WO2016143582A1 - Pare-brise - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2016143582A1
WO2016143582A1 PCT/JP2016/056075 JP2016056075W WO2016143582A1 WO 2016143582 A1 WO2016143582 A1 WO 2016143582A1 JP 2016056075 W JP2016056075 W JP 2016056075W WO 2016143582 A1 WO2016143582 A1 WO 2016143582A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass plate
correction member
windshield
distortion
thickness
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/056075
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
橘高　重雄
永史 小川
神吉　哲
Original Assignee
日本板硝子株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2015133155A external-priority patent/JP2016168996A/ja
Application filed by 日本板硝子株式会社 filed Critical 日本板硝子株式会社
Publication of WO2016143582A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016143582A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R11/00—Arrangements for holding or mounting articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B60R11/04—Mounting of cameras operative during drive; Arrangement of controls thereof relative to the vehicle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a windshield.
  • an in-vehicle system in which a camera for photographing the situation outside the vehicle is installed in the vehicle.
  • This in-vehicle system recognizes oncoming vehicles, preceding vehicles, pedestrians, traffic signs, lane boundaries, etc. by analyzing the captured image of the subject acquired by the camera through the windshield, and informs the driver of the danger, etc.
  • Various driving assistance can be provided.
  • a shielding layer for blocking the field of view from the outside of the vehicle is provided on the peripheral portion of the glass plate such as the windshield of the automobile.
  • the camera of this in-vehicle system is often installed at a position where the shielding layer is included in the shooting range of the camera, such as the vicinity of the support portion of the rearview mirror. Therefore, there is a possibility that this shielding layer hinders shooting by the camera.
  • an imaging device installed in the vehicle captures a situation outside the vehicle by receiving the light beam that has passed through the glass plate without being reflected inside the glass plate.
  • the windshield as described above is generally curved and installed on the vehicle body in an inclined state. For this reason, the present inventors have found that a photographed image acquired by the photographing apparatus from light passing through such a windshield is distorted.
  • the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problem, and includes a windshield that can prevent distortion in a photographed image photographed through a glass plate that is curved and arranged in an inclined state.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • the invention of the aspect hung up below is provided.
  • Item 1 A windshield used in a vehicle in which a photographing device can be placed, A curved glass plate, A region through which light passes through a part of the glass plate and enters the imaging device; With The imaging device acquires an image formed by light incident through the passage area; The windshield is configured so that distortion of an image acquired by the photographing apparatus is reduced in the passing area.
  • the passage area is constituted by the glass plate, Item 2.
  • Item 3 A plate-shaped and transparent first correction member disposed so as to face the inner surface of the glass plate; A first adhesive that fills a gap between the glass plate and the first correction member and fixes the first correction member to the glass plate; Further comprising The passage region is formed across the glass plate, the first adhesive, and the first correction member, The first correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior, The second surface includes a concave surface formed in an arc shape with a constant curvature radius of the longitudinal section, The configuration is such that the center of curvature of the second surface of the first correction member does not exist on a line connecting the center of the surface of the glass plate outside the vehicle in the passage region and the center of curvature of the surface.
  • Item 4 A plate-shaped and transparent second correction member disposed so as to face the inner surface of the glass plate via an air layer; The passage region is formed across the glass plate and the second correction member, The second correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior, Item 2.
  • Item 5 A plate-shaped and transparent third correction member disposed so as to oppose the inner surface of the glass plate; A second adhesive that fills a gap between the glass plate and the third correction member and fixes the third correction member to the glass plate; Further comprising A passage region for light incident on the imaging device is formed across the glass plate, the second adhesive, and the third correction member,
  • the third correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior, Item 2.
  • Item 6. The windshield according to Item 5, wherein in the third correction member, the first surface and the second surface are formed in parallel.
  • Item 7 A through hole is formed in the glass plate, A plate-shaped and transparent fourth correction member disposed in the through hole of the glass plate, The passage region is formed by the fourth correction member, The fourth correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior, Item 2.
  • the glass plate is made of laminated glass,
  • the laminated glass includes an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate arranged to face the outer glass plate, and an intermediate film sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate, In the inner glass plate and the intermediate film, through holes are respectively formed in the passage regions through which light incident on the photographing apparatus passes, Item 2.
  • Item 9 The windshield according to any one of Items 1 to 8, wherein the imaging device is a stereo camera having a plurality of imaging devices spaced apart from each other in order to acquire a plurality of images with parallax.
  • the imaging device is a stereo camera having a plurality of imaging devices spaced apart from each other in order to acquire a plurality of images with parallax.
  • the “away direction” is a downward direction along the glass plate.
  • the “direction to leave” refers to an upward direction along the glass plate.
  • a windshield used in a vehicle in which a photographing device can be placed A curved glass plate, A plate-shaped and transparent first correction member disposed so as to face the inner surface of the glass plate; A first adhesive that fills a gap between the glass plate and the first correction member and fixes the first correction member to the glass plate; With A passage region for light incident on the imaging device is formed across the glass plate, the first adhesive, and the first correction member,
  • the first correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior,
  • the second surface includes a concave surface formed in an arc shape with a constant curvature radius of the longitudinal section,
  • the window is configured such that the center of curvature of the second surface of the first correction member does not exist on a line connecting the center of the outer surface of the glass plate in the passage region and the center of curvature of the surface. shield.
  • a windshield used in a vehicle in which a photographing device can be placed A curved glass plate, A plate-like and transparent second correction member disposed so as to face the inner surface of the glass plate via an air layer; With A passage region for light incident on the imaging device is formed across the glass plate and the second correction member, The second correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior, The windshield, wherein the second correction member is formed so that the thickness increases in a tapered shape as it goes away from the imaging device at least in the passage region.
  • Item 4 A windshield used in a vehicle in which a photographing device can be placed, A curved glass plate, A plate-shaped and transparent third correction member disposed so as to oppose the inner surface of the glass plate; A second adhesive that fills a gap between the glass plate and the third correction member and fixes the third correction member to the glass plate; With A passage region for light incident on the imaging device is formed across the glass plate, the second adhesive, and the third correction member, The third correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior, The windshield, wherein the second surface of the third correction member is a flat surface.
  • Item 5 The windshield according to Item 5, wherein in the third correction member, the first surface and the second surface are formed in parallel.
  • a windshield used in a vehicle in which a photographing device can be placed A curved glass plate with through-holes formed; A plate-shaped and transparent fourth correction member disposed in the through hole of the glass plate; With The fourth correction member disposed in the through hole of the glass plate forms a passage region for light incident on the imaging device, The fourth correction member includes a first surface facing the glass plate, and a second surface facing the vehicle interior, A windshield in which a first surface and a second surface of the fourth correction member are substantially parallel.
  • the laminated glass includes an outer glass plate, an inner glass plate arranged to face the outer glass plate, and an intermediate film sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate, In the inner glass plate and the intermediate film, through holes are respectively formed in the passage regions through which light incident on the photographing apparatus passes,
  • the passage region is a windshield constituted by the outer glass plate.
  • distortion can be prevented from occurring in a photographed image photographed through a glass plate that is curved and arranged in an inclined state.
  • FIG. It is a top view which shows one Embodiment of the windshield which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of FIG. It is sectional drawing of a laminated glass. It is a schematic plan view which shows the measurement position of the thickness of a laminated glass. It is an example of the image used for the measurement of an intermediate film. It is a block diagram of the vehicle-mounted system arrange
  • the windshield according to each embodiment includes a common glass plate and a shielding layer, and a photographing device is disposed on the vehicle interior side.
  • a photographing device is disposed on the vehicle interior side.
  • an in-vehicle system including a glass plate, a shielding layer, and an imaging device, and a method for manufacturing a windshield, which are generally common to the respective embodiments, will be described, and then a unique configuration of each embodiment will be described.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the windshield
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
  • the vertical direction in FIG. 1 is referred to as “up and down”, “vertical”, and “vertical”, and the horizontal direction in FIG. 1 is referred to as “left and right”.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a windshield viewed from the inside of the vehicle. That is, the back side of the sheet of FIG. 1 is the outside of the vehicle, and the front side of the sheet of FIG. 1 is the inside of the vehicle.
  • This windshield is provided with a substantially rectangular glass plate 10 and is installed on the vehicle body in an inclined state.
  • the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10 facing the inside of the vehicle is provided with a shielding layer 110 that shields the field of view from the outside of the vehicle, and the photographing device 2 is arranged so as not to be seen from the outside of the vehicle by the shielding layer 110.
  • the photographing device 2 is a camera for photographing a situation outside the vehicle.
  • the shielding layer 110 is provided with a photographing window at a position corresponding to the photographing device 2, and a situation outside the vehicle can be photographed by the photographing device 2 disposed inside the vehicle.
  • an image processing device 3 is connected to the photographing device 2, and a photographed image acquired by the photographing device 2 is processed by the image processing device 3.
  • the imaging device 2 and the image processing device 3 constitute an in-vehicle system 5, and the in-vehicle system 5 can provide various information to the passenger according to the processing of the image processing device 3.
  • each component will be described.
  • the glass plate 10 can have various configurations.
  • the glass plate 10 can be composed of laminated glass having a plurality of glass plates, or can be composed of a single glass plate. In the case of using laminated glass, for example, it can be configured as shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the laminated glass.
  • the laminated glass 10 includes an outer glass plate 11 and an inner glass plate 12, and a resin intermediate film 13 is disposed between the glass plates 11 and 12.
  • the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 will be described.
  • known glass plates can be used, and they can be formed of heat ray absorbing glass, general clear glass, green glass, or UV green glass.
  • these glass plates 11 and 12 need to realize visible light transmittance in accordance with the safety standards of the country where the automobile is used. For example, the required solar radiation absorption rate can be ensured by the outer glass plate 11, and the visible light transmittance can be adjusted by the inner glass plate 12 so as to satisfy safety standards.
  • clear glass, heat ray absorption glass, and soda-lime-type glass is shown.
  • the composition of the heat-absorbing glass for example, based on the composition of the clear glass, the proportion of the total iron oxide in terms of Fe 2 O 3 (T-Fe 2 O 3) and 0.4 to 1.3 wt%, CeO
  • the ratio of 2 is 0 to 2% by mass
  • the ratio of TiO 2 is 0 to 0.5% by mass
  • the glass skeleton components (mainly SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 ) are T-Fe 2 O 3 , CeO.
  • the composition can be reduced by an increase of 2 and TiO 2 .
  • the thickness of the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of weight reduction, the total thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 is preferably 2.4 to 3.8 mm. The thickness is more preferably 2.6 to 3.4 mm, and particularly preferably 2.7 to 3.2 mm. Thus, since it is necessary to reduce the total thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 for weight reduction, the thickness of each glass plate is not particularly limited, For example, the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 can be determined as follows.
  • the outer glass plate 11 mainly needs durability and impact resistance against external obstacles. For example, when this laminated glass is used as a windshield of an automobile, the outer glass plate 11 has impact resistance performance against flying objects such as pebbles. is necessary. On the other hand, as the thickness is larger, the weight increases, which is not preferable. In this respect, the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 is preferably 1.8 to 2.3 mm, and more preferably 1.9 to 2.1 mm. Which thickness is adopted can be determined according to the application of the glass.
  • the thickness of the inner glass plate 12 can be made equal to that of the outer glass plate 11, but for example, the thickness can be made smaller than that of the outer glass plate 11 in order to reduce the weight of the laminated glass. Specifically, considering the strength of the glass, it is preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.6 mm, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.4 mm. preferable. Further, it is preferably 0.8 to 1.3 mm. Which thickness is used for the inner glass plate 12 can be determined according to the purpose of the glass.
  • the shape of the outer side glass plate 11 and the inner side glass plate 12 which concerns on this embodiment has comprised the curved shape.
  • a method for measuring the thickness of the glass plate (laminated glass) 1 will be described. First, about a measurement position, as shown in FIG. 4, it is two places up and down on the center line S extended in the up-down direction at the center of the left-right direction of a glass plate.
  • the measuring instrument is not particularly limited, and for example, a thickness gauge such as SM-112 manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd. can be used. At the time of measurement, it is arranged so that the curved surface of the glass plate is placed on a flat surface, and the end of the glass plate is sandwiched by the thickness gauge and measured.
  • the intermediate film 13 is formed of at least one layer.
  • the intermediate film 13 can be configured by three layers in which a soft core layer 131 is sandwiched between harder outer layers 132.
  • it is not limited to this configuration, and may be formed of a plurality of layers including the core layer 131 and at least one outer layer 132 disposed on the outer glass plate 11 side.
  • two layers of the intermediate film 13 including the core layer 131 and one outer layer 132 disposed on the outer glass plate 11 side, or two or more outer layers 132 are disposed on both sides around the core layer 131.
  • the intermediate film 13 or the intermediate film 13 in which one outer layer 132 is disposed on one side and two or more outer layers 132 are disposed on the other side with the core layer 131 in between may be used.
  • the outer layer 132 is provided on the outer glass plate 11 side as described above, but this is to improve the resistance to breakage against an external force from outside the vehicle or outside. Further, when the number of outer layers 132 is large, the sound insulation performance is also enhanced.
  • the hardness thereof is not particularly limited.
  • the material which comprises each layer 131,132 is not specifically limited, For example, a material can be selected on the basis of a Young's modulus. Specifically, it is preferably 1 to 20 MPa, more preferably 1 to 18 MPa, and particularly preferably 1 to 14 MPa at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees. With such a range, it is possible to prevent the STL from decreasing in a low frequency range of approximately 3500 Hz or less.
  • the Young's modulus of the outer layer 132 is preferably large in order to improve the sound insulation performance in the high frequency region, as will be described later, 560 MPa or more, 600 MPa or more, 650 MPa or more, 700 MPa or more at a frequency of 100 Hz and a temperature of 20 degrees. It can be set to 750 MPa or more, 880 MPa or more, or 1300 MPa or more.
  • the upper limit of the Young's modulus of the outer layer 132 is not particularly limited, but can be set from the viewpoint of workability, for example. For example, it is empirically known that when it becomes 1750 MPa or more, workability, particularly cutting becomes difficult.
  • the outer layer 132 can be made of, for example, polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB).
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral resin
  • the core layer 131 can be made of, for example, an ethylene vinyl acetate resin (EVA) or a polyvinyl acetal resin that is softer than the polyvinyl butyral resin constituting the outer layer.
  • the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin is controlled by (a) the degree of polymerization of the starting polyvinyl alcohol, (b) the degree of acetalization, (c) the type of plasticizer, (d) the addition ratio of the plasticizer, etc. Can do. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting at least one selected from these conditions, a hard polyvinyl butyral resin used for the outer layer 132 and a soft polyvinyl butyral resin used for the core layer 131 even if the same polyvinyl butyral resin is used. Can be made separately.
  • the hardness of the polyvinyl acetal resin can also be controlled by the type of aldehyde used for acetalization, coacetalization with a plurality of aldehydes, or pure acetalization with a single aldehyde. Although it cannot generally be said, the polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by using an aldehyde having a large number of carbon atoms tends to be softer.
  • the core layer 131 has an aldehyde having 5 or more carbon atoms (for example, n-hexylaldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-heptylaldehyde, n-octylaldehyde) and a polyvinyl acetal resin obtained by acetalization with polyvinyl alcohol can be used.
  • a predetermined Young's modulus it is not limited to the said resin.
  • the total thickness of the intermediate film 13 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferred.
  • the thickness of the core layer 131 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 0.6 mm.
  • the thickness of each outer layer 132 is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm.
  • the total thickness of the intermediate film 13 can be made constant, and the thickness of the core layer 131 can be adjusted therein.
  • the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 can be measured as follows, for example. First, the cross section of the laminated glass is enlarged and displayed by 175 times using a microscope (for example, VH-5500 manufactured by Keyence Corporation). And the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 is specified visually, and this is measured. At this time, in order to eliminate visual variation, the number of measurements is set to 5 times, and the average value is defined as the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132. For example, an enlarged photograph of a laminated glass as shown in FIG. 5 is taken, and the core layer and the outer layer 132 are specified in this and the thickness is measured.
  • the thickness of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 of the intermediate film 13 does not have to be constant over the entire surface.
  • the whole or a part thereof can be wedge-shaped.
  • the thicknesses of the core layer 131 and the outer layer 132 of the intermediate film 13 also have partially different values, but the “thickness” of each layer in the above-described intermediate film 13 is the portion with the smallest thickness.
  • the arrangement of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate when the intermediate film 13 using the core layer 131 or the outer layer 132 whose thickness is increased at a change rate of 3 mm or less per 1 m is used. including.
  • the method for producing the intermediate film 13 is not particularly limited.
  • the resin component such as the polyvinyl acetal resin described above, a plasticizer, and other additives as necessary are blended and kneaded uniformly, and then each layer is collectively And a method of laminating two or more resin films prepared by this method by a pressing method, a laminating method or the like.
  • the resin film before lamination used in a method of laminating by a press method, a laminating method or the like may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure.
  • the intermediate film 13 can be formed of a single layer in addition to the above-described plural layers.
  • the windshield according to the present embodiment is used for a vehicle front safety system using a measurement unit such as a laser radar or a camera.
  • a measurement unit such as a laser radar or a camera.
  • the vehicle ahead is irradiated with infrared rays to measure the speed and distance between the vehicles ahead. Therefore, the laminated glass (or one glass plate) is required to achieve a predetermined range of infrared transmittance.
  • transmittance for example, when a general sensor is used for laser radar, it is 20% or more and 80% or less, and at least 20% or more and 60% or less with respect to light (infrared rays) having a wavelength of 850 to 950 nm. It is said that it is useful.
  • the measuring method of the transmittance can be UV3100 (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) as a measuring device according to JIS R3106. Specifically, the transmission of light in one direction irradiated at an angle of 90 degrees with respect to the surface of the laminated glass is measured.
  • the shielding layer 110 is laminated on the inner surface 130 inside the vehicle and is formed along the peripheral edge of the glass plate 10.
  • the shielding layer 110 protrudes in a rectangular shape downward from the peripheral region 111 along the peripheral portion of the glass plate 10 and the upper side portion of the glass plate 10.
  • the protruding region 112 can be divided.
  • the peripheral region 111 shields light incident from the peripheral portion of the windshield 1.
  • the protruding region 112 prevents the photographing device 2 disposed in the vehicle from being seen from outside the vehicle.
  • a rectangular imaging window 113 is provided in a position corresponding to the imaging device 2 in the protruding region 112 of the shielding layer 110 so that the imaging device 2 can be outside the vehicle.
  • the photographing window 113 is an area where the material of the shielding layer 110 is not laminated, and is configured to have a visible light transmittance that allows the photographing apparatus 2 to photograph a situation outside the vehicle.
  • the imaging window 113 is configured so that the visible light transmittance is 70% or more.
  • permeability can be measured by the spectroscopic measurement method prescribed
  • the imaging window 113 is provided in the protruding area 112. That is, the imaging window 113 is provided independently from the non-shielding region 120 on the inner side in the plane direction than the shielding layer 110.
  • the non-shielding region 120 is a region where the material of the shielding layer 110 is not laminated, like the imaging window 113.
  • the driver and a companion sitting in the passenger seat confirm the traffic conditions outside the vehicle through the non-shielding area 120. Therefore, the non-shielding region 120 is configured to have a visible light transmittance so that at least the traffic situation outside the vehicle can be visually observed.
  • the material of the shielding layer 110 may be appropriately selected according to the embodiment as long as the field of view from the outside of the vehicle can be shielded.
  • dark ceramics such as black, brown, gray, and dark blue are used. Also good.
  • the shielding layer 110 When black ceramic is selected as the material of the shielding layer 110, black ceramic is laminated on the peripheral portion on the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10 by screen printing or the like, and the ceramic laminated with the glass plate 10 is heated. Thereby, the shielding layer 110 can be formed on the peripheral edge of the glass plate 10. Moreover, when printing black ceramic, the area
  • Main component Copper oxide, Chromium oxide, Iron oxide and Manganese oxide * 2
  • Main component Bismuth borosilicate, Zinc borosilicate
  • FIG. 6 illustrates the configuration of the in-vehicle system 5.
  • the in-vehicle system 5 according to the present embodiment includes the imaging device 2 and an image processing device 3 connected to the imaging device 2.
  • the image processing device 3 is a device that processes the captured image acquired by the imaging device 2.
  • the image processing apparatus 3 includes, for example, general hardware such as a storage unit 31, a control unit 32, and an input / output unit 33 connected by a bus as a hardware configuration.
  • general hardware such as a storage unit 31, a control unit 32, and an input / output unit 33 connected by a bus as a hardware configuration.
  • the hardware configuration of the image processing apparatus 3 does not have to be limited to such an example, and the specific hardware configuration of the image processing apparatus 3 is appropriately added or omitted according to the embodiment. And additions are possible.
  • the storage unit 31 stores various data and programs used in processing executed by the control unit 32 (not shown).
  • the storage unit 31 may be realized, for example, by a hard disk or a recording medium such as a USB memory.
  • the various data and programs stored in the storage unit 31 may be acquired from a recording medium such as a CD (Compact Disc) or a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).
  • the storage unit 31 may be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.
  • the glass plate 10 is disposed in an inclined posture with respect to the vertical direction and is curved.
  • the imaging device 2 images the situation outside the vehicle through such a glass plate 10. Therefore, the captured image acquired by the imaging device 2 is deformed according to the posture, shape, refractive index, optical defect, and the like of the glass plate 10.
  • the storage unit 31 may store correction data for correcting an image deformed due to the aberration of the glass plate 10 and the camera lens.
  • the control unit 32 includes one or more processors such as a microprocessor or a CPU (Central Processing Unit), and peripheral circuits (ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), an interface circuit) used for processing of the processor. Etc.). ROM, RAM, and the like may be referred to as a main storage device in the sense that they are arranged in an address space handled by the processor in the control unit 32.
  • the control unit 32 functions as the image processing unit 321 by executing various data and programs stored in the storage unit 31.
  • the image processing unit 321 processes the captured image acquired by the imaging device 2.
  • the processing of the captured image can be selected as appropriate according to the embodiment.
  • the image processing unit 321 may recognize the subject appearing in the captured image by analyzing the captured image by pattern matching or the like.
  • the window glass 1 is a windshield, and the imaging device 2 captures the situation in front of the vehicle. Therefore, the image processing unit 321 may further determine whether or not a living creature such as a human is captured in front of the vehicle based on the subject recognition.
  • the image processing unit 321 may output a warning message by a predetermined method. Further, for example, the image processing unit 321 may perform a predetermined processing on the captured image. Then, the image processing unit 321 may output the processed photographed image to a display device (not shown) such as a display connected to the image processing device 3.
  • the input / output unit 33 is one or a plurality of interfaces for transmitting / receiving data to / from an apparatus existing outside the image processing apparatus 3.
  • the input / output unit 33 is, for example, an interface for connecting to a user interface or an interface such as USB (Universal Serial Bus).
  • the image processing apparatus 3 is connected to the photographing apparatus 2 via the input / output unit 33 and acquires a photographed image photographed by the photographing apparatus 2.
  • Such an image processing device 3 may be a general-purpose device such as a PC (Personal Computer) or a tablet terminal in addition to a device designed exclusively for the service to be provided.
  • PC Personal Computer
  • tablet terminal in addition to a device designed exclusively for the service to be provided.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a molding process of the glass plate 10 of the windshield 1 according to the present embodiment.
  • the manufacturing method of the windshield 1 demonstrated below is only an example, and each step may be changed as much as possible. Further, in the manufacturing process described below, steps can be omitted, replaced, and added as appropriate according to the embodiment.
  • the heating furnace 80 and the molding device 82 are arranged in this order from upstream to downstream.
  • the roller conveyor 81 is arrange
  • the glass plate 10 used as a process target is conveyed by this roller conveyor 81.
  • the glass plate 10 is formed in a flat plate shape, and is carried into the heating furnace 80 after the shielding layer 11 is laminated on the inner surface 130.
  • the heating furnace 80 can have various configurations, but can be, for example, an electric heating furnace.
  • the heating furnace 80 includes a rectangular tube-shaped furnace main body that is open at the upstream and downstream ends, and a roller conveyor 81 is disposed in the interior from upstream to downstream.
  • Heaters (not shown) are arranged on the upper surface, the lower surface, and the pair of side surfaces of the inner wall surface of the furnace body, respectively, and the temperature at which the glass plate 10 passing through the heating furnace 80 can be formed, for example, the softening point of glass. Heat to near.
  • the molding apparatus 82 is configured to press the glass plate 10 with an upper mold 821 and a lower mold 822 and mold the glass sheet 10 into a predetermined shape.
  • the upper mold 821 has a curved surface that protrudes downward so as to cover the entire upper surface of the glass plate 10, and is configured to be movable up and down.
  • the lower mold 822 is formed in a frame shape corresponding to the peripheral edge of the glass plate 10, and the upper surface thereof has a curved surface shape corresponding to the upper mold 821. With this configuration, the glass plate 10 is press-formed between the upper die 821 and the lower die 822, and is formed into a final curved shape.
  • a roller conveyor 81 is disposed in the frame of the lower mold 822, and the roller conveyor 81 can be moved up and down so as to pass through the frame of the lower mold 822. And although illustration is abbreviate
  • the heating furnace 80 is heated at about 650 degrees.
  • the ceramic that is the material of the shielding layer 110 is a dark color such as black, the amount of heat absorbed is smaller than that of the area where the ceramic is not laminated, for example, the area of the imaging window 113 and the non-shielding area 120. Become more.
  • the ceramic which forms the shielding layer 110 has a different thermal expansion coefficient from the glass plate 10, in the area
  • the size of the photographing window may be set in consideration of the width of the distortion region. For example, assuming that the width of the distortion region is 8 mm, a range obtained by enlarging the periphery of the passage region by 8 mm in all directions is set as the minimum size of the imaging window 113. Thus, the size of the photographing window 113 can be formed relatively small while avoiding the influence of distortion on the photographing device 2.
  • the roller conveyor 81 as described above is a known one, and a plurality of rollers 811 whose both ends are rotatably supported are arranged at a predetermined interval.
  • a sprocket can be attached to the end of each roller 811 and a chain can be wound around each sprocket to drive it.
  • the conveyance speed of the glass plate 10 can also be adjusted by adjusting the rotational speed of each roller 811.
  • molds the glass plate 10 the form of an upper mold
  • the windshield according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
  • the glass plate 10, the shielding layer 110, and the imaging device 2 are as described above unless otherwise specified. Therefore, the specific configuration of the first embodiment will be described below.
  • the windshield according to the present embodiment includes a curved glass plate, and the glass plate 10 has a thickness as it goes downward in at least a passage region of light incident on the imaging device 2. Is formed in a tapered shape. And the light which injects into the imaging device 2 passes the glass plate 10 formed in the taper shape. That is, the glass plate 10 constitutes a passage area.
  • the installation angle ⁇ of the glass plate 10 in this windshield is preferably 40 to 70 degrees. If ⁇ is larger than 70 °, the reflectance on the surface of the glass plate is increased and the image becomes dark. If ⁇ is smaller than 40 °, the distortion in the windshield itself is reduced, so that the correction effect is also reduced. .
  • the installation angle ⁇ is an angle formed by the normal line V passing through the center of the passage area on the outer surface 140 of the glass plate 10 and the horizontal line H.
  • the range of the installation angle ⁇ is the same in the following embodiments.
  • the center of the passing region is a position where a horizontal principal ray that exits from a point E that is the center of a target T described later and enters the entrance pupil of the camera lens passes.
  • the present inventors have found that the distortion of the image obtained by the photographing apparatus can be corrected by setting the taper angle ⁇ 1 of the glass plate 10 as follows.
  • the taper angle ⁇ 1 is an angle at which the inner surface 130 is inclined with respect to the outer surface 140 of the glass plate 10, and its unit is (°).
  • the unit of the taper angle is the same for ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 , and ⁇ 5 described later. This will be described below.
  • a rectangular target T is disposed in front of the glass plate 10.
  • the curvature radius of the outer surface 140 and the curvature radius of the inner surface 130 in the vertical direction of the glass plate 10 are the same.
  • the distance L between the target T and the glass plate 10 is 1500 mm. At this time, the distance L is the distance in the horizontal direction from the center of the passage region on the outer surface 140 of the glass plate 10 to the point E that is the center of the target T.
  • the evaluation points are the following nine points when the coordinates of the center of the rectangular target are (0, 0).
  • the unit of coordinates is mm.
  • the X direction is the left-right direction, and the Y direction is the up-down direction.
  • Point C: (x, y) ( ⁇ 400, ⁇ 300)
  • Point D: (x, y) (0,300)
  • Point E: (x, y) (0, 0)
  • Point F: (x, y) (0, ⁇ 300)
  • Point G: (x, y) (400, 300)
  • Point H: (x, y) (400, 0)
  • Point I: (x, y) (400, ⁇ 300)
  • the distance D between the entrance pupil of the imaging device (camera) and the center of the passage area on the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10 was set to 0 mm.
  • the optical calculation software OSLO premium Edition Release 6.3 (manufactured by Lambda Research Corp., USA) was used for the following calculations. The same applies to each embodiment described later.
  • the angles of the principal rays exiting from each evaluation point and entering the entrance pupil in the Y direction and the X direction are determined when there is no glass plate ( ⁇ y 0 , ⁇ x 0 ) and when there is a glass plate ( ⁇ y , ⁇ x), respectively.
  • the chief ray from the point E (0, 0) on the target T was set to zero inclination as a reference for the angle.
  • the thickness of the glass plate 10 was set so as to change to the taper angle ⁇ 1 in the Y direction on the inner surface side. Then, the sum of the distortion amounts DSy and DSx at the nine evaluation points was obtained, and the taper angle ⁇ 1 at which the sum was minimized was determined. When the taper angle ⁇ 1 is a positive value, the thickness of the glass plate 10 increases as it goes downward.
  • the curvature radius of the glass plate 10 in the Y direction: Rwy infinity, 10000, 6000, 3000, 2000, 1500, 1000, 800, 500 (mm)
  • the curvature in the X direction of the glass plate 10 was originally a small value and the occurrence of distortion was small, so both surfaces were set to zero (the curvature radius was infinite).
  • Table 2 shows the conditions under which the value of ⁇ ⁇ ( ⁇ 1 ' ⁇ 1 ) 2 ⁇ is the minimum.
  • Table 2 also shows the values of ⁇ 1 ′ and ⁇ 1 ′ ⁇ 1 calculated using the constants K1 and K2.
  • according to the approximate expression is 0.078 ° at the maximum.
  • the value of ⁇ 1 may be within the range of ⁇ 0.2 ° from the optimum value (0.16 °).
  • the preferable range of the taper angle ⁇ 1 is as follows. A-0.2 ⁇ 1 ⁇ A + 0.2
  • A K1 (1 / Rwy + K2) ⁇ ⁇ Tw / (nw ⁇ 1), which is based on the above approximate expression.
  • the value of ⁇ 1 may be within the range of ⁇ 0.1 ° from the optimum value (0.16 °). From this, the preferable range of the taper angle ⁇ 1 is as follows. A ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ A + 0.1 (However, A> 0.1, and ⁇ 1 takes a positive value.)
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the windshield as viewed from above, and the curvature radius Rwx in the horizontal (X) direction of the windshield is 4800 mm on both the inside and the inside of the vehicle.
  • the angle formed by the camera optical axis and the normal of the glass plate surface in the horizontal (X) direction is defined as ⁇ x.
  • the reference value for ⁇ x is 0 °. Then, for the uncorrected model, the distortion amount at each evaluation point when one of ⁇ and ⁇ x is changed from the reference value is as shown in FIG.
  • the distortion amount increases as the installation angle ⁇ increases substantially at some evaluation points, and the difference in distortion amount for each evaluation point increases.
  • the amount of distortion is large regardless of the installation angle ⁇ .
  • the distortion also changes with the change in the installation angle ⁇ x depending on the evaluation point.
  • the amount of distortion is large regardless of the installation angle ⁇ x.
  • the amount of distortion is small in both the vertical direction (Y) and the horizontal (X) direction regardless of the installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x.
  • the effect of being able to eliminate not only the absolute amount of such distortion but also the variation due to the error of the installation angle is that the installation angle is as long as light passes through the passing area of the windshield configured as described above. It is not limited, and even if other parameters change, it can be obtained in the same manner. Therefore, in the windshield according to this embodiment, the optical axis alignment work when attaching the camera device or the like to the windshield can be simplified or omitted, which contributes to cost reduction.
  • the windshield according to the present embodiment includes a glass plate 10, a transparent first correction member 40 that is disposed to face the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10, the glass plate 10, And a transparent first adhesive 43 that is filled between the first correction member 40 and fixes the first correction member 40 to the glass plate 10. Thereby, the 1st correction member 40 is being fixed to the glass plate 10 integrally. Then, the light incident on the photographing apparatus 2 passes through the glass plate 10, the first adhesive 43, and the first correction member 40. That is, these members constitute a passage region.
  • the 1st correction member 40 is formed in the plate shape provided with the 1st surface 41 which opposes the glass plate 10, and the 2nd surface 42 which faces a vehicle inner side, and the curvature of a longitudinal section is the glass of the 2nd surface 42.
  • the concave surface is the same as the curvature of the plate 10 in the vertical direction.
  • the curvature of the first surface 41 may be an arbitrary shape because the lens action is substantially zero by adhesion. However, from the viewpoint of manufacturing, it can be a flat surface or a surface having the same curvature as the second surface 42.
  • the first surface 41 is a flat surface as an example.
  • the first correction member 40 can be formed of various transparent materials, but can be formed, for example, by embossing an acrylic plate.
  • the thickness of the first correction member 40 is preferably 0.5 to 3 mm, for example. This is because when the thickness is smaller than 0.5 mm, the strength is reduced and the film is easily deformed. When the thickness is larger than 3 mm, deterioration of the image due to nonuniformity of the material becomes a problem.
  • the first adhesive 43 is a transparent adhesive, and the material is not particularly limited as long as the glass plate and the first correction member can be fixed.
  • the refractive indexes of the glass plate 10, the first adhesive 43, and the first correction member 40 are, for example, in the range of 1.45 to 1.60, and the difference in the refractive indexes of the three members may be small. preferable. This is because the smaller the difference in refractive index, the less the reflection at the interface and the smaller the lens action at the interface.
  • a straight line connecting the center of curvature P in the vicinity of the center of the passing region and the center Q of the passing region on the vehicle outer surface 140 of the glass plate 10 is defined as G, and the second surface of the first correction member 40.
  • the center of curvature in the vertical direction at 42 is C 0 .
  • the curvature of the outer surface 130 of the glass plate 10 and the curvature of the second surface 42 of the first correction member 40 are the same. For this reason, the thickness of the passing region becomes a constant value.
  • the straight line G and the point C 0 are shifted at a predetermined angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the center Q of the passing region on the outer surface 140 of the glass plate 10 as a base point.
  • the angle ⁇ 2 can be formed by shifting the position of the first correction member 40 in the vertical direction.
  • the center of curvature C 0 can be shifted position of the second surface 42 of the first correction member 40 as vertical asymmetry (is made different thicknesses between the upper and lower ends).
  • the spacer 44 is disposed between the glass plate 10 and the first correction member 40, so that the first correction member 40 is inclined and thereby the angle ⁇ 2 is formed.
  • the structure (passage region) in which the glass plate 10, the first adhesive 43, and the first correction member 40 are combined is equivalent to the “first embodiment with a taper angle ⁇ 2 ”, and therefore, distortion is corrected.
  • the preferable range of ⁇ 2 can be expressed by the same formula as in the first embodiment as follows. A-0.2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ A + 0.2 (If you want to make the amount of distortion approximately ⁇ 2%) A-0.1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ A + 0.1 (If you want to make the amount of distortion approximately ⁇ 1%)
  • Tw is the thickness of the glass plate 10, the first adhesive 43, and the first correction member 40 in the center of the passage region
  • nw is the glass plate 10 in consideration of the ratio of each material in the thickness direction. This is the average refractive index of the first adhesive 43 and the first correction member 40.
  • the first correction member 40 it is possible to correct distortion of an image acquired by the photographing apparatus 2.
  • the distortion amount for every installation angle was computed similarly to 1st Embodiment.
  • the following adhesives and correction members were arranged on the inner surface of the glass plate of the non-correction model. The conditions not described are the same as those of the above-described uncorrected model.
  • the amount of distortion for each of the windshield installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x according to the second embodiment is as shown in FIG. 18 (the amount of distortion of the vertical installation angle (a), the horizontal installation angle Distortion amount). Also in this embodiment, the amount of distortion is small in both the vertical direction (Y) and the horizontal (X) direction regardless of the installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x.
  • the effect of being able to eliminate not only the absolute amount of such distortion but also the variation due to the error of the installation angle is that the installation angle is as long as light passes through the passing area of the windshield configured as described above. It is not limited, and even if other parameters change, it can be obtained in the same manner. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, effects such as simplification of operations can be obtained.
  • the windshield according to the present embodiment includes the glass plate 10 and a transparent second correction member 50 disposed to face the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10.
  • An air layer is provided between the glass plate 10 and the second correction member 50.
  • the glass plate 10 is the same as in the second embodiment.
  • the second correction member 50 only needs to be fixed so that an air layer is formed on the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10 without being deformed.
  • the upper end and the lower end of the second correction member 50 are made of glass with an adhesive. It can be fixed to the plate 10.
  • it can be fixed via a spacer 53.
  • the thickness of the air layer is preferably 2 mm or less, for example. Then, the light incident on the imaging device 2 passes through the glass plate 10, the air layer, and the second correction member 50. That is, these members constitute a passage region.
  • the 2nd correction member 50 is formed in the plate shape provided with the 1st surface 51 which opposes the glass plate 10, and the 2nd surface 52 which faces a vehicle inside, and both the 1st surface 51 and the 2nd surface 52 are planes. It is formed so that the thickness increases as it goes downward in a tapered shape.
  • the second correction member 50 can be formed of various transparent materials, but can be formed by embossing an acrylic plate, for example.
  • the thickness of the second correction member 50 is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, for example. This is because when the thickness is smaller than 0.5 mm, the strength is reduced and the film is easily deformed. When the thickness is larger than 5 mm, the deterioration of the image due to nonuniformity of the material becomes a problem.
  • the model is as shown in FIG.
  • the target T is the same as that shown in FIG. 9B.
  • the calculation procedure is as described above, but the second correction member 50 is set so that the thickness is changed to the taper angle ⁇ 3 on the second surface 52 side.
  • the sum of the distortion amounts DSy and DSx at the nine evaluation points on the target T was obtained, and the taper angle ⁇ 3 at which the sum was minimized was determined.
  • the taper angle ⁇ 3 is a positive value, the thickness of the second correction member 50 increases as it goes downward.
  • the distance D between the entrance pupil of the imaging device (camera) and the center of the passing region on the second surface 52 of the second correction member 50 was set to 0 mm.
  • both surfaces were set to zero (the curvature radius was infinite).
  • Table 3 also shows the values of ⁇ 3 ′ and ⁇ 3 ′ ⁇ 3 calculated using the above constants K3 to K7.
  • according to the approximate expression is 0.090 ° at the maximum.
  • Table 4 also shows the values of ⁇ 3 ′ and ⁇ 3 ′ ⁇ 3 calculated using the above constants K3 to K8.
  • according to the approximate expression is 0.094 ° at the maximum.
  • ⁇ 3 ′ ⁇ 0.0434 + 0.0114Tc + 239 (1 / Rw) +3.29 ( ⁇ 60) (1 / Rw ⁇ 0.0005) Tc 0.5 ⁇ 7.56 (nc ⁇ 1.49) (1 / Rw) ⁇ (Tw ⁇ nw) / (4.8 ⁇ 1.52)
  • the value of ⁇ 3 may be within the range of ⁇ 0.2 ° from the optimum value (0.17 °).
  • the preferable range of the taper angle ⁇ 3 is as follows. B-0.2 ⁇ 3 ⁇ B + 0.2
  • B ⁇ K3 + K4 ⁇ Tc + K5 (1 / Rw) + K6 ( ⁇ 60) (1 / Rw ⁇ K7) Tc 0.5 ⁇ K8 (nc ⁇ 1.49) (1 / Rw) ⁇ (Tw ⁇ nw) / (4.8 ⁇ 1.52), which is based on the approximate expression described above.
  • the value of ⁇ 3 may be within the range of ⁇ 0.1 ° from the optimum value (0.17 °). From this, the preferable range of the taper angle ⁇ 3 is as follows. B ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ 3 ⁇ B + 0.1 (However, B> 0.1, and ⁇ 3 takes a positive value.)
  • the distortion of the image acquired by the photographing apparatus is corrected by using the second correction member. Even if both surfaces of the second correction member 50 are simple planes, the distortion correction function is sufficient. However, the distortion correction may be further improved by using a slight spherical or aspherical surface.
  • the second correction member as described above is difficult to process because the taper has a small inclination.
  • it is complicated to produce correction members having different taper angles for each vehicle type. Therefore, the second correction member can be manufactured as follows.
  • FIG. 21A shows a front view (a), a plan view (b), and a right side view (c) of the square first plate member 91.
  • FIG. 21B shows a front view (a), a plan view (b), and a right side view (c) of the square second plate member 92.
  • Each of these plate materials has a wedge-shaped cross section, the center thickness is t 0 , and the taper angle is ⁇ .
  • plate materials are the same shapes, in FIG. 21A and FIG. 21B, the state which has arrange
  • 21A (b) and FIG. 21B (b) show coordinates with the centers of the plate members 91 and 92 set to 0.
  • first plate and second plate When these first plate and second plate are bonded together, they become parallel flat plates. For example, as shown in FIG. 22, when the first plate is rotated by + ⁇ and the second plate is rotated by ⁇ , the taper is tapered. The angle ⁇ becomes the following correction member.
  • ⁇ tan ⁇ 1 (2 sin ⁇ ⁇ tan ⁇ )
  • the correction member is made of the plate material as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
  • a manufacturing error of the taper angle is ⁇ 0.05 °.
  • the first plate material 91 and the second plate material 92 (angle error ⁇ 2.5%) having a taper angle ⁇ of 2 ⁇ 0.05 ° as described above are produced, rotated and bonded, and the center value is obtained.
  • the distortion amount for every installation angle was computed similarly to 1st Embodiment.
  • the following correction members were arranged on the inner surface of the glass plate of the non-correction model.
  • the conditions not described are the same as those of the above-described uncorrected model.
  • the amount of distortion for each of the windshield installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x according to the third embodiment is as shown in FIG. 23 (the amount of distortion of the vertical installation angle (A), the horizontal installation angle of Distortion amount). Also in this embodiment, the amount of distortion is small in both the vertical direction (Y) and the horizontal (X) direction regardless of the installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x.
  • the effect of being able to eliminate not only the absolute amount of such distortion but also the variation due to the error of the installation angle is that the installation angle is as long as light passes through the passing area of the windshield configured as described above. It is not limited, and even if other parameters change, it can be obtained in the same manner. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, effects such as simplification of operations can be obtained.
  • the windshield according to the present embodiment includes a glass plate 10, a transparent third correction member 60 that is disposed to face the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10, the glass plate 10, And a second adhesive 63 that is filled between the third correction member 60 and fixes the third correction member 60 to the glass plate 10.
  • a spacer 64 for tilting the third correction member 60 with respect to the glass plate 10 when the third correction member 60 is fixed to the glass plate 10 is provided. Then, the light incident on the imaging device 2 passes through the glass plate 10, the second adhesive 63, and the third correction member 60. That is, these members constitute a passage region.
  • the third correction member 60 is formed in a plate shape including a first surface 61 facing the glass plate 10 and a second surface 62 facing the vehicle interior, and the first surface 61 and the second surface 62 are parallel to each other. It is a flat surface.
  • the second surface 62 is a flat surface.
  • spacers 64 having different thicknesses are disposed between the upper end of the third correction member 60 and the glass plate 10 and between the lower end and the glass plate 10. Thereby, the space between the 3rd correction member 60 and the glass plate 10 is formed in the wedge shape from which thickness changes as it goes below, The 2nd adhesive agent 63 is filled into this space.
  • the glass plate 10 and the third correction member 60 are integrally fixed by the second adhesive 63.
  • an angle formed between the second surface 62 of the third correction member 60 and the inner surface 130 of the glass plate 10 is a taper angle ⁇ 4 .
  • a frame-type spacer having a side portion extending in the vertical direction can be used instead of the spacer separated into two as described above.
  • the third correction member 60 can be formed of various transparent materials, but for example, inexpensive float glass can be used as it is.
  • the thickness of the third correction member 60 is preferably 0.5 to 5 mm, for example. This is because if the thickness is smaller than 0.5 mm, the strength is lowered and the film is easily deformed.
  • the refractive indexes of the glass plate 10, the second adhesive 63, and the third correction member 60 are, for example, in the range of 1.40 to 1.60, and it is preferable that the difference between these refractive indexes is small. This is because the reflection at the interface decreases as the difference in refractive index decreases.
  • the model is as shown in FIG.
  • the target T is the same as in FIG. 9B.
  • the calculation procedure is as described above, but the thickness is set so that the taper angle ⁇ 4 is formed on the inner surface side of the third correction member 60. Then, the sum of the distortion amounts Dy and Dx at the nine evaluation points was obtained, and the taper angle ⁇ 4 at which the sum was minimized was determined.
  • the taper angle ⁇ 4 is a positive value, the thickness of the second adhesive 63 increases as it goes downward.
  • the distance D between the entrance pupil of the imaging device (camera) and the center of the passing region on the second surface 62 of the third correction member 60 was set to 0 mm.
  • both surfaces were set to zero (the curvature radius is infinite).
  • the value of phi 4 may it will be appreciated in a range of ⁇ 0.09 ° from the optimum value (-0.19 °) the distortion amount. From this, the preferable range of the taper angle ⁇ 4 is as follows. C-0.09 ⁇ 4 ⁇ C + 0.09
  • the distortion of the image acquired by the photographing apparatus 2 is corrected.
  • the cross-section of the adhesive is wedge-shaped and the correction member is a parallel plate, but this can be reversed. That is, as shown in FIG. 26, the correction member can be formed in a tapered shape whose thickness changes as it goes downward, and can be arranged on the inner surface side of the glass plate via an adhesive having a uniform thickness.
  • the thickness of the adhesive can be made constant by using a spacer having a uniform height. In this case, the height is uniform regardless of the two separated spacers or the integral spacer.
  • the second surface 62 of the correction member 60 is a flat surface.
  • the distortion amount for every installation angle was computed similarly to 1st Embodiment.
  • the following adhesive and correction member were arranged on the inner surface of the glass plate of the non-correction model.
  • the conditions not described are the same as those of the above-described uncorrected model.
  • the interior side surface of the third correction member 60 is flat.
  • the amount of distortion for each of the windshield installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x according to the fourth embodiment is as shown in FIG. 27 (the amount of distortion of the vertical installation angle (A), the horizontal installation angle Distortion amount).
  • the absolute amount and variation of the distortion amount are small regardless of the installation angle. The effect of reducing the amount of distortion is not limited to the installation angle as long as light passes through the passing area of the windshield configured as described above, and can be obtained even if other parameters change. It is thought that you can.
  • a windshield according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 28, a through hole 19 is formed in the glass plate 10 of the windshield according to this embodiment, and a plate-like transparent fourth correction member 70 is fitted in the through hole 19. .
