CN108349353A - 用于驾驶员辅助的风挡 - Google Patents

用于驾驶员辅助的风挡 Download PDF

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CN108349353A
CN108349353A CN201780004073.XA CN201780004073A CN108349353A CN 108349353 A CN108349353 A CN 108349353A CN 201780004073 A CN201780004073 A CN 201780004073A CN 108349353 A CN108349353 A CN 108349353A
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windscreen
optical devices
laminated windshield
glass plate
refractive index
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CN108349353B (zh
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B.卡普兰
K.施马尔布赫
S.德罗斯特
C.埃费尔茨
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • B60R11/04—Mounting of cameras operative during drive; Arrangement of controls thereof relative to the vehicle
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

一种叠层机动车辆风挡(1)，其包括两块玻璃板，外玻璃板(4)和内玻璃板(5)，这些板由具有折射指数n1的热塑性材料制成的中间层(6)连接在一起，其中所述风挡配备穿过至少其中一个所述玻璃板且优选地穿过所述中间层的通孔(8)，并且其中所述孔用光学装置(2)填充，所述光学装置(2)适于使在暴露于车辆外部的风挡的面上大致水平入射的光束(3)偏离，并且适于使得其几乎没有变形地会聚在摄像头的图像捕获装置(7)上，比方说CCD或者CMOS探测器，其放置成面向朝向车辆的乘员舱的风挡的面，所述探测器的表面大致平行于所述风挡的表面(13)布置。

