WO2016152571A1 - 鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物及び鉄道レール用軌道パッド - Google Patents
鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物及び鉄道レール用軌道パッド Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016152571A1 WO2016152571A1 PCT/JP2016/057693 JP2016057693W WO2016152571A1 WO 2016152571 A1 WO2016152571 A1 WO 2016152571A1 JP 2016057693 W JP2016057693 W JP 2016057693W WO 2016152571 A1 WO2016152571 A1 WO 2016152571A1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
- E01B9/681—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material
- E01B9/683—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair characterised by the material layered or composite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/16—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
- C08F210/18—Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers with non-conjugated dienes, e.g. EPT rubbers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
- C08J9/104—Hydrazines; Hydrazides; Semicarbazides; Semicarbazones; Hydrazones; Derivatives thereof
- C08J9/105—Hydrazines; Hydrazides; Semicarbazides; Semicarbazones; Hydrazones; Derivatives thereof containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/346—Clay
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/548—Silicon-containing compounds containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B9/00—Fastening rails on sleepers, or the like
- E01B9/68—Pads or the like, e.g. of wood, rubber, placed under the rail, tie-plate, or chair
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/06—Sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a railroad track pad composition and a railroad track pad obtained by crosslinking the composition.
- rail pads are used as anti-vibration materials to reduce vibration and noise generated when the vehicle is running.
- This rail pad includes a track pad inserted between the rail and the sleeper, a sleeper pad laid under the sleeper, and a vibration slab for the track slab laid under the slab of the slab track.
- railroad track track pads are generally manufactured by filling a mold with a rubber composition (flat rubber fabric) and pressurizing and heat forming (Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- EPDM ethylene / propylene / diene copolymer rubber
- the present invention provides a highly fluid rubber composition suitable for injection molding by reducing the viscosity of the rubber composition as a molding raw material while suppressing the decrease in rubber elasticity of the resulting crosslinked molded article. Objective.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that by using a specific combination of additives in the rubber composition, it is possible to suppress a decrease in rubber elasticity of the crosslinked molded body while realizing low viscosity.
- the structural unit derived from the ⁇ -olefin [b] having 3 to 20 carbon atoms is 10 to 50 mol% in 100 mol% of all structural units,
- the sum of the mol% of structural units derived from non-conjugated polyene [c-1] and the mol% of structural units derived from non-conjugated polyene [c-2] is 1.0 to 6.0 mol%.
- a rail pad for a railroad rail obtained by crosslinking the above composition.
- the obtained cross-linked molded product exhibits good rubber elasticity required for a track pad for railroad rails.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene random copolymer (A) (hereinafter referred to as copolymer (A)) used in the present invention comprises ethylene [a], ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms [b ], A non-conjugated polyene [c-1] containing only one partial structure represented by the structural formula (I) or (II) in the molecule, and the group consisting of the structural formulas (I) and (II) Ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated containing a structural unit derived from non-conjugated polyene [c-2] containing at least two selected partial structures in the molecule and satisfying the above conditions (1) to (6) It is a polyene random copolymer.
- ⁇ -olefin [b] having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-heptene and 1-octene. 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-eicocene and the like. Of these, ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene and 1-octene are particularly preferable. Such ⁇ -olefins are preferred because the raw material costs are relatively low and the resulting copolymer exhibits excellent mechanical properties.
- the copolymer used in the present invention contains at least one structural unit derived from an ⁇ -olefin [b] having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and has two or more types of ⁇ having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- -It may contain a structural unit derived from olefin [b].
- component [c-1] examples of the non-conjugated polyene [c-1] containing only one partial structure represented by the structural formula (I) or (II) in the molecule include vinyl groups (CH 2 ⁇ CH—) at both molecular ends. Aliphatic polyenes are not included. Examples of component [c-1] include the following aliphatic polyenes and alicyclic polyenes.
- aliphatic polyene examples include 1,4-hexadiene, 1,5-heptadiene, 1,6-octadiene, 1,7-nonadiene, 1,8-decadiene, 1,12-tetradecadiene, 3- Methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 4-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,4-hexadiene, 4-ethyl-1,4-hexadiene, 3,3-dimethyl-1,4-hexadiene, 5-methyl-1,4-heptadiene, 5-ethyl-1,4-heptadiene, 5-methyl-1,5-heptadiene, 6-methyl-1,5-heptadiene, 5-ethyl-1,5-heptadiene, 4-methyl-1,4-octadiene, 5-methyl-1,4-octadiene, 4-ethyl-1,4-octadiene, 5-ethyl-1,4-octa
- Examples of the alicyclic polyene include an alicyclic portion having one carbon / carbon double bond (unsaturated bond) and a carbon atom constituting the alicyclic portion bonded by a carbon / carbon double bond. And polyenes composed of chain-like moieties (ethylidene, propylidene, etc.). Specific examples include 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), 5-propylidene-2-norbornene, 5-butylidene- Examples thereof include 2-norbornene, and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) is preferably used. Specific examples of the other alicyclic polyenes include 2-methyl-2,5-norbornadiene and 2-ethyl-2,5-norbornadiene.
- the copolymer used in the present invention contains at least one structural unit derived from component [c-1], and contains a structural unit derived from two or more components [c-1]. Also good.
- Non-conjugated polyene [c-2] containing two or more partial structures selected from the group consisting of structural formulas (I) and (II) in the molecule in total includes, for example, a carbon-carbon double bond (unsaturated) Alicyclic polyene having an alicyclic moiety having a bond) and a chain-like moiety bonded to a carbon atom constituting the alicyclic moiety and containing a vinyl group, a fat having a vinyl group at both ends of the molecule Group polyenes.
- 5-alkenyl-2-norbornene such as 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB) and 5-allyl-2-norbornene
- VNB 5-vinyl-2-norbornene
- DCPD dicyclopentadiene
- norbornadiene norbornadiene
- alicyclic polyene such as deca-3,8-diene
- ⁇ , ⁇ -diene such as 1,7-octadiene, 1,9-decadiene, etc.
- Aliphatic polyenes are mentioned.
- VNB 5-vinyl-2-norbornene
- VNB 5-alkenyl-2-norbornene
- dicyclopentadiene 2,5-norbornadiene
- 1,7-octadiene 1,9-decadiene
- VNB 5-vinyl -2-Norbornene
- the copolymer used in the present invention contains at least one structural unit derived from component [c-2], and contains a structural unit derived from two or more components [c-2]. Also good.
- the structural unit derived from the ⁇ -olefin [b] having 3 to 20 carbon atoms is 10 to 50% by mole, preferably 25 to 45% in 100% by mole of all the structural units. Mol%.
- the structural unit (mol%) derived from ⁇ -olefin [b] is in the above range, from the viewpoint of the flexibility of the crosslinked foam obtained from the rubber composition containing the copolymer and the mechanical properties at low temperature. Is preferred.
- the molar ratio can be determined by 13 C-NMR.
- the copolymer (A) used in the present invention has a total of 1. mol% of structural units derived from nonconjugated polyene [c-1] and 1 mol% of structural units derived from nonconjugated polyene [c-2].
- the content is 0 to 6.0 mol%, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mol%. It is preferable that the total of the mol% is within the above range because the vulcanization reaction rate can be controlled relatively easily.
- the sum of the mol% can be determined by adding the molar amounts of ENB and VNB determined by 13 C-NMR, for example.
- the copolymer used in the present invention has a ratio between the mol% of structural units derived from non-conjugated polyene [c-1] and the mol% of structural units derived from non-conjugated polyene [c-2] ([c-1 ] / [C-2]) is 75/25 to 99.5 / 0.5, preferably 78/22 to 97/3. It is preferable for this mole% ratio to be in the above-mentioned range because of excellent balance between vulcanization reactivity and gas retention during foaming reaction.
- the mol% of each structural unit can be determined by 13 C-NMR.
- copolymer (A1) obtained from ethylene, propylene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), which are copolymers (A) used in the present invention, will be described below. Taking as an example, a method for obtaining requirements (1) to (3) will be specifically shown.
- ethylene structure by 13 C-NMR of propylene and ENB copolymer (composition) analysis
- CJ Carman, RA Harrington, and CE Wilkes Macromolecules, 10, p536-544 (1977), Masahiro Kakugo, Yukio Naito , Kooji Mizunuma, and Tatsuya Miyatake, Macromolecules, 15, p1150-1152 (1982), and G. Van der Velden, Macromolecules, 16, p85-89 (1983).
- Lasarov Tuula T. Pakkanen, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 20, p356-360 (1999) and Harri Lasarov *, Tuula T. Pakkanen, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 22, p434-438 (2001) It was.
- each peak derived from ethylene, propylene, ENB and VNB was determined by 13 C-NMR.
- ENB Integration value of ENB-3 peak 4)
- VNB Integration value of VNB-7 peak
- mol% of structural units derived from ENB and VNB was calculated.
- the conversion to mass% was performed with the molecular weight of ethylene being 28.05, the molecular weight of propylene being 42.08, and the molecular weight of ENB and VNB being 120.2.
