase in mode m2 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b).
- the S phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the T phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the R phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- the phase information generator 23 turns on the time proportional to each potential in the maximum voltage phase and the minimum voltage phase without changing the ON / OFF order of the R, S, and T phase pulses.
- the ON / OFF timing of each phase pulse shown in FIG. 5B is generated.
- the widths of the line voltage generation sections TS21, TS22, and TS23 are T ⁇ (
- Inter-voltage ac
- SR voltage ba
- the voltage phase having a large level is defined as the + side phase
- the voltage phase having a small level as the ⁇ side phase is defined as the + side phase
- each of the S-phases in the line voltage generation sections TS21, TS22, TS23 , R phase and S phase are + side phases
- T phase, T phase and R phase are-side phases.
- the phase information generation unit 23 outputs the line voltage generation period ⁇ TS (TS21, TS22, TS23) to the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 and the switch control unit 28, and the + side phase and the ⁇ side.
- the phase is output to the switch control unit 28.
- the average of the DC voltage of the switching period T in the mode m2 can be expressed as the following equation (4).
- the equation (4) can be transformed into the following equation (5).
- the input current in mode m2 will be described.
- mode m2 since the S phase is the maximum voltage phase and the T phase is the minimum voltage phase, a positive current proportional to the time of the S phase voltage b flows in the S phase, and the T phase is proportional to the time of the T phase voltage c.
- Negative current flows.
- a negative current flows in the line voltage generation section TS22, and a positive current flows in the line voltage generation section TS23.
- the first carrier waveform pattern generator 22 uses a falling sawtooth wave W11 as a first carrier waveform pattern to be used for the virtual AC / DC conversion processing.
- a first carrier waveform pattern CW13 is determined.
- the phase information generation unit 23 acquires or estimates the R phase voltage a, the S phase voltage b, and the T phase voltage c according to the detection result of the synchronization signal detection unit 21.
- the pulse of each phase in mode m3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b).
- the S phase is the maximum voltage phase
- the R phase is the minimum voltage phase
- the T phase is the intermediate voltage phase.
- Using the (
- the widths of the line voltage generation sections TS31, TS32, and TS33 are T ⁇ (1 ⁇
- Inter-voltage ca
- SR inter-voltage ba
- the S phase , T phase and S phase are + side phases
- T phase, R phase and R phase are-side phases.
- the phase information generation unit 23 outputs the line voltage generation period ⁇ TS (TS31, TS32, TS33) to the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 and the switch control unit 28, and also + phase and ⁇ side.
- the phase is output to the switch control unit 28.
- the average of the DC voltage of the switching period T in the mode m3 can be expressed as the following equation (7).
- the equation (7) can be transformed into the following equation (8).
- Equation (8) can be transformed into the following Equation (9).
- Average of DC voltage of switching period T 3/2 (9)
- the average of the virtual DC voltage in the switching period T can be a constant voltage.
- a positive current proportional to the time of the S phase voltage b flows through the S phase of the maximum voltage phase.
- a negative current proportional to the time of the R phase voltage a flows in the R phase of the minimum voltage phase.
- a negative current flows in the line voltage generation section TS31, and a positive current flows in the line voltage generation section TS32.
- the virtual AC / DC conversion process in mode m4 is the same as the virtual AC / DC conversion process (see FIG. 4) in mode m1, as shown in FIG.
- the line voltage generation sections TS41, TS42, TS43 are also obtained in the same manner as in the mode m1.
- the T phase, T phase, and S phase are the + side phases
- the S phase, R phase, and R phase are the ⁇ side phases, respectively.
- the virtual AC / DC conversion process in mode m5 is the same as the virtual AC / DC conversion process in mode m2 (see FIG. 5), as shown in FIG.
- the line voltage generation sections TS51, TS52, TS53 are also obtained in the same manner as in the mode m2.
- the T phase, the T phase, and the R phase are the + side phases
- the S phase, the R phase, and the S phase are the ⁇ side phases, respectively.
- the virtual AC / DC conversion processing in mode m6 is the same as the virtual AC / DC conversion processing in mode m3 (see FIG. 6), as shown in FIG.
- the line voltage generation sections TS61, TS62, and TS63 are also obtained in the same manner as in the mode m3.
- the T phase, the R phase, and the R phase are positive side phases
- the S phase, the T phase, and the S phase are negative side phases, respectively.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 corresponds to the modes m1 to m6 and outputs the second carrier waveform pattern.
- a waveform pattern CW2 (CW21 to CW26) is generated.
- Second carrier waveform pattern CW2 is determined so as to have a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape across two continuous line voltage generation sections among a plurality of line voltage generation sections ⁇ TS.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 spans two line voltage generation sections to be switched when there are phases common to the + side phase or the ⁇ side phase when a plurality of line voltage generation sections ⁇ TS are switched.
- the line voltage generation section ⁇ TS is switched and there is a phase that reverses between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase when the line voltage generation section ⁇ TS switches, two line voltage generations that switch It is determined so as to have a pattern in which the level changes in a sawtooth shape at the boundary of the section ⁇ TS.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 uses the line voltage as the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 to be used for the virtual DC / AC conversion process.
- a second carrier waveform pattern CW21 having a rising sawtooth wave, a falling sawtooth wave, and a rising sawtooth wave in the order of the generation sections TS11, TS12, and TS13 is determined.
- the U-phase comparator CU compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 with the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the switch control unit 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, and STU connected to the U phase based on the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU. Switching of the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, and STU is equivalent to PWM control of the R-phase pulse, S-phase pulse, and T-phase pulse, respectively, with respect to the U-phase voltage.
- the switch control unit 28 at the time t1 when the comparison result of the U-phase comparator CU is larger than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 in the line voltage generation section TS11.
- the + side phase that is, the S phase is selected
- the switching signal ⁇ SSU is set to the ON level
- the other switching signals ⁇ SRU and ⁇ STU connected to the U phase are set to the OFF level.