Description

用于驾驶员辅助的风挡
技术领域
本发明涉及玻璃窗，特别是风挡，其允许在机动车辆中与特别是ADAS(先进驾驶员辅助系统)型摄像头系统相关而捕获图像数据。本发明也描述了一种组合了所述玻璃窗(所述风挡)和所述摄像头用于这种信息捕获的装置。
背景技术
汽车窗玻璃和相关的技术持续发展，特别是为了改善安全性。先进驾驶员辅助系统(或者ADAS)是一种重要的创新。根据总的原理，放置在风挡后的摄像头允许这些ADAS在驾驶员驾驶的时候协助驾驶员。这种ADAS装置尤其可具有以下功能，以下列表并不是穷尽的：
- 当车辆无意间离开其车道时警告驾驶员；
- 发出急刹车信号；
- 改善夜视；
- 允许通过对驾驶员可见的控制屏的360度视野；
- 辨认安装在路边的道路标志；
- 确保以二维或者甚至三维模式精确检测距离和物体(特别是通过立体效应，例如使用多个摄像头)。
最常见的是，该装置包括放置在车辆的风挡后的至少一个摄像头。在此类装置的当今样式中，存在与体积相关的问题。特别是，在车辆的前玻璃窗上对于此类装置可用的空间是非常有限的，因为由于明显的安全性原因，它们必须不阻挡驾驶员的视线。在本领域中有时称作Y0的这样的区域100常规位于如附图1中所示风挡的上中心部分中。在此区域100中，一个或更多摄像头以相对于风挡表面一定的角度定向。特别是，联接到其上的物镜和(CCD或CMOS)图像传感器直接朝向图像捕获区域定向，沿着大致平行于地面的方向，即，仅轻微地向着路面倾斜，如附图中所示。换言之，摄像头以小的角度朝向路面定向，并且适于提供前述功能。
实际上，关于风挡，由于物镜的尺寸，由于摄像头的传感器及其壳体，对于每个摄像头，要能够看到合适的视野，因而对于每个所述摄像头而言必须的是，收集到的外部光束(或者甚至是以预设立体角采集的全部光束)要穿过风挡上的梯形形状的特定窗口101，比方说如附图1所图示的那样。
假定风挡本身在图像捕获区域中与道路形成相对小的角度，从而小尺寸摄像头的实现需要在风挡上可提供具有相对大尺寸的梯形窗口101，并且其范围随着要观察的立体角的尺寸而增大，如附图1中所示的那样。
这样的构造进一步意味着在放置成面向结合了ADAS摄像头(包括其壳体)的装置的玻璃窗的整个区域上使用黑色涂层102，诸如一层黑色涂漆或者珐琅质，以便隐藏该装置。
此外，如果多个摄像头相关联，例如为了提供比方说如上所述的多个功能，或者甚至为了以(立体)三维模式重构和/或分析，还证明需要对应于每个摄像头从一个到另一个分开不同的梯形区域，如图1中所示。特别在这样的情况下，印在玻璃窗上的黑色区域102可具有非常大的尺寸，该尺寸特别易于与驾驶员穿过风挡的整个视野成比例而减小。在大部分结合了多个ADAS摄像头的当今的实施例中，几乎是风挡上中心部的整个区域都必须用黑色印刷层覆盖，如附图1中所示。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种技术方案，其允许解决上述问题，并且特别允许避免上述体积的问题，特别是通过减小存在于风挡上用来隔离或者遮挡存在于玻璃窗后的ADAS摄像头的黑色区域。
特别是，前述问题已经能够通过改变摄像头的光学定向以便使摄像头的光学定向朝竖直方向倾斜角度β而解决。
更确切地，本发明涉及一种叠层机动车辆风挡，其包括两块玻璃板，外玻璃板和内玻璃板，这些板由具有折射指数n1的热塑性材料制成的中间层连接在一起，其中所述风挡配备穿过至少其中一个所述玻璃板并且优选地穿过所述中间层的通孔，并且其中所述孔用光学装置填充，所述光学装置适于使在暴露于车辆的外部的风挡的面上大致水平入射的光束偏离，并且使得其几乎没有变形地会聚在摄像头的图像捕获装置上，比方说CCD或者CMOS探测器，其放置成面向朝向车辆的乘员舱的风挡的面，所述探测器的表面大致平行于所述风挡的表面布置。
作为示例，表述“大致水平地”理解为意味着地面和光束光线之间的角度小于30°且特别是小于20°，或者甚至实际上小于10°。
作为示例，表述“大致平行地”理解为意味着风挡的内表面和CCD探测器的表面的探测区域之间形成的角度小于30°且特别是小于20°，或者实际上小于10°。
以下描述了本发明的某些有利但非限制性的实施例，其当然可以彼此组合，其中需要：
- 所述风挡配备穿过所述玻璃板和所述中间层的通孔。
- 所述光学装置包括一个或更多会聚透镜以及一个或更多发散透镜的组合。
- 光学装置从玻璃窗的外部到内部包括第一会聚透镜、发散透镜和会聚透镜。
- 备选地，所述风挡可配备仅穿过外部玻璃板的通孔，整个所述光学装置插入该通孔。在这样的实施例中，例如，光学装置从玻璃窗的外部到内部包括会聚透镜和发散透镜。有利地，会聚透镜粘性地粘结到内玻璃板的背面上。
- 光学装置还包括具有低于或等于n1的折射指数n2的塑料。
- 光学装置还包括具有低于n1的折射指数n2的塑料。
- 光学装置从玻璃窗的外部到内部包括第一会聚透镜、发散透镜、会聚透镜和可选地放置在所述透镜之间具有低于n1的折射指数n2的塑料。
- 所述折射指数n2比折射指数n1低至少0.05且优选地低至少0.1。
- 中间层由PVB制成。
- 中间层由PVB制成，且包括在光学装置中的塑料具有包括在1.31和1.43之间的折射指数n2。
- 指数为n2的塑料层可选地选自氟化的、脂肪族的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯聚合物。
- 所述光学装置位于玻璃窗的中心上部区域中。
本发明也涉及一种用于透过风挡捕获从光辐射的捕获区发出的图像的装置，光辐射大致水平地在暴露于车辆外部的风挡的面上入射，所述装置的特征在于其包括摄像头，特别是ADAS摄像头，其包括图像传感器以及比方说如上所述的风挡，并且其中摄像头的图像传感器的表面大致平行于所述风挡的表面布置。
附图说明
图1图示了图像捕获装置的透视图，其是当前市场上可买到的并且如上所述。