- the copolymer (A) used in the present invention has a Mooney viscosity [ML 1 + 4 (100 ° C.)] measured at 100 ° C. of 10 to 90.
- the Mooney viscosity is preferably 10 to 80.
- the rubber compound viscosity as a foaming medium can be set relatively easily, and a blending design excellent in kneadability is possible, which is preferable.
- the Mooney viscosity can be measured according to JIS K6300 using a Mooney viscometer (SMV202 type manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the apparent iodine value of the structural unit derived from the non-conjugated polyene [c-2] is 0.1 to 3.0 g / 100 g.
- the apparent iodine value of the component [c-2] is preferably 0.4 to 3.0 g / 100 g, more preferably 0.5 to 3.0 g / 100 g.
- the apparent iodine value of the non-conjugated polyene [c-2] is in the above range because the foamability and kneading stability are excellent.
- the apparent iodine value of non-conjugated polyene [c-2] can be determined by 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR.
- copolymer (A) of the present invention a copolymer (A1) obtained from ethylene, propylene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB) is taken as an example.
- ENB 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene
- VNB 5-vinyl-2-norbornene
- integral values of structural units derived from ethylene, propylene, ENB (3-position peak) and VNB (7-position peak) in the copolymer were determined from a 13 C-NMR spectrum.
- the molar ratio of structural units derived from ENB and VNB was calculated from the ratio of the obtained integral values, and the mass% of ENB was determined from the molecular weight of ethylene, propylene, ENB and VNB.
- the integrated value of the peak (a) derived from ENB and the integrated value of the peak (c) derived from the vinyl group of VNB were determined as follows.
- Integrated value of peak (a) derived from ENB [total integrated value of plural peaks near 4.7 to 5.3 ppm] ⁇ [integrated value of peak (c) ⁇ 2]
- the plurality of peaks in the vicinity of 4.7 to 5.3 ppm include both peak (a) and peak (b).
- the integrated value of the peak (b) derived from two equivalent protons is regarded as twice the integrated value of the peak (c) derived from one proton, It is subtracted from the integrated value of multiple peaks around 4.7 to 5.3 ppm.
- Integrated value of peak (c) derived from vinyl group of VNB Sum of integrated values of peaks near 5.5 to 6.0 ppm. Peaks (a) to (c) of 1) and 2) are respectively (A), (b) and (c) in the following formulas (X) and (Y) are shown.
- the apparent iodine value (IV (VNB) ) of the structural unit derived from VNB was calculated from the following formula using the obtained integrated value.
- the molecular weight of iodine (I 2 ) is 253.81.
- VNB [integrated value of peak (c) derived from vinyl group of VNB] / [integrated value of peak (a) derived from ENB] ⁇ [mass% of ENB determined from 13 C-NMR spectrum] ⁇ 253.81 / 120.2
- the copolymer (A) used in the present invention satisfies the following formula (i), and preferably satisfies the following formula (i ′).
- Viscosity ( ⁇ o) Aexp (Ea / RT) (j) R: Gas constant, A: Frequency factor, Ea: Flow activation energy, T: Absolute temperature Since the flow activation energy does not depend on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution but is influenced only by the molecular structure, the structure of the polymer It is a useful index that represents information.
- the vulcanization reaction and foaming reaction are controlled along with the properties of the composition. It is important to. For example, if the viscosity of the composition is too low, the retention of foaming gas is poor, the specific gravity cannot be lowered, and the appearance is further deteriorated. On the other hand, if the viscosity of the composition is too high, foaming will not occur. Further, as one of the factors affecting the viscosity of the composition, there is a network formation by a crosslinking reaction of EPDM, and the control of the crosslinking reaction is also important.
- EPDM ethylene / propylene / diene copolymer rubber
- the copolymer (A) used in the present invention is preferably synthesized by using a metallocene catalyst, so that the diene component is uniformly introduced into the polymer to control the crosslinking reaction, and one of the diene components.
- a metallocene catalyst As a result, more long-chain branches were introduced by copolymerizing the component [c-2] such as 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), and the structural characteristics thereof were specified by the flow activation energy.
- VNB 5-vinyl-2-norbornene
- a crosslinked foam obtained by crosslinking and foaming a composition containing the copolymer (A) having a flow activation energy satisfying the above formula (i) can be used to produce a high foam that has been difficult to achieve so far. It becomes possible to carry out easily and stably.
- the crosslinked foam obtained by the composition containing the copolymer (A) exhibits remarkably excellent surface smoothness.
- the flow activation energy (Ea) of the copolymer used in the present invention is the frequency (unit: Hz) of the melt complex viscosity (unit: Pa ⁇ sec) at 190 ° C., based on the principle of temperature-time superposition. It is a numerical value calculated by the Arrhenius equation from the shift factor (aT) at the time of creating the master curve showing the dependency, and is obtained by the following method.
- melt complex viscosity-frequency curve (unit of melt complex viscosity; Pa / sec, unit of frequency; Hz) of the copolymer at temperatures of 170 ° C. and 210 ° C. (T, unit; ° C.) is expressed as temperature-time.
- T unit of melt complex viscosity
- T unit; ° C.
- Ea is obtained from the slope m of the linear approximation formula and the following formula (2).
- ln (aT) m (1 / (T + 273.16)) + n (1)
- Ea [0.008314 ⁇ m] (2)
- aT shift factor
- Ea activation energy of flow (unit: kJ / mol)
- T temperature (unit: ° C)
- n intercept
- calculation software manufactured by T.A. Instruments Japan Co., Ltd., RSI Orchestrator VER. 6.6.3 etc. are mentioned.
- the melt complex viscosity-frequency curve was measured using a viscoelasticity measuring apparatus (for example, a viscoelasticity tester (model RDS-2) manufactured by Rheometric). Specifically, as a sample, a 2 mm thick sheet obtained by pressing the copolymer at 190 ° C. and formed into a disk shape having a diameter of 25 mm ⁇ 2 mm was used, and the measurement was performed under the following conditions. .
- RSI Orchestrator VER. 6.6.3 manufactured by TI Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.
- the copolymer used in the present invention is a copolymer synthesized using a metallocene catalyst as described above.
- the following formula (III), (IV) or (V) is used as the metallocene catalyst.
- the catalyst represented by is preferable.
- the compound represented by formula (III) will be described.
- each R is independently a group or hydrogen atom selected from hydrocarbyl, halohydrocarbyl, silyl, germyl, and combinations thereof, and the number of atoms other than hydrogen contained in the group is 20 or less. It is.
- M is titanium, zirconium or hafnium.
- Y is —O—, —S—, —NR * — or —PR * —.
- R * is a hydrogen atom, hydrocarbyl group, hydrocarbyloxy group, silyl group, halogenated alkyl group or halogenated aryl group, and when R * is not hydrogen, R * represents up to 20 non-hydrogen atoms. contains.
- Z is a divalent group containing boron or a group 14 element and containing nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur or oxygen, and the divalent group has 60 or less atoms other than hydrogen atoms. is there.
- X is independently an anionic ligand having 60 or less atoms when a plurality of X are present (excluding a cyclic ligand in which ⁇ electrons are delocalized).
- X ′ is a neutral linking compound having 20 or less atoms, independently when there are a plurality of X ′.
- p is 0, 1 or 2.
- q is 0 or 1.
- X is halide, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, di (hydrocarbyl) amide, di (hydrocarbyl) phosphide, hydrocarbyl sulfide, silyl group,
- An anionic ligand selected from a halo-substituted derivative, a di (hydrocarbyl) amino-substituted derivative, a hydrocarbyloxy-substituted derivative and a di (hydrocarbyl) phosphino-substituted derivative, wherein the number of atoms other than hydrogen atoms of X is 20 or less is there.
- M is in the +3 oxidation state
- X is allyl, 2- (N, N′-dimethylaminomethyl) phenyl and 2- (N, N′-dimethyl) aminobenzyl.
- M is in an oxidation state of +4, and X is a divalent conjugated diene derivative to form metallacyclopentene with M.
- X ′ is a neutral conjugated or nonconjugated diene which may be substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl groups, and has 40 carbon atoms. It is contained in a number of 1 or less and forms a ⁇ complex with M.
- R 1 and R 2 are a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is not a hydrogen atom.
- R 3 to R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R 1 to R 6 may combine with each other to form a ring.
- M is titanium.
- Y is —O—, —S—, —NR * — or —PR * —.
- Each R * is independently a hydrogen atom, hydrocarbyl group, hydrocarbyloxy group, silyl group, halogenated alkyl group or halogenated aryl group, and when R * is not hydrogen, R * is up to 20 hydrogen atoms; Contains atoms other than.
- Z two binding of the * R * (when R * is not hydrogen) may also form a ring, R * binding to R * and Y bonded to Z * may form a ring.
- p is 0, 1 or 2.
- q is 0 or 1. However, when p is 2, q is 0, M is in a +4 oxidation state, and X is independently a methyl group or a benzyl group.
