WO2016151961A1 - マイクロニードルおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
マイクロニードルおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016151961A1 WO2016151961A1 PCT/JP2015/084690 JP2015084690W WO2016151961A1 WO 2016151961 A1 WO2016151961 A1 WO 2016151961A1 JP 2015084690 W JP2015084690 W JP 2015084690W WO 2016151961 A1 WO2016151961 A1 WO 2016151961A1
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- microneedle
- microneedle array
- polyglycolic acid
- crystallinity
- substrate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/04—Macromolecular materials
- A61L31/06—Macromolecular materials obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
- A61K9/0021—Intradermal administration, e.g. through microneedle arrays, needleless injectors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
- A61L31/14—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L31/16—Biologically active materials, e.g. therapeutic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0023—Drug applicators using microneedles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M37/00—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin
- A61M37/0015—Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin by using microneedles
- A61M2037/0053—Methods for producing microneedles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- B29K2067/043—PGA, i.e. polyglycolic acid or polyglycolide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2905/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as mould material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/753—Medical equipment; Accessories therefor
- B29L2031/7544—Injection needles, syringes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to microneedles of polyglycolic acid (PGA), polylactic acid (PLA) and copolymers thereof by an injection molding method and a method for producing the same.
- the stratum corneum acts as a barrier for drug permeation, and the drug does not penetrate sufficiently by simply applying the drug to the skin surface.
- a microneedle by perforating the stratum corneum using a fine needle, that is, a microneedle, the drug permeation efficiency can be remarkably improved as compared with the coating method.
- a microneedle array is a large number of microneedles integrated on a substrate.
- a product that is easy to use by adding an adhesive tape for attaching the microneedle array to the skin or a cover sheet for maintaining sterility until use is called a microneedle patch.
- the tape means a film or cloth or paper coated with an adhesive.
- the manufacturing method of the microneedle is greatly different depending on whether the material is metal or resin, but various manufacturing methods have been tried and reported so far. Resin-made microneedles are easy to process, and since various shapes of microneedles can be produced, many studies are underway. For example, a method in which a resin flat plate is melted with a heating needle and drawn (Patent Documents 1 and 2), and an aqueous solution of a water-soluble polymer is poured into a mold and dried and solidified (Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- Patent Document 5 a method of producing a polyglycolic acid in a molten state by press compression into a microneedle type and solidifying at a low temperature
- Patent Document 6 a method of producing by injection molding of polyglycolic acid
- the “injection molding method” is a well-known method in which a thermoplastic resin or the like is melted at a high temperature and injected into a low-temperature mold under high pressure to be solidified.
- the resin used for injection molding include general-purpose resins such as polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, and polyamide resin, engineering plastics such as polycarbonate resin, modified polyphenylene ether resin, polybutylene terephthalate resin, and polyethylene terephthalate resin.
- Preferred thermoplastic resins for microneedles are, for example, polyglycolic acid resins, polylactic acid and their co-polymers, rather than non-degradable in vivo, such as polybutylene terephthalate resin, when they remain in the body.
- Patent Document 7 If the injection molding conditions are adjusted to increase the crystallinity, the strength of polyglycolic acid can be increased (Patent Document 7). In order to obtain polyglycolic acid having a crystallinity of 5% or more, it is said that injection molding should be performed under relatively high temperature conditions of a resin temperature of 230 to 270 ° C. and a mold temperature of 80 to 130 ° C. (Patent Document 8). . These polyglycolic acid molded articles are articles for daily use, and do not suggest the relationship between the physical properties and crystallinity of the microneedles, and it is impossible to predict that the microneedle physical properties will change at all due to crystallization during molding. Met.
- Non-patent Document 1 when manufacturing microneedles by the injection molding method, the rule of thumb (Non-patent Document 1) states that “in order to penetrate the skin, the compressive strength per needle must be 0.056 N or more”. Based on this, there has been no literature that has investigated the correlation between molding conditions (particularly mold temperature) and physical properties of microneedles. In particular, there has been no report that details the conditions for producing microneedles having a sharp tip using an injection molding method using polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, and copolymers thereof as raw materials.