  • the fourth correction member 70 becomes a passage region for light incident on the imaging device 2.
  • the through hole 19 can have various shapes such as a rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, and a circular shape, but the maximum outer diameter is preferably 10 to 30 mm.
  • the maximum outer diameter is the vertical length of the through hole 19 and the horizontal length. If the maximum outer diameter is smaller than 10 mm, the light necessary for the photographing apparatus 2 may not be sufficiently incident, and if it is larger than 30 mm, the appearance may be impaired.
  • the fourth correction member 70 includes a first surface 71 facing the vehicle outer side and a second surface 72 facing the vehicle inner side. Either surface can be a flat surface, but it can also be a tapered shape whose thickness varies in the vertical direction, or a parallel plane.
  • the 4th correction member 70 can be formed with various transparent materials, it can be formed by the embossing of an acrylic board, for example. However, since durability is required for the first surface 71 exposed to the outside of the vehicle, a glass plate and an acrylic plate may be bonded to each other. In this case, the glass surface is the outside of the vehicle. Of course, the glass material may be tapered.
  • the thickness of the fourth correction member 70 is preferably 1 to 6 mm, for example. This is because when the thickness is smaller than 1 mm, the strength is lowered, and when the thickness is larger than 5 mm, deterioration of the image due to nonuniformity of the material becomes a problem.
  • a model was produced and a simulation was performed.
  • the model is as shown in FIG.
  • the calculation procedure is as described above, but the thickness is set so that the taper angle ⁇ 5 is formed on the inner surface side of the fourth correction member.
  • the sum of the distortion amounts DSy and DSx at the nine evaluation points was obtained, and the taper angle ⁇ 5 at which the sum was minimized was determined.
  • the taper angle ⁇ 5 is a positive value, the thickness of the correction member increases as it goes downward.
  • the distance D between the entrance pupil of the imaging device (camera) and the center of the passing region on the second surface 72 of the fourth correction member 70 was set to 0 mm.
  • ⁇ 5 ′ (K13 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ K14 ⁇ ⁇ + K15) Tg ⁇ ng / (ng ⁇ 1) (K13, K14, and K15 are constants)
  • Table 8 also shows the values of ⁇ 5 ′ and ⁇ 5 ′ ⁇ 5 calculated using the above constants K13 to K15.
  • according to the approximate expression is 0.0026 ° at the maximum.
  • the 4th correction member 70 of this embodiment you may use as a correction member what extracted the passage part and its vicinity part from the shape which has the curvature and taper angle of both surfaces by 1st Embodiment. Specific conditions such as curvature, thickness, and refractive index are the same as those in the first embodiment. If it does in this way, when it sees from the outside of a vehicle, since the curvature of the 4th correction member 70 and the glass plate 10 of the periphery becomes close, there exists an advantage that the appearance of reflected light becomes good.
  • the distortion amount for every installation angle was computed similarly to 1st Embodiment.
  • the glass plate of the non-correction model was replaced with the following fourth correction member.
  • the conditions not described are the same as those of the above-described uncorrected model.
  • Tg 4.0 mm
  • the refractive index of the fourth correction member 70: ng 1.52
  • the amount of distortion for each of the windshield installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x according to the fifth embodiment is as shown in FIG. 31 (the amount of distortion of the vertical installation angle (A), the horizontal installation angle Distortion amount). Also in this embodiment, the amount of distortion is small in both the vertical direction (Y) and the horizontal (X) direction regardless of the installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x.
  • the effect of being able to eliminate not only the absolute amount of such distortion but also the variation due to the error of the installation angle is that the installation angle is as long as light passes through the passing area of the windshield configured as described above. It is not limited, and even if other parameters change, it can be obtained in the same manner. Therefore, as in the first embodiment, effects such as simplification of operations can be obtained.
  • the glass plate 10 of the windshield according to the present embodiment is made of laminated glass.
  • this laminated glass includes the outer glass plate 11, the inner glass plate 12, and the intermediate film 13 sandwiched between them.
  • a through hole 18 is formed in the inner glass plate 12 and the intermediate film 13, and the through hole 18 serves as a passage region for light incident on the photographing apparatus 2. That is, the light passage region in the windshield is configured only by the outer glass plate 11, and the light incident on the photographing apparatus 2 passes only the outer glass plate 11.
  • the through hole 18 can have various shapes such as a rectangular shape, a polygonal shape, and a circular shape, but the maximum outer diameter is preferably 10 to 30 mm.
  • the maximum outer diameter is the vertical length of the through hole 18 and the horizontal length. If the maximum outer diameter is smaller than 10 mm, the light necessary for the photographing apparatus 2 may not be sufficiently incident, and if it is larger than 30 mm, the appearance may be impaired.
  • the light passage region is constituted only by the outer glass plate 11, and the thickness of the passage region is small.
  • image distortion and double image displacement caused by the windshield are proportional to the thickness of the passing area. Therefore, if the thickness of the passing area is reduced as in this embodiment, the image distortion and the double image are reduced. The deviation can be corrected.
  • the distortion amount for every installation angle was computed similarly to 1st Embodiment.
  • the thickness of the glass plate in the uncorrected model was as follows. The conditions not described are the same as those of the above-described uncorrected model. ⁇ Glass plate thickness: 2.2 mm (The thickness of the outer glass plate in the passage region: 2.2 mm was reproduced)
  • the amount of distortion for each of the windshield installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x according to the sixth embodiment is as shown in FIG. 33 (the amount of distortion of the vertical installation angle (A), the horizontal installation angle Distortion amount).
  • the windshield according to the sixth embodiment is almost proportional to the ratio of the thickness of the glass plate (non-corrected model 4.8 mm: sixth embodiment 2.2 mm).
  • the amount of distortion is small.
  • the amount of distortion is generally within 1% within the installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x shown in FIG.
  • the effect of reducing the fluctuation due to the error of the absolute amount of distortion and the installation angle in this way is not limited to the installation angle as long as light passes through the passing area of the windshield configured as described above. Even if changes, it can be obtained in the same manner.
  • a windshield according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the inner glass plate 12 is left together with the outer glass plate 11 and a partial through hole is provided in the intermediate film 13. That is, the light passage area in the windshield is constituted by the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, and the light incident on the photographing device 2 passes through the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12, and is intermediate. Does not pass through the membrane.
  • a preferable shape of the through hole is the same as that of the sixth embodiment.
  • the intermediate film portion is replaced with an air layer in the thickness of the passage region.
  • the distortion of the image and the shift of the double image due to the windshield are proportional to the thickness of the passing area, but in this embodiment, the substantial thickness matches the thickness of the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate. Since the thickness is reduced by the thickness of the intermediate film, image distortion and double image shift can be corrected.
  • the distortion amount for every installation angle was computed similarly to 1st Embodiment.
  • the glass plate of the uncorrected model was replaced with the following glass plate having the same radius of curvature.
  • the conditions not described are the same as those of the above-described uncorrected model.
  • the amount of distortion for each of the windshield installation angles ⁇ and ⁇ x according to the seventh embodiment is as shown in FIG. 35 (the amount of distortion of the vertical installation angle (A), the horizontal installation angle Distortion amount).
  • the windshield according to the seventh embodiment is almost proportional to the thickness ratio of the glass plate (non-corrected model 4.8 mm: seventh embodiment 3.8 mm).
  • the amount of distortion is small.
  • the effect of reducing the fluctuation due to the error of the absolute amount of distortion and the installation angle in this way is not limited to the installation angle as long as light passes through the passing area of the windshield configured as described above. Even if changes, it can be obtained in the same manner.
  • the glass plate 10 in the second, third, and fourth embodiments has no taper formed in the passage region.
  • a windshield that is actually used may have a taper of a certain direction and size due to errors in its shape and manufacturing process.
  • a taper may be generated at the passing portion due to the influence. In such a case, it is preferable to adjust by increasing / decreasing the ⁇ 2 value, the ⁇ 3 value, and the ⁇ 4 value in the second, third, and fourth embodiments.
  • the windshield of an automobile corresponding to a glass plate often has an installation angle and a curvature in the horizontal direction (X direction). Since the horizontal installation angle and curvature are smaller than the vertical (Y direction) installation angle and curvature, the amount of distortion is small, so in the embodiment of the present invention, horizontal correction is ignored. However, it is also possible to correct the horizontal distortion by means such as “slightly tilt the taper direction from the vertical direction” or “add a slight horizontal curvature to the surface of the correction member”.
  • a transparent and flexible film whose thickness changes in a tapered shape can be attached.
  • a taper-shaped film can be attached to a passage portion of a glass plate having a constant thickness, thereby partially forming a tapered shape. Since the flexible film conforms to the shape of the surface of the glass plate, only the taper can be applied without changing the curvature.
  • the thickness of the film is preferably 0.01 mm or more and 2 mm or less. When the thickness is 0.01 mm or less, it is difficult to form a tapered shape. On the other hand, when the thickness is 2 mm or more, the image is liable to be disturbed due to nonuniformity of the material.
  • a resin material having a refractive index difference from the glass plate of 0.1 or less is preferable. When the difference in refractive index exceeds 0.1, reflection at the boundary surface increases and image contrast deteriorates.
  • the “flat plate with taper” used in the third, fourth, and fifth embodiments can be replaced with “a parallel flat plate with a taper-like film attached”. Since the film can be mass-produced at a low cost, the overall cost can be reduced by combining it with an easy-to-make parallel flat plate. Since the film is attached to a flat surface, flexibility is unnecessary, but the thickness is preferably 0.01 mm or more and 2 mm or less. When the thickness is 0.01 mm or less, it is difficult to form a tapered shape. On the other hand, when the thickness is 2 mm or more, the image is liable to be disturbed due to nonuniformity of the material. As the material for the film, a resin material having a refractive index difference of 0.1 or less from the flat plate to be attached is preferable. When the difference in refractive index exceeds 0.1, reflection at the boundary surface increases and image contrast deteriorates.
  • a plate-like transparent fourth correction member 70 is fitted in the through hole 19 formed in the glass plate 10.
  • the same effect as that of the fifth embodiment is obtained by processing the vehicle outer surface and the vehicle inner surface of the glass plate 10 by grinding or polishing, and the same as the fourth correction member in the glass plate. It can also be realized by forming a shape portion (passage region) 701. By doing in this way, compared with 5th Embodiment, there exists an advantage that the process of a through-hole can be abbreviate
  • a stereo camera can be used as the photographing device.
  • a known camera can be used, and a specific example will be described below with reference to FIGS. 37 and 38.
  • the stereo camera has two photographing devices 210A and 210B which are arranged inside the glass plate and spaced apart from each other so that two images with parallax can be simultaneously acquired. is doing.
  • the center mask layer 22 has two photographing windows 113A corresponding to the photographing devices 210A and 210B so that the photographing devices 210A and 210B arranged in the vehicle can photograph the situation outside the vehicle. , 113B are formed. These two photographing windows 113A and 113B are disposed in the vicinity of the support portion of the rearview mirror symmetrically about the rearview mirror as the target axis.
  • the above-described antifogging film is provided on the inner surface of the glass plate at positions corresponding to the photographing windows 113A and 113B.
  • the stereo camera 20 is connected to the image processing device 30 and constitutes an in-vehicle system capable of analyzing the distance between the subject and the own vehicle by using a plurality of images acquired by the stereo camera 20.
  • the stereo camera 20 is connected to the image processing device 30 and constitutes an in-vehicle system capable of analyzing the distance between the subject and the own vehicle by using a plurality of images acquired by the stereo camera 20.
  • each component will be described.
  • each imaging device 210A, 210B of the stereo camera 20 a known device can be used.
  • a lens system having a plurality of lenses and an aperture stop, and an image sensor such as a CCD that captures an image using light that has passed through the lens system; Can be provided.
  • a subject is imaged by forming an image of light that has passed through the lens system on a light receiving plane by an image sensor.
  • the stereo camera 20 can simultaneously acquire a plurality of images with parallax using each of the imaging devices 210A and 210B.
  • the image processing device 30 is a device that analyzes a plurality of images acquired by the stereo camera 20 and analyzes the distance between the subject and the vehicle, the moving speed of the subject, the type of the subject, and the like, and uses a known device. Can do.
  • Such an image processing apparatus has general hardware such as a storage unit, a control unit, and an input / output unit connected by a bus as a hardware configuration.
  • the stereo camera 20 as described above uses the two photographing devices 210A and 210B, if any one of the two photographing windows 113A and 113B is clouded, there is a possibility that correct image analysis cannot be performed. Therefore, it is very advantageous to form an antifogging film as described above on the photographing windows 113A and 113B.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un pare-brise tel que des images photographiées par l'intermédiaire d'une plaque de verre incurvée et inclinée dudit pare-brise ne sont pas sensibles à la distorsion. Le pare-brise d'après la présente invention est utilisé pour un véhicule dans lequel un dispositif de photographie peut être installé. Ledit pare-brise comprend une plaque de verre incurvée et une région de passage de la lumière qui contient une partie de la plaque de verre et permet à la lumière d'arriver de manière incidente sur le dispositif de photographie. Le dispositif de photographie obtient une image qui est formée par la lumière incidente passant par la région de passage de la lumière. La région de passage de la lumière est conçue de telle sorte qu'une distorsion de l'image obtenue par le dispositif de photographie est atténuée.
PCT/JP2016/056075 2015-03-12 2016-02-29 Pare-brise WO2016143582A1 (fr)

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CN108349353A (zh) * 2016-10-17 2018-07-31 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 用于驾驶员辅助的风挡
EP3526065B1 (fr) * 2016-10-17 2023-08-02 Saint-Gobain Glass France Pare-brise d'aide a la conduite
IL265872B2 (en) * 2016-10-17 2023-04-01 Saint Gobain Car windshield for driving assistance
KR20190071697A (ko) * 2016-10-17 2019-06-24 쌩-고벵 글래스 프랑스 운전 보조를 위한 윈드스크린
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IL265872B (en) * 2016-10-17 2022-12-01 Saint Gobain Car windshield for driving assistance
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US10857702B2 (en) * 2016-12-29 2020-12-08 Saint-Gobain Glass France Forming method of a PVB film for HUD
JPWO2018151235A1 (ja) * 2017-02-20 2019-12-12 Ａｇｃ株式会社 窓ガラス
WO2018151235A1 (fr) * 2017-02-20 2018-08-23 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Vitre
WO2019012962A1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2019-01-17 Ａｇｃ株式会社 Verre à vitre pour véhicule automobile
JP7040526B2 (ja) 2017-07-13 2022-03-23 Ａｇｃ株式会社 自動車用窓ガラス
JPWO2019012962A1 (ja) * 2017-07-13 2020-05-07 Ａｇｃ株式会社 自動車用窓ガラス
CN113165324B (zh) * 2018-12-05 2023-06-30 中央硝子株式会社 具有修正结构的汽车玻璃
CN113165324A (zh) * 2018-12-05 2021-07-23 中央硝子株式会社 具有修正结构的汽车玻璃
JP7424378B2 (ja) 2019-07-08 2024-01-30 Ａｇｃ株式会社 車体用樹脂部材、車体用樹脂部材付き窓部材、及び車両
WO2021112003A1 (fr) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 日本板硝子株式会社 Verre feuilleté pour véhicule
JP2021088486A (ja) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 日本板硝子株式会社 自動車用の合わせガラス
JP7449082B2 (ja) 2019-12-04 2024-03-13 日本板硝子株式会社 自動車用の合わせガラス
WO2023057277A1 (fr) * 2021-10-08 2023-04-13 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Agencement de caméra, procédé de conception d'une courbure d'un couvercle, et couvercle pour un agencement de caméra
CN114754700A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-07-15 江苏立晶工业科技有限公司 一种挡风玻璃的曲率检测方法和装置
CN114754700B (zh) * 2022-04-29 2023-08-18 江苏立晶工业科技有限公司 一种挡风玻璃的曲率检测方法和装置

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