- R ′ is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl group, a di (hydrocarbylamino) group, or a hydrocarbyleneamino group, and when R ′ has a carbon atom, the number of carbon atoms is 20 or less.
- R ′′ is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.
- M is titanium.
- Y represents —O—, —S—, —NR * —, —PR * —, —NR 2 * , or —PR 2 * .
- R * is a group containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy, silyl, alkyl halide, and aryl halide, each independently when there are a plurality of R * s ;
- R * includes atoms having an atomic number of 2 to 20, and two R * s (if R * is not a hydrogen atom) that Z * may optionally form a ring, and R * and Y of Z * R * in the above may form a ring.
- X is a monovalent anionic ligand having 60 or less atoms, excluding a cyclic ligand in which ⁇ electrons are delocalized.
- X ' is a neutral linking group having 20 or less atoms.
- X ′′ is a divalent anionic ligand having 60 or less atoms.
- P is 0, 1 or 2.
- q is 0 or 1.
- r is 0 or 1.
- q and r are 0 and M is an oxidation state of +4 (except when Y is —NR * 2 or —PR * 2 ), or M is an oxidation state of +3 (provided that , Y is —NR * 2 or —PR * 2 , and X is a halide group, hydrocarbyl group, hydrocarbyloxy group, di (hydrocarbyl) amide group, di (hydrocarbyl) phosphide group, hydrocarbyl sulfide group, and silyl Groups, as well as groups in which these groups are halogen substituted, groups in which these groups are di (hydrocarbyl) amino substituted, groups in which these groups are hydrocarbyloxy substituted and groups in which these groups are di (hydrocarbyl) phosphino substituted
- An anionic ligand selected from the group consisting of the above groups, wherein the group comprises atoms having atomic numbers from 2 to 30.
- X ′′ is a dianionic selected from the group consisting of a hydrocarbazyl group, an oxyhydrocarbyl group, and a hydrocarbylene dioxy group A ligand, wherein X ′′ has an atom number of 2 to 30.
- M is the oxidation state of +3
- X is allyl, 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) phenyl, 2- (N, N-dimethylaminomethyl) )
- An anionic stabilizing ligand selected from the group consisting of phenyl and 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzyl.
- X ′ is a neutral conjugated diene or neutral diconjugated, optionally substituted with one or more hydrocarbyl groups It is a diene, and the X ′ has a carbon atom number of 40 or less and forms a bond with M by ⁇ - ⁇ interaction.
- R ′ is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- R ′′ is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom
- M is titanium
- Z * is —SiR * 2-
- each R * is independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- p and q are When one is 0, the other is 1, p is 0 and q is 1, M is in the +2 oxidation state and X ′ is 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene or 1 , 3-pentadiene, p is 1 and q is 0, M is in the +3 oxidation state and X is 2- (N, N-dimethylamino) benzyl.
- hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include linear alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a butyl group, and branched alkyl groups such as a t-butyl group and a neopentyl group, and examples of the hydrocarbyloxy group include a methyl group.
- examples thereof include linear alkyloxy groups such as oxy group, ethyloxy group and butyloxy group, and branched alkyloxy groups such as t-butyloxy group and neopentyloxy group.
- chlorinated, brominated or fluorinated groups or branched alkyl groups examples include linear alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a butyl group, and branched alkyl groups such as a t-butyloxy group and neopentyloxy group.
- halogenated aryl group examples include a chlorinated phenyl group and a chlorinated naphthyl group.
- R ′′ is preferably a hydrogen atom or methyl, and is preferably methyl.
- a particularly preferred catalyst is (t-butylamido) dimethyl ( ⁇ 5 -2-methyl-s-indasen-1-yl) silane titanium (II) 2,4-hexadiene (formula (VI) below), (t-butylamide) -Dimethyl ( ⁇ 5 -2-methyl-s-indasen-1-yl) silane-titanium (IV) dimethyl (formula (VII) below), (t-butylamido) -dimethyl ( ⁇ 5 -2,3-dimethylind Nyl) silane titanium (II) 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (formula (VIII) below), (t-butyl-amido) -dimethyl ( ⁇ 5 -2,3-dimethyl-s-indacene-1 -Yl) silane titanium (IV) dimethyl (formula (IX) below), (t-butylamido) -dimethyl ( ⁇ 5 -2-methyl-
- a catalyst having a structure represented by the above formula (X) in the polymerization reaction for obtaining the copolymer (A) used in the present invention, a non-conjugated polyene (component [c-1] and component [c] -2]) is excellent in copolymerizability, and, for example, a double bond at the VNB end can be efficiently incorporated and a long-chain branch can be introduced at a high rate. Further, when this catalyst is used, a copolymer having a very uniform molecular structure can be prepared with a narrow molecular weight distribution and composition distribution of the obtained copolymer.
- a rubber molded product comprising such a copolymer is excellent in surface appearance because it does not contain gel-like particles, and also has excellent production stability because of excellent shape retention.
- catalysts can be prepared using well-known synthetic techniques. For example, it is disclosed in International Publication WO98 / 49212.
- a metallocene catalyst preferably a catalyst having the structure exemplified above is used. More specifically, the above catalyst is a main catalyst, an organic aluminum compound such as a boron-based compound and / or a trialkyl compound is used as a co-catalyst, an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as hexane is used as a solvent, and a continuous method using a reactor with a stirrer or A batch method is mentioned.
- boron compounds include trimethylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, di (hydrogenated tallowalkyl) methylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triethylammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, tripropylammonium tetrakis (penta Fluorophenyl) borate, tri (n-butyl) ammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, tri (sec-butyl) ammonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, N, N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, N, N-dimethylanilinium n-butyltris (pentafluorophenyl) borate, N, N-dimethylanilini
- organoaluminum compound examples include triisobutylaluminum (hereinafter also referred to as “TIBA”).
- the reaction temperature can be raised to 100 ° C because the catalyst is not deactivated even at high temperatures.
- the polymerization pressure is in the range of more than 0 to ⁇ 8 MPa (gauge pressure), preferably more than 0 to ⁇ 5 MPa (gauge pressure).
- the reaction time (average residence time when copolymerization is carried out in a continuous process) varies depending on conditions such as catalyst concentration and polymerization temperature, but is usually 0.5 minutes to 5 hours, preferably 10 minutes to 3 hours. Further, in the copolymerization, a molecular weight regulator such as hydrogen can be used.
- the molar (feed) ratio ([a] / [b]) between ethylene [a] and the ⁇ -olefin [b] is 25/75 to 80/20, preferably 30/70 to 70/30.
- the molar (charge) ratio ([c-1] / [c-2]) between the nonconjugated polyene [c-1] and the nonconjugated polyene [c-2] is 60/40 to 99.5 / 0. .5, preferably 65/35 to 99/1.
- the molar (feed) ratio ([a] / [c-1]) between ethylene [a] and the non-conjugated polyene [c-1] is 70/30 to 99/1, preferably 80/20 to 98/2. It is.
- the molar (feed) ratio ([a] / [c-2]) between ethylene [a] and the non-conjugated polyene [c-2] is 70/30 to 99.9 / 0.1, preferably 80/20. ⁇ 99.5 / 0.5.
- the copolymer (A) used in the present invention thus obtained has 10 to 50 mol of structural units derived from ⁇ -olefin [b] having 3 to 20 carbon atoms out of 100 mol% of all structural units. %, Preferably 25 to 45 mol%. Further, the total of the mol% of the structural unit derived from the non-conjugated polyene [c-1] and the structural unit derived from the non-conjugated polyene [c-2] is 1.0 to 6.0 mol%, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mol%.
- Ratio of mol% of structural units derived from non-conjugated polyene [c-1] to mol% of structural units derived from non-conjugated polyene [c-2] is 75/25 to 99.5 / 0.5, preferably 78/22 to 97/3.
- composition for railroad track pads according to the present invention contains the copolymer (A), clay (B) and sulfur atom-containing silane coupling agent (C).
- the other components are not particularly limited, but preferably include, for example, a reinforcing agent such as carbon black, a softening agent such as oil, a vulcanizing agent and a vulcanizing aid, a foaming agent and a foaming aid.
- the present inventors have formed a hydrogen bond with the surface of the clay (B) in which the alkoxy group of the sulfur atom-containing silane coupling agent (C) has a sulfur atom. It is presumed that the interaction between the copolymer (A) and the clay (B), particularly the interaction during vulcanization, is strengthened and the elasticity of the rubber composition is increased.
- the content of the copolymer (A) in the entire rubber composition is preferably 20% by mass or more.
- the clay (B) in the rubber composition as a whole is preferably used in a proportion of 5 to 200 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A).
- the sulfur atom-containing run coupling agent (C) is preferably used in a proportion of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 3 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A). .
- the clay refers to a white powdery product industrially purified from natural ore containing hydrous aluminum silicate as a main component, and in particular, in the present invention, a commercially available product can be suitably used as a rubber clay. .
- a clay surface-treated with a silane coupling agent for example, a trade name “Burges KE” manufactured by Burgess is particularly preferable.
