WO2016157884A1 - 鉛蓄電池 - Google Patents
鉛蓄電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016157884A1 WO2016157884A1 PCT/JP2016/001795 JP2016001795W WO2016157884A1 WO 2016157884 A1 WO2016157884 A1 WO 2016157884A1 JP 2016001795 W JP2016001795 W JP 2016001795W WO 2016157884 A1 WO2016157884 A1 WO 2016157884A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/14—Electrodes for lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/16—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/627—Expanders for lead-acid accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/691—Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings; Cleaning battery or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/08—Fuel cells with aqueous electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1055—Inorganic layers on the polymer electrolytes, e.g. inorganic coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- This invention relates to a lead-acid battery.
- Organic anti-shrinking agents such as lignin sulfonic acid and bisphenol condensates are added to the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery.
- the organic shrunk agent prevents the shrinkage of the negative electrode material, temporarily captures Pb 2+ ions during charge and discharge, and further improves the low temperature high rate discharge performance.
- Patent Document 1 Patent 3385879 states that when the sulfonation rate of lignin sulfonic acid is 90% or more, the variation in low-temperature high-rate discharge performance can be reduced.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-41848, states that the charge acceptance performance is improved when a bisphenol condensate having an S element content of 6 to 10 mass% is used instead of lignin sulfonic acid.
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-142085 adds a large amount of graphite or carbon, makes the density of the negative electrode active material 2.5 to 3.8 g / cm 3, and contains Sb, Sn, Bi, Zn, Se, Mn. It is said that a lead storage battery that is resistant to high temperatures and excellent in high-rate characteristics can be obtained by chemical conversion with an electrolyte containing at least one selected from Ca, Mg, and Sr.
- the negative electrode active material density when the negative electrode active material density is lowered when the S element concentration is 600, there is an effect that increasing the amount of carbon improves the charge acceptability according to the amount of carbon.
- the negative electrode active material density cannot be lowered because the negative effect of reducing the 0.2CA discharge duration occurs by adding an amount of carbon that greatly improves charge acceptance.
- the charge acceptance performance has been improved, so there is no need to add a large amount of carbon.
- the ability to improve charge acceptance without adding a large amount of carbon is a very significant achievement.
- An object of the present invention is to improve the charge acceptance performance.
- One of the present invention is a lead-acid battery comprising a negative electrode material, negative electrode material density is not more 2.7 g / cm 3 or more 3.8 g / cm 3 or less, and contains an organic expander, an organic Contain 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more of elemental sulfur (S element) in the anti-shrink agent. Thereby, charge acceptance performance improved.
- one of the present invention is to wash the negative electrode plate taken out from the lead-acid battery to remove sulfuric acid, to separate the negative electrode material from the negative electrode plate from which sulfuric acid has been removed, and to remove the negative electrode material from a 1 mol / l NaOH aqueous solution.
- the solution obtained by immersing the sample in water and removing the insoluble components by filtration is desalted, and then concentrated and dried.
- the powder sample obtained has an S element content of 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more, and the negative electrode material has a density of 2.7 g. / cm 3 or more and 3.8 g / cm 3 or less. Thereby, charge acceptance performance improved.
- one of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a lead-acid battery, comprising a negative electrode material, negative electrode material density is not more than 2.7 g / cm 3 or more 3.8 g / cm 3, and an organic expander agent
- a negative electrode was prepared so as to contain 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more of elemental sulfur (S element) in the organic shrinking agent. Thereby, charge acceptance performance improved.
- Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the S element content in the organic shrinking agent and the central pore diameter of the negative electrode material Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between S element content in organic pre-shrink agent and low temperature high rate discharge duration Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between negative electrode active material density and low-temperature high-rate discharge duration Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between S element content in organic shrinkage and 0.2CA discharge duration Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between negative electrode active material density and 0.2CA discharge duration Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the S element content in the organic pre-shrinking agent and the specific resistance of the negative electrode active material Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between negative electrode active material density and specific resistance of negative electrode active material Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the S element content in the organic shrinking agent and the charge acceptance performance Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between negative electrode active material density and charge acceptance performance Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between S element content in organic pre-shrinkage agent and lower lead sulfate accumulation Characteristic diagram showing the relationship between negative electrode active material density and lower lead sulfate accumulation Characteristic diagram showing
- One of the inventors examined the performance of the storage battery when increasing the concentration of S element in the organic pre-shrinking agent. As a result, it was found that the higher the concentration of S element, the smaller the colloidal particle size of the organic shrinking agent, and the smaller the pore size of the negative electrode active material. Furthermore, it has been found that when the S element concentration is high, the specific resistance of the negative electrode material is reduced, and the low-temperature high-rate discharge performance is improved.
