WO2016148117A1 - 熱電変換材料、熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール - Google Patents
熱電変換材料、熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016148117A1 WO2016148117A1 PCT/JP2016/058057 JP2016058057W WO2016148117A1 WO 2016148117 A1 WO2016148117 A1 WO 2016148117A1 JP 2016058057 W JP2016058057 W JP 2016058057W WO 2016148117 A1 WO2016148117 A1 WO 2016148117A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- thermoelectric conversion
- conversion material
- general formula
- plate
- crystal
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 233
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 165
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- UMRUNOIJZLCTGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;manganese Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Mn].[Mn].[Mn].[Mn] UMRUNOIJZLCTGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 61
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 60
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 59
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 17
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 15
- 150000001869 cobalt compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 12
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 12
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910015902 Bi 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 3
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005678 Seebeck effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007507 annealing of glass Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth chloride Chemical compound Cl[Bi](Cl)Cl JHXKRIRFYBPWGE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940049676 bismuth hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TZSXPYWRDWEXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Bi+3] TZSXPYWRDWEXHG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000476 body water Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHLCADGWXYCDQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] JHLCADGWXYCDQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMJQWGIYCROUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;methanolate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C.[O-]C AMJQWGIYCROUQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPJXTZQPRTGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;propan-1-olate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] OEPJXTZQPRTGCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PAWJJGAENXYUFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+);propan-1-olate Chemical compound [Co+2].CCC[O-].CCC[O-] PAWJJGAENXYUFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007716 flux method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003746 solid phase reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003852 thin film production method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/80—Constructional details
- H10N10/85—Thermoelectric active materials
- H10N10/851—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions
- H10N10/855—Thermoelectric active materials comprising inorganic compositions comprising compounds containing boron, carbon, oxygen or nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/01—Manufacture or treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
- H10N10/10—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects
- H10N10/17—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects operating with only the Peltier or Seebeck effects characterised by the structure or configuration of the cell or thermocouple forming the device
Definitions
- thermoelectric conversion material in particular, a thermoelectric conversion material comprising a CoO 2 -based layered oxide useful as a p-type thermoelectric conversion material, a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion module using the thermoelectric conversion material.
- Thermoelectric conversion is an energy conversion method that uses the Seebeck effect to generate a potential difference by creating a temperature difference at both ends of the thermoelectric conversion material.
- electricity can be obtained simply by placing one end of a thermoelectric conversion material in a high-temperature part generated by waste heat and placing the other end in the atmosphere (room temperature) and connecting a conductor to each end. Accordingly, there is no need for a movable device such as a motor or a turbine necessary for general power generation. For this reason, there is an advantage that power generation cost is low, gas is not discharged due to combustion, and power generation can be continuously performed until the thermoelectric conversion material deteriorates.
- oxides having n-type thermoelectric conversion characteristics calcium manganese composite oxide of CaMnO 3 , oxides obtained by substituting a part of Ca or Mn of the calcium manganese composite oxide with appropriate elements, etc. have been proposed.
- the composite oxide exhibits good conductivity even in high-temperature air, and since its Seebeck coefficient exceeds 100 ⁇ V / K, it is expected to be put to practical use as an n-type oxide thermoelectric conversion material (for example, Patent Document 1).
- CoO 2 layered oxide such as calcium cobaltate (Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 ) or a part of Ca or / and Co of the calcium cobaltate is appropriately used.
- CoO 2 layered oxides substituted with elements have also been reported (for example, see Patent Documents 2 to 3).
- Thermoelectric conversion material using CoO 2 based layered oxides are excellent with a plate-like crystals of CoO 2 based layered oxides in order to express the thermoelectric properties, prepared as crystal plane is oriented in one direction .
- Patent Document 4 proposes a thermoelectric conversion element using a CoO 2 -based layered oxide as a p-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- a method for preparing the thermoelectric conversion material a plate crystal of CoO 2 -based layered oxide is pressurized.
- a method of preparing by a so-called pressure sintering method in which molding is performed and then hot press sintering under pressure is disclosed.
- thermoelectric conversion material obtained by the pressure sintering method of Patent Document 4 is obtained by aligning the plate-like crystals of CoO 2 -based layered oxide in the direction of the crystal plane and having excellent orientation. In the kneading method, it is difficult to produce a large amount of sintered bodies at the same time, which is not industrially advantageous.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a plate-like material made of a cobalt compound such as Co 3 O 4 and Co (OH) 2.
- a method has been proposed in which powder, a calcium compound, and a fluorine compound are molded by a doctor blade method, a press molding method, a rolling method, an extrusion method, and the like and then sintered at normal pressure.
- JP 2010-37131 A Japanese Patent No. 3069701 JP 2001-223393 A JP 2006-49796 A JP 2004-152846 A
- thermoelectric power generation is attracting attention as one promising technology for solving energy problems that will be a concern in the future.
- thermoelectric conversion materials that contain CoO 2 -based layered oxides and have excellent thermoelectric properties are industrially used. There is a need for a method of manufacturing in an advantageous manner.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a thermoelectric conversion material comprising a CoO 2 -based layered oxide having an excellent thermoelectric property, manufactured by an industrially advantageous method, a thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion module using the thermoelectric conversion material. It is to provide.
- the present inventors have reacted a plate calcium crystal of a specific calcium cobaltate, a bismuth compound, a cobalt compound, and a calcium compound as a template. Since the CoO 2 -based layered oxide obtained as a raw material promotes crystal growth in the major axis direction during the firing reaction, it becomes a plate-like crystal in which crystals have developed in the major axis direction, and has a specific major axis length. Found that a composite oxide plate-like crystal having a thickness is made of a sintered body oriented in the major axis direction of the crystal plane has thermoelectric properties equivalent to a thermoelectric conversion material obtained by a pressure sintering method. The present invention has been completed.
- the present invention (1) includes the following general formula (2): Bi f Ca g M 3 h Co i M 4 j O k (2)
- M 3 is a kind selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, Ba, Al, Y, and a lanthanoid
- M 4 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, W, Nb and Ta.
- the present invention (2) is a thermoelectric conversion element having a p-type thermoelectric conversion material and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material is the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention (1). A feature of the thermoelectric conversion element is provided.
- this invention (3) provides the thermoelectric conversion module characterized by having the thermoelectric conversion element of this invention (2).
- thermoelectric conversion element and a thermoelectric conversion module using the thermoelectric conversion material composed of CoO 2 based layered oxides, the thermoelectric conversion material having excellent thermoelectric properties be able to.
- thermoelectric conversion element in this invention. It is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the thermoelectric conversion module in the present invention. It is a rear view of the thermoelectric conversion module of FIG. It is a SEM photograph of calcium cobaltate used in the example. It is a SEM photograph of the section of the thermoelectric conversion material obtained in Example 1 (magnification 1000 times). It is a SEM photograph of the section of the thermoelectric conversion material obtained by comparative example 1 (magnification 1000 times).
- thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention has the following general formula (2): Bi f Ca g M 3 h Co i M 4 j O k (2)
- M 3 is a kind selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, Ba, Al, Y, and a lanthanoid
- M 4 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, W, Nb and Ta.
- thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention has the following general formula (2): Bi f Ca g M 3 h Co i M 4 j O k (2) A sintered body of a plate-like crystal of a complex oxide represented by
- M 3 is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Li, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, Ba, Al, Y, and a lanthanoid.
- M 4 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, W, Nb, and Ta. It is.
- the lanthanoid element of M 3 include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu.
- M 1 and M 2 are elements added to impart electrical conductivity.
- f is 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1.0, preferably 0.2 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.8.
- thermoelectric conversion material When f is in the above range, the thermoelectric conversion material has a high density and excellent thermoelectric properties.
- g is 2.0 ⁇ g ⁇ 3.6, preferably 2.2 ⁇ g ⁇ 3.3, particularly preferably 3.0 ⁇ g ⁇ 3.3.
- h is 0 ⁇ h ⁇ 1.0, preferably 0.1 ⁇ h ⁇ 0.9.
- i is 3.5 ⁇ i ⁇ 4.5, preferably 3.7 ⁇ i ⁇ 4.3.
- j is 0 ⁇ j ⁇ 0.5, preferably 0.1 ⁇ j ⁇ 0.4.
- k is 8.0 ⁇ k ⁇ 10.0, preferably 8.5 ⁇ k ⁇ 9.5.
- the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) is a CoO 2 layered oxide of calcium cobaltate (Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 ), in which part of Ca is Bi, and further substituted with M 3 element as necessary. In this case, a part of Co is optionally substituted with M 4 element.
- the structure of the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) is such that a layer having a rock salt structure, six O's are octahedrally coordinated to one Co, and the octahedrons share sides with each other. Two-dimensionally arranged CoO 2 layers have a structure in which they are alternately stacked.
- thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion material made of a complex oxide represented by the general formula (2) having a single phase in X-ray diffraction.
- thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention is a composite oxide plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (2) constituting the thermoelectric conversion material, in which the crystal is developed in the major axis direction as compared with the conventional one. .
- the plate-like crystal of the complex oxide represented by the general formula (2) is oriented in the major axis direction of the crystal plane, that is, the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material and the general formula (2).
- the major axis direction of the crystal plane of the plate-like crystal of the complex oxide represented by is substantially parallel. Note that the orientation of the plate crystals in the major axis direction of the crystal plane is confirmed by SEM observation of the cross section of the thermoelectric conversion material at a magnification of 1000 times.
- the fact that the major axis direction of the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material and the crystal plane of the complex oxide plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (2) is substantially parallel is the inclination of the major axis direction with respect to the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material Indicates that the ratio of the plate-like crystals of the composite oxide having a value of 0 ⁇ 20 ° or less is 60% or more in terms of number.
- thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention the higher the content of the plate-like crystal of the complex oxide represented by the general formula (2) oriented in the major axis direction of the crystal plane, the better the thermoelectric characteristics.
- the thermoelectric conversion material is cut into two, and the cross section of the cut end is 1000 times larger.
- the ratio of the plate-like crystals of the complex oxide whose major axis inclination with respect to the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is within 0 ⁇ 20 ° may be 60% or more in terms of number, and preferably the thermoelectric The ratio of the plate-like crystals of the complex oxide whose major axis inclination with respect to the surface of the conversion material is within 0 ⁇ 15 ° is 65% or more in terms of number.
- the density of the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention is 4.0 to 5.1 g / cm 3 , preferably 4.2 to 5.1 g / cm 3 .
- the density of the thermoelectric conversion material is in the above range, the strength of the thermoelectric conversion material can be increased, the workability can be improved, and the resistivity of the thermoelectric conversion material can be reduced.
- the average length of the major axis of the plate-like crystal of the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) constituting the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention is 20 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 to 50 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 25 to 50 ⁇ m. .
- the average length of the minor axis of the plate-like crystal of the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) constituting the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.8 to 3 ⁇ m. Particularly preferred is 0.8 to 1.8 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio of the plate-like crystal of the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) constituting the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention is 20 or more, preferably 20 to 50.
- the thermoelectric characteristics are excellent.
- the major axis, minor axis, and aspect ratio of the plate-like crystal of the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) are the same as those of the plate-like crystal of the complex oxide represented by the general formula (2) at a magnification of 1000 times.
- the method for producing the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention includes the following method (1) for producing a thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion material is represented by the following general formula (1): Ca a M 1 b Co c M 2 d O e (1) (Wherein M 1 is selected from the group consisting of Bi, Na, K, Li, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, Ba, Al, Y and lanthanoids. One or more elements, and M 2 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, W, Nb, and Ta.
- A is 2.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 3.6, b is 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.0, c is 2.0 ⁇ c ⁇ 4.5, d is 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 2.0, and e is 8. (0 ⁇ e ⁇ 10.0)
- thermoelectric conversion material that is a sintered body of a plate-like crystal of a complex oxide represented by: It is a manufacturing method of the thermoelectric conversion material which has this.
- the manufacturing method (1) of the thermoelectric conversion material includes a slurry preparation step, a sheeting step, a lamination step, and a firing step.
- the slurry preparation step is a step of preparing a raw material slurry containing a plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1), a bismuth compound, a calcium compound, and a cobalt compound.
- the calcium cobaltate according to the slurry preparation step is represented by the general formula (1): Ca a M 1 b Co c M 2 d O e (1) It is calcium cobaltate represented by these.
- M 1 is selected from the group consisting of Bi, Na, K, Li, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sr, Ba, Al, Y, and a lanthanoid.
- M 2 is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mo, W, Nb and Ta.
- M 1 is an element added for imparting electrical conductivity, and M 1 is preferably Bi.
- M 2 is an element added to further improve thermoelectric characteristics as necessary.
- the lanthanoid element according to M 1 include La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu.
- a is 2.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 3.6, preferably 2.2 ⁇ a ⁇ 3.3.
- b is 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 1.0, preferably 0.1 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.9.
- c is 2.0 ⁇ c ⁇ 4.5, preferably 2.2 ⁇ c ⁇ 4.3.
- d is 0 ⁇ d ⁇ 2.0, preferably 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.9.
- e is 8.0 ⁇ e ⁇ 10.0, preferably 8.5 ⁇ e ⁇ 9.5.
- the calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) is a known compound, and in the CoO 2 layered oxide of calcium cobaltate (Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 ), a part of Ca is substituted with M 1 element. In this case, a part of Co is optionally substituted with M 2 element.
- the structure of calcium cobaltate is a layer having a rock salt type structure, and a CoO 2 layer in which six O's are octahedrally coordinated to one Co, and the octahedrons are arranged two-dimensionally so that they share sides with each other. Is known to have a structure in which layers are alternately stacked.
- the calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) related to the slurry preparation step is a plate crystal.
- the plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) functions as a template in the process of manufacturing the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention.
- the plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate is oriented in the major axis direction of the crystal plane, resulting in the orientation of the plate-like compound oxide represented by the general formula (2).
- the crystal can be oriented in the major axis direction of the crystal plane.
- the major axis of the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 6 to 15 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 7 to 13 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of obtaining a thermoelectric conversion material having good orientation.
- the minor axis of the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0 in that a thermoelectric conversion material with further improved orientation can be obtained. .5-4 ⁇ m.
- the aspect ratio of the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 5 to 20, particularly preferably 8 to 15 in that the contact resistance is reduced.