- the switch control unit 28 determines that the comparison result of the U-phase comparator CU is between the time points t12 and t13 when the U-phase control signal RWa is smaller than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21. That is, the T phase is selected, the switching signal ⁇ STU is turned on, and the other switching signals ⁇ SRU and ⁇ SSU connected to the U phase are turned off.
- the switch control unit 28 when the comparison result of the U-phase comparator CU is larger than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 in the line voltage generation section TS12, the switch control unit 28 is the + side phase, that is, the R phase. And the switching signal ⁇ SRU is set to the ON level, and the other switching signals ⁇ SSU and ⁇ STU connected to the U phase are set to the OFF level.
- the switch control unit 28 selects the negative side phase, that is, the T phase when the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU is smaller than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21. Then, the switching signal ⁇ STU is set to the ON level and the other switching signals ⁇ SRU and ⁇ SSU connected to the U phase are set to the OFF level.
- the switch control unit 28 selects the + side phase, that is, the R phase, when the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU is larger than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21. Then, the switching signal ⁇ SRU is set to the ON level, and the other switching signals ⁇ SSU and ⁇ STU connected to the U phase are set to the OFF level. On the other hand, in the line voltage generation section TS13, the switch control unit 28 selects the negative side phase, that is, the S phase when the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU is smaller than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21. Then, the switching signal ⁇ SSU is set to the ON level and the other switching signals ⁇ SRU and ⁇ STU connected to the U phase are set to the OFF level.
- the V-phase comparator CV compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 with the V-phase control signal RWb.
- the switch control unit 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV connected to the V phase based on the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV.
- the switching of the bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV is equivalent to PWM control of the R-phase pulse, S-phase pulse, and T-phase pulse, respectively, with respect to the V-phase voltage. As shown in FIG.
- the switch control unit 28 at the time t1 when the comparison result of the V-phase comparator CV is larger than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 in the line voltage generation section TS11.
- the + side phase that is, the S phase is selected
- the switching signal ⁇ SSV is set to the ON level
- the other switching signals ⁇ SRV and ⁇ STV connected to the V phase are set to the OFF level.
- the switch control unit 28 determines that the comparison result of the V-phase comparator CV is between the time points t11 and t13 when the V-phase control signal RWb is smaller than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21. That is, the T phase is selected, the switching signal ⁇ STV is turned on, and the other switching signals ⁇ SRV and ⁇ SSV connected to the V phase are turned off.
- the switch control unit 28 when the comparison result of the V-phase comparator CV is larger than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21, the V-phase control signal RWb, Is selected and the switching signal ⁇ SRV is set to the ON level, and the other switching signals ⁇ SSV and ⁇ STV connected to the V phase are set to the OFF level.
- the switch control unit 28 selects the negative side phase, that is, the T phase when the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV is smaller than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21. Then, the switching signal ⁇ STV is set to the ON level and the other switching signals ⁇ SRV and ⁇ SSV connected to the V phase are set to the OFF level.
- the switch control unit 28 selects the + side phase, that is, the R phase when the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV is larger than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 and the U phase control signal RWb. Then, the switching signal ⁇ SRV is set to the ON level, and the other switching signals ⁇ SSV and ⁇ STV connected to the V phase are set to the OFF level.
- the switch control unit 28 selects the negative side phase, that is, the S phase when the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV is smaller than the second carrier waveform pattern CW21. Then, the switching signal ⁇ SSV is set to the ON level and the other switching signals ⁇ SRV and ⁇ STV connected to the V phase are set to the OFF level.
- the pulse width of the switching signal ⁇ SRU is hx obtained by reducing the pulse width x of the R-phase pulse (see FIG. 4B) in proportion to the signal level h of the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the pulse width of the switching signal ⁇ SSU is hy obtained by reducing the pulse width y of the S-phase pulse (see FIG. 4B) in proportion to the signal level h of the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the pulse width of the switching signal ⁇ STU is hz obtained by reducing the pulse width z of the T-phase pulse (see FIG. 4B) in proportion to the signal level h of the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, ⁇ STU are alternatively turned on, the R-phase voltage a, the S-phase voltage b, T, respectively, during the pulse width period of the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, ⁇ STU, respectively.
- a phase voltage c is generated.
- the average of the DC voltage in the switching period T can be expressed as the following expression (10) by accumulating the voltages for each period, adding them, and dividing by the switching period T.
- the pulse width of the switching signal ⁇ SRV is the absolute value of ⁇ hx obtained by reducing the pulse width x of the R-phase pulse (see FIG. 4B) in proportion to the signal level ⁇ h of the V-phase control signal RWb. It becomes.
- the pulse width of the switching signal ⁇ SSV is an absolute value of ⁇ hy obtained by reducing the pulse width y of the S-phase pulse (see FIG. 4B) in proportion to the signal level ⁇ h of the V-phase control signal RWb.
- the pulse width of the switching signal ⁇ STV is an absolute value of ⁇ hz obtained by reducing the pulse width z of the T-phase pulse (see FIG. 4B) in proportion to the signal level ⁇ h of the V-phase control signal RWb. .
- the average of the V-phase output voltage in the switching period T can be expressed by the following equation (13).
- the R-phase pulse width x T
- the S-phase pulse width y T
- and the T-phase pulse width z T
- the average of the U-phase output voltage and the average of the V-phase output voltage in the switching period T are both proportional to the signal levels h and -h.
- the UV line voltage in the switching period T (t1 to t2) has a signal pattern obtained by subtracting the switching signals ⁇ SRV, ⁇ SSV, and ⁇ STV from the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, and ⁇ STU, as shown in FIG.
- the average of the UV line voltage between the U phase and the V phase can be expressed by the following equation (16) by subtracting the value of equation (15) from the value of equation (12).
- the patterns of the switching signals ⁇ SRV, ⁇ SSV, and ⁇ STV in the switching cycle T (t1 to t2) become the patterns of the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, and ⁇ STU in the switching cycle T (t2 to t3).
- the average of the UV line voltage in the next switching cycle T (t2 to t3) can be expressed by the following equation (17) by subtracting the value of equation (12) from the value of equation (15).
- the UV line voltage in the switching period T (t2 to t3) has a signal pattern obtained by subtracting the switching signals ⁇ SRV, ⁇ SSV, and ⁇ STV from the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, and ⁇ STU, as shown in FIG.