- the inventor further searched for a combination of the S element concentration in the organic shrinking agent and the density of the negative electrode material, and improved the low-temperature high-rate discharge performance, the low-rate discharge capacity, and the charge acceptance performance in a specific range, And it discovered that accumulation
- One aspect of the invention is a lead-acid battery comprising a negative electrode material, negative electrode material density is not more 2.7 g / cm 3 or more 3.8 g / cm 3 or less, and contains an organic expander, an organic Contain 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more of elemental sulfur (S element) in the anti-shrink agent. Thereby, charge acceptance performance improved.
- one aspect of the present invention is that the negative electrode plate taken out from the lead-acid battery is washed with water to remove sulfuric acid, the negative electrode material is separated from the negative electrode plate from which the sulfuric acid content has been removed, and the negative electrode material is added with a 1 mol / l NaOH aqueous solution.
- the S sample content of the powder sample obtained by desalting the solution from which the insoluble components were removed by filtration and desalting and then concentrated and dried was 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more, and the negative electrode material had a density of 2.7. g / cm 3 or more 3.8g / cm 3 is less than or equal to. Thereby, charge acceptance performance improved.
- FIG. 1 Further another aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a lead-acid battery, comprising a negative electrode material, negative electrode material is a a density of less than 2.7 g / cm 3 or more 3.8 g / cm 3, and an organic expander agent A negative electrode was prepared so as to contain 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more of elemental sulfur (S element) in the organic shrinking agent. Thereby, charge acceptance performance improved.
- S element elemental sulfur
- the S element content of the organic shrinking agent may be 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more and 6000 ⁇ mol / g or less. This one aspect is preferable because the low rate discharge capacity can be suitably maintained.
- the S element content of the organic shrinking agent may be 4300 ⁇ mol / g or more. This one aspect is preferable because the effect of improving the charge acceptance performance is particularly great.
- the S element content of the organic shrinking agent may be 4300 ⁇ mol / g or more and 6000 ⁇ mol / g or less. According to this aspect, the effect of improving the charge acceptance performance is particularly great, and the 0.2CA discharge sustainability can be increased, which is preferable.
- the organic anti-shrinking agent may be a synthetic polymer.
- the S element content can be easily increased to 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more, which is preferable.
- the organic shrinkage agent may be a condensate of bisphenols. According to this aspect, even if a high temperature environment is experienced, the starting performance at a low temperature is not impaired, so that it is suitable for a liquid type lead storage battery for automobiles and the like, which is preferable.
- the total amount of sulfonic acid groups and sulfonyl groups may be sufficient as the S element content of the organic shrinking agent. According to this one aspect, the growth of the organic shrinking agent particles can be suppressed, which is preferable.
- S element content is contained 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more organic expander agent, and a density of 2.7 g / cm 3 or more 3.8 g / cm 3 or less of the negative electrode material and a current collector A negative electrode plate.
- the negative electrode plate for a lead storage battery is composed of a negative electrode material and a current collector, and the negative electrode material contains an organic shrunk agent having an S element content of 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more and 6000 ⁇ mol / g or less and a density. There is 2.7g / cm 3 or more 3.8g / cm 3 or less.
- the description regarding the lead storage battery also applies to the negative electrode plate as it is.
- the S element content of the organic shrinking agent is set to 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more
- the density of the negative electrode material is set to 2.7 g / cm 3 or more to improve the low-temperature high-rate discharge performance.
- the charge acceptance performance is improved by setting the density to 2.7 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density exceeds 3.8 g / cm 3 since the filling of the current collector of the negative electrode active material paste it becomes difficult, 2.7 g / cm 3 or more 3.8 g / cm 3 or less.
- the S element content of the organic shrinking agent is preferably 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more and 6000 ⁇ mol / g or less, more preferably 4300 ⁇ mol / g or more and 6000 ⁇ mol / g or less.
- the S element content of the organic shrinking agent is most preferably 4500 ⁇ mol / g or more and 6000 ⁇ mol / g or less.
- the S element content can be easily increased to 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more.
- the organic shrinking agent is preferably a synthetic polymer. Since bisphenol S contains a sulfonyl group, the S element content can be increased.
- a formaldehyde condensate of ⁇ -naphthalenesulfonic acid is available under the trade name “Demol” from Kao Corporation.