- the silane coupling agent (C) contains at least one sulfur atom in the molecule.
- Specific examples of the silane coupling agent (C) include bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, and bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide.
- Sulfide bis (2-trimethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3- And sulfur-based silane coupling agents having one or more structures selected from mercapto groups and sulfides such as mercaptopropylmethyldiethoxysilane.
- Carbon black is used in an amount of 30 to 300 parts by mass, preferably 50 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of copolymer (A) in order to obtain a rubber composition capable of providing a vulcanized rubber molded article having sufficient mechanical strength. It is used in a proportion of 200 parts by mass, more preferably 61 to 200 parts by mass, most preferably 80 to 200 parts by mass.
- Carbon black As carbon black, SRF, GPF, FEF, MAF, HAF, ISAF, SAF, FT, MT and the like can be used. Carbon black preferably has a nitrogen adsorption specific surface area of 10 to 100 m 2 / g from the viewpoint of obtaining a rubber composition capable of providing a vulcanized rubber molded article having good mechanical strength and product skin.
- the rubber composition according to the present invention includes a rubber reinforcing agent other than carbon black, an inorganic filler other than clay (B), a softening agent, an anti-aging agent, a processing aid, a foaming agent, a foaming aid, a vulcanization accelerator, Conventionally known additives such as organic peroxides, vulcanization aids, colorants, dispersants, flame retardants and the like can be blended within a range that does not impair the purpose and effect of the present invention.
- the rubber reinforcing agent has an effect of enhancing mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, and wear resistance of the crosslinked (vulcanized) rubber.
- Specific examples of such a rubber reinforcing agent include finely divided silicic acid and silica. These may be subjected to a silane coupling treatment in advance.
- silica examples include fumed silica and precipitated silica. These silicas may be surface-treated with a reactive silane such as mercaptosilane, aminosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, chlorosilane, or alkoxysilane, or a low molecular weight siloxane.
- a reactive silane such as mercaptosilane, aminosilane, hexamethyldisilazane, chlorosilane, or alkoxysilane, or a low molecular weight siloxane.
- the type and blending amount of these rubber reinforcing agents can be appropriately selected depending on the use, but the blending amount of the rubber reinforcing agent (excluding carbon black) is usually maximum with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A). 150 parts by weight, preferably up to 100 parts by weight. In the injection molding, it is preferable not to use a rubber reinforcing agent other than carbon black.
- Inorganic filler in addition to clay (B), other inorganic fillers such as light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, talc and the like may be added within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
- the compounding quantity of the inorganic filler is usually 300 parts by mass at maximum with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A), preferably The maximum is 200 parts by mass.
- Softener As the softener, a softener usually used for rubber can be used. Specifically, petroleum-based softeners such as process oil, lubricating oil, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin, petroleum asphalt, and petroleum jelly; coal-tar softeners such as coal tar and coal tar pitch; castor oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil Fatty oil softeners such as soybean oil and palm oil; tall oil; sub (factis); waxes such as beeswax, carnauba wax and lanolin; ricinoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, barium stearate, calcium stearate, lauric acid Fatty acids and fatty acid salts such as zinc acid; naphthenic acid; pine oil, rosin or derivatives thereof; synthetic polymer substances such as terpene resin, petroleum resin, atactic polypropylene, coumarone indene resin; dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl adipate
- Anti-aging agent examples include amine-based, hindered phenol-based and sulfur-based anti-aging agents, and these anti-aging agents are used within the range not impairing the object of the present invention as described above.
- examples of amine-based antioxidants include diphenylamines and phenylenediamines.
- sulfur-based anti-aging agent a sulfur-based anti-aging agent usually used for rubber is used.
- processing aid a processing aid used for ordinary rubber processing can be used. Specifically, higher fatty acids such as linoleic acid, ricinoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, lauric acid; salts of higher fatty acids such as barium stearate, zinc stearate, calcium stearate; esters of the higher fatty acids, etc. It is done.
- Such a processing aid is usually used in a proportion of 10 parts by mass or less, preferably 5 parts by mass or less, based on 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A). It is desirable to determine the amount.
- foaming agent examples include inorganic foaming agents such as sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate), sodium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium nitrite; N, N′-dimethyl-N, N′-dinitrosotephthale Nitroso compounds such as amide, N, N′-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine (DPT); azodicarbonamide (ADCA), azobisisobutyronitrile (AZBN), azobiscyclohexylnitrile, azodiaminobenzene, barium azodicarboxy Azo compounds such as benzene sulfonyl hydrazide (BSH), toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH), p, p'-oxybis (benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH), sulfonyl hydrazides such as sodium bicarbonate (sodium bi
- foaming agents are usually used in a proportion of 0.5 to 30 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A).
- foaming aid Moreover, you may use a foaming adjuvant together with a foaming agent as needed.
- the foaming auxiliary agent acts to lower the decomposition temperature of the foaming agent, accelerate the decomposition, and make the bubbles uniform.
- foaming aids include organic acids such as salicylic acid, phthalic acid, stearic acid, and oxalic acid, urea, and derivatives thereof.
- These foaming assistants are usually used in a proportion of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the copolymer (A). It is desirable to appropriately determine the optimum amount according to the above.
- Rubbers known in the art can be blended and used in the crosslinkable rubber composition used in the present invention as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- examples of such other rubbers include isoprene-based rubbers such as natural rubber (NR) and isoprene rubber (IR), butadiene rubber (BR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), and chloroprene rubber. Mention may be made of conjugated diene rubbers such as (CR).
- vulcanizing agent crosslinking agent
- examples of the vulcanizing agent used for vulcanization include sulfur and sulfur compounds.
- sulfur include powdered sulfur, precipitated sulfur, colloidal sulfur, surface-treated sulfur, insoluble sulfur and the like.
- Specific examples of sulfur compounds include sulfur chloride, sulfur dichloride, polymer polysulfides, and sulfur compounds that release and vulcanize active sulfur at the vulcanization temperature, such as morpholine disulfide, alkylphenol disulfide, tetramethylthiuram. Disulfide, dipentamethylene thiuram tetrasulfide, selenium dimethyldithiocarbamate and the like can be mentioned. Of these, sulfur is preferred. Sulfur or a sulfur compound is usually used in a proportion of 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A).
- vulcanization accelerator when sulfur or a sulfur compound is used as a vulcanizing agent, it is preferable to use a vulcanization accelerator in combination.
- vulcanization accelerator include N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (OBS), and Nt-butyl-2.
- Sulfenamide compounds such as benzothiazole sulfenamide (BBS) and N, N-diisopropyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide; 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), 2- (2,4-dinitrophenyl) Thiazole compounds such as mercaptobenzothiazole, 2- (4-morpholinodithio) benzothiazole, 2- (2,6-diethyl-4-morpholinothio) benzothiazole, dibenzothiazyl disulfide; diphenylguanidine (DPG), triphenyl Guanidine, diorthotril guanidine Guanidine compounds such as DOTG), orthotolyl biguanide, diphenylguanidine phthalate; acetaldehyde-aniline condensate, butyraldehyde-aniline condensate, aldehyde amine or aldehyde such as hexamethylenetetramine
- Vulcanization aids can be appropriately selected depending on the application, and can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Specific examples of the vulcanization aid include magnesium oxide and zinc white (for example, zinc oxide such as “META-Z102” (trade name; manufactured by Inoue Lime Industry Co., Ltd.)).
- the blending amount is usually 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the copolymer (A).
- vulcanization aid examples include quinone dioximes such as p-quinonedioxime; acrylics such as ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate; allyls such as diallyl phthalate and triallyl isocyanurate; other maleimides; Examples include divinylbenzene.
- the rubber composition used in the present invention is prepared by using an internal mixer (closed mixer) such as a Banbury mixer, a kneader, or an intermix, and the copolymer (A), clay (B), and sulfur atom-containing silane cup.
- the ring agent (C) is kneaded with additives such as carbon black, rubber reinforcing agent, inorganic filler, softener, etc. at a temperature of 80 to 170 ° C.
- a kneader to add sulfur as a vulcanizing agent, and if necessary, vulcanization accelerator, vulcanization aid, foaming agent, foaming aid and mix at roll temperature of 40-80 ° C for 5-30 minutes. After kneading, it can be prepared by dispensing.
- the track pad for railroad rails according to the present invention is formed by crosslinking the rubber composition.
- the orbit pad there are those listed in JIS E1117, but of course, it is not limited to this.
- Examples of the method for crosslinking the rubber composition include the following two methods.
- a rubber composition containing the above vulcanizing agent is usually used as an extrusion molding machine, a calender roll, a press, an injection (injection) molding machine, a transfer molding machine, hot air, a glass bead fluidized bed, UHF (ultra high frequency electromagnetic wave).
- the vulcanizing agent is used, and the vulcanization accelerator and / or the vulcanization aid can be used together as necessary.
- the heating temperature is generally 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 120 to 270 ° C., more preferably 120 to 250 ° C., for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 20 minutes. More preferably, it is desirable to heat for 0.5 to 15 minutes.