- WO 2008/093679 (reprinted, Medrex) WO2010 / 016218 (re-listed, Kagawa University) JP 2008-142183 A (Fuji Film) JP 2010-0842401 (Cosmedy) WO2012-057345 (Teijin) JP 2014-079557 A (Cosmedy, step) JP 2008-260902 A (Kureha) JP 2010-056400 (University of Tokyo)
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to produce a microneedle having a sharp tip by an injection molding method. Therefore, the relationship between the crystallinity of the microneedle, the physical properties of the material, and the production method has been studied, and excellent performance has been achieved. It is providing the manufacturing method of the microneedle which has these.
- the manufacturing method of the microneedle by the injection molding method according to the present invention made to solve the above-mentioned problem is made of polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid or a copolymer of both, or a mixture thereof, and by an injection molding method,
- the crystallinity is 21% or more, and the axial shrinkage of the tip is 99% or more.
- Pellets made of a thermoplastic resin material made mainly of polyglycolic acid are supplied to an injection molding machine equipped with a microneedle injection mold.
- the cylinder temperature is 230 to 280 ° C
- the mold temperature is 60 to 130 ° C
- the injection is performed. If injection molding is performed at a pressure of 1000 to 1500 KPa, the crystallinity can be increased to 20% or more.
- the feature of the present invention is that the injection pressure is 1000 to 1500 KPa and the mold temperature is 60 to 130 ° C. The injection and molding under such conditions promotes crystallization and has excellent physical properties without change over time.
- the microneedle can be obtained.
- thermoplastic resin material polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, or a copolymer thereof can be used alone or as a mixture. Furthermore, the composition which mix
- a composition in which 0 to 20 parts by weight of an inorganic filler, 0 to 30 parts by weight of another thermoplastic resin, etc. can be used with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyglycolic acid. . If the inorganic filler or other thermoplastic resin exceeds 20 parts by weight, the resulting injection-molded product may have insufficient impact strength and toughness, and the melt processability may be reduced.
- the inorganic filler include silica, titanium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermoplastic resins include ⁇ -caprolactone homopolymers and copolymers, TPX, and the like. These thermoplastic resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The other thermoplastic resin is usually used in a proportion of 0 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polyglycolic acid.
- the crystallinity of polyglycolic acid is set to 21% or more using appropriate injection molding conditions defined in the present invention, a microneedle having a long needle and a strong compressive stress can be obtained by fitting the microneedle well into the cavity. When this microneedle is compressed, it shows a clear yield point. On the other hand, when the crystallization is insufficient, a clear yield point is not exhibited, and when it is shifted, the bending and Young's modulus are small.
- the compressive strength at the yield point per microneedle is about 0.070N.
- a microneedle injection-molded product which is a neat resin and has such a high compressive strength is unique among conventional injection-molded microneedles.
- Compressive strength per needle of polyglycolic acid microneedles having a high degree of crystallinity is about 0.07N, which exceeds 0.056N (Non-patent Document 1), so that it can be inserted into the skin with certainty.
- 0.056N Non-patent Document 1
- the degree of crystallinity is low, there is often no clear yield point. Even when the yield point is observed, the compressive strength per needle is 0.03 to 0.05 N, which is the strength at which skin penetration is jeopardized.
- Polyglycolic acid microneedles with increased crystallinity have an important feature that their shape change with time is extremely small.
- degree of crystallinity is low, crystallization gradually progresses during storage at room temperature, and accordingly, the height of the needle decreases and the base portion contracts and deforms.
- the needle does not deform due to storage. This is a major feature of the microneedle of the present invention.
- a feature of the present invention is that an excellent microneedle can be obtained by setting the injection pressure to 1000 to 1500 KPa and the mold temperature to 60 to 130 ° C. Since the microneedle is small as a molded product, it is immediately cooled to the mold temperature, so that the cycle time of injection molding is short and can be 10 to 30 seconds.
- the shape of the microneedle may be a straight needle that does not have a step in the middle, or may have one, two, or three steps in the middle.
- the needle height is suitably from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably from 0.2 to 0.8 mm. If the needle height is less than 0.1 mm, it is difficult to penetrate the skin. If it is larger than 1.5 mm, it is deeply inserted, so that pain, bleeding, etc. are likely to occur.
- the gap between the microneedles is suitably 0.2 mm or more and 1.5 mm. If the gap is narrower than 0.2 mm, the density of the microneedles is too high, making it difficult to insert into the skin. If the gap is larger than 1.5 mm, the density is too sparse, and the dose of drug per unit area of the microneedle array is small.
- the microneedle stands in the center of the substrate, but the shape of the substrate is arbitrary, such as a circle, an ellipse, or a square.
- the shape of the microneedle may be a conical shape, a truncated cone shape, a quadrangular pyramid shape, a triangular pyramid shape, a coneide type, and the like, but the cone shape, the truncated cone shape, and the coneide type are most suitable in consideration of insertion resistance into the skin.
- the microneedle substrate preferably has a concavo-convex structure rather than a flat plane and has a thickness of 0.3 mm to 10 mm.
- the uneven structure can increase the mechanical strength and has the advantage that deformation due to changes with time is small.
- the uneven structure includes a case where there is a hole.
- the convex portion of the substrate is preferably about 0.2 to 10 mm, and the concave portion is preferably 0.2 mm or more, but the depth of the concave portion of the substrate can be up to a depth equivalent to the thickness of the substrate.
- An appropriate ratio of the substrate recess to the total substrate area is 10% to 90%. There is little merit which has an unevenness
- the drug When the drug is held in the microneedle and delivered to the body, the drug is preferably held only at the tip.
- the drug refers to a compound that acts on the skin or penetrates the skin and produces some beneficial effect.
- drugs suitable for the purpose of the present invention include bioactive peptides and derivatives thereof, nucleic acids, oligonucleotides, various antigen proteins, bacteria, virus fragments, and the like.
- physiologically active peptides and derivatives thereof include calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH), hPTH (1 ⁇ 34), insulin, secretin, oxytocin, angiotensin, ⁇ -endorphin, glucagon, vasopressin , Somatostatin, gastrin, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, enkephalin, neurotensin, atrial natriuretic peptide, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, bradykinin, substance P, dynorphin, thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin, interferon, interleukin, G -CSF, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, desmopressin, somatomedin, endothelin, and salts thereofAntigen proteins include influenza antigens, HBs surface antigens, HBe antigens, and the like. *
- the coexisting substances When applying the drug solution to the tip of the microneedle and attaching the drug to the tip of the microneedle, the coexisting substances must be dissolved in the aqueous drug solution in order to increase the adhesion of the drug and make it difficult to peel off at the time of insertion. It is desirable that the drug adheres to the microneedles together with coexisting substances after coating and drying.
- the coexisting substance must be a substance that does not impair the stability of the drug.
- hyaluronic acid collagen and dextrin
- dextran chondroitin
- hydroxypropylcellulose ethylcellulose
- other water-soluble polymer substances glucose, sucrose , Low molecular sugars such as maltose and trehalose, and mixtures thereof.
- an antioxidant, a surfactant, and the like may further coexist.
- the drug solution is preferably applied in a range of about 500 ⁇ m from the tip of the microneedle.
- the microneedles made from polyglycolic acid, polylactic acid, a copolymer of both, or a mixture thereof and having a crystallinity of 21% or more by an injection molding method have a strength and a needle that can be reliably inserted into the skin. There will be no bending when inserting the skin. In addition, it is biodegradable and safe against accidents such as breaking.
- the injection molding method is easy to mass-produce, and this method can provide good quality microneedles at low cost.
- the crystallinity of the resulting microneedle can be 21% or more, and can be inserted reliably.
- the microneedle array can withstand long-term storage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross section of a microneedle array.
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of microneedles of the microneedle array of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of the surface (right) and back (left) of the microneedle array of Example 1.