- a condensate of bisphenols is preferable as a shrinkage preventing agent.
- the condensates of bisphenols are suitable for liquid lead-acid batteries for automobiles and the like because startability at low temperatures is not impaired even if they experience a high temperature environment.
- Naphthalene sulfonic acid condensate is suitable for a control valve type lead-acid battery in which the liquid reduction characteristic is important because the polarization is less likely to be smaller than the condensate of bisphenols.
- the stable form of the S element in the synthetic polymer shrinking agent can be a sulfonyl group or a sulfonic acid group, and the S element content of the synthetic polymer shrinking agent can be the total amount of the sulfonic acid group and the sulfonyl group.
- the content of the organic shrunk agent is preferably 0.05 mass% or more and 0.3 mass% or less in terms of mass% concentration in the negative electrode material.
- SO 2 group a sulfonyl group
- the hydrophilicity and surface charge of the organic shrunk agent are increased due to the strong charge of the sulfonic acid group or the strong polarization of the sulfonyl group, Suppresses growth of organic shrinking agent particles.
- the results are almost the same when the S element is present as a sulfonic acid group and when it is present as a sulfonyl group.
- Inorganic materials such as carbon and barium sulfate and organic shrinkage agents such as lignin sulfonic acid and bisphenol condensates may be added to the negative electrode material of the lead storage battery.
- Both the inorganic substance and the organic substance to be added are collectively referred to as an anti-shrink agent (expander), and particularly those derived from an organic substance are referred to as an organic anti-shrink agent.
- the bisphenol condensate may have bisphenol A as a skeleton, or bisphenol F or S as a skeleton. Alternatively, a mixture of them may be used as the skeleton.
- S element content (hereinafter simply referred to as “S element content”) of the organic shrinkage agent in the negative electrode active material is measured as follows.
- the fully charged lead acid battery is disassembled, the negative electrode plate is taken out, the sulfuric acid content is removed by washing with water, and the dry weight is measured.
- the active material is separated from the negative electrode plate, immersed in a 1 mol / L NaOH aqueous solution to extract the organic shrinkage agent, and the type of the organic shrinkage agent is qualitatively determined from an ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum. If the qualitative properties are incomplete with only the absorption spectrum, GC-MS, NMR, etc. may be used in combination.
- the content of the organic shrinking agent is measured using the absorbance at the absorption wavelength and the calibration curve for each type of organic shrinking agent.
- an organic shrinkage agent NaOH aqueous solution obtained by extraction from the active material is desalted using a column or dialysis tube, and concentrated and dried.
- the S element content in the organic shrinkage agent is obtained by converting S element in 0.1 g of the organic shrinkage agent into sulfuric acid by the oxygen combustion flask method, and titrating the eluate with barium perchlorate using Trin as an indicator.
- the concentration of the barium perchlorate aqueous solution is C (umol L ⁇ 1 ) and the titration amount V (L)
- the density of the negative electrode active material is determined by disassembling a fully charged lead-acid battery, removing the negative electrode plate, washing it with water to remove the sulfuric acid, drying it, removing the active material from the electrode plate, The apparent volume v per gram and the total pore volume u per gram are measured by the mercury intrusion method in the pulverized state.
- the apparent volume v is the sum of the solid volume of the negative electrode active material and the volume of closed pores.
- the electrode plate is composed of a current collector such as a grid and an electrode material supported by the current collector.
- the electrode material is an electromotive force such as a bisphenol condensate, carbon black, barium sulfate, or a synthetic fiber reinforcement. Contains materials that do not participate in the reaction.
- the negative electrode material is a material mainly composed of spongy lead, and the positive electrode material is a material mainly composed of lead dioxide.
- the electrode material is called an active material for simplicity.
- the organic shrinking agent is sometimes simply referred to as a shrinking agent.
- the organic shrunk agent means an additive that suppresses the shrinkage of the negative electrode active material of the lead storage battery regardless of whether it is a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer.
- a pre- formed negative electrode plate containing 0.15 mass% of an organic shrinkage agent composed of a pre-test bisphenol condensate with respect to the negative electrode material was manufactured.
- the volume-based pore size distribution was measured by the mercury intrusion method, and the median pore size of the negative electrode material was determined by excluding those having a pore size of 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the colloidal particle diameter of the organic shrinking agent in sulfuric acid was measured by a laser light scattering method, and the median value of the colloidal particle diameter on a volume basis was determined.
- the median pore diameter decreased with the S element content (FIG. 1), and although not shown in the figure, the colloidal particle diameter also decreased with the S element content.