- a mold When molding and vulcanizing the rubber composition, a mold may be used or a mold may not be used. When a mold is not used, the rubber composition is usually molded and vulcanized continuously.
- an electron beam having an energy of 0.1 to 10 MeV is applied to the preformed rubber composition with an absorbed dose of 0.5 to 35 Mrad, preferably 0.5 to 20 Mrad, more preferably 1 Irradiation may be performed so as to be 10 Mrad.
- the railroad track pad according to the present invention is preferably a cross-linked foam obtained by cross-linking and foaming the rubber composition.
- a rubber composition containing a foaming agent is usually used for crosslinking and foaming.
- cross-linked foam molding there is a method in which a rubber composition is filled in a mold having a predetermined shape and cross-linked and foamed by a hot press to obtain a track pad.
- the specific gravity of the crosslinked foam is preferably 0.03 to 0.9 g / cm 3 , more preferably 0.1 to 0.8 g / cm 3 , and particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.75 g / cm 3 . 3 and most preferably from 0.1 to 0.7 g / cm 3 .
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 A composition having the composition shown in Table 1 was prepared using the following copolymers 1 and 2, and a mold of 140 mm ⁇ 125 mm ⁇ 10 mmt was used, and the composition of Table 1 was charged at a feed amount of 140 g (thickness 7 mm).
- a foamed crosslinked rubber for a rail pad for a railroad rail was manufactured by filling the inside and crosslinking and foaming at 170 ° C. for 10 minutes, and various physical properties were evaluated.
- composition in Table 1 Details of the composition in Table 1 are as follows.
- Cross-linking aid 1 Trade name “Sanfer R”, Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Cross-linking aid 2 Trade name “Noxeller MDB, Ouchi Shinsei Co., Ltd.”
- Crosslinking aid 3 Trade name “Suncellor BZ”, Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Crosslinking aid 4 Trade name “Suncellor TT”, Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Crosslinking aid 5 Trade name “Sunseller 22-C”, Sanshin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Active Zinc Hana: Trade name “META-Z 102”, Inoue Lime Industry Co., Ltd.
- Processing aid Stearic acid (“Powder stearate cherry” (Registered trademark), NOF Corporation polyethylene glycol: PEG # 4000, Lion Corporation carbon black 1: trade name “Seast S”, Tokai Carbon Corporation carbon black 2: trade name “Seast SO”, Tokai Carbon Corporation Silica: Trade name “Nipsol VN3”, Tosoh Silica Co., Ltd.
- Process oil Trade name “Sampa-2280”, Nippon San Oil Co., Ltd.
- Foaming agent 1 Trade name “Neocelbon N # 1000M”, Eiwa Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Mooney Viscosity ML 1 + 4 Measured using a Mooney viscometer (SMV202 type, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) under a temperature condition of 125 ° C. according to JIS K6300-1.
- Minimum viscosity Vm Performed according to JIS K6300-1. Specifically, the change in Mooney viscosity was measured at 125 ° C. using a Mooney viscometer (SMV202 type, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and the minimum viscosity (Vm) from the start of measurement was determined.
- Flow length The jig 1 shown in FIG.
- Example 1 Since the unvulcanized rubber composition of Example 1 has a viscosity Vm (125 ° C.) of 50 or less, the injection moldability is good. Further, since the compression set of the crosslinked foam is 10% or less, the rubber foam exhibits good rubber elasticity, and is a material suitable as a railroad track pad.
- Vm 125 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
下記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体(A)と、クレー(B)と、硫黄原子含有シランカップリング剤(C)とを含有することを特徴とする鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物が提供される。
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体(A):
エチレン[a]、炭素原子数3~20のα-オレフィン[b]、下記構造式(I)または(II)で表される部分構造を分子中に1つのみ含む非共役ポリエン[c-1]、
(1)炭素原子数3~20のα-オレフィン[b]に由来する構造単位が、全構造単位100モル%中、10~50モル%であり、
(2)非共役ポリエン[c-1]に由来する構造単位のモル%および非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位のモル%の合計が1.0~6.0モル%であり、
(3)非共役ポリエン[c-1]に由来する構造単位のモル%と非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位のモル%との比([c-1]/[c-2])が75/25~99.5/0.5であり、
(4)100℃で測定されるムーニー粘度[ML1+4(100℃)]が10~90であり、
(5)非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位の見かけのヨウ素価が0.1~3.0g/100gであり、
(6)下記式(i)を満たす。
50>流動の活性化エネルギー(Ea)〔kJ/mol〕>35 ・・・(i)
本発明に用いるエチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体(A)(以下、共重合体(A)という)は、エチレン[a]、炭素原子数3~20のα-オレフィン[b]、前記構造式(I)または(II)で表される部分構造を分子中に1つのみ含む非共役ポリエン[c-1]、および前記構造式(I)および(II)からなる群から選ばれる部分構造を合計で分子中に2つ以上含む非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位を含み、前記(1)~(6)の条件を満たすエチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体である。なお、本明細書において、前記(1)~(6)をそれぞれ、要件(1)~(6)とも記す。
炭素原子数3~20のα-オレフィン[b]としては、具体的には、プロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ペンテン、1-ヘキセン、4-メチル-1-ペンテン、1-ヘプテン、1-オクテン、1-デセン、1-ドデセン、1-テトラデセン、1-ヘキサデセン、1-エイコセン等が挙げられる。これらのうち、特にプロピレン、1-ブテン、1-ヘキセン、1-オクテン等の炭素原子数が3~8のα-オレフィンが好ましい。このようなα-オレフィンは、原料コストが比較的安価であり、かつ得られる共重合体が優れた機械的性質を示すことから好適である。
前記構造式(I)または(II)で表される部分構造を分子中に1つのみ含む非共役ポリエン[c-1]としては、例えば分子両末端にビニル基(CH2=CH-)を有する脂肪族ポリエンは含まれない。成分[c-1]としては、下記のような脂肪族ポリエン、脂環族ポリエンなどが挙げられる。