图2示意性地示出了根据本发明根据第一构造的风挡的矢状横截面，以及从车辆的外部到放置在风挡后的ADAS摄像头的物镜的光线的路径。
图3示意性地示出了根据本发明根据第二构造的风挡的矢状横截面，以及从车辆的外部到放置在风挡后的ADAS摄像头的物镜的光线的路径。
具体实施方式
更特别地，图2以更细节但是非限制性的方式图示了本发明的一个实施例。
在此附图中，示出了叠层玻璃窗的矢状横截平面。初始光束3从车辆的外部环境入射在位于风挡最外面的玻璃板4的面上，并且特别是从期望用摄像头观察的路面的区域，摄像头在图2中已经仅通过其传感器7示意性地示出，并且其位于风挡1的上部中。传感器7优选地包括CCD(电荷耦合装置)或者CMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体)矩阵阵列区域。
对于光束，在本发明的背景中指的是以一定的立体角抵达的全部光线并且其被寻求经由摄像头7来捕获。在图2中，为了清楚，此辐射被仅两条光线来呈现。
如图2中所示，外部(对于车辆)光束3以相对于水平方向小的入射角α入射在风挡上，其原则上小于30°，或者甚至小于20°，或者实际上小于10°。将摄像头直接安装在风挡1后面通常要求，如果所述光束要被捕获的话，摄像头的定向轴线以及因而其自身在所述摄像头的安装区域中，相对于路面形成小的角度α，且相对于垂直于风挡的内表面13的方向形成大的角度，如由图2中的虚线所示。
如以上参考图1所示，在这样的构造中，形成在玻璃窗上用于隐藏安装的黑色珐琅或涂漆区域102整体上可具有非常大的尺寸，直到可能极大地减小驾驶员透过风挡本身的整个视野的程度。
图2中所示的玻璃窗1是常规的叠层风挡，包括第一玻璃板4和第二玻璃板5，两个玻璃板由热塑性材料制成、且最常见由聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)制成的中间层6彼此连接。风挡以公知且常规方式通过元件4，5和6的热层叠而获得。在不背离本发明的范围的情况下，中间层当然可以包括由不同特性的热塑性材料制成的多个板，例如具有不同的硬度以便提供声学功能，比方说例如在出版物US 6,132,882中所描述的，特别是具有不同硬度的一组PVB板。同样，其中一块玻璃板相对于常规使用的厚度可以是薄的。中间层也可根据本发明具有楔形形状，特别是考虑抬头显示(HUD)应用。另外，中间层的其中一块板可大部分染色。
在中间层6中，在位于对于摄像头期望的最终位置上的玻璃窗的区域中，在风挡中形成了切口，以便产生具有使得能够在其中插入根据本发明的光学装置2充分且必要尺寸的孔8，其厚度大致与风挡的厚度相同。
图2中所述的装置2包括一组会聚和发散透镜，尽管这样的实施例不被认为限制本发明的范围。透镜使用现有技术以这样的方式设置尺寸并且隔开，即初始如上文所述大致水平的辐射3被偏离并且使得经由所述光学装置会聚在传感器7的感测部分上，传感器7因此能够重新定位，使得其有效面积现在在图像捕获区域中大致平行于第二玻璃板5的内表面而布置。以这样的方式，变得可以倾斜摄像头组件并且因此在玻璃窗后最小化用于图像处理的全部元件以及它们的壳体所占用的空间。此外，可以将摄像头的传感器7带至玻璃窗的正上方，这也在与其实施相关的体积上产生极大的减小。
如以上也解释的那样，这样的构造以此方式允许由光束在风挡上穿过的梯形区域的尺寸，并且因此最终允许印刷在玻璃窗上的黑色区域102的总面积被极大地限制。作为示例，可以计算摄像头仅5°的倾斜β允许所述梯形区域的面积被减小超过50%。因此，在图1中，根据现有构造的梯形区域已经被用实线显示而在根据本发明的构造中该梯形区域已经被用虚线显示。
根据本发明，因此变得可能极大地限制印刷在风挡上的黑色区域的面积，或者备选地在风挡的可进入区中放置更多数量的摄像头，特别是考虑到实现立体视觉或者甚至为了增加监视路面的点的数量和/或比方说如上所述的功能的数量。
更确切地，如图2中被虚线所示，其代表光线3在光学装置中的路径，入射辐射被会聚第一透镜9偏离。因此偏离的光束之后被发散第二透镜10矫正并且有利地被热塑性材料12约束在光学装置中，热塑性材料12的折射指数n2低于热塑性板6的折射指数。
具有指数n2的此热塑性材料更特别地选自具有允许粘结到塑料或玻璃表面上的特性的塑料。
特别是，材料12有利地且优选地以这样的方式选择，即，使得其折射指数n2显著低于中间层板6由其制成的材料的折射指数。对于显著低于，其意味着至少0.05且优选地至少0.1的指数差。
特别且例如，如果材料6是PVB类型的热塑性材料，其折射指数为大约1.48，为具有指数n2的材料选择的材料有利地可选自丙烯酸酯聚合物，特别可选地是氟化的、脂肪族的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯聚合物，其折射指数可取决于配方在1.31和1.42之间变化。这样的聚合物例如由Nordland以标号NOA 1315, NOA 132, NOA 1327, NOA 1328, NOA 133, NOA13685, NOA 1375, NOA 138, NOA 142出售。
相对于风挡或玻璃窗的面积考虑，切口部段8的尺寸通常是小的。
根据现有技术的技术，切口部段8的形状和尺寸也构造成有效地且选择性地收集全部这样的入射光：a) 穿过风挡，b)包含在外部(对于车辆)立体角范围中，以及c)源自车辆前方的区域，其寻求通过摄像头被捕获。
图3图示了本发明的另一个实施例，其中风挡配备了通孔8，通孔8这次仅穿过内玻璃板4，所述光学装置2被插入该孔，该光学装置2包括会聚透镜和发散透镜的组合。根据此实施例，内玻璃板5不包含切口并且由被光学装置2偏离的光辐射穿过。根据此实施例，会聚透镜11这次放置(粘性地粘结)在内玻璃板5的后面13上，以便大致没有变形地使光束向着摄像头的传感器7偏离。