- the S element in the organic shrinking agent may exist as a sulfonic acid group or a sulfonyl group.
- the content of S element in the organic pre-shrinking agent is fixed at 5000 ⁇ mol / g, its concentration is fixed at 0.15 mass%, and by changing the ratio of bisphenol A and bisphenol S, the S element content derived from the sulfonyl group and the sulfonic acid The ratio with the S element content derived from the group was changed. As shown in Table 1, the influence of the sulfonyl group or the sulfonic acid group was small.
- the organic shrunk agent has an S element content of 5000 ⁇ mol / g, of which the S element derived from the sulfonyl group is 1400 ⁇ mol / g, the rest is derived from the sulfonic acid group, and the organic shrunk agent concentration is 0.10 mass%, 0.15 mass%, 0.20 mass% It was changed in three stages. The results are shown in Table 2. Increasing the concentration of the organic shrinkage agent improved the low-temperature high-rate discharge performance, but did not change the low-rate discharge capacity. From this, the range of the preferable organic shrinkage agent concentration was set to 0.05 mass% or more and 0.3 mass% or less.
- a condensate of bisphenol A introduced with sulfonic acid groups by formaldehyde and a condensate of bisphenol S introduced with sulfonic acid groups by formaldehyde were used as organic shrinking agents. Then, the conditions for sulfonation were made stronger than before, and the average value of the number of sulfonic acid groups per molecule of bisphenol was increased. The mixture of bisphenol A, F and S was condensed and then sulfonated. In this way, the S element content in the organic anti-shrink agent after chemical conversion was adjusted to be in the range of 3000 ⁇ mol / g to 7500 ⁇ mol / g.
- lignin sulfonic acid having an S element content of 600 ⁇ mol / g in the organic anti-shrink agent after chemical conversion was used as a comparative example.
- the type of lead powder, manufacturing conditions, etc. are arbitrary, and components other than those described above may be included.
- Lead powder and synthetic fiber reinforcing material (0.1 mass% with respect to the formed positive electrode active material) were kneaded with water and sulfuric acid to obtain a positive electrode active material paste.
- This paste was filled in a Pb—Ca—Sn-based expanded lattice, dried and aged to obtain an unformed positive electrode plate.
- the unformed negative electrode plate is wrapped in a microporous polyethylene separator and set in a battery case together with the positive electrode plate. Then, an electrolytic solution made of sulfuric acid with a specific gravity of 1.30 is added at 25 ° C, and the battery case is formed. (0.2CA) was a 5.0A lead acid battery.
- the light load life test described in JIS D 5301: 2006 was changed, and in a water bath at 40 ° C, the battery was discharged at a constant current of 25A for 240 seconds, and then charged at 14.8V and a maximum of 25A for 600 seconds. Repeated 800 cycles.
- a negative electrode active material was collected from the lower end of the negative electrode plate up to 2 cm, and the amount of lead sulfate accumulated was measured. In this measurement, the collected negative electrode active material was first washed and dried, and the amount of S in the negative electrode active material was measured using an S elemental analyzer. Thereafter, the amount of S in lead sulfate was determined according to the following formula.
- S content in lead sulfate (S content obtained with S element analyzer)-(Sample mass x Organic shrinkage agent content x Organic shrinkage agent S element content) From the amount of S in the obtained lead sulfate, it was converted into the amount of lead sulfate, and the concentration of lead sulfate per mass of the sample was determined to obtain the amount of lead sulfate accumulation.
- 0.2CA discharge duration is increased from 2.3 g / cm 3 as the negative electrode active material density is high in the whole range of 3.8 g / cm 3, and an increase in range S element content is less 4000 ⁇ mol / g or more 6000 ⁇ mol / g On the other hand, when it exceeded 6000 ⁇ mol / g, the 0.2 CA discharge duration decreased (FIGS. 4 and 5).
- Resistivity of the negative electrode active material decreases the higher the content of the S element decreases from (Table 5, FIG. 6), also 2.3 g / cm 3 as the density of the negative electrode active material is high in all the range of 3.8 g / cm 3 (Table 6, FIG. 7).
- the charge acceptance performance improved and the amount of lead sulfate accumulated under the negative electrode plate decreased.
- the density of the negative electrode active material was 2.5 g / cm 3
- the effect of S element on the charge acceptance performance was small.
- the S element content was 3000 ⁇ mol / g
- the effect of the density of the negative electrode active material on the charge acceptance performance was small.