- the single-phase AC signal is output as a square wave signal corresponding to the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the switching cycle T (t1 to t2) and the next switching cycle T (t2 to t3) appear alternately.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 uses the line voltage as the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 to be used for the virtual DC / AC conversion processing.
- a second carrier waveform pattern CW22 having a rising sawtooth wave, a falling sawtooth wave, and a falling sawtooth wave is determined in the order of the generation sections TS21, TS22, and TS23.
- the U-phase comparator CU compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 with the U-phase control signal RWa as shown in FIG. 5 (e). Then, as shown in FIG. 5G, the switch control unit 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, and STU connected to the U phase based on the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU. Further, the V-phase comparator CV compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 with the V-phase control signal RWb as shown in FIG. 5 (f). Then, as shown in FIG.
- the switch control unit 28 controls the switching of the bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV connected to the V phase based on the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV.
- the UV line voltage in the mode m2 is generated as a voltage pattern in which positive and negative are alternately switched in the switching period T.
- the average of the UV line voltage in each switching period T is proportional to the signal levels h and -h.
- the single-phase AC signal is output as a square wave signal corresponding to the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 uses the line voltage as the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 to be used for the virtual DC / AC conversion processing.
- a second carrier waveform pattern CW23 having a rising sawtooth wave, a rising sawtooth wave, and a falling sawtooth wave is sequentially determined in the generation sections TS31, TS32, and TS33.
- the U-phase comparator CU compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW23 with the U-phase control signal RWa as shown in FIG. 6 (e). Then, as illustrated in FIG. 6G, the switch control unit 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, and STU connected to the U phase based on the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU. Further, the V-phase comparator CV compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW23 and the V-phase control signal RWb as shown in FIG. 6 (f). Then, as shown in FIG.
- the switch control unit 28 controls the switching of the bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV connected to the V phase based on the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV.
- the UV line voltage in the mode m3 is generated as a voltage pattern in which positive and negative are alternately switched in the switching period T.
- the average of the UV line voltage in each switching period T is proportional to the signal levels h and -h.
- the single-phase AC signal is output as a square wave signal corresponding to the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 uses the line voltage as the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 to be used for the virtual DC / AC conversion processing.
- a second carrier waveform pattern CW24 having a falling sawtooth wave, a rising sawtooth wave, and a falling sawtooth wave is sequentially determined in the generation sections TS41, TS42, and TS43.
- the U-phase comparator CU compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 with the U-phase control signal RWa as shown in FIG. 7 (e). Then, as illustrated in FIG. 7G, the switch control unit 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, and STU connected to the U phase based on the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU. Further, the V-phase comparator CV compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 with the V-phase control signal RWb as shown in FIG. 7 (f). Then, as shown in FIG.
- the switch controller 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV connected to the V phase based on the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV.
- the UV line voltage in the mode m4 is generated as a voltage pattern in which positive and negative are alternately switched in the switching period T.
- the average of the UV line voltage in each switching period T is proportional to the signal levels h and -h.
- the single-phase AC signal is output as a square wave signal corresponding to the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 uses the line voltage as the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 to be used for the virtual DC / AC conversion processing.
- a second carrier waveform pattern CW25 having a falling sawtooth wave, a rising sawtooth wave, and a rising sawtooth wave is sequentially determined in the generation sections TS51, TS52, and TS53.
- the U-phase comparator CU compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 with the U-phase control signal RWa as shown in FIG. 8 (e). Then, as shown in FIG. 8G, the switch control unit 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, and STU connected to the U phase based on the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU. Further, the V-phase comparator CV compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 with the V-phase control signal RWb as shown in FIG. 8 (f). Then, as shown in FIG.
- the switch control unit 28 controls the switching of the bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV connected to the V phase based on the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV.
- the UV line voltage in the mode m5 is generated as a voltage pattern in which positive and negative are alternately switched in the switching period T.
- the average of the UV line voltage in each switching period T is proportional to the signal levels h and -h.
- the single-phase AC signal is output as a square wave signal corresponding to the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the second carrier waveform pattern generation unit 24 uses the line voltage as the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 to be used for the virtual DC / AC conversion processing.
- a second carrier waveform pattern CW26 having a falling sawtooth wave, a falling sawtooth wave, and a rising sawtooth wave is sequentially determined in the generation sections TS61, TS62, and TS63.
- the U-phase comparator CU compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW26 and the U-phase control signal RWa as shown in FIG. 9 (e). Then, the switch control unit 28 controls switching of the bidirectional switches SRU, SSU, and STU connected to the U phase based on the comparison result of the U phase comparator CU, as shown in FIG. Further, the V-phase comparator CV compares the second carrier waveform pattern CW26 with the V-phase control signal RWb as shown in FIG. 9 (f). Then, as shown in FIG. 9G, the switch control unit 28 controls the switching of the bidirectional switches SRV, SSV, and STV connected to the V phase based on the comparison result of the V phase comparator CV.
- the UV line voltage in the mode m6 is generated as a voltage pattern in which positive and negative are alternately switched in the switching period T.
- the average of the UV line voltage in each switching period T is proportional to the signal levels h and -h.
- the single-phase AC signal is output as a square wave signal corresponding to the U-phase control signal RWa.
- the three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 can directly convert the three-phase AC power into the single-phase AC power having the voltage amplitude value Vh (signal level h) set by the voltage setting unit 50.
- the current direction detection unit 30 shown in FIG. 1 detects the V-phase current direction and outputs it to the switch control unit 28.
- the switch control unit 28 controls the commutation failure depending on whether or not the V-phase current direction matches the current direction of the output single-phase AC signal.
- the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, and ⁇ STU are modulated by the second carrier waveform pattern CW2.
- the modulation is performed so as to be connected in an orderly manner without overlapping in a predetermined order, the commutation failure can be suppressed.
- switching of the switching signals ⁇ SRV, ⁇ SSV, and ⁇ STV is similarly modulated so as to be orderly connected, a commutation failure can be suppressed.