- the major axis, minor axis, and aspect ratio of the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystals are average values of 10 particles obtained by observing the plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate with a SEM at a magnification of 1000 times and arbitrarily extracting in the field of view. It is.
- the plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) is produced by a known method.
- the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (1) is prepared by mixing a calcium source, a cobalt source, an M 1 source and, if necessary, a raw material of an M 2 source at a predetermined blending ratio. (See JP 2001-223393 A, JP 3069701 A, JP 2006-499796 A, etc.).
- the calcium compound according to the slurry preparation step is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having a calcium atom, and is calcium oxide, calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium nitrate, calcium hydroxide, dimethoxycalcium, diethoxycalcium, dipropoxycalcium, etc. Is mentioned.
- the cobalt compound of the slurry preparation step may be a compound having a cobalt atom, e.g., CoO, Co 2 O 3, Co 3 cobalt oxide O 4 or the like, cobalt chloride, cobalt carbonate, cobalt nitrate, cobalt hydroxide , Dipropoxy cobalt and the like.
- a cobalt atom e.g., CoO, Co 2 O 3, Co 3 cobalt oxide O 4 or the like
- cobalt chloride cobalt carbonate
- cobalt nitrate cobalt nitrate
- cobalt hydroxide e.g., Dipropoxy cobalt and the like.
- the bismuth compound related to the slurry preparation step may be a compound having bismuth, for example, bismuth oxide such as Bi 2 O 3 and Bi 2 O 5 , bismuth nitrate, bismuth chloride, bismuth hydroxide, tripropoxy bismuth and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the physical properties of the calcium compound, cobalt compound, and bismuth compound are not particularly limited, but in view of excellent reactivity, the average particle size determined by the laser diffraction method is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 0.1 to 3 0.0 ⁇ m.
- each raw material component is a solvent by adding the plate-like crystal of the calcium cobaltate represented by General formula (1), a calcium compound, a cobalt compound, and a bismuth compound to a solvent, and mixing and stirring.
- a raw material slurry dispersed in is prepared.
- the content of the tabular crystal of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) is that of the calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) in that the thermoelectric conversion material can be highly oriented.
- the content is preferably 1 to 99% by mass, particularly preferably 10 to 80% by mass, based on the total content of plate crystals, bismuth compound, calcium compound and cobalt compound.
- the bismuth compound has a function as a sintering aid as well as a bismuth source that incorporates Bi into the crystal structure of the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2).
- the raw material slurry is an amount such that the value of f in the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) is 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1, preferably 0.2 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.8. It is preferable to contain a bismuth compound because the thermoelectric conversion material can be densified and a thermoelectric conversion material having excellent thermoelectric properties can be obtained.
- a bismuth compound because the thermoelectric conversion material can be densified and a thermoelectric conversion material having excellent thermoelectric properties can be obtained.
- calcium cobaltate containing Bi is used as the plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1), it is included in the calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1).
- the amount of f in the compound oxide represented by the general formula (2) is such that 0 ⁇ f ⁇ 1, preferably 0.2 ⁇ f ⁇ 0.8
- the raw slurry contains a bismuth compound because the thermoelectric conversion material can be densified and a thermoelectric conversion material having excellent thermoelectric properties can be obtained.
- g in the formula of the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) The value is 2.0 ⁇ g ⁇ 3.6, preferably 2.2 ⁇ g ⁇ 3.3, and the value of i is 3.5 ⁇ i ⁇ 4.5, preferably 3.7 ⁇ i ⁇ 4.
- the raw material slurry is made to contain a calcium compound and a cobalt compound in an amount of 3.
- Examples of the solvent in the slurry preparation step include water, a mixed solvent of water and a hydrophilic solvent, and an organic solvent.
- the slurry concentration (solid content) of the raw material slurry is preferably 60 to 75% by mass, particularly preferably 65 to 70% by mass, from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the slurry and high density of the raw material sheet in the sheeting step. .
- a dispersant can be added to the raw slurry in order to further improve the dispersibility of the solid content.
- the dispersant include various surfactants, polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt, alkyl sulfate ester salt, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate ester salt, alkylbenzene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate formalin condensate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether. , Polyoxyethylene sorbidan fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene alkylamine, alkylamine oxide and the like.
- the content of the dispersant in the raw material slurry is preferably 0.1 to 10% by mass, particularly preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass, from the viewpoint that a sufficient dispersion effect can be exhibited.
- the binder resin in the raw slurry preparation step, it is preferable to contain a binder resin in the raw slurry from the viewpoint of giving the raw material sheet appropriate strength and flexibility.
- the binder resin include known binder resins such as acrylic, cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, urethane, and vinyl acetate.
- the content of the binder resin in the raw slurry is preferably 5 to 25% by mass, particularly preferably 10 to 20 in that a high density and high strength raw material sheet can be obtained by increasing the bonding force between the particles. % By mass.
- a known plasticizer such as a phthalate ester, a fatty acid ester, or a glycol derivative may be added to the raw material slurry as necessary.
- the raw material slurry prepared in the slurry preparation step is made into a sheet, and a raw material sheet comprising a mixture of raw material components, that is, a calcium cobaltate plate crystal represented by the general formula (1), a bismuth compound, calcium It is the process of preparing the sheet
- the raw material sheet is prepared so that at least the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (1) is oriented in the major axis direction of the crystal plane, that is, the sheet surface of the raw material sheet and the general It is important to prepare the raw material sheet so that the major axis direction of the crystal plane of the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the formula (1) is substantially parallel.
- the general formula (1) By forming a sheet using a raw material slurry containing calcium cobaltate plate crystals, the calcium cobaltate plate crystals represented by the general formula (1) are oriented in the major axis direction of the crystal plane. A raw material sheet is obtained.
- the crystal plane of the plate crystal refers to a plane extending in the two-dimensional direction of the plate crystal, and the major axis direction of the crystal plane of the plate crystal is the major axis of the crystal plane of the plate crystal.
- the orientation of the plate crystals in the major axis direction of the crystal plane means that the plate crystals are oriented so that the major axis directions of the crystal faces of each plate crystal are substantially the same.
- the sheet surface of the raw material sheet refers to a surface of the raw material sheet that extends in the two-dimensional direction.
- the fact that the major axis direction of the sheet surface of the raw material sheet and the crystal plane of the calcium cobaltate plate crystal represented by the general formula (1) is substantially parallel means the inclination of the major axis direction with respect to the sheet surface of the raw material sheet
- the ratio of the tabular crystals of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) having a value of 0 ⁇ 20 ° or less is 60% or more in terms of number.
- the orientation of the plate crystal is confirmed by cutting the raw material sheet into two and observing the cross section of the cut surface with a SEM at a magnification of 1000 times.
- the raw material slurry is made into a sheet and a raw material sheet is prepared by, for example, uniformly applying the raw material slurry to a sheet-like substrate resin using an applicator and a coating machine, and then drying the raw material sheet.
- the method is not limited to this, and may be a method such as a doctor blade method, a press molding method, a rolling method, an extrusion method, or a method in which these methods are appropriately combined.