- the density is 2.7 g / cm 3 or more
- the effect of S element on the charge acceptance performance is increased, and when the density is 3.0 g / cm 3 or more, the effect of S element is further increased (FIG. 9).
- the S element content was 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more, particularly 4300 ⁇ mol / g or more, the effect of the density of the negative electrode active material increased (FIG. 8).
- the charge acceptance performance is particularly improved when the S element content is 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more, preferably 4300 ⁇ mol / g or more, and the density of the negative electrode active material is 2.7 g / cm 3 or more, preferably 3.0 g / cm 3 or more. (FIG. 8, FIG. 9).
- FIGS. 8 and 9 we have succeeded in maintaining the charge acceptance performance beyond the conventional level while reducing the amount of lead, which we wanted to solve for many years. This is the realization of the development of a battery suitable for practical use.
- the amount of lead sulfate accumulated in the lower part of the negative electrode plate decreased as the S element content was increased, and decreased even when the density of the negative electrode active material was increased (Table 5, Table 6, FIG. 10, FIG. 11).
- the density of the negative electrode active material was increased from 2.5 g / cm 3 to 2.7 g / cm 3 and further to 3.0 g / cm 3 , the effect of preventing the accumulation of lead sulfate by the S element was enhanced (FIGS. 10 and 11).
- the concentration of S element in the organic shrinkage agent is 4500 ⁇ mol / g and the density of the negative electrode active material is 3.8 g / cm 3
- the amount of lead sulfate accumulated at the bottom of the negative electrode plate is 36%
- the density is 3.7 It was 36.5% at g / cm 3 .
- the charge acceptance performance is inferior compared with 0.2mass% if carbon is not contained, and the charge acceptance performance is further increased if the carbon content is increased to 3.0mass%. Will improve.
- the amount of S element in the organic pre-shrinking agent is 6000 ⁇ mol / g and 0.2 mass% of carbon is contained, the charge acceptance performance is much better than when the amount of S element in the organic pre-shrinking agent is 600 ⁇ mol / g. Especially, the charge acceptance performance is good even when the active material density is low.
- the lower lead sulfate accumulation amount decreases as the carbon content increases when the amount of S element in the organic anti-shrink agent is 600 ⁇ mol / g.
- the amount of S element in the organic shrinking agent is changed from 600 ⁇ mol / g to 6000 ⁇ mol / g, the lower lead sulfate accumulation amount can be suppressed without containing a large amount of carbon. (Fig. 16)
- the low-temperature high-rate performance is improved by increasing the carbon content when the amount of S element in the organic shrinking agent is 600 ⁇ mol / g, but the improvement due to the carbon content is not so large. It can be greatly improved by increasing the amount of S element in the organic shrinking agent from 600 ⁇ mol / g to 6000 ⁇ mol / g.
- the 0.2CA discharge duration increases when the amount of S element in the organic shrinkage agent is 600 ⁇ mol / g, and increases when the carbon is changed from 0 to 0.2 mass%, but decreases when the carbon content is further increased to 3.0 mass%.
- the 0.2 CA discharge duration can be increased even if the carbon content is the same 0.2 mass%.
- the specific resistance decreases as the carbon content increases when the amount of S element in the organic anti-shrink agent is 600 ⁇ mol / g.
- the specific resistance can be suppressed without containing a large amount of carbon.
- S element content the density of the S element content (hereinafter simply referred to as “S element content”) of the organic shrinkage agent in the negative electrode active material in the examples and the density of the negative electrode active material (negative electrode material) is described in the above measurement method. The method was carried out.
- a lead-acid battery comprising a negative electrode material, negative electrode material density is not more 2.7 g / cm 3 or more 3.8 g / cm 3 or less, and contains an organic expander agent, sulfur in an organic expander agent Contains 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more of element (S element). This improved the charge acceptance performance.
- the S element content can be easily increased to 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more, which is preferable.
- the organic shrinkage agent is a condensate of bisphenols. According to this aspect, even if a high temperature environment is experienced, the starting performance at a low temperature is not impaired, so that it is suitable for a liquid type lead storage battery for automobiles and the like, which is preferable.
- the S element content of the organic shrinking agent is a total amount of a sulfonic acid group and a sulfonyl group. According to this one aspect, the growth of the organic shrinking agent particles can be suppressed, which is preferable. 8.
- the negative electrode plate removed from the lead-acid battery is washed with water to remove sulfuric acid, the negative electrode material is separated from the negative electrode plate from which sulfuric acid has been removed, and the negative electrode material is immersed in a 1 mol / l NaOH aqueous solution to insoluble components.
- the S element content of the powder sample obtained by concentration and drying was 3900 ⁇ mol / g or more, and the negative electrode material had a density of 2.7 g / cm 3 or more and 3.8 Lead-acid battery that is g / cm 3 or less. This improved the charge acceptance performance.
- the lead storage battery according to aspect 8, wherein the S element content of the powder sample is 4300 ⁇ mol / g or more and 6000 ⁇ mol / g or less. According to this aspect, the effect of improving the charge acceptance performance is particularly great, and the 0.2CA discharge sustainability can be increased, which is preferable. 12.
- the lead storage battery according to embodiment 12 or 13, wherein the S element content of the powder sample is a total amount of sulfonic acid groups and sulfonyl groups.
- the growth of the organic shrinking agent particles can be suppressed, which is preferable.
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Abstract
Description
この問題を、有機防縮剤中のS元素量により解決できることはこれまでわかっておらず、有機防縮剤中のS元素量を3900μmol/g以上にすることにより、通常4.4 g/cm3付近とされてきた負極活物質密度を2.7~3.8g/cm3 に下げても、カーボンを多量に入れなくても実用に耐える充電受入れ性能を得られることが今回初めて見いだされたものである。
今回、有機防縮剤中のS元素量を3900μmol/g以上にすることにより、充電受入れ性能の向上を達成している為、カーボンを多量に添加する必要がなくなった。カーボンの多量添加をせずに充電受入れ性を向上させることができるようになったことは、非常に大きな成果である。
さらに、0.2CAの放電持続時間を向上させることにも成功しており、負極活物質密度を下げても従来同等以上の0.2CAの放電持続時間を得ることができるようになった。0.2CAの放電持続時間の向上を達成した上に、カーボンの多量添加による0.2CAの放電持続時間が減少する影響をへらす構成を選択することを可能としたものである。
負極活物質密度が低密度であっても0.2CAの放電持続時間を維持できるようになっている。これは、これまでなしえなかった、活物質中の鉛量を減らしても容量を出すことを成し遂げたものである。これまで実用的でなかった低密度の負極活物質を用いることができるようになったことは、非常に大きな成果である。
負極活物質中の有機防縮剤のS元素含有量(以下単に「S元素含有量」)は、以下のようにして測定する。満充電された鉛蓄電池を分解し、負極板を取り出し水洗により硫酸分を除去し、乾燥重量を測定する。負極板から活物質を分離し、1mol/LのNaOH水溶液に浸漬して有機防縮剤を抽出し、紫外可視の吸収スペクトル等から有機防縮剤の種類を定性する。吸収スペクトルのみでは定性が不完全な場合、GC-MS,NMR等を併用しても良い。また有機防縮剤の種類毎の吸収波長での吸光度と検量線とを用い有機防縮剤の含有量を測定する。また、活物質から抽出して得られた有機防縮剤のNaOH水溶液をカラムや透析チューブを用いて脱塩し、濃縮・乾燥する。酸素燃焼フラスコ法により0.1gの有機防縮剤中のS元素を硫酸に変換し、トリンを指示薬として溶出液を過塩素酸バリウムで滴定することにより、有機防縮剤中のS元素含有量を求める。
過塩素酸バリウム水溶液の濃度をC (umol L-1)、滴定量V (L)とすると、S元素含有量Ws(umol g-1)は、Ws = CV / 0.1 となる。
なお、見かけの体積vは、負極活物質の固体容積と閉気孔の容積との和である。負極活物質を容積V1が既知の容器に充填し、水銀圧入法により細孔径が100μm以上に相当する容積V2を測定する。水銀の圧入を続け、全細孔容積uを測定し、(V1-V2)-uを見かけの容積vとし、負極活物質の密度dを d = 1 / (v+u) = 1 / (V1-V2) により求める。
ビスフェノール類縮合物から成る有機防縮剤を、負極電極材料に対し0.15mass%含有する既化成の負極板を製造した。水銀圧入法により体積基準の細孔径分布を測定し、細孔径が100μm以上のものを除くことにより、負極電極材料の中央細孔径を求めた。また、硫酸中での有機防縮剤のコロイド粒子径をレーザー光散乱法により測定し、コロイド粒子径の体積基準での中央値を求めた。中央細孔径はS元素含有量と共に小さくなり(図1)、また図には示さないがコロイド粒子径もS元素含有量と共に小さくなった。
鉛蓄電池の製造