- the pulse widths of the switching signals ⁇ SRU, ⁇ SSU, ⁇ STU, ⁇ SRV, ⁇ SSV, and ⁇ STV are preferably larger than the cycle of the switching frequency limit of the bidirectional switch group SW.
- the input 50 Hz three-phase AC signal is output to the load LD as a single-phase AC signal in the 85 kHz band.
- the switching frequency limit of a semiconductor switch made of GaN, SiC, or the like is 500 kHz.
- a half period of 85 kHz is about 6 ⁇ s.
- each switching period T is set to 6 ⁇ s, which is a half period of 85 kHz.
- the period of 500 kHz which is a switching frequency limit is 2 ⁇ s.
- only one switching is performed within the switching period T (about 6 ⁇ s), so that switching with a margin can be performed. As a result, the accuracy of the output voltage can be ensured.
- the switching cycle T is set to a half cycle of 85 kHz, but may be set to 1 / integer of the half cycle as long as switching with a margin can be performed.
- the levels of the U-phase control signal RWa and the V-phase control signal RWb become constant levels (h, -h) in the switching period T, and the output voltage is kept constant. Can be.
- the bidirectional switches SRU to STV require three switching times for each switching period T.
- each of the plurality of second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 shown in (e) and (f) of FIG. 4 to FIG. 9 is a mountain over two consecutive sections among the plurality of line voltage generation sections.
- the pattern has a pattern whose level changes.
- Each mode m1 to m6 includes a plurality of switching periods T.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS11 and TS12. It has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS12 and TS13.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS21 and TS22. It has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS23 and TS21.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW23 has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS32 and TS33, It has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS33 and TS31.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS42 and TS43, It has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS41 and TS42.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS53 and TS51. It has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS51 and TS52.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW26 has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS63 and TS61. It has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS62 and TS63.
- each of the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 is a voltage having a small voltage value with a voltage phase having a large voltage value as a + side phase of two voltage phases in each of a plurality of line voltage generation sections.
- the phase is set to the-side phase, if there is a phase common to the + side phase or the-side phase when the line voltage generation interval is switched, the level is mountain-shaped across the two line voltage generation intervals to be switched Has a continuous pattern, and when there is a phase that reverses between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase when the line voltage generation section switches, it is serrated at the boundary between the two line voltage generation sections that switch Have a pattern whose level changes.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 since the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 has a T phase common to the ⁇ side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS11 and TS12, the level is mountain-shaped on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS11 and TS12. It has a changing pattern. Since the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 has an R phase common to the + side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS12 and TS13, the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS12 and TS13. Pattern.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 Since the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 has an S phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS13 and TS11, the second carrier waveform pattern CW21 has a sawtooth shape at the boundary between the line voltage generation sections TS13 and TS11. Have a pattern whose level changes.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 since the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 has a T phase common to the negative side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS21 and TS22, the level is mountain-shaped on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS21 and TS22. It has a changing pattern. Since the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 has an R phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase with respect to the line voltage generation sections TS22 and TS23, the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 has a sawtooth shape at the boundary between the line voltage generation sections TS22 and TS23. Have a pattern whose level changes. Since the second carrier waveform pattern CW22 has an S phase common to the + side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS23 and TS21, the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS23 and TS21. Pattern.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW23 has a T phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS31 and TS32, at the boundary between the line voltage generation sections TS31 and TS32. It has a pattern whose level changes like a sawtooth.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW23 has an R phase common to the negative side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS32 and TS33. Therefore, the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS32 and TS33.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 since the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 has a T phase common to the + side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS41 and TS42, the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 has a mountain-shaped level on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS41 and TS42. Has a changing pattern.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 has an R phase common to the negative side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS42 and TS43. Therefore, the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS42 and TS43. Has a pattern.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 Since the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 has an S phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS43 and TS41, the second carrier waveform pattern CW24 has a sawtooth shape at the boundary between the line voltage generation sections TS43 and TS41. Have a pattern whose level changes.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 since the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 has a T phase common to the + side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS51 and TS52, the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 has a mountain-shaped level on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS51 and TS52. Has a changing pattern. Since the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 has an R phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS52 and TS53, the second carrier waveform pattern CW25 is serrated at the boundary between the line voltage generation sections TS52 and TS53. Have a pattern whose level changes. The second carrier waveform pattern CW25 has an S phase common to the negative side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS53 and TS51. Therefore, the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS53 and TS51. Has a pattern.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW26 has a T phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS61 and TS62, at the boundary between the line voltage generation sections TS61 and TS62. It has a pattern whose level changes like a sawtooth. Since the second carrier waveform pattern CW26 has an R phase common to the + side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS62 and TS63, the level changes in a mountain shape on the lower side across the line voltage generation sections TS62 and TS63. Pattern.
- the second carrier waveform pattern CW26 has the S phase common to the negative side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS63 and TS61, the level changes in a mountain shape on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS63 and TS61. Has a pattern.
- each of the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 includes a voltage phase having a high level as a + side phase and a voltage phase having a low level as a ⁇ side phase among two voltage phases in each of a plurality of line voltage generation sections.
- a phase that is common to the + side phase or the ⁇ side phase when the mode is switched it has a pattern in which the levels are continuous in a mountain shape across the two modes that are switched, and when the mode is switched
- the mode is switched
- there is a phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase it has a pattern in which the level changes in a sawtooth shape at the boundary between the two modes to be switched.
- the mode m1 when the mode m1 is switched to the mode m2, there is an S phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase for the line voltage generation sections TS13 and TS21. It has a pattern whose level changes in a sawtooth shape at the boundary.
- the line voltage generation sections TS43 and TS51 have an S phase that is inverted between the + side phase and the ⁇ side phase, so that the line voltage generation sections TS43 and TS51 It has a pattern whose level changes in a sawtooth shape at the boundary.
- line voltage generation sections TS53 and TS61 have an S phase that is common to the ⁇ side phase, so that they are mountain-shaped on the upper side across the line voltage generation sections TS53 and TS61. It has a pattern whose level changes.
- each phase is selected once in each switching period T.
- the maximum voltage phase is always the + side phase
- the minimum voltage phase is always the-side phase.
- the intermediate voltage phase is a negative side phase for the maximum voltage phase and a positive side phase for the minimum voltage phase.
- the + side phase selects a period during which the second control signal (for example, the U-phase control signal RWa) is larger than the second carrier waveform pattern CW2, and the ⁇ side phase is the second control signal (for example, the U-phase).
- a period in which the control signal RWa) is smaller than the second carrier waveform pattern CW2 is selected.
- the maximum voltage phase can be selected only once.
- the rising sawtooth wave and the falling sawtooth wave are made continuous so as to form a mountain shape on the upper side, the minimum voltage phase can be selected only once.
- the switching signals ⁇ SRU to ⁇ STU of the bidirectional switches SRU to STU can be maintained at the ON level across a plurality of line voltage generation sections, as shown in FIG. 4 to FIG.
- a wide pulse width of the switching signals ⁇ SRU to ⁇ STU of SRU to STU can be secured.
- the average of the output voltage in each switching period T is always constant. Further, the direct current is distributed to the input current in a ratio of the input voltage. Further, when the output power is constant, this input current becomes a three-phase AC waveform (for example, a sine wave).
- the input current in the virtual AC / DC conversion process can be a three-phase AC waveform (for example, a sine wave) when the output power by the virtual DC / AC conversion process is constant. Usually, the power is constant for a short time (about 0.1 second). 2)
- the output voltage by the virtual DC / AC conversion process can be obtained by a signal similar to the modulation signal (second control signal).
- the control unit 20 has a plurality of sections that are classified according to the magnitude relationship of the voltage of each phase in the input three-phase AC power with respect to the input three-phase AC power. Different virtual AC / DC conversion processes are performed according to the modes I to VI, and different virtual DC / AC conversion processes are performed according to the plurality of modes m1 to m6 for the power subjected to the virtual AC / DC conversion process. As is done, the switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit 10 is generated. Specifically, the control unit 20 performs a virtual AC / DC conversion process on the input three-phase AC power using the first carrier waveform patterns CW11 to CW13 that are different depending on the plurality of modes m1 to m6.
- the virtual DC / AC conversion processing is performed on the power subjected to the virtual AC / DC conversion processing using the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 that differ depending on the plurality of modes m1 to m6.
- a switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit 10 is generated. Thereby, it is possible to directly convert the three-phase AC power into the single-phase AC power by a simple process without performing a complicated calculation such as a matrix calculation.
- the control unit 20 corresponds to the first carrier waveform patterns CW11 to CW13 and the input-side phases (R phase, S phase, T phase) in each of the plurality of modes m1 to m6.
- First control signals for example, voltage
- the control unit 20 generates the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 corresponding to the plurality of line voltage generation sections TS11 to TS63, and the generated second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 and the output-side phase
- the second control signals corresponding to (U-phase, V-phase) (for example, U-phase control signal RWa and V-phase control signal RWb shown in FIGS. 4 to 9 (e) and (f)) are compared.
- the switching pattern of the bidirectional switch circuit 10 is generated.
- the virtual AC / DC conversion process and the virtual DC / AC conversion process can be easily performed without performing a complicated matrix operation.
- the control unit 20 recognizes the maximum voltage phase, the minimum voltage phase, and the intermediate voltage phase in the input three-phase AC power.
- the control unit 20 includes a plurality of line voltage generation sections in one switching cycle T, a first section corresponding to the intermediate voltage phase and the minimum voltage phase, and a second section corresponding to the maximum voltage phase and the minimum voltage phase. And the third section corresponding to the maximum voltage phase and the intermediate voltage phase.
- the first section includes, for example, line voltage generation sections TS11, TS22, TS32, TS43, TS53, and TS61 shown in FIGS.
- the second section includes, for example, line voltage generation sections TS12, TS21, TS33, TS42, TS51, and TS63 shown in FIGS.
- the third section includes, for example, line voltage generation sections TS13, TS23, TS31, TS41, TS52, and TS62 shown in FIGS. Therefore, three kinds of line voltages of maximum-minimum, maximum-intermediate, and intermediate-minimum can be virtually generated during one switching period T, and the virtual line-to-line voltage can be generated using physical phenomena such as current subtraction.
- the virtual DC voltage can be made substantially constant by the voltage, and the second carrier waveform pattern created in each voltage section and the second control signal are compared from the substantially constant virtual DC voltage. Switching signal can be generated.
- the first control signal is a sine wave and the second control signal is a square wave, so that the input current of the three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 can be easily a sine wave, and the output voltage is a square wave. can do.
- the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 are two continuous intervals among a plurality of line voltage generation intervals. It has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape across. Thereby, since the number of times of switching in each switching period T can be reduced, the switching loss of each bidirectional switch SRU to STV in the bidirectional switch circuit 10 can be reduced.
- the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 are in two consecutive sections among the plurality of line voltage generation sections. Since it has a pattern in which the level changes in a mountain shape, the pulse widths of the switching signals ⁇ SRU to ⁇ STV of the bidirectional switches SRU to STV in the bidirectional switch circuit 10 can be easily secured. Thereby, since the failure of commutation can be reduced, the failure of the load LD can be suppressed. In addition, the power conversion efficiency can be improved.
- a single-phase coil is used as a coil used for non-contact power feeding to a vehicle or the like in order to avoid an increase in size. Therefore, by using the load LD as a single-phase coil for non-contact power feeding and using the three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 of the present embodiment, both the power supply side and the power supply side devices Miniaturization can be realized.
- the control unit 20 recognizes the maximum voltage phase, the minimum voltage phase, and the intermediate voltage phase in the input three-phase AC power.
- the second carrier waveform patterns CW21 to CW26 generated by the control unit 20 have a voltage phase having a high level as a + side phase of two voltage phases in each of a plurality of line voltage generation sections, and a voltage phase having a low level. -When the mode is switched, if there is a phase common to the + side phase or the-side phase when the mode is switched, it has a pattern in which the level is continuous in a mountain shape across the two modes to be switched.
- the zero-cross point of the differential voltage can be obtained from the two-phase intersection of the input AC voltage, and the input AC voltage of each phase can be estimated using this zero-cross point as a synchronization signal.
- a matrix converter can be easily configured as compared with the case where the input AC voltage of each phase is detected.
- the second control signal can be input without calculating with other physical quantities.
- the second control signal can be the same as the AC power to be supplied to the load.
- the output voltage can be easily a square wave.
- the three-phase / single-phase matrix converter 1 is a square wave having a voltage amplitude value Vh (signal level h) set by the voltage setting unit 50 for the power of a three-phase AC signal, and has a frequency in the 85 kHz band. It can be directly converted into single-phase AC signal power.
- the single-phase AC signal is not limited to the 85 kHz band.
- both the U-phase control signal RWa and the V-phase control signal RWb are square waves. Therefore, if at least one of the U-phase control signal RWa and the V-phase control signal RWb is a square wave, the other may be a direct current whose signal level does not vary between the switching periods T.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態である3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ1を含む構成を示すブロック図である。図1に示すように、3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ1は、3相交流電源PSから電力線LR,LS,LTを介してそれぞれR相、S相、T相の3相交流電力が入力され、入力された3相交流電力を、一旦直流電力に変換することなく、単相交流電力に直接変換し、電力線LU,LVを介して負荷LDに出力する。ここでいう、単相交流電力は、電力線LUのU相と電力線LVのV相との間の線間電圧が交流となる電力である。また、3相交流電力と単相交流電力とは、電圧及び周波数が互いに異なる。例えば、3相交流電力の周波数は、50Hzであり、単相交流電力の周波数は、例えば85kHz帯の高周波である。また、単相交流信号は、方形波である。負荷LDは、例えば、非接触給電用の単相コイルである。
制御部20は、双方向スイッチ回路10における双方向スイッチ群SWのスイッチングパターンを生成する。制御部20は、双方向スイッチ回路10に入力された3相交流電力に対して仮想AC/DC変換処理を行い、仮想AC/DC変換処理が行われた電力に対して仮想DC/AC変換処理を行うように、双方向スイッチ回路10のスイッチングパターン(すなわち、スイッチング信号のパターン)を生成する。以下において、「仮想AC/DC変換処理を行う」とは、仮想AC/DC変換処理を仮想的に行うことを意味し、「仮想DC/AC変換処理を行う」とは、仮想DC/AC変換処理を仮想的に行うことを意味しているものとする。
ここで、同期信号検出部21によって認識される複数のモードm1~m6について図3を用いて説明する。
次に、複数のモードm1~m6のそれぞれにおける仮想AC/DC変換処理について、図4~図9を用いて説明する。なお、図4~図9では、各モードm1~m6内で連続する2つのスイッチング周期Tについて示している。なお、以下では、説明の簡略化のため、直流電圧設定値(変換目標となる仮想的な直流電圧)に応じて決定した直流電圧設定ゲインが1である場合について例示的に説明する。
モードm1では、第1のキャリア波形パターン発生部22が、図4(a)に示すように、仮想AC/DC変換処理に用いるべき第1のキャリア波形パターンCW1として、立ち下がりの鋸歯状波W11と立ち上がりの鋸歯状波W12とを有する第1のキャリア波形パターンCW11を決定する。なお、「立ち下がりの鋸歯状波」とは、時間の経過に応じて振幅が直線的に減少していく負の傾きを持った鋸歯状波を指し、「立ち上がりの鋸歯状波」とは、時間の経過に応じて振幅が直線的に増加していく正の傾きを持った鋸歯状波を指すものとする。
=a2+c2-b(a+c) ・・・(1)
ここで、a+b+c=0(3相条件)を考慮すると、式(1)は次式(2)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均=a2+b2+c2 ・・・(2)
さらに、交流理論から、a2+b2+c2=3/2より、式(2)は次式(3)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均=3/2 ・・・(3)
式(3)に示すように、スイッチング周期Tの仮想的な直流電圧の平均を、一定電圧とすることができる。
モードm2では、第1のキャリア波形パターン発生部22が、図5(a)に示すように、仮想AC/DC変換処理に用いるべき第1のキャリア波形パターンCW1として、立ち上がりの鋸歯状波W12を有する第1のキャリア波形パターンCW12を決定する。位相情報生成部23は、同期信号検出部21の検出結果に応じて、R相電圧a、S相電圧b、T相電圧cを取得し、あるいは推定する。このとき、図5(d)に示す線間電圧発生区間TS21、TS22、TS23の直流電圧は、それぞれ、ST間電圧=b-c、RT間電圧=a-c、RS間電圧=b-aとなる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均={(b-c)×T×(-c+b-1)+(a-c)×T×(-b+1)+(b-a)×T×(1+c)}/T
=b2+c2-a(b+c) ・・・(4)
ここで、a+b+c=0(3相条件)を考慮すると、式(4)は次式(5)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均=a2+b2+c2 ・・・(5)
さらに、交流理論から、a2+b2+c2=3/2より、式(5)は次式(6)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均=3/2 ・・・(6)
式(6)に示されるように、スイッチング周期Tの仮想的な直流電圧の平均を、一定電圧とすることができる。
モードm3では、第1のキャリア波形パターン発生部22が、図6(a)に示すように、仮想AC/DC変換処理に用いるべき第1のキャリア波形パターンとして、立ち下がりの鋸歯状波W11を有する第1のキャリア波形パターンCW13を決定する。位相情報生成部23は、同期信号検出部21の検出結果に応じて、R相電圧a、S相電圧b、T相電圧cを取得し、あるいは推定する。このとき、図6(d)に示す線間電圧発生区間TS31、TS32、TS33の直流電圧は、それぞれ、ST間電圧=c-b、RT間電圧=a-c、RS間電圧=a-bとなる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均={(c-b)×T×(1-a)+(a-c)×T×(b+1)+(a-b)×T×(a-b-1)}/T
=a2+b2-c(a+b) ・・・(7)
ここで、a+b+c=0(3相条件)を考慮すると、式(7)は次式(8)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均=a2+b2+c2 ・・・(8)
さらに、交流理論から、a2+b2+c2=3/2より、数式(8)は次式(9)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期Tの直流電圧の平均=3/2 ・・・(9)
式(9)に示されるように、スイッチング周期Tの仮想的な直流電圧の平均を、一定電圧とすることができる。
モードm4における仮想AC/DC変換処理は、図7に示すように、モードm1における仮想AC/DC変換処理(図4参照)と同様である。線間電圧発生区間TS41、TS42、TS43も、モードm1と同様にして求められる。線間電圧発生区間TS41、TS42、TS43において、それぞれ、T相、T相、S相が+側相であり、S相、R相、R相が-側相である。
次に、複数のモードm1~m6のそれぞれにおける仮想DC/AC変換処理について、図4~9を参照して説明する。まず、第2のキャリア波形パターン発生部24は、図4(e),(f)~図9(e),(f)に示すように、モードm1~m6に対応して、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW2(CW21~CW26)を生成する。第2のキャリア波形パターンCW2は、複数の線間電圧発生区間φTSのうち連続する2つの線間電圧発生区間に跨って山型にレベルが変化するパターンを有するように決定される。また、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW2は、複数の線間電圧発生区間φTSが切り換わる際に+側相または-側相に共通する相がある場合、切り換わる2つの線間電圧発生区間に跨って山型にレベルが連続するパターンを有し、線間電圧発生区間φTSが切り換わる際に+側相と-側相との間で反転する相がある場合、切り換わる2つの線間電圧発生区間φTSの境界で鋸歯状にレベルが変化するパターンを有するように決定される。
図4(e),(f)に示すように、モードm1では、第2のキャリア波形パターン発生部24が、仮想DC/AC変換処理に用いるべき第2のキャリア波形パターンCW2として、線間電圧発生区間TS11、TS12、TS13の順に立ち上がりの鋸歯状波、立ち下がりの鋸歯状波、立ち上がりの鋸歯状波を有する第2のキャリア波形パターンCW21を決定する。
U相コンパレータCUは、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW21とU相制御信号RWaとを比較する。スイッチ制御部28は、U相コンパレータCUの比較結果をもとに、U相に接続される双方向スイッチSRU、SSU、STUのスイッチングを制御する。この双方向スイッチSRU、SSU、STUのスイッチングは、U相電圧に関し、それぞれR相パルス、S相パルス、T相パルスをPWM制御することに等しい。スイッチ制御部28は、図4(e)に示すように、線間電圧発生区間TS11において、U相コンパレータCUの比較結果が、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW21よりU相制御信号RWaが大きい時点t1~t12の間、+側相すなわちS相を選択し、スイッチング信号φSSUをONレベルにするとともに、U相に接続される他のスイッチング信号φSRU、φSTUをOFFレベルにする。一方、スイッチ制御部28は、線間電圧発生区間TS11において、U相コンパレータCUの比較結果が、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW21よりU相制御信号RWaが小さい時点t12~t13の間、-側相すなわちT相を選択し、スイッチング信号φSTUをONレベルにするとともにU相に接続される他のスイッチング信号φSRU、φSSUをOFFレベルにする。
一方、V相コンパレータCVは、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW21とV相制御信号RWbとを比較する。スイッチ制御部28は、V相コンパレータCVの比較結果をもとに、V相に接続される双方向スイッチSRV、SSV、STVのスイッチングを制御する。この双方向スイッチSRV、SSV、STVのスイッチングは、V相電圧に関し、それぞれR相パルス、S相パルス、T相パルスをPWM制御することに等しい。スイッチ制御部28は、図4(f)に示すように、線間電圧発生区間TS11において、V相コンパレータCVの比較結果が、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW21よりV相制御信号RWbが大きい時点t1~t11の間、+側相すなわちS相を選択し、スイッチング信号φSSVをONレベルにするとともに、V相に接続される他のスイッチング信号φSRV、φSTVをOFFレベルにする。一方、スイッチ制御部28は、線間電圧発生区間TS11において、V相コンパレータCVの比較結果が、第2のキャリア波形パターンCW21よりV相制御信号RWbが小さい時点t11~t13の間、-側相すなわちT相を選択し、スイッチング信号φSTVをONレベルにするとともにV相に接続される他のスイッチング信号φSRV,φSSVをOFFレベルにする。
ここで、スイッチング信号φSRUのパルス幅は、R相パルスのパルス幅x(図4(b)参照)を、U相制御信号RWaの信号レベルhに比例して縮めたhxとなる。また、スイッチング信号φSSUのパルス幅は、S相パルスのパルス幅y(図4(b)参照)を、U相制御信号RWaの信号レベルhに比例して縮めたhyとなる。また、スイッチング信号φSTUのパルス幅は、T相パルスのパルス幅z(図4(b)参照)を、U相制御信号RWaの信号レベルhに比例して縮めたhzとなる。
スイッチング周期TのU相出力電圧の平均
={a(hx)+b(hy)+c(hz)}/T
=h(ax+by+cz)/T ・・・(10)
上記より、R相のパルス幅x=T|a|、S相のパルス幅y=T|b|、T相のパルス幅z=T|c|であるから、式(10)は次式(11)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期TのU相出力電圧の平均=h(a2+b2+c2) ・・・(11)