前記構造式(I)および(II)からなる群から選ばれる部分構造を合計で分子中に2つ以上含む非共役ポリエン[c-2]としては、例えば、炭素・炭素二重結合(不飽和結合)を有する脂環部分と、脂環部分を構成する炭素原子に結合する鎖状部分であってビニル基を含む鎖状部分とを有する脂環族ポリエン、分子両末端にビニル基を有する脂肪族ポリエンが挙げられる。具体例としては、5-ビニル-2-ノルボルネン(VNB)、5-アリル-2-ノルボルネン等の5-アルケニル-2-ノルボルネン;2,5-ノルボルナジエン、ジシクロペンタジエン(DCPD)、ノルボルナジエン、テトラシクロ[4,4,0,12.5,17.10]デカ-3,8-ジエン等の脂環族ポリエン;1,7-オクタジエン、1,9-デカジエン等のα,ω-ジエン等の脂肪族ポリエンが挙げられる。
本発明に用いる共重合体は、炭素原子数3~20のα-オレフィン[b]に由来する構造単位が、全構造単位100モル%中、10~50モル%であり、好ましくは25~45モル%である。α-オレフィン[b]に由来する構造単位(モル%)が前記範囲にあると、共重合体を含むゴム組成物から得られる、架橋発泡体の柔軟性と低温における機械的特性との観点から好適である。前記モル比は、13C-NMRにより求めることができる。
本発明に用いる共重合体(A)は、非共役ポリエン[c-1]に由来する構造単位のモル%および非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位のモル%の合計が1.0~6.0モル%であり、好ましくは1.0~5.0モル%である。前記モル%の合計が前記範囲内にあると、加硫反応速度の制御を比較的容易に行うことが可能であるため好ましい。前記モル%の合計は、例えば13C-NMRにより求まるENB、VNBのモル量を合計することにより求めることができる。
本発明に用いる共重合体は、非共役ポリエン[c-1]に由来する構造単位のモル%と非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位のモル%との比([c-1]/[c-2])が75/25~99.5/0.5であり、好ましくは78/22~97/3である。このモル%比が前記範囲内にあると、加硫反応性と発泡反応時のガス保持性のバランスに優れるため好ましい。各構造単位のモル%は、13C-NMRにより求めることができる。
1)エチレン;[エチレン連鎖由来ピークの積分値+{エチレン-プロピレン連鎖由来ピークの積分値}/2]
2)プロピレン;[プロピレン連鎖由来ピークの積分値+{エチレン-プロピレン連鎖由来ピークの積分値}/2]
3)ENB;ENB-3位ピークの積分値
4)VNB;VNB-7位ピークの積分値
本発明に用いる共重合体(A)は、100℃で測定されるムーニー粘度[ML1+4(100℃)]が10~90である。前記ムーニー粘度は、10~80であることが好ましい。
なお、前記ムーニー粘度は、ムーニー粘度計(島津製作所社製SMV202型)を用いて、JIS K6300に準拠して測定することができる。
本発明に用いる共重合体は、非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位の見かけのヨウ素価が0.1~3.0g/100gである。前記成分[c-2]の見かけのヨウ素価は、好ましくは0.4~3.0g/100g、より好ましくは0.5~3.0g/100gである。
なお、非共役ポリエン[c-2]の見かけのヨウ素価は、1H-NMRおよび13C-NMRにより求めることができる。
次いで1H-NMRスペクトルより、ENBに由来するピーク(a)の積分値とVNBのビニル基に由来するピーク(c)の積分値とを以下のように求めた。
1)ENBに由来するピーク(a)の積分値:〔4.7~5.3ppm付近の複数ピークの積分値の合計〕-〔ピーク(c)の積分値×2〕
4.7~5.3ppm付近の複数ピークには、ピーク(a)およびピーク(b)の両方が含まれる。本発明では、ピーク(a)の積分値を求めるために、2つの等価プロトンに由来するピーク(b)の積分値をプロトン1つに由来するピーク(c)の積分値の2倍とみなし、4.7~5.3ppm付近の複数ピークの積分値から引いている。
2)VNBのビニル基に由来するピーク(c)の積分値:5.5~6.0ppm付近ピークの積分値の合計
なお、1)および2)のピーク(a)~(c)は、それぞれ下記式(X)、(Y)中の(a)、(b)および(c)を示す。
本発明に用いる共重合体(A)は、下記式(i)を満たし、好ましくは下記式(i’)を満たす。
50>流動の活性化エネルギー(Ea)〔kJ/mol〕>35 ・・・(i)
50>流動の活性化エネルギー(Ea)〔kJ/mol〕>37 ・・・(i’)
粘度(ηo)=Aexp(Ea/RT)・・・(j)
R;気体定数、A;頻度因子、Ea;流動の活性化エネルギー、T;絶対温度
上記流動の活性化エネルギーは分子量および分子量分布に依存せず、分子構造によってのみ影響を受けることからポリマーの構造情報を表す有用な指標とされる。
ここでの流動の活性化エネルギーの差異は長鎖分岐に起因すると考えられているが、長鎖分岐の解析は、NMRや光散乱により評価する方法が知られているものの正確に検出することは困難であり、レオロジー特性に着目した研究が今も尚、盛んに行われている(参考文献1;山口 政之、成形加工、第20巻、第7号、400-404(2008)、参考文献2;F. J. Stadler, C. Gabriel, H. Munstedt, Macromolecular chemistry and Physics, 208, 2449-2454(2007))。
例えば、該組成物の粘度が低すぎると発泡ガスの保持性が悪く、低比重化出来ず、さらに外観の悪化を引き起こす。他方、該組成物の粘度が高すぎると発泡されないこととなる。また、該組成物の粘度に影響を及ぼす因子の一つとして、EPDMの架橋反応によるネットワーク形成が挙げられ、架橋反応の制御もまた重要になる。
ln(aT)=m(1/(T+273.16))+n・・・(1)
Ea=[0.008314×m]・・・(2)
aT:シフトファクター、Ea:流動の活性化エネルギー(単位;kJ/mol)
T :温度(単位;℃)、n:切片
測定温度:170℃、190℃、210℃
周波数:0.5~79.577Hz
歪率:1.0%
上記条件で粘度の周波数依存性を測定し、上述したアレニウスプロットを導出することで流動の活性化エネルギーを算出した。
式(III)で表される化合物について説明する。
Mは、チタン、ジルコニウムまたはハフニウムである。
Yは-O-、-S-、-NR*-または-PR*-である。
R*は、水素原子、ヒドロカルビル基、ヒドロカルビルオキシ基、シリル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基またはハロゲン化アリール基であり、R*が水素でない場合には、R*は20個までの水素以外の原子を含有する。
Zは、ホウ素または14族元素を含有し、かつ、窒素、リン、硫黄または酸素を含有する2価の基であり、該2価の基が有する水素原子以外の原子の数は60個以下である。
Xは、Xが複数存在する場合にはそれぞれ独立に、原子の数が60個以下のアニオン性配位子である(ただし、π電子が非局在化した環状配位子を除く。)。
X’は、X’が複数存在する場合にはそれぞれ独立に、原子の数が20個以下の中性の連結化合物である。
pは0、1または2である。
qは0または1である。
R3~R6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子または炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基である。
また、R1~R6は互いに結合して環を形成してもよい。
Mはチタンである。
Yは-O-、-S-、-NR*-または-PR*-である。
Z*はSiR* 2、CR* 2、SiR* 2SiR* 2、CR* 2CR* 2、CR*=CR*、CR* 2SiR* 2またはGeR* 2である。
R*は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、ヒドロカルビル基、ヒドロカルビルオキシ基、シリル基、ハロゲン化アルキル基またはハロゲン化アリール基であり、R*が水素でない場合には、R*は20個までの水素以外の原子を含有する。Z*に結合する2つのR*(R*が水素でない場合)は環を形成してもよいし、Z*に結合するR*とYに結合するR*が環を形成してもよい。
pは0、1または2である。
qは0または1である。
ただし、pが2の場合、qは0であり、Mは+4の酸化状態にあり、Xはそれぞれ独立にメチル基またはベンジル基である。またpが1の場合、qは0であり、Mは+3の酸化状態にあり、Xは2-(N、N’-ジメチル)アミノベンジル基であるか、あるいはqは0であり、Mは+4の酸化状態にあり、Xは1,3-ブタジエニルである。またpが0の場合、qは1であり、Mは+2の酸化状態にあり、Xは1,4-ジフェニル-1,3-ブタジエン、2,4-ヘキサジエンまたは1,3-ペンタジエンである。
式(V)中、R”は、炭素数1~20のヒドロカルビル基または水素原子である。
式(V)中、Mはチタンである。
式(V)中、Yは、-O-、-S-、-NR*-、-PR*-、-NR2 *、または-PR2 *である。
式(V)中、Z*は、-SiR* 2-、-CR* 2-、-SiR* 2SiR* 2-、-CR* 2CR* 2-、-CR*=CR*-、-CR* 2SiR* 2-、または-GeR* 2-である。
前記R*は、複数存在する場合にはそれぞれ独立に、水素原子または、ヒドロカルビル、ヒドロカルビルオキシ、シリル、ハロゲン化アルキル、およびハロゲン化アリールからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む基であり、前記R*は原子番号2~20までの原子を含み、任意にZ*が有する2つのR*(R*が水素原子でない場合)が環を形成してもよく、Z*のR*とYのR*とが環を形成してもよい。
式(V)の中でも下記式(V’)で表される化合物が特に好ましい。
上記式(V’)中、R”が水素原子またはメチルであるのが好ましく、メチルである場合が好ましい。
その中でも、(t-ブチルアミド)-ジメチル(η5-2-メチル-s-インダセン-1-イル)シランチタニウム(II)1,3-ペンタジエン(下記式(X))が特に好ましい。
本発明に用いる共重合体(A)を調製する際には、メタロセン触媒、好ましくは上記に例示される構造を有する触媒を用いる。より詳しくは、上記触媒を主触媒とし、共触媒としてホウ素系化合物および/またはトリアルキル化合物等の有機アルミニウム化合物を用い、ヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素を溶媒とし、攪拌機つき反応器による連続法またはバッチ法が挙げられる。
上記非共役ポリエン[c-1]と上記非共役ポリエン[c-2]とのモル(仕込み)比([c-1]/[c-2])は、60/40~99.5/0.5、好ましくは65/35~99/1である。
エチレン[a]と該非共役ポリエン[c-1]とのモル(仕込み)比([a]/[c-1])は、70/30~99/1、好ましくは80/20~98/2である。
エチレン[a]と該非共役ポリエン[c-2]とのモル(仕込み)比([a]/[c-2])は、70/30~99.9/0.1、好ましくは80/20~99.5/0.5である。
本発明に係る鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物(以下、ゴム組成物という)は、前記共重合体(A)、クレー(B)及び硫黄原子含有シランカップリング剤(C)を含んでいればよく、その他の成分は特に限定されないが、例えば、カーボンブラック等の補強剤、オイル等の軟化剤、加硫剤及び加硫助剤、発泡剤及び発泡助剤を含むことが好ましい。