鉛粉と、ビスフェノール類縮合物から成る有機防縮剤と、硫酸バリウム、カーボンブラック、及び合成繊維補強材を、水と硫酸で混練し、負極活物質ペーストとした。化成後の負極活物質(厳密には負極電極材料)に対して、有機防縮剤は0.10mass%、硫酸バリウムは1.0mass%、合成繊維補強材は0.05mass%、他にカーボンブラックを0.2mass%含有させた。これらの成分の好ましい含有量の範囲は、有機防縮剤は0.05mass%以上0.3mass%以下、硫酸バリウムは0.5mass%以上2.0mass%以下、合成繊維補強材は0.03mass%以上0.2mass%以下で、カーボンブラック等のカーボンは3.0mass%以下である。負極活物質ペーストを、Pb-Ca-Sn系合金からなるエキスパンド格子に充填し、乾燥と熟成を施して未化成の負極板とした。
有機防縮剤のS元素含有量を変えた電池に対し、以下の初期性能を測定した。
・ 0.2CA放電持続時間: 0.2CAの電流値で放電した際に、端子電圧が10.5Vへ低下するまでの時間
・ 低温ハイレート放電持続時間: -15℃の気槽中で150Aで放電した際に、端子電圧が6.0Vへ低下するまでの時間
・ 充電受入性能: 25℃で0.2CAの電流で2.5時間放電した後に、0℃で14.4Vの定電圧により充電した際の、充電開始から10分目の充電電流
・ 比抵抗: 負極活物質の比抵抗を4端子法により測定
硫酸鉛中のS量=(S元素分析装置で得られたS量)-(サンプル質量×有機防縮剤含有量×有機防縮剤S元素含有量)
得られた硫酸鉛中のS量から、硫酸鉛量に換算し、サンプル質量あたりの硫酸鉛濃度を求めて、硫酸鉛蓄積量とした。
課題で述べた様に、長年解決したかった、鉛量を減らした上で充電受入れ性能を従来程度以上に維持することに成功したことが、図8、図9からわかる。これは、実用に即した電池の開発が実現できたものである。
有機防縮剤中のS元素量が600μmol/gで含有量が0.1mass%で、カーボン含有量を0mass%、0.2mass%、3.0mass%とし、それ以外は実験1と同様にして電池を作製した。有機防縮剤中のS元素量が6000μmol/gで含有量が0.1mass%で、カーボン含有量を0.2mass%とし、それ以外は実験1と同様にして電池を作製した、これらの電池を、実験1と同様の評価を行った。これらの結果を表7、表8、図12~図16に示す。
有機防縮剤中のS元素量が600μmol/gで含有量が0.2mass%の場合は、活物質密度が3.8/cm3の場合に低温ハイレート性能153(S)で、有機防縮剤中のS元素量が6000μmol/gで含有量が0.2mass%の場合は、活物質密度が2.5/cm3の場合でも低温ハイレート性能は162(S)であり、活物質密度が3.8. g/cm3の時よりも大きい結果となっている。
カーボン含有量を増量した場合よりも、有機防縮剤中のS元素量を600μmol/gから6000μmol/gにした方が改善幅が大きい結果であった。(図12)
1.鉛蓄電池であって、負極電極材料を備え、負極電極材料は密度が2.7g/cm3以上3.8g/cm3以下であって、かつ有機防縮剤を含有し、有機防縮剤中に硫黄元素(S元素)を3900μmol/g以上含有する。このことにより、充電受入れ性能が向上した。
2.態様1において、有機防縮剤のS元素含有量が3900μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、低率放電容量を好適に保つことができるので好ましい。
3.態様1において、有機防縮剤のS元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、充電受入れ性能の向上効果が特に大きいので好ましい。
4.態様1において、有機防縮剤のS元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、充電受入れ性能の向上効果が特に大きく、0.2CA放電持続性能を大きくできるので好ましい。
5.態様1~4のいずれかにおいて、有機防縮剤は合成高分子である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、容易にS元素含有量を3900μmol/g以上にする事ができるので好ましい。
6.態様5において、有機防縮剤はビスフェノール類の縮合物である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、高温環境を経験しても、低温での始動性能が損なわれないので、自動車用などの液式の鉛蓄電池に好適であるので好ましい。
7.態様5または6において、有機防縮剤のS元素含有量は、スルホン酸基とスルホニル基の合計量である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、有機防縮剤粒子の成長を抑制することができるので好ましい。
8.鉛蓄電池から取り出した負極板を水洗して硫酸分を除去し、硫酸分を除去した負極板から負極電極材料を分離し、負極電極材料を1mol/lのNaOH水溶液に浸漬し、不溶成分を濾過で取り除いた溶液を脱塩した後、濃縮・乾燥して得た粉末試料のS元素含有量が3900μmol/g以上であって、かつ前記負極電極材料は密度が2.7g/cm3以上3.8g/cm3以下である鉛蓄電池。このことにより、充電受入れ性能が向上した。
9.態様8において、粉末試料のS元素含有量が3900μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、低率放電容量を好適に保つことができるので好ましい。
10.態様8において、粉末試料のS元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、充電受入れ性能の向上効果が特に大きいので好ましい。
11.態様8において、粉末試料のS元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、充電受入れ性能の向上効果が特に大きく、0.2CA放電持続性能を大きくできるので好ましい。
12.態様8~11のいずれかにおいて、粉末試料は合成高分子である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、容易にS元素含有量を3900μmol/g以上にする事ができるので好ましい。