Claims (15)

1.一种叠层机动车辆风挡(1)，其包括两块玻璃板，外玻璃板(4)和内玻璃板(5)，这些板由具有折射指数n1的热塑性材料制成的中间层(6)连接在一起，其中所述风挡配备穿过至少其中一个所述玻璃板的通孔(8)，并且其中所述孔用光学装置(2)填充，所述光学装置(2)适于使在暴露于车辆外部的风挡的面上大致水平入射的光束(3)偏离，并且适于使得其几乎没有变形地会聚在摄像头的图像捕获装置(7)上，比方说CCD或者CMOS探测器，其放置成面向朝向所述车辆的乘员舱的风挡的面，所述探测器大致平行于所述风挡的表面(13)布置。
2.如权利要求1所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述光学装置(2)包括一个或更多会聚透镜和一个或更多发散透镜的组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述风挡配备穿过所述玻璃板(4,5)和所述中间层的通孔(8)。
4.如前述权利要求之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述光学装置从所述玻璃窗的外部到内部包括第一会聚透镜(9)、发散透镜(10)和会聚透镜(11)。
5.如前述权利要求之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述光学装置还包括具有低于或者等于n1的折射指数n2的塑料(12)。
6.如前述权利要求之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述光学装置还包括具有低于n1的折射指数n2的塑料。
7.如前述权利要求之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述光学装置从所述玻璃窗的外部到内部包括第一会聚透镜(9)、发散透镜(10)和会聚透镜(11)，以及放置在所述透镜之间具有低于n1的折射指数n2的塑料(12)。
8.如前述权利要求之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述折射指数n2比所述折射指数n1低至少0.05且优选地低至少0.1。
9.如前述权利要求之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述中间层(6)由PVB制成，并且其中包括在所述光学装置中的所述塑料(12)具有包括在1.31和1.43之间的折射指数n2。
10.如权利要求5到9之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，具有指数n2的层的塑料可选地选自氟化的、脂肪族的聚氨酯丙烯酸酯聚合物。
11.如权利要求1所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述风挡配备仅穿过所述外玻璃板(4)的通孔(8)，所述光学装置插入该孔。
12.如前一权利要求所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述光学装置从所述玻璃窗的外部到内部包括第一会聚透镜(9)和发散透镜(10)。
13.如权利要求11和12的任一项所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，会聚透镜(11)放置在所述内玻璃板(5)的背面上。
14.如前述权利要求之一所述的叠层风挡，其特征在于，所述光学装置位于所述玻璃窗的中心上部区域中。
15.一种用于穿过风挡捕获从光辐射的捕获区发出的图像的装置，光辐射在暴露于车辆外部的风挡的面上大致水平地入射，所述装置的特征在于其包括：
- 摄像头，特别是ADAS摄像头，其包括图像传感器(7)；以及
- 比方说根据前述权利要求之一所述的风挡(1)；
其中所述摄像头的所述图像传感器(7)的表面大致平行于所述风挡的表面布置。
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