- the thickness of the raw material sheet prepared in the sheeting step is preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m in that the sheet strength is increased to improve the workability in the lamination step, and a thermoelectric conversion material excellent in orientation can be obtained. Particularly preferred is 100 to 350 ⁇ m.
- the sheet forming step it contains a plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1), a bismuth compound, a calcium compound and a cobalt compound, and is represented by the general formula (1) in the sheet. It is possible to obtain a raw material sheet in which plate-like crystals of calcium cobaltate are oriented in the major axis direction substantially parallel to the sheet surface.
- the laminating step is a step of preparing the raw material sheet laminate by laminating the raw material sheets prepared in the sheeting step.
- the size of the raw material sheet laminate and the number of raw material sheets stacked are appropriately selected according to the machine to be used.
- the reactivity of the raw material sheet laminate is further improved by pressing the raw material sheet laminate, and the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (1)
- the orientation can be further increased.
- the pressure at the time of pressure bonding is usually 2.4 to 19.6 MPa, preferably 4.0 to 9.6 MPa, although it varies depending on the type of press, the physical properties and types of raw material sheets, and the like. Further, by performing the pressure bonding while applying a temperature of 50 to 200 ° C., preferably 70 to 150 ° C., the raw material sheet laminate can be pressure bonded more efficiently.
- Examples of the press machine used for the crimping include a hand press machine, a tableting machine, a briquette machine, and a roller compactor, but are not particularly limited to these apparatuses.
- the firing step is a step of obtaining a thermoelectric conversion material containing the composite oxide represented by the general formula (2) by firing the raw material sheet laminate prepared in the lamination step.
- a plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate represented by the general formula (1) serves as a template, and along that, the reaction between the plate-like crystal of calcium cobaltate and a bismuth compound, a calcium compound, a cobalt compound, and Since the reaction such as the reaction of the bismuth compound proceeds, the resulting composite oxide has excellent orientation due to the excellent orientation of the calcium cobaltate plate-like crystal represented by the general formula (1).
- the calcination temperature is preferably 900 to 980 ° C., particularly preferably 910 to 960 ° C. in that a thermoelectric conversion material composed of a high-density and single-phase composite oxide can be obtained.
- the firing atmosphere is preferably an air atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere.
- the firing time is preferably 10 hours or more, particularly preferably 20 to 60 hours.
- the raw material slurry contains a binder resin
- heat treatment may be performed mainly for degreasing before the firing step.
- the temperature for degreasing is not particularly limited as long as it is sufficient to thermally decompose the binder resin. Usually, the degreasing temperature is 500 ° C. or less.
- thermoelectric conversion material obtained by performing the firing step can be subjected to surface polishing treatment if necessary and cut out to a desired size.
- thermoelectric conversion material which consists of a sintered body of the plate-like crystal
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion element having a p-type thermoelectric conversion material and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material, and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material is the thermoelectric conversion material of the present invention. It is a thermoelectric conversion element.
- thermoelectric conversion material examples include a calcium manganese composite oxide represented by the following general formula (3) and a calcium manganese composite oxide represented by the following general formula (4). At least one selected is preferable.
- a 1 is selected from the group consisting of Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Yb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Tb, Lu, Sr, Ba, Al, Bi, Y, and La.
- a 2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ta, Nb, W, V and Mo.
- x is 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5
- y is 0 ⁇ .
- z is 2.7 ⁇ z ⁇ 3.3.
- the calcium manganese composite oxide represented by the general formula (3) and the calcium manganese composite oxide represented by the general formula (4) are known compounds and have a negative Seebeck coefficient. When a temperature difference is generated between both ends of the material made of an oxide, the potential generated by the thermoelectromotive force is higher on the high temperature side than on the low temperature side, and exhibits characteristics as an n-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- the calcium manganese complex oxide represented by the general formula (3) is a calcium manganese complex oxide having a perovskite type crystal structure. Ca is partially substituted with an A 1 element as necessary, and a part of Mn If necessary, it is partially substituted with A 2 element.
- a 1 and A 2 are elements that are included as necessary with the intention of imparting electrical conductivity.
- calcium-manganese-based composite oxide represented by, in the calcium-manganese-based composite oxide having a layered perovskite structure, Ca partially substituted with A 3 element by the need, some of the Mn those substituted partially with A 4 elements necessary.
- a 3 and A 4 are elements that are included as necessary for the purpose of imparting electrical conductivity.
- the calcium manganese composite oxide represented by the following general formula (3) and the calcium manganese composite oxide represented by the following general formula (4) are produced by a known method. It can be manufactured by mixing raw materials and firing so that the metal component ratio is the same as the metal component ratio of the composite oxide (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2006-49796 and 2010-37131). No. 2010-195620, etc.). Further, the obtained calcium manganese composite oxide is filled in a mold having a predetermined shape, molded under pressure, and sintered under normal pressure, so that an n-type thermoelectric conversion having a predetermined shape is obtained. Can be a material.
- thermoelectric conversion element of the present invention is obtained by electrically connecting one end of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material and one end of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- the shape, size, etc. of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material and n-type thermoelectric conversion material are not particularly limited, and are appropriately selected according to the size, shape, etc. of the thermoelectric conversion module so that the necessary thermoelectric performance can be exhibited. Is done.
- the method of electrically connecting one end of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material and one end of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material is not particularly limited, but the operating temperature of the thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention (293 to 1223 K (absolute temperature)) ) Any method that can withstand the range is acceptable.
- a method of bonding one end of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material and one end of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material to a conductive material using a bonding agent or directly or electrically connecting one end of a p-type thermoelectric conversion material and one end of an n-type thermoelectric conversion material
- a method of pressure bonding or sintering through a conductive material a method of electrically connecting a p-type thermoelectric conversion material and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material using a conductor material, and the like.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a thermoelectric conversion element in the present invention.
- a thermoelectric conversion element 10 includes a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (P), an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (N), an electrode (1), an electrode (1a), and a binder (2).
- the p-type thermoelectric conversion material (P), the electrode (1), and the electrode (1a) are connected via the binder (2).
- the n-type thermoelectric conversion material (N), the electrode (1), and the electrode (1a) are connected via the binder (2).
- a metal paste, solder or the like is used, and noble metals such as gold, silver and platinum that can be used even at a high temperature of about 1223K, and pastes containing these noble metals are suitable.
- noble metals such as gold, silver and platinum that can be used even at a high temperature of about 1223K, and pastes containing these noble metals are suitable.
- an insulating substrate (not shown) may be further connected to the electrode (1a) via a binder (2).
- the insulating substrate is used for the purpose of improving thermal uniformity, mechanical strength, maintaining electrical insulation, and the like.
- oxide ceramics such as alumina is preferable.
- thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention is a thermoelectric conversion module comprising a plurality of the thermoelectric conversion elements of the present invention, and the unjoined end of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material of one thermoelectric conversion element is the other A plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements are connected in series by being connected to an unconnected end of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material of the thermoelectric conversion element.
- the end part of the p-type thermoelectric conversion element and the end part of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material of the other thermoelectric conversion element are bonded by using a binder to bond the unjoined end part of the thermoelectric conversion element onto the substrate. Are connected on the insulating substrate.
- thermoelectric conversion elements used in one thermoelectric conversion module is not particularly limited, and can be arbitrarily selected according to required power.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention.
- eight thermoelectric conversion elements are used.