13.態様12において、粉末試料はビスフェノール類の縮合物である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、高温環境を経験しても、低温での始動性能が損なわれないので、自動車用などの液式の鉛蓄電池に好適であるので好ましい。
14.態様12または13において、粉末試料のS元素含有量は、スルホン酸基とスルホニル基の合計量である鉛蓄電池。この一側面によれば、有機防縮剤粒子の成長を抑制することができるので好ましい。
15.鉛蓄電池の製造方法であって、負極電極材料を備え、負極電極材料は密度が2.7g/cm3以上3.8g/cm3以下であって、かつ有機防縮剤を含有し、有機防縮剤中に硫黄元素(S元素)を3900μmol/g以上含有するように負極を作製した。このことにより、充電受入れ性能が向上した。
Claims (15)
- 鉛蓄電池であって、
負極電極材料を備え、
前記負極電極材料は密度が2.7g/cm3以上3.8g/cm3以下であって、かつ有機防縮剤を含有し、
前記有機防縮剤中に硫黄元素(S元素)を3900μmol/g以上含有することを特徴とする。 - 前記有機防縮剤の前記S元素含有量が3900μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記有機防縮剤の前記S元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上であることを特徴とする請求項1の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記有機防縮剤の前記S元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項1の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記有機防縮剤は合成高分子であることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれかの鉛蓄電池。
- 前記有機防縮剤はビスフェノール類の縮合物であることを特徴とする請求項5の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記有機防縮剤の前記S元素含有量は、スルホン酸基とスルホニル基の合計量である請求項5または6の鉛蓄電池。
- 鉛蓄電池から取り出した負極板を水洗して硫酸分を除去し、
硫酸分を除去した負極板から負極電極材料を分離し、
負極電極材料を1mol/lのNaOH水溶液に浸漬し、
不溶成分を濾過で取り除いた溶液を脱塩した後、濃縮・乾燥して得た粉末試料のS元素含有量が3900μmol/g以上であって、
かつ前記負極電極材料は密度が2.7g/cm3以上3.8g/cm3以下であることを特徴とする鉛蓄電池。 - 前記粉末試料の前記S元素含有量が3900μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項8の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記粉末試料の前記S元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上であることを特徴とする請求項8の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記粉末試料の前記S元素含有量が4300μmol/g以上6000μmol/g以下であることを特徴とする請求項8の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記粉末試料は合成高分子であることを特徴とする請求項8~11のいずれかの鉛蓄電池。
- 前記粉末試料はビスフェノール類の縮合物であることを特徴とする請求項12の鉛蓄電池。
- 前記粉末試料の前記S元素含有量は、スルホン酸基とスルホニル基の合計量である請求項12または13の鉛蓄電池。
- 鉛蓄電池の製造方法であって、
負極電極材料を備え、
前記負極電極材料は密度が2.7g/cm3以上3.8g/cm3以下であって、かつ有機防縮剤を含有し、
前記有機防縮剤中に硫黄元素(S元素)を3900μmol/g以上含有するように負極を作製したことを特徴とする。
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JP2018018799A (ja) * | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | 株式会社Gsユアサ | 鉛蓄電池 |
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JP6690636B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 |
JPWO2016157884A1 (ja) | 2018-01-25 |
US10608242B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
US20180083267A1 (en) | 2018-03-22 |
EP3279980A1 (en) | 2018-02-07 |
EP3279980A4 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
CN107408702A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
EP3279980B1 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
CN107408702B (zh) | 2020-07-14 |
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