- 4 is a photomicrograph of microneedles of the microneedle array of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of the microneedle array of Example 1 after 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- FIG. 6 is a micrograph of the microneedle array of Comparative Example 1 after 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of compression to strain curves of the microneedle patches of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cross section of a microneedle array.
- FIG. 2 is a photomicrograph of microneedles of the microneedle array of Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is
- FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph after administration of Example 1 microneedle skin.
- FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph after administration of Comparative Example 1 microneedle skin.
- FIG. 10 is a microneedle micrograph of Example 9.
- FIG. 11 is a photomicrograph from the lateral direction of the microneedle array of Example 1 after 3 months at 40 ° C.
- FIG. 12 is a photomicrograph from the lateral direction of the microneedle array of Example 9 after 3 months at 40 ° C.
- FIG. 1 A cross-sectional view of a typical two-stage microneedle array is schematically shown in FIG.
- the microneedle has a tip portion 11 and a base portion 12.
- the substrate 14 has a substrate base 13 and is provided with irregularities.
- Polyglycolic acid includes (a) a melt viscosity ⁇ * measured at a temperature (250 ° C.) and a shear rate of 100 / sec of 500 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, (b) a melting point Tm of 220 ° C. or higher, and (c) a density of about A polyglycolic acid of 1.5 g / cm 3 can be preferably used.
- a polyglycolic acid resin manufactured by Kureha Corporation is suitable.
- polyglycolic acid high purity Kuredux: manufactured by Kureha Corporation was used.
- Example 1 Production of highly crystallized microneedles by injection molding
- the mold was attached to an injection molding machine (FANUC Co., Ltd.), and polyglycolic acid was melted for injection molding.
- Injection molding was performed at a cylinder temperature of 235 ° C., an injection pressure of 1350 KPa, and a mold temperature of 120 ° C., and a milky white microneedle array having a cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 1 was taken out.
- a micrograph of the microneedle portion of the obtained microneedle array is shown in FIG. 2, and photographs of the front and back surfaces of the microneedle array are shown in FIG.
- the total number of microneedles in the array was 458, indicating a truncated cone shape.
- This microneedle array is referred to as Example 1.
- the microneedle of Example 1 has a two-stage structure as shown in FIG.
- the size was 0.13 mm in the base diameter, 0.1 mm in the base height, 0.034 mm in the tip apex diameter, 0.062 mm in the tip bottom diameter, and 0.3 mm in the tip height.
- the distance between the microneedles was 0.4 mm.
- the substrate has an elliptical shape having a major axis of 1.4 mm, a minor axis of 1.2 mm, and a thickness of 1.0 mm, and a substrate base portion having a thickness of 1.0 mm is provided on the upper part thereof.
- the lower part of the substrate has a concavo-convex structure, not a flat surface, and has lattice-like holes with a depth of 0.5 mm. Note that the sum of the base height and the tip height is the needle height of the microneedle.
- Example 2 The microneedle arrays from Example 2 to Example 8 were prepared in the same manner as Example 1 by changing the mold temperature in various ways. The results are summarized in Table 2. However, the microneedle of Example 8 has a one-stage structure.
- the one-stage structure means that the microneedle does not have a base portion and is configured only by a tip portion.
- the microneedle array was injection molded under the same conditions as in Example 1 with the mold temperature set at 40-50 ° C. A photomicrograph of the obtained microneedle is shown in FIG. The apex diameter of the obtained microneedle was about 0.038 mm, and a substantially transparent microneedle array having a truncated cone-shaped microneedle having a tip height of about 0.25 mm could be produced. This microneedle array is referred to as Comparative Example 1.
- microneedle arrays from Comparative Example 2 to Comparative Example 4 were prepared in the same manner by varying the cylinder temperature and the mold temperature. The results are summarized in Table 2. However, the microneedle of Comparative Example 4 is not a two-stage type but a one-stage type.
- the crystallinity X (%) was calculated according to the following equation.
- X (1 / ⁇ a ⁇ 1 / ⁇ ) / (1 / ⁇ a ⁇ 1 / ⁇ c ) ⁇ 100
- Example 1 where crystallization had progressed, the density and the degree of crystallinity were not significantly changed by heating and holding.
- Comparative Example 1 having a low crystallinity at the time of molding, the density and crystallinity increase due to heating and holding are remarkable. Comparing the photomicrographs, it can be seen that in Example 1, the shape hardly changes, whereas in Comparative Example 1, the needle contraction is significant.
- the tip height (A) after manufacture was compared with the tip height (B) after holding them at 60 ° C. for 24 hours.
- a and B are almost the same value (not contracted).
- B is smaller than A and the tip portion is greatly contracted.
- Example 4 Microneedle strength
- Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were applied with adhesive tape on the back of the substrate and administered to the skin of volunteer upper arms using an applicator.
- the microneedles immediately after administration were collected, and it was measured whether each microneedle was bent by skin administration.
- the number of needles in one microneedle array was 458.
- the ratio of the bent needle was 1.1% in Example 3, whereas 80% of the needle was bent in Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 8 (Example 3) and FIG. 9 (Comparative Example 3) show micrographs.
- the microneedle of Example 3 was almost surely administered into the skin when the model dye was applied to the tip of the needle and then inserted into the human excised skin. This was confirmed by almost disappearing. Moreover, the microneedle of Example 3 was administered to the skin of a volunteer upper arm using an applicator, and it was directly confirmed by OCT that the microneedle was inserted deep into the skin.
- the substrate back surface of the microneedle array of Example 1 has irregularities.
- the depth of the recess is 0.3 mm, and the recess occupies 60% of the back surface (see FIG. 3).
- a microneedle array of Example 9 having no recess was produced under the same injection molding conditions as in Example 1.
Abstract
Description
本発明の特徴は射出圧1000~1500KPaと、金型温度を60~130℃とすることであり、このような条件で射出し成形することにより結晶化が進行し、経時変化のない優れた物性のマイクロニードルが得られる。
無機フィラーとしては、シリカ、酸化チタン、炭酸カルシウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、等が挙げられる。これらは、それぞれ単独で、あるいは2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
基板の凸部は約0.2~10mmが好ましく凹部は0.2mm以上が好ましいが基板の凹部の深さは最大で基盤の厚さと同等な深さまで可能である。基板凹部の全基板面積に対する割合は10%~90%が適当である。凹部割合が10%以下であると凹凸を有するメリットが少ない。また90%以上であると基板が全体として薄くなりマイクロニードルアレイの機械的強度を弱化させる恐れが生じる。
ここに薬物とは、皮膚に働きかけ、あるいは皮膚を透過し、何らかの有益な作用を生じる化合物をいう。本発明の目的に適した薬物の例としては、例えば、生理活性ペプチド類とその誘導体、核酸、オリゴヌクレオチド、各種の抗原蛋白質、バクテリア、ウイルスの断片等が挙げられる。
薬物の溶液はマイクロニードルの先端部から500μm程度の範囲に塗布することが好ましい。
典型的な2段構造のマイクロニードルアレイの断面図を模式的に図1に示す。マイクロニードルは先端部11と基底部12とを有する。基板14は基板台部13を有し、凹凸を設けている。
以下の実施例及び比較例では、ポリグリコール酸(高純度Kuredux:(株)クレハ製)を用いた。
金型を射出成形機(ファナック(株))に取付け、ポリグリコール酸を溶融して射出成形を行なった。シリンダー温度235℃、射出圧力1350KPa、金型温度120℃、で射出成形し図1に示すような断面形状の乳白色のマイクロニードルアレイを取り出した。得られたマイクロニードルアレイのマイクロニードル部分の顕微鏡写真を図2に、このマイクロニードルアレイの表面及び裏面の写真を図3に示す。アレイにあるマイクロニードルの総数は458本であり、円錐台状の形状を示した。このマイクロニードルアレイを実施例1とする。
なお、基底部高さと先端部高さの合計がマイクロニードルの針高さである。
金型温度を40-50℃とし、実施例1とほぼ同様の条件でマイクロニードルアレイを射出成形した。得られたマイクロニードルの顕微鏡写真を図4に示す。得られたマイクロニードルの先端部頂点直径は約0.038mmであり、先端部高さが約0.25mmの円錐台状のマイクロニードルを持つほぼ透明なマイクロニードルアレイが作製できた。このマイクロニードルアレイを比較例1とする。
ポリグリコール酸製マイクロニードルアレイを1,2-ジクロロエタンに入れると底に沈む。1,2-ジクロロエタンに四塩化炭素を加えて混合すると、やがてマイクロニードルアレイは浮上する。マイクロニードルアレイが浮上も沈殿もしない状態の1,2-ジクロロエタンと四塩化炭素の混合液の密度を7本組比重計((株)相互理化学硝子製作所)で求め、その密度をマイクロニードルアレイの密度とした。
X=(1/ρa-1/ρ)/(1/ρa-1/ρc)×100
式中、ρaは結晶化度0%のポリグリコール酸の密度(=1.500 g/cm3)を、ρcは結晶化度100%のポリグリコール酸の密度(=1.700 g/cm3)を表す。
実施例1及び比較例1のマイクロニードルアレイを、60℃で24時間放置した後の写真を図5、図6に示す。また、それらの密度及び結晶化度を表1に示す。結晶化度が低い比較例1のものは、放置により結晶化が進み密度が上昇し、それに伴い異常変形していることがわかる。
マイクロニードルは皮膚に刺入できるに十分な強度を有しなければならない。圧縮強度が大きいものは容易に皮膚に刺入できると考えられるので、マイクロニードルの圧縮強度を小型卓上試験機((株)島津製作所、EZ Test)により測定した。試料を2枚のステンレスの板ではさみ1.0mm/minの速度で圧縮し、降伏点応力を求めた。マイクロニードル1本あたりの降伏点応力を圧縮強度とした(圧縮強度=降伏点応力/針本数)。結果を図7に示す。ここに20は実施例1、21は比較例1のマイクロニードルアレイの結果である。実施例1においては圧縮強度0.07Nを示したのに反し比較例においては明瞭な降伏点を示さない。全実施例、比較例における圧縮強度の値を表2に示す。比較例においては降伏点を示さなかったので、(-)で示す。
以上のように、ポリグリコール酸マイクロニードルの結晶化はマイククロニードル物性に重大な影響を及ぼすことを確認した。結晶化の度合いを最も鋭敏に反映し容易に測定できるのは、マイクロニードルアレイを60℃で24時間加熱後の針高さの変化を測定することである。種々の条件下で作成したマイクロニードルアレイの先端部針高さ(A)と60℃24時間加熱後の針高さ(B)の比(B/A)を収縮率(%)として表2にまとめた。実施例8と比較例4のマイクロニードルアレイは、2段型ではなく1段型であるが、製造条件と収縮率に関しては2段型も1段型も大きな差異がなかった。
Claims (8)
- ポリグリコール酸を素材とし、その結晶化度が21%以上であり、先端部の軸方向の収縮率が99%以上であるマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 圧縮強度測定において、降伏点を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- マイクロニードルの形状が円錐形もしくは円錐台形もしくはコニーデ型であり、マイクロニードルは1段構造若しくは2段構造をとっており、マイクロニードルの針高さは0.1mmから1.5mmであり、マイクロニードル間の間隙は0.2mmから1.5mmであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 基板の上部に基板台部を有し、及び/又は基板の下部に凹凸を有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- 基板下部の凹部の深さは0.2mm以上であり、凹部が全基板面積の10%~90%を占めることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- マイクロニードルの先端部に薬物を保持させたことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のマイクロニードルアレイ。
- ポリグリコール酸を、シリンダー温度230~280℃、金型温度60~130℃、射出圧1000~1500KPaで射出成形することによって、ポリグリコール酸の結晶化度が21%以上であり、先端部の軸方向の収縮率が99%以上であるマイクロニードルアレイを製造する製造方法。
- 結晶化度が21%以上であり、先端部の軸方向の収縮率が99%以上であるポリグリコール酸を素材とするマイクロニードルアレイの先端から500μmの間に薬物を保持させた経皮吸収製剤。
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