- the output of the module is approximately equal to the output of the thermoelectric conversion element multiplied by the number of thermoelectric conversion elements used.
- thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention can generate a voltage by arranging one end of the thermoelectric conversion module in the high temperature portion and the other end of the thermoelectric conversion module in the low temperature portion.
- the substrate surface may be disposed in the high temperature portion and the other end may be disposed in the low temperature portion.
- thermoelectric conversion module shown in FIG. 2
- FIG. 3 showing the rear view of FIG. 2 in more detail.
- thermoelectric conversion material (N) and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material (P) for example, a silver paste or the like is screen-printed, dried, fired, and then n-type thermoelectric conversion material (N). And a binder (2a) layer is formed on the end face of the p-type thermoelectric conversion material (P).
- a silver paste or the like is screen-printed in a predetermined pattern on an insulating substrate (4) such as an alumina substrate, dried, and then fired to form a binder (2b) layer.
- a silver paste or the like is further screen-printed on the binder (2b) layer, an electrode (1a) such as a silver electrode is placed thereon, and a dried structure is obtained.
- a lower electrode substrate (5) is produced.
- thermoelectric conversion module of FIG. 2 can be manufactured by baking the structure (6) after thermocompression treatment.
- Examples of the heat source in the high temperature section include automobile engines; factories; thermal power or nuclear power plants; various fuel cells such as molten carbonate type (MCFC), hydrogen membrane separation type (HMFC), solid oxide type (SOFC); gas Examples include high-temperature heat of about 200 ° C. or higher from various cogeneration systems such as engine type and gas turbine type, and low-temperature heat of about 20 to 200 ° C. such as solar heat, hot water, body temperature, and the like.
- MCFC molten carbonate type
- HMFC hydrogen membrane separation type
- SOFC solid oxide type
- gas Examples include high-temperature heat of about 200 ° C. or higher from various cogeneration systems such as engine type and gas turbine type, and low-temperature heat of about 20 to 200 ° C. such as solar heat, hot water, body temperature, and the like.
- thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention can be used in a temperature range of 773 to 1223 K (absolute temperature), particularly in a high temperature range of 873 to 1223 K (absolute temperature). It can be used.
- thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention is excellent in thermal durability, and even if the high temperature portion is rapidly cooled from a high temperature of about 1073 K to room temperature, it is not damaged and the power generation characteristics are hardly deteriorated.
- thermoelectric conversion module of the present invention is not only small and has high power density, but also resistant to thermal shock, so waste heat from factories, garbage incinerators, thermal / nuclear power plants, various fuel cells, cogeneration systems, etc. In addition to its use, it can also be applied to thermoelectric power generation using the heat of an automobile engine with a drastic temperature change.
- the major axis, minor axis, and aspect ratio are average values of 10 particles obtained by observing the obtained calcium cobaltate particles with an SEM at a magnification of 1000 times and arbitrarily extracting from the field of view. Moreover, the SEM photograph of the obtained calcium cobaltate is shown in FIG.
- Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Calcium cobaltate, calcium carbonate (average particle size 1.4 ⁇ m) obtained above, cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 , average particle size 1.1 ⁇ m), bismuth oxide (Bi 2 O 3 , average particle size 2.5 ⁇ m) was charged in a container with the blending amount shown in Table 2. Next, an aqueous solution containing 1% by mass of a dispersant and 2% by mass of ethanol was added to the container so that the slurry concentration was 68.5% by mass.
- thermoelectric conversion material was cut into a size that could be measured with a thermoelectric property evaluation apparatus, and the cut surface was flattened using a polishing machine to prepare a p-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Reference Example 1) A p-type thermoelectric conversion material was prepared by the pressure sintering method based on the description in Example 1 of JP-A-2006-49796 using the calcium cobaltate obtained above. Note that. Hot press sintering was performed at 1123 K for 20 hours under uniaxial pressure of 10 MPa.
- thermoelectric conversion material obtained by the Example was measured about the thermoelectric conversion material obtained by the Example, the comparative example, and the reference example. Moreover, the complex oxide contained in the thermoelectric conversion material was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and ICP analysis. The results are shown in Table 3.
- thermoelectric conversion materials of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 were cut into two by hand, and SEM photographs of cross sections of the thermoelectric conversion materials of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively. It was.
- the average length of the major axis, the average length of the minor axis, and the aspect ratio were determined by cutting the p-type thermoelectric conversion material into two by hand, observing the cross section of the cut surface at a magnification of 1000 times, and arbitrarily changing the field of view. It is an average value about 10 particles in the extracted cross section.
- thermoelectric conversion material (Evaluation of orientation state) A p-type thermoelectric conversion material is cut into two by hand, and the cross section of the cut surface is observed by SEM at a magnification of 1000 times, and a complex oxide whose major axis inclination with respect to the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is within 0 ⁇ 20 °
- the ratio of plate crystals was determined.
- the symbols in the table indicate the following.
- O The major axis tilt with respect to the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is 0 ⁇ .
- the ratio of the plate-like crystal of the composite oxide within 20 ° is 60% or more and less than 80%.
- ⁇ The plate-like crystal of the composite oxide having a tilt in the major axis direction with respect to the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is within 0 ⁇ 20 °.
- the ratio is 40% or more and less than 60% x: The ratio of the plate-like crystal of the complex oxide whose major axis inclination with respect to the surface of the thermoelectric conversion material is within 0 ⁇ 20 ° is less than 40%
- thermoelectric property evaluation apparatus ZEM-3 ULVAC-RIKO
- the power factor was calculated after measurement.
- a power factor is calculated
- Power factor (PF) S 2 / ⁇ (1) (S: thermoelectromotive force, ⁇ : specific resistance value)
- thermoelectric conversion materials of the present invention (Examples 1 to 5) have a higher power factor and excellent thermoelectric properties than the thermoelectric conversion materials obtained in the comparative examples, and the pressure firing. It was found that the thermoelectric conversion material (Reference Example 1) obtained by the sintering method has almost the same thermoelectric characteristics.
- thermoelectric conversion module (Creation of thermoelectric conversion module) ⁇ Creation of n-type thermoelectric conversion material> Calcium carbonate and manganese oxide were weighed so that the molar ratio of calcium to manganese was 1.0: 1.0 and charged into the tank. Water and a dispersant (polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt) were added to the tank to prepare a slurry having a slurry concentration of 30% by mass. The concentration of the dispersant was 2% by mass. While stirring the slurry, the slurry was supplied to a media stirring type bead mill charged with zirconia beads having a diameter of 0.5 mm, and mixed for 90 minutes for wet grinding. Next, the slurry was supplied to a spray dryer set at 200 ° C.
- a dispersant polycarboxylic acid ammonium salt
- the dried raw material was charged into an electric furnace and baked in the air at 850 ° C. for 5 hours. X-ray diffraction measurement was performed on the fired product, and it was confirmed that a single phase of CaMnO 3 was obtained.
- the fired product was charged into a mold and pressed at a pressure of 2 t / cm 2 to prepare a molded body.
- the compact was charged into an electric furnace and heat-treated at 1250 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain an n-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion module was produced using the thermoelectric conversion material of Example 1 as the p-type thermoelectric conversion material and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material prepared above as the n-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion material of Example 1 was produced using the thermoelectric conversion material of Example 1 as the p-type thermoelectric conversion material and the n-type thermoelectric conversion material prepared above as the n-type thermoelectric conversion material.