さらに、交流理論から、a2+b2+c2=3/2より、式(11)は次式(12)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期TのU相出力電圧の平均=h×3/2・・・(12)
スイッチング周期TのV相出力電圧の平均
={a(-hx)+b(-hy)+c(-hz)}/T
=-h(ax+by+cz)/T ・・・(13)
上記より、R相のパルス幅x=T|a|、S相のパルス幅y=T|b|、T相のパルス幅z=T|c|であるから、式(13)は式(14)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期TのV相出力電圧の平均=-h(a2+b2+c2)・・・(14)
さらに、交流理論から、a2+b2+c2=3/2より、式(14)は次式(15)に変形できる。
スイッチング周期TのV相出力電圧の平均=-h×3/2・・・(15)
UV線間電圧の平均=h×3/2-(-h×3/2)
=h×3 ・・・(16)
したがって、UV線間間電圧の平均は、信号レベルhに比例したものとなる。
図4に示すように、上述したスイッチング周期T(t1~t2)では、U相制御信号RWaが+hで、V相制御信号RWbが-hであったが、次のスイッチング周期T(t2~t3)では、U相制御信号RWaが-hで、V相制御信号RWbが+hとなる。この場合、図4(g)に示すように、スイッチング周期T(t1~t2)におけるスイッチング信号φSRU、φSSU、φSTUのパターンが、スイッチング周期T(t2~t3)におけるスイッチング信号φSRV、φSSV、φSTVのパターンとなる。また、スイッチング周期T(t1~t2)におけるスイッチング信号φSRV、φSSV、φSTVのパターンが、スイッチング周期T(t2~t3)におけるスイッチング信号φSRU、φSSU、φSTUのパターンとなる。
UV線間電圧の平均=(-h×3/2)-(h×3/2)
=-h×3 ・・・(17)
したがって、UV線間間電圧の平均は、信号レベル-hに比例したものとなるとともに、負の電圧となる。なお、スイッチング周期T(t2~t3)におけるUV線間電圧は、図4(h)に示すように、スイッチング信号φSRU、φSSU、φSTUからスイッチング信号φSRV、φSSV、φSTVを減算した信号パターンとなる。これにより、スイッチング周期T(t1~t2)と次のスイッチング周期T(t2~t3)とで、出力信号である単相交流信号の1周期分が生成されることになる。すなわち、単相交流信号は、U相制御信号RWaに対応した方形波信号として出力される。
モードm2では、図5(e),(f)に示すように、第2のキャリア波形パターン発生部24が、仮想DC/AC変換処理に用いるべき第2のキャリア波形パターンCW2として、線間電圧発生区間TS21,TS22,TS23の順に立ち上がりの鋸歯状波、立ち下がりの鋸歯状波、立ち下がりの鋸歯状波を有する第2のキャリア波形パターンCW22を決定する。
ここで、スイッチング周期T内における双方向スイッチ群SWのスイッチング回数の抑制について説明する。仮想DC/AC変換処理では、1つのキャリア波形パターンの間(スイッチング周期T)に入力側の3種類のパルス(R相パルス、S相パルス、T相パルス)を3種類の線間電圧発生区間φTSごとに出力側の各相(U相、V相)に変調することになる。
1)仮想AC/DC変換処理における入力電流は、仮想DC/AC変換処理による出力電力が一定である時、3相交流波形(例えば、正弦波)とすることができる。通常、短時間(0.1秒程度)では、電力は一定である。
2)仮想DC/AC変換処理による出力電圧は、変調信号(第2の制御信号)と同様な信号で得ることができる。
10 双方向スイッチ回路
20 制御部
21 同期信号検出部
22 第1のキャリア波形パターン発生部
23 位相情報生成部
24 第2のキャリア波形パターン発生部
25 方形波信号発生部
26 乗算器
27 反転器
28 スイッチ制御部
30 電流方向検出部
40 入力コンデンサ
41~43 コンデンサ
50 電圧設定部
51 全波整流器
52 フィルタ回路
53 電圧調整器
CU U相コンパレータ
CV V相コンパレータ
LD 負荷
PS 3相交流電源
RWa U相制御信号
RWb V相制御信号
SW 双方向スイッチ群
SRU,SSU,STU,SRV,SSV,STV 双方向スイッチ
Claims (5)
- 入力された3相交流電力を単相交流電力に直接変換して負荷に出力する3相/単相マトリクスコンバータであって、
前記入力された3相交流電力の前記負荷への供給をON/OFFする双方向スイッチ回路と、
前記入力された3相交流電力に対して、前記入力された3相交流電力における各相の電圧の大小関係に応じて区分された複数のモードに応じて各モードごとに異なるパターンをもつ第1のキャリア波形パターンを所定スイッチング周期で生成し、前記所定スイッチング周期内で前記第1のキャリア波形パターンと入力側の相に対応した第1の制御信号とから、前記入力された3相交流電力のうち2相を選択する複数の線間電圧発生区間を求める仮想AC/DC変換処理を行い、該仮想AC/DC変換処理によって求められた前記複数の線間電圧発生区間に対応して前記複数のモードに応じて異なる第2のキャリア波形パターンを生成し、前記複数の線間電圧発生区間で選択された2相の線間電圧に対し、生成された前記第2のキャリア波形パターンと出力側の相に対応した第2の制御信号とから、前記複数のモードに応じた異なる仮想DC/AC変換処理を行うように、前記双方向スイッチ回路のスイッチングパターンを生成する制御部と、
を備え、
前記所定スイッチング周期は、前記単相交流電力を生成するために用いる単相交流信号の半周期の整数分の1であることを特徴とする3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ。 - 前記第2の制御信号は、前記単相交流信号の周波数をもつ第1の方形波信号と該第1の方形波信号を反転した第2の方形波信号とであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ。
- 前記制御部は、前記入力された3相交流電力における最大電圧相、最小電圧相、及び中間電圧相を認識し、前記複数の線間電圧発生区間を、中間電圧相及び最小電圧相に対応した第1の区間と、最大電圧相及び最小電圧相に対応した第2の区間と、最大電圧相及び中間電圧相に対応した第3の区間とに分けて求めることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ。
- 前記第2のキャリア波形パターンは、前記複数の線間電圧発生区間のうち連続する2つの区間に跨って山型にレベルが変化するパターンを有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ。
- 前記第2のキャリア波形パターンは、前記複数の線間電圧発生区間のそれぞれにおける2つの電圧相のうち電圧値の大きい電圧相を+側相とし電圧値の小さい電圧相を-側相とするとき、前記線間電圧発生区間が切り換わる際に+側相または-側相に共通する相がある場合、切り換わる2つの前記線間電圧発生区間に跨って山型にレベルが連続するパターンを有し、前記線間電圧発生区間が切り換わる際に+側相と-側相との間で反転する相がある場合、切り換わる2つの前記線間電圧発生区間の境界で鋸歯状にレベルが変化するパターンを有することを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の3相/単相マトリクスコンバータ。
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