クレーとは、含水けい酸アルミニウムを主成分とする天然の鉱石から工業的に精製した白色粉状の商品をいい、特に本発明においてはゴム用のクレーとして市販されているものが好適に使用できる。中でも、シランカップリング剤で表面処理されたクレー、例えば、バーゲス社製の商品名「バーゲスKE」が特に好ましい。
シランカップリング剤(C)としては、分子中に少なくとも1個の硫黄原子を含有するものである。
かかるシランカップリング剤(C)としては、具体的には、ビス(3-トリエトキシシリルプロピル)トリスルフィド、ビス(2-トリエトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(3-トリメトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(2-トリメトキシシリルエチル)テトラスルフィド、ビス(トリエトキシシリルプロピル)テトラスルフィド、3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルトリエトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン等のメルカプト基とスルフィドから選ばれる構造を1つ以上有する硫黄系シランカップリング剤等が挙げられる。
カーボンブラックは、十分な機械的強度を有する加硫ゴム成形体を提供できるゴム組成物を得るために、共重合体(A)100質量部に対して、30~300質量部、好ましくは50~200質量部、更に好ましくは61~200質量部、最も好ましくは80~200質量部の割合で用いられる。
本発明では、クレー(B)以外に、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で他の無機充填剤、例えば、軽質炭酸カルシウム、重質炭酸カルシウム、タルク等を添加しても良い。
前記軟化剤としては、通常ゴムに使用される軟化剤を用いることができる。具体的には、プロセスオイル、潤滑油、パラフィン油、流動パラフィン、石油アスファルト、ワセリン等の石油系軟化剤;コールタール、コールタールピッチ等のコールタール系軟化剤;ヒマシ油、アマニ油、ナタネ油、大豆油、ヤシ油等の脂肪油系軟化剤;トール油;サブ(ファクチス);蜜ロウ、カルナウバロウ、ラノリン等のロウ類;リシノール酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸バリウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、ラウリン酸亜鉛等の脂肪酸及び脂肪酸塩;ナフテン酸;パイン油、ロジン又はその誘導体;テルペン樹脂、石油樹脂、アタクチックポリプロピレン、クマロンインデン樹脂等の合成高分子物質;ジオクチルフタレート、ジオクチルアジペート、ジオクチルセバケート等のエステル系軟化剤;マイクロクリスタリンワックス、液状ポリブタジエン、変性液状ポリブタジエン、液状チオコール、炭化水素系合成潤滑油等が挙げられる。中でも石油系軟化剤、特にプロセスオイルが好ましく用いられる。これらの軟化剤の配合量は、加硫物の用途により適宜選択される。
前記老化防止剤としては、例えばアミン系、ヒンダードフェノール系又は硫黄系老化防止剤等が挙げられるが、これらの老化防止剤は、前述したように、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で用いられる。アミン系老化防止剤としては、ジフェニルアミン類、フェニレンジアミン類等が挙げられる。硫黄系老化防止剤としては、通常ゴムに使用される硫黄系老化防止剤が用いられる。
前記加工助剤としては、通常のゴムの加工に使用される加工助剤を使用することができる。具体的には、リノール酸、リシノール酸、ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、ラウリン酸等の高級脂肪酸;ステアリン酸バリウム、ステアリン酸亜鉛、ステアリン酸カルシウム等の高級脂肪酸の塩;前記高級脂肪酸のエステル類等が挙げられる。このような加工助剤は、共重合体(A)100質量部に対して、通常10質量部以下、好ましくは5質量部以下の割合で用いられるが、要求される物性値に応じて適宜最適量を決定することが望ましい。
発泡剤としては、具体的には、重炭酸ナトリウム(重曹)、炭酸ナトリウム、重炭酸アンモニウム、炭酸アンモニウム、亜硝酸アンモニウム等の無機発泡剤;N,N’-ジメチル-N,N’-ジニトロソテレフタルアミド、N,N’-ジニトロソペンタメチレンテトラミン(DPT)等のニトロソ化合物;アゾジカルボンアミド(ADCA)、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AZBN)、アゾビスシクロヘキシルニトリル、アゾジアミノベンゼン、バリウムアゾジカルボキシレート等のアゾ化合物;ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド(BSH)、トルエンスルホニルヒドラジド(TSH)、p,p’-オキシビス(ベンゼンスルホニルヒドラジド)(OBSH)、ジフェニルスルホン-3,3’-ジスルホニルヒドラジド等のスルホニルヒドラジド化合物;カルシウムアジド、4,4’-ジフェニルジスルホニルアジド、p-トルエンスルホニルアジド等のアジド化合物等が挙げられる。
また、必要に応じて、発泡剤と併用して、発泡助剤を使用してもよい。発泡助剤は、発泡剤の分解温度の低下、分解促進、気泡の均一化等の作用をする。このような発泡助剤としては、例えば、サリチル酸、フタル酸、ステアリン酸、シュウ酸等の有機酸、尿素又はその誘導体等が挙げられる。これらの発泡助剤は、共重合体(A)100質量部に対して、通常0.01~10質量部、好ましくは0.1~5質量部の割合で用いられるが、要求される物性値に応じて適宜最適量を決定することが望ましい。
また、本発明に用いる架橋可能なゴム組成物中に、本発明の目的を損なわない範囲で、公知の他のゴムをブレンドして用いることができる。このような他のゴムとしては、天然ゴム(NR)、イソプレンゴム(IR)等のイソプレン系ゴム、ブタジエンゴム(BR)、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエンゴム(NBR)、クロロプレンゴム(CR)等の共役ジエン系ゴムを挙げることができる。
加硫に用いる加硫剤としては、硫黄及び硫黄化合物が挙げられる。硫黄としては、具体的には、粉末硫黄、沈降硫黄、コロイド硫黄、表面処理硫黄、不溶性硫黄等が挙げられる。硫黄化合物としては、具体的には、塩化硫黄、二塩化硫黄、高分子多硫化物、及び加硫温度で活性硫黄を放出して加硫する硫黄化合物、例えばモルホリンジスルフィド、アルキルフェノールジスルフィド、テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド、ジペンタメチレンチウラムテトラスルフィド、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸セレン等が挙げられる。これらの中では硫黄が好ましい。硫黄又は硫黄化合物は、共重合体(A)100質量部に対して、通常0.1~10質量部、好ましくは0.5~5質量部の割合で用いられる。
また、加硫剤として硫黄又は硫黄化合物を使用するときは、加硫促進剤を併用することが好ましい。加硫促進剤としては、具体的には、N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミド(CBS)、N-オキシジエチレン-2-ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミド(OBS)、N-t-ブチル-2-ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミド(BBS)、N,N-ジイソプロピル-2-ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミド等のスルフェンアミド系化合物;2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール(MBT)、2-(2,4-ジニトロフェニル)メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、2-(4-モルホリノジチオ)ベンゾチアゾール、2-(2,6-ジエチル-4-モルホリノチオ)ベンゾチアゾール、ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド等のチアゾール系化合物;ジフェニルグアニジン(DPG)、トリフェニルグアニジン、ジオルソトリルグアニジン(DOTG)、オルソトリルバイグアナイド、ジフェニルグアニジンフタレ-ト等のグアニジン系化合物;アセトアルデヒド-アニリン縮合物、ブチルアルデヒド-アニリン縮合物、ヘキサメチレンテトラミン(H)、アセトアルデヒドアンモニア等のアルデヒドアミン又はアルデヒド-アンモニア系化合物;2-メルカプトイミダゾリン等のイミダゾリン系化合物;チオカルバニリド、ジエチルチオウレア(EUR)、ジブチルチオウレア、トリメチルチオウレア、ジオルソトリルチオウレア等のチオウレア系化合物;テトラメチルチウラムモノスルフィド(TMTM)、テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド(TMTD)、テトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラブチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラキス(2-エチルヘキシル)チウラムジスルフィド(TOT)、ジペンタメチレンチウラムテトラスルフィド(TRA)等のチウラム系化合物;ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジエチルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジ-n-ブチルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、エチルフェニルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ブチルフェニルジチオカルバミン酸亜鉛、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸ナトリウム、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸セレン、ジメチルジチオカルバミン酸テルル等のジチオカルバミン酸塩;ジブチルキサントゲン酸亜鉛等のキサントゲン酸塩;亜鉛華(酸化亜鉛)等の化合物が挙げられる。これらの加硫促進剤は、共重合体(A)100質量部に対して、通常0.1~20質量部、好ましくは0.2~10質量部の割合で用いられる。
加硫助剤は、その用途により適宜選択でき、単独でも2種以上混合して用いることができる。加硫助剤の具体的例としては、酸化マグネシウム、亜鉛華(例えば、「META-Z102」(商品名;井上石灰工業株式会社製)などの酸化亜鉛)などが挙げられる。その配合量は、通常、共重合体(A)100質量部に対して、1~20質量部である。加硫助剤としては、p-キノンジオキシム等のキノンジオキシム系;エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリメタクリレート等のアクリル系;ジアリルフタレート、トリアリルイソシアヌレート等のアリル系;その他マレイミド系;ジビニルベンゼン等が挙げられる。
本発明に用いるゴム組成物は、バンバリーミキサー、ニーダー、インターミックスのようなインターナルミキサー(密閉式混合機)類により、上記の共重合体(A)、クレー(B)及び硫黄原子含有シランカップリング剤(C)を、例えば、カーボンブラック、ゴム補強剤、無機充填剤、軟化剤等の添加剤と共に80~170℃の温度で2~20分間混練した後、オープンロールのようなロール類、あるいはニーダーを使用して、加硫剤としての硫黄、必要に応じて加硫促進剤、加硫助剤、発泡剤、発泡助剤を追加混合し、ロール温度40~80℃で5~30分間混練した後、分出しすることにより調製することができる。
本発明に係る鉄道レール用軌道パッドは、上記ゴム組成物を架橋してなることを特徴とするものである。軌道パッドの種類としてはJIS E1117に挙げられるものがあるが、もちろんこれに限定されるものではない。ゴム組成物を架橋させる方法としては、例えば、以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。
(i)前記加硫剤を配合したゴム組成物を、通常、押出成形機、カレンダーロール、プレス、インジェクション(射出)成形機、トランスファー成形機、熱空気、ガラスビーズ流動床、UHF(極超短波電磁波)、スチーム、LCM(熱溶融塩槽)等の加熱形態の加熱槽等種々の成形法によって所望形状に予備成形し、予備成形と同時にまたは成形物を加硫槽内に導入して加熱する方法。
(ii)上記ゴム組成物を上記成形法によって予備成形し、電子線を照射する方法。
特に、本発明に係る組成物は射出成形に適した低粘度を示し、生産性に優れたものである。
本発明に係る鉄道レール用軌道パッドは、上記ゴム組成物を架橋発泡成形して得られる架橋発泡体とすることが好ましい。上記ゴム組成物を架橋発泡成形するためには、通常発泡剤を含むゴム組成物を用い、架橋および発泡を行う。架橋発泡成形の一例としては、ゴム組成物を、所定の形状の金型に充填し、加熱プレスにより架橋及び発泡を行い、軌道パッドを得る方法が挙げられる。
以下の共重合体1及び2を用いて表1に示す組成の組成物を調製し、140mm×125mm×10mmtの金型を用い、表1の組成物を仕込み量140g(厚み7mm)で金型内に充填し、170℃×10分の条件で架橋発泡することで鉄道レール用軌道パッド用の発泡架橋体ゴムを製造し、各種物性を評価した。
国際公開WO2010/064574号の実施例1と同様の方法(モル比違いはフィード量で調整)で製造したエチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体
成分[c-1]=ENB
成分[c-2]=VNB
要件(1):成分[b]=36.8モル%
要件(2):成分[c-1]+成分[c-2]=2.91モル%
要件(3):成分[c-1]/成分[c-2]=96/4
要件(4):ML1+4(100℃)=32
要件(5):ヨウ素価=0.8g/100g
要件(6):Ea=43.0kJ/mol
国際公開WO2010/064574号の実施例1と同様の方法(モル比違いはフィード量で調整)で製造したエチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体
成分[c-1]=ENB
成分[c-2]=VNB
要件(1):成分[b]=40.3モル%
要件(2):成分[c-1]+成分[c-2]=4.47モル%
要件(3):成分[c-1]/成分[c-2]=99/1
要件(4):ML1+4(100℃)=81
要件(5):ヨウ素価=0.32g/100g
要件(6):Ea=38kJ/mol
クレー(B):商品名「バーゲスKE」、バーゲス社
シランカップリング剤(C):3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン、商品名「KBM-803」、信越シリコーン株式会社
架橋剤(D):
硫黄:商品名「アルファグランS-50EN」、東知株式会社
架橋助剤1:商品名「サンフェルR」、三新化学工業株式会社
架橋助剤2:商品名「ノクセラーMDB、大内新興株式会社
架橋助剤3:商品名「サンセラーBZ」、三新化学工業株式会社
架橋助剤4:商品名「サンセラーTT」、三新化学工業株式会社
架橋助剤5:商品名「サンセラー22-C」、三新化学工業株式会社
活性亜鉛華:商品名「META-Z 102」、井上石灰工業株式会社
加工助剤:ステアリン酸(「粉末ステアリン酸さくら」(登録商標)、日油株式会社
ポリエチレングリコール:PEG#4000、ライオン株式会社
カーボンブラック1:商品名「シーストS」、東海カーボン株式会社
カーボンブラック2:商品名「シーストSO」、東海カーボン株式会社
シリカ:商品名「Nipsol VN3」、東ソー・シリカ株式会社
プロセスオイル:商品名「サンパ-2280」、日本サン石油株式会社
発泡剤1:商品名「ネオセルボン N#1000M」、永和化成工業株式会社
発泡剤2:商品名「Expancel 909-80」、日本フィライト株式会社
・ムーニー粘度ML1+4(125℃):ムーニー粘度計(島津製作所社製SMV202型)を用いて、JIS K6300-1に準拠して125℃の温度条件下で測定した。
・最低粘度Vm:JIS K6300-1に準拠して行った。具体的には、ムーニー粘度計(島津製作所社製SMV202型)を用いて、125℃において、ムーニー粘度の変化を測定し、測定開始からの最低粘度(Vm)を求めた。
・流動長:図1に示す治具1を用意して、この治具の金型を170℃に予熱し13gの試料2を下ダイ12のキャビティ内に設置する。上ダイ11に50トン荷重して170℃で10分間プレスする。金型の流動長測定溝16に流れ込んだ試料の長さを流動長として測定した。図1において、13は上金型、14は下金型、15は試料滞留部である。(1)~(7)は各部の寸法を示し、それぞれ、(1)=60mm、(2)=7mm、(3)=3mm、(4)=40mm、(5)=5mm、(6)=10mm、(7)=155mmとした。
・比重:JIS Z8807に準拠して測定した。
・発泡倍率:各配合剤の比重から求めたコンパウンドの比重と、上記により求めたスポンジの比重から算出した。
・引張破断強度(TB)、引張破断伸び(EB):JIS K6251に準拠し、試験片の破断時の引張強度及び伸びを測定した。
・圧縮永久歪:ASTM D395に準拠し、70℃で48時間1.5KNの加圧力で圧縮し、30分放冷、治具取出し、1時間放冷後に厚み測定して、元の厚さとの関係式から求めた。
実施例1の未加硫ゴム組成物は、粘度Vm(125℃)が50以下であることから、射出成形性が良好である。また、架橋発泡体の圧縮永久歪が10%以下であることで、良好なゴム弾性を示し、鉄道レール用軌道パッドとして適した材料である。
11 上ダイ
12 下ダイ
13 上金型
14 下金型
15 試料滞留部
16 流動長測定溝
2 試料
Claims (13)
- 下記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体(A)と、クレー(B)と、硫黄原子含有シランカップリング剤(C)とを含有することを特徴とする鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物:
エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体(A):
エチレン[a]、炭素原子数3~20のα-オレフィン[b]、下記構造式(I)または(II)で表される部分構造を分子中に1つのみ含む非共役ポリエン[c-1]、
(1)炭素原子数3~20のα-オレフィン[b]に由来する構造単位が、全構造単位100モル%中、10~50モル%であり、
(2)非共役ポリエン[c-1]に由来する構造単位のモル%および非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位のモル%の合計が1.0~6.0モル%であり、
(3)非共役ポリエン[c-1]に由来する構造単位のモル%と非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位のモル%との比([c-1]/[c-2])が75/25~99.5/0.5であり、
(4)100℃で測定されるムーニー粘度[ML1+4(100℃)]が10~90であり、
(5)非共役ポリエン[c-2]に由来する構造単位の見かけのヨウ素価が0.1~3.0g/100gであり、
(6)流動の活性化エネルギー(Ea)が下記式(i)を満たす。
50>流動の活性化エネルギー(Ea)〔kJ/mol〕>35 ・・・(i) - 前記エチレン・α-オレフィン・非共役ポリエンランダム共重合体(A)がメタロセン触媒を用いて合成されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物。
- 前記非共役ポリエン[c-1]が5-エチリデン-2-ノルボルネン(ENB)であり、前記非共役ポリエン[c-2]が5-ビニル-2-ノルボルネン(VNB)であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物。
- さらに架橋剤(D)を含有すること特徴とする請求項1に記載の鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物。
- 前記架橋剤(D)が硫黄系架橋剤であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物。
- 前記クレー(B)がシランカップリング剤で表面処理されたものである請求項1に記載の鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物。
- 前記硫黄原子含有シランカップリング剤(C)が、メルカプト基とスルフィドから選ばれる構造を1つ以上有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物。
- さらに発泡剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の鉄道レール用軌道パッド用組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物の架橋体を含む鉄道レール用軌道パッド。
- 請求項8に記載の組成物の架橋発泡成形体を含む鉄道レール用軌道パッド。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の組成物を架橋して成形する鉄道レール用軌道パッドの製造方法。
- 請求項8に記載の組成物を架橋発泡して成形する鉄道レール用軌道パッドの製造方法。
- 請求項8に記載の組成物の架橋発泡体。
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BR112017020280A2 (ja) | 2018-06-05 |
BR112017020280B1 (pt) | 2022-11-08 |
EP3276075B1 (en) | 2020-10-21 |
KR101979529B1 (ko) | 2019-05-16 |
EP3276075A4 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
US20180066402A1 (en) | 2018-03-08 |
EP3276075A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
JP6448768B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
CN107407059B (zh) | 2019-05-17 |
TWI676648B (zh) | 2019-11-11 |
TW201700582A (zh) | 2017-01-01 |
US10570572B2 (en) | 2020-02-25 |
KR20170128519A (ko) | 2017-11-22 |
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CN107407059A (zh) | 2017-11-28 |
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