- thermoelectric conversion material (P, N) Silver paste is screen-printed on the end faces of the n-type thermoelectric conversion material (N) and the p-type thermoelectric conversion material (P) prepared in Example 1, and is dried for 15 minutes in a 120 ° C. dryer, and then the electricity at 850 ° C. Heating was performed in a furnace for 1 hour to form a binder (2a) layer on the end face of the thermoelectric conversion material.
- ⁇ Process B Preparation of lower electrode substrate (5)> A silver paste was printed in a predetermined pattern on the alumina substrate (4), dried for 15 minutes with a dryer at 120 ° C., and then heated in an electric furnace at 850 ° C. for 1 hour to form a binder (2b) layer. A silver paste (2c) was further printed on the binder (2b) layer, and after placing the silver electrode (1a), it was dried with a dryer at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes. The structure (5) on which the silver electrode (1a) was arranged was thermocompression bonded at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes with a load of 35 kN to obtain a lower electrode substrate (5).
- thermoelectric conversion module A silver paste (2e) is printed as a bonding material layer on the lower electrode (1a), and an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (N) and a p-type thermoelectric having a binder (2a) layer on the end face of the thermoelectric conversion material prepared in step A.
- the conversion materials (P) were alternately arranged and then dried for 30 minutes with a 120 ° C. dryer.
- the silver electrode (1) coated with the silver paste (2d) on the binder (2a) layer on the arrayed thermoelectric conversion material is replaced with an n-type thermoelectric conversion material (N) and a p-type thermoelectric conversion material (P) of ⁇ .
- thermoelectric conversion module It arrange
- the structure (6) was thermocompression bonded at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes with a load of 35 kN, and then heated in an electric furnace at 850 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a thermoelectric conversion module.
- thermoelectric conversion module 50 n-type thermoelectric conversion materials and 50 p-type thermoelectric conversion materials of 3.5 mm ⁇ 3.5 mm ⁇ 7.5 mm were prepared by the above-described method, and then placed on an alumina substrate by the above-described method.
- a thermoelectric conversion module was created.
- a power generation test was performed by bringing a plate heater at 500 ° C. into contact with one side of the module and a water-cooled plate with 20 ° C. cooling water flowing into the opposite side. The temperature on the high temperature side of the thermoelectric conversion material was 357 ° C., the temperature on the low temperature side was 92 ° C., and the temperature difference was 265 ° C. At this time, a maximum output of 0.6 W was observed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
BifCagM3 hCoiM4 jOk (2)
(式中、M3は、Na、K、Li、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sr、Ba、Al、Y及びランタノイドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素であり、M4は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Mo、W、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素である。fは0<f≦1.0、gは2.0≦g≦3.6、hは0≦h≦1.0、iは3.5≦i≦4.5、jは0≦j≦0.5、kは8.0≦k≦10.0である。)
で表わされる複合酸化物の板状結晶の焼結体であり、
密度が4.0~5.1g/cm3であり、
SEM観察したときに、熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である前記一般式(2)で表される複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合が個数換算で60%以上であり、
前記一般式(2)で表される複合酸化物の板状結晶の長径の平均長さが20μm以上であり、アスペクト比が20以上であること、
を特徴とする熱電変換材料を提供するものである。
BifCagM3 hCoiM4 jOk (2)
(式中、M3は、Na、K、Li、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sr、Ba、Al、Y及びランタノイドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素であり、M4は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Mo、W、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素である。fは0<f≦1.0、gは2.0≦g≦3.6、hは0≦h≦1.0、iは3.5≦i≦4.5、jは0≦j≦0.5、kは8.0≦k≦10.0である。)
で表わされる複合酸化物の板状結晶の焼結体であり、
密度が4.0~5.1g/cm3であり、
SEM観察したときに、熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である前記一般式(2)で表される複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合が個数換算で60%以上であり、
前記一般式(2)で表される複合酸化物の板状結晶の長径の平均長さが20μm以上であり、アスペクト比が20以上であること、
を特徴とする熱電変換材料である。
BifCagM3 hCoiM4 jOk (2)
で表される複合酸化物の板状結晶の焼結体である。
CaaM1 bCocM2 dOe (1)
(式中、M1は、Bi、Na、K、Li、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sr、Ba、Al、Y及びランタノイドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素であり、M2は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Mo、W、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素である。aは2.0≦a≦3.6、bは0<b≦1.0、cは2.0≦c≦4.5、dは0≦d≦2.0、eは8.0≦e≦10.0である。)
で表されるコバルト酸カルシウムの板状結晶と、ビスマス化合物と、カルシウム化合と、コバルト化合物と、を含有する原料スラリーを調製するスラリー調製工程と、
該原料スラリーをシート化して、一般式(1)で表されるコバルト酸カルシウムの板状結晶と、ビスマス化合物と、カルシウム化合物と、コバルト化合物と、を含有する原料シートを調製するシート化工程と、
該原料シートを積層して原料シート積層体を調製する積層工程と、
該原料シート積層体を焼成し、下記一般式(2):
BifCagM3 hCoiM4 jOk (2)
(式中、M3は、Na、K、Li、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sr、Ba、Al、Y及びランタノイドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素であり、M4は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Mo、W、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素である。fは0<f≦1.0、gは2.0≦g≦3.6、hは0≦h≦1.0、iは3.5≦i≦4.5、jは0≦j≦0.5、kは8.0≦k≦10.0である。)
で表わされる複合酸化物の板状結晶の焼結体である熱電変換材料を得る焼成工程と、
を有する熱電変換材料の製造方法である。
CaaM1 bCocM2 dOe (1)
で表されるコバルト酸カルシウムである。一般式(1)中、M1は、Bi、Na、K、Li、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sr、Ba、Al、Y及びランタノイドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素であり、M2は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Mo、W、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素である。M1は、電気伝導性を付与するために添加される元素であり、M1は、好ましくはBiである。M2は必要により、更に熱電特性を改良するために添加される元素である。M1に係るランタノイド元素としては、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Lu等が挙げられる。aは、2.0≦a≦3.6、好ましくは2.2≦a≦3.3である。bは、0<b≦1.0、好ましくは0.1≦b≦0.9である。cは、2.0≦c≦4.5、好ましくは2.2≦c≦4.3である。dは、0≦d≦2.0、好ましくは0.1≦d≦1.9である。eは、8.0≦e≦10.0、好ましくは8.5≦e≦9.5である。
Ca1-xA1 xMn1-yA2 yOz (3)
(式中、A1は、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Yb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Tb、Lu、Sr、Ba、Al、Bi、Y及びLaからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であり、A2はTa、Nb、W、V及びMoからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素である。式中、xは0≦x≦0.5、yは0≦y≦0.2、zは2.7≦z≦3.3である。)
(Ca1-sA3 s)Mn1-tA4 tOu (4)
(式中、A3は、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Yb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Tb、Lu、Sr、Ba、Al、Bi、Y及びLaからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であり、A4はTa、Nb、W、V及びMoからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素である。式中、sは0≦s≦0.5、tは0≦t≦0.2、uは3.6≦u≦4.4である。)。
<コバルト酸カルシウム>
炭酸カルシウム(平均粒径1.4μm)、酸化コバルト(Co3O4、平均粒径1.1μm)及び酸化ビスマス(Bi2O3、平均粒径2.5μm)をカルシウムとコバルトとビスマスの原子換算のモル比が、3.105:4:0.3となるように仕込み、ミキサーで混合した。次いで、ムライトコージライト製の匣鉢に充填して大気雰囲気下にて930℃で10時間焼成後、粉砕解砕を行い、200meshの篩で分級して、コバルト酸カルシウムを作製した。
得られた焼成体をXRDで分析した結果、X線回折的に単相のコバルト酸カルシウム(Bi0.30Ca3.105Co4O9)であることを確認した。
また、得られたコバルト酸カルシウムの諸物性を表1に示す。
上記で得たコバルト酸カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム(平均粒径1.4μm)、酸化コバルト(Co3O4、平均粒径1.1μm)、酸化ビスマス(Bi2O3、平均粒径2.5μm)を、表2に示す配合量で、容器に仕込んだ。
次いで、分散剤1質量%、エタノール2質量%を含む水溶液を、スラリー濃度が68.5質量%となるように容器に添加した。
次いで、ミキサーで十分撹拌後、バインダー樹脂としてアクリル酸系(AS-2000、東亞合成株式会社製)を、含有量が10質量%となるように添加し、更に十分撹拌して原料スラリーを調製した。
次いで、原料スラリーを、塗工厚250μmのアプリーケーターと自動塗工機を用いて、速度10mm/secで、ベースフィルム上に塗工し、次いで、60℃で30分乾燥して、ベースフィルム上に原料シートを作製した。次いで、ベースフィルムを剥がし、適当な大きさ(縦が約2cm、横が約2cm)に切り出し、焼結後の厚みが約3.5mmとなるように数枚重ね、次いで、100℃に昇温したプレス機を用いて4.9MPaで圧着し、原料シート積層体を調製した。
次いで、原料シート積層体を、300℃で15時間、脱脂した後、930℃で40時間、大気雰囲気で焼成し、熱電変換材料を得た。得られた熱電変換材料を、熱電特性評価装置で測定可能な大きさに切り出し、切り出した面を研磨機を用いて平面にし、p型熱電変換材料を調製した。
上記で得たコバルト酸カルシウムを用いて特開2006-49796号公報の実施例1記載に基づいて加圧焼結法によりp型熱電変換材料を調製した。
なお。ホットプレス焼結は、10MPaの一軸加圧下に1123Kで20時間行った。
実施例、比較例及び参考例で得られた熱電変換材料について、密度を測定した。また、X線回折分析及びICP分析により熱電変換材料に含有される複合酸化物を確認した。その結果を表3に示す。
また、実施例1及び比較例1の熱電変換材料を手で2つに切断し、実施例1及び比較例1の熱電変換材料の切り口の断面のSEM写真を、図5及び図6にそれぞれ示した。
長径の平均長さ、短径の平均長さ及びアスペクト比は、p型熱電変換材料を手で2つに切断し、その切り口の断面を1000倍の倍率でSEM観察し、その視野で任意に抽出した断面中の10個の粒子についての平均値である。
p型熱電変換材料を手で2つに切断し、その切り口の断面を1000倍の倍率でSEM観察し、熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合を求めた。
表中の記号は下記のことを示す。
◎:熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合が80%以上
○:熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合が60%以上80%未満
△:熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合が40%以上60%未満
×:熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合が40%未満
実施例、比較例及び参考例で得られたp型熱電変換材料について、熱電特性評価装置(ZEM-3 アルバック理工社)を用いて、大気雰囲気下で800℃における比抵抗値、熱起電力を測定し、更にパワーファクターを算出した。
なお、パワーファクターは、下記計算式(1)から求められ、このパワーファクターは熱電変換材料から取り出せる電力を示す指標であり、この値が大きいほど出力が高いことであることを示す。
パワーファクター(P.F.)=S2/ρ (1)
(S:熱起電力、ρ:比抵抗値)
<n型熱電変換材料の作成>
炭酸カルシウム及び酸化マンガンを、カルシウムとマンガンのモル比が1.0:1.0となるように秤量しタンクに仕込んだ。タンクに水と分散剤(ポリカルボン酸アンモニウム塩)を加え、スラリー濃度が30質量%のスラリーを調製した。分散剤の濃度は2質量%であった。スラリーを攪拌しながら、直径0.5mmのジルコニアビーズを仕込んだメディア攪拌型ビーズミルに供給し、90分間混合して湿式粉砕を行った。次いで、200℃に設定したスプレードライヤーに、3L/hの供給速度でスラリーを供給し、乾燥原料を得た。乾燥原料を電気炉に仕込み、大気下に850℃にて5時間静置状態で焼成した。焼成品についてX線回折測定を行い、CaMnO3の単相が得られていることを確認した。焼成品を金型に仕込み、2t/cm2の圧力で加圧して成形体を作成した。成形体を電気炉に仕込み、1250℃で12時間加熱処理をし、n型熱電変換材料とした。
n型熱電変換材料(N)及び実施例1で作成したp型熱電変換材料(P)の端面に銀ペ
ーストをスクリーン印刷し、120℃の乾燥機で15分乾燥し、次いで、850℃の電気炉で1時間加熱して、熱電変換材料端面に結合剤(2a)層を形成した。
アルミナ基板(4)に所定のパターンで銀ペーストを印刷し、120℃の乾燥機で15分乾燥し、次いで、850℃の電気炉で1時間加熱し、結合剤(2b)層を形成した。結合剤(2b)層上に、更に銀ペースト(2c)を印刷し、銀電極(1a)を配置してから120℃の乾燥機で30分乾燥した。銀電極(1a)を配置した構造体(5)を200℃で15分、35kNの荷重で加熱圧着して下部電極基板(5)とした。
下部電極(1a)上に接合材料層として銀ペースト(2e)を印刷し、A工程で作成した熱電変換材料端面に結合剤(2a)層を有するn型熱電変換材料(N)とp型熱電変換材料(P)を交互に配置してから120℃の乾燥機で30分乾燥した。配列した熱電変換材料上の結合剤(2a)層上に、銀ペースト(2d)を塗布した銀電極(1)を、n型熱電変換材料(N)とp型熱電変換材料(P)がπの字状に直列に接続するように配置し、120℃の乾燥機で30分乾燥し構造体(6)を得た。次に構造体(6)を、200℃で15分間、35kNの荷重で加熱圧着し、次いで、850℃の電気炉で1時間加熱して熱電変換モジュールを作成した。
上記した方法で3.5mm×3.5mm×7.5mmのn型熱電変換材料50個およびp型熱電変換材料50個を調製し、次いで上記した方法でアルミナ基板上に配置して42mm角の熱電変換モジュールを作成した。モジュールの片面に500℃のプレートヒーターを接触させ、反対側の面に20℃の冷却水を流した水冷プレートを接触させて発電試験を行った。熱電変換材料の高温側の温度は357℃、低温側の温度は92℃となり、温度差は265℃であった。この時、0.6Wの最大出力が観測された。
Claims (5)
- 下記一般式(2):
BifCagM3 hCoiM4 jOk (2)
(式中、M3は、Na、K、Li、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Sr、Ba、Al、Y及びランタノイドからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素であり、M4は、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Mo、W、Nb及びTaからなる群から選択される一種又は二種以上の元素である。fは0<f≦1.0、gは2.0≦g≦3.6、hは0≦h≦1.0、iは3.5≦i≦4.5、jは0≦j≦0.5、kは8.0≦k≦10.0である。)
で表わされる複合酸化物の板状結晶の焼結体であり、
密度が4.0~5.1g/cm3であり、
SEM観察したときに、熱電変換材料の表面に対する長軸方向の傾きが0±20°以内である前記一般式(2)で表される複合酸化物の板状結晶の割合が個数換算で60%以上であり、
前記一般式(2)で表される複合酸化物の板状結晶の長径の平均長さが20μm以上であり、アスペクト比が20以上であること、
を特徴とする熱電変換材料。 - 前記一般式(2)中、fは0<f≦1.0、gは3.0<g≦3.3、hは0≦h≦1.0、iは3.5≦i≦4.5、jは0≦j≦0.5、kは8.0≦k≦10.0であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の熱電変換材料。
- p型熱電変換材料とn型熱電変換材料とを有する熱電変換素子であって、該p型熱電変換材料が請求項1又は2いずれか1項記載の熱電変換材料であることを特徴とする熱電変換素子。
- 前記n型熱電変換材料が、下記一般式(3)で表されるカルシウムマンガン系複合酸化物及び下記一般式(4)で表されるカルシウムマンガン系複合酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項3記載の熱電変換素子。
一般式(3):
Ca1-xA1 xMn1-yA2 yOz (3)
(式中、A1は、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Yb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Tb、Lu、Sr、Ba、Al、Bi、Y及びLaからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であり、A2はTa、Nb、W、V及びMoからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素である。式中、xは0≦x≦0.5、yは0≦y≦0.2、zは2.7≦z≦3.3である。)
一般式(4):
(Ca1-sA3 s)Mn1-tA4 tOu (4)
(式中、A3は、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Yb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Tb、Lu、Sr、Ba、Al、Bi、Y及びLaからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であり、A4はTa、Nb、W、V及びMoからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素である。式中、sは0≦s≦0.5、tは0≦t≦0.2、uは3.6≦u≦4.4である。) - 請求項3又は4いずれか1項記載の熱電変換素子を有することを特徴とする熱電変換モジュール。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2979188A CA2979188A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-03-15 | Thermoelectric conversion material, thermoelectric conversion element and thermoelectric conversion module |
US15/558,315 US10224473B2 (en) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-03-15 | Thermoelectric conversion material, thermoelectric conversion element and thermoelectric conversion module |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015054774 | 2015-03-18 | ||
JP2015-054774 | 2015-03-18 | ||
JP2016044066A JP6050906B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-03-08 | 熱電変換材料、熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール |
JP2016-044066 | 2016-03-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016148117A1 true WO2016148117A1 (ja) | 2016-09-22 |
Family
ID=56918828
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/058057 WO2016148117A1 (ja) | 2015-03-18 | 2016-03-15 | 熱電変換材料、熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
WO (1) | WO2016148117A1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003179272A (ja) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-27 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 熱電変換材料及びその使用方法 |
JP2003246678A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 複合酸化物焼結体の製造方法 |
JP2004363576A (ja) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-12-24 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 熱電材料 |
JP2009188319A (ja) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-20 | Swcc Showa Cable Systems Co Ltd | 熱電変換素子の製造方法 |
JP2011129838A (ja) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-30 | Fujitsu Ltd | 熱電変換モジュール及びその製造方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-03-15 WO PCT/JP2016/058057 patent/WO2016148117A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003179272A (ja) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-27 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 熱電変換材料及びその使用方法 |
JP2003246678A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-02 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology | 複合酸化物焼結体の製造方法 |
JP2004363576A (ja) * | 2003-05-15 | 2004-12-24 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 熱電材料 |
JP2009188319A (ja) * | 2008-02-08 | 2009-08-20 | Swcc Showa Cable Systems Co Ltd | 熱電変換素子の製造方法 |
JP2011129838A (ja) * | 2009-12-21 | 2011-06-30 | Fujitsu Ltd | 熱電変換モジュール及びその製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
JONG WON PARK ET AL.: "Thermoelectric properties of highly oriented Ca2.7Bi0.3Co4O9 fabricated by rolling process", JOURNAL OF THE CERAMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN, vol. 117, no. 5, 2009, pages 643 - 646, XP055311667 * |
ZHAO LI-MIN ET AL.: "Effect of Bi Doping on the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of Ca3-xBixCo4O9 Oxides", JOURNAL OF SYNTHETIC CRYSTALS, vol. 39, no. 2, 2010, pages 470 - 473,480 * |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4446064B2 (ja) | 熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール | |
Kim et al. | Thermoelectric properties of La3+ and Ce3+ co-doped CaMnO3 prepared by tape casting | |
JP5035561B2 (ja) | n型熱電特性を有する酸化物焼結体 | |
EP1672709B1 (en) | Conductive paste for connecting thermoelectric conversion material | |
US20120145214A1 (en) | Thermoelectric conversion material, and thermoelectric conversion module using same | |
JP5252474B2 (ja) | n型熱電特性を有する酸化物複合体 | |
JP5250762B2 (ja) | 熱電変換素子、熱電変換モジュール、及び製造方法 | |
JP2010225705A (ja) | 積層型圧電素子及びその製造方法 | |
JP6050906B2 (ja) | 熱電変換材料、熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール | |
JP3867134B2 (ja) | 複合酸化物焼結体の製造方法 | |
WO2016148117A1 (ja) | 熱電変換材料、熱電変換素子及び熱電変換モジュール | |
JP4876721B2 (ja) | 熱電変換材料およびその製造方法 | |
JP6044972B2 (ja) | 熱電変換材料の製造方法及び熱電変換材料 | |
JP6567845B2 (ja) | 熱電変換材料の製造方法 | |
JP5218285B2 (ja) | 熱電変換材料 | |
WO2008038519A1 (fr) | Élément de conversion thermoélectrique, module de conversion thermoélectrique et procédé de production d'élément de conversion thermoélectrique | |
WO2007108147A1 (ja) | 熱電半導体、熱電変換素子および熱電変換モジュール | |
JP2001019544A (ja) | 熱電変換材料及び複合酸化物焼結体の製造方法 | |
JP5506186B2 (ja) | 固体酸化物形燃料電池の製造方法 | |
JP6562623B2 (ja) | 固体酸化物型燃料電池用混合空気極材料、及び、固体酸化物型燃料電池 | |
JP4214757B2 (ja) | 熱電変換材料及びその製造方法 | |
KR101874391B1 (ko) | CaMnO₃계 열전재료 및 이의 제조 방법 | |
JP3903172B2 (ja) | 金属酸化物焼結体の製造方法 | |
JP4595071B2 (ja) | 熱電変換素子、熱電変換モジュール及び熱電変換方法 | |
JP2022144073A (ja) | 熱電変換層を有する積層体とその製造方法、及び発電モジュール |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16764947 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2979188 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15558315 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 16764947 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |