WO2016140093A1 - 残留応力推定方法及び残留応力推定装置 - Google Patents
残留応力推定方法及び残留応力推定装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016140093A1 WO2016140093A1 PCT/JP2016/055065 JP2016055065W WO2016140093A1 WO 2016140093 A1 WO2016140093 A1 WO 2016140093A1 JP 2016055065 W JP2016055065 W JP 2016055065W WO 2016140093 A1 WO2016140093 A1 WO 2016140093A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
- G01N2203/0212—Theories, calculations
- G01N2203/0218—Calculations based on experimental data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
- G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a residual stress estimation method and a residual stress estimation apparatus for estimating the residual stress of a structure based on the inherent strain method.
- the residual stress generated in the structure may cause damage such as fatigue cracks, and it is important to accurately grasp the distribution of the residual stress in the structure.
- a method for estimating the residual stress of a structure a method using an inherent strain method is known (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- the conventional method for estimating residual stress based on the inherent strain method two types of cut pieces are cut out from a structure, the elastic strain or residual stress is measured for each cut piece, and the measured elastic strain or residual stress of the cut piece is measured.
- the measured value is applied to the inverse analysis processing based on the finite element method.
- a user inputs, as an analysis range, a range in which the inherent strain is assumed to be generated with respect to the analysis apparatus that executes the reverse analysis process.
- the analyzer approximates the inherent strain distribution by the least square method using the distribution function defined in the analysis range, determines the inherent strain distribution in the analysis range, and calculates the residual stress of the structure from the obtained inherent strain distribution. calculate.
- the estimation accuracy of residual stress is greatly affected by the set analysis range. Therefore, it is important to set the analysis range appropriately.
- the user has set the analysis range by trial and error based on experience, and an appropriate analysis range is not always set.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and a main object thereof is to provide a residual stress estimation method and a residual stress estimation apparatus capable of solving the above-described problems.
- a method for estimating residual stress analyzes a strain generated in the structure without using a measurement value of the structure, and displays an analysis result.
- the position and size of the analysis range are acquired as the condition relating to the analysis range, and in the step of estimating the inherent strain distribution, the acquired position and size are acquired.
- the distribution of the inherent strain in the analysis range specified by the height may be estimated.
- an elastic strain or a residual stress measured at a measurement point within the analysis range specified by the acquired position and size is acquired as the measurement value. You may do it.
- the step of obtaining the condition relating to the analysis range as the condition relating to the analysis range, obtaining information defining a plurality of divided regions dividing the analysis range, and estimating the inherent strain distribution Then, a distribution function that is a set of a plurality of piecewise functions defined for each of the plurality of divided regions defined by the acquired information is approximated to the inherent strain distribution of the analysis range based on the measurement values.
- the parameters of the distribution function may be determined.
- the parameter of the distribution function may be determined so that each piecewise function is continuous at the boundary of each divided region.
- the parameter of the distribution function may be determined based on spline interpolation so that the gradient of each piecewise function is continuous at the boundary of each divided region. Good.
- an elastic-plastic analysis by a finite element method may be performed on a three-dimensional model simulating the structure.
- the stress generated by the processing of the structure may be analyzed based on a Hertz contact theory.
- the residual stress estimation apparatus includes an analysis unit that analyzes strain generated in the structure without using a measurement value of the structure, and a display unit that displays an analysis result by the analysis unit.
- An input unit configured to receive an input of a condition related to an analysis range for estimating residual stress and a measurement value related to the residual stress of the structure, which is set based on the analysis result, and the structure in the analysis range.
- Estimating means for estimating the distribution of the inherent strain in the analysis range using the measurement value based on the condition relating to the analysis range accepted by the input unit so as to approximate the inherent strain, and the estimation means
- a display unit for displaying an estimation result of residual stress based on the distribution of the inherent strain.
- FIG. 5A It is a block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment of the residual stress estimation apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a side view which shows the structure of a crankshaft. It is an enlarged side view for demonstrating the plastic working with respect to a crankshaft. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of one Embodiment of the residual stress estimation method which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows an analysis model. It is a figure which shows the analysis result of the distribution condition of the distortion in the analysis model shown to FIG. 5A. It is a figure for demonstrating the determination of the position and magnitude
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing estimation results of residual stress in the fillet circumferential direction in Test 1.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an estimation result of residual stress in a pin circumferential direction in Test 1.
- 4 is a graph showing an estimation result of residual stress in a fillet radial direction in Test 1.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the measurement point in a proposal method.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing measurement points in Comparative Method 3.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing estimation results of residual stress in the fillet circumferential direction in Test 2.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing estimation results of residual stress in a pin circumferential direction in Test 2.
- 6 is a graph showing estimation results of residual stress in the fillet radial direction in Test 2.
- the residual stress estimation apparatus uses the inherent strain method for the analysis range set by the user based on the analytical solution obtained by analyzing the strain generated in the structure without using the measurement value of the structure. Based on the above, the residual stress of the structure is estimated.
- the residual stress estimation device 1 is realized by a computer 10. As shown in FIG. 1, the computer 10 includes a main body 11, an input unit 12, and a display unit 13.
- the main body 11 includes a CPU 111, ROM 112, RAM 113, hard disk 115, reading device 114, input / output interface 116, and image output interface 117.
- the CPU 111, ROM 112, RAM 113, hard disk 115, reading device 114, input / output interface 116, The image output interface 117 is connected by a bus.
- the CPU 111 can execute a computer program loaded in the RAM 113. Then, when the CPU 111 executes a residual stress estimation program 110 that is a computer program for residual stress estimation, the computer 10 functions as the residual stress estimation device 1.
- the residual stress estimation program 110 is an inverse analysis processing program based on the finite element method, and enables estimation of the distribution state of the inherent strain in the structure.
- the ROM 112 is configured by a mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or the like, and stores a computer program executed by the CPU 111, data used for the same, and the like.
- the RAM 113 is configured by SRAM, DRAM or the like.
- the RAM 113 is used for reading the residual stress estimation program 110 recorded on the hard disk 115. Further, when the CPU 111 executes a computer program, it is used as a work area for the CPU 111.
- the hard disk 115 is installed with various computer programs to be executed by the CPU 111 such as an operating system and application programs, and data used for executing the computer programs.
- a residual stress estimation program 110 is also installed in the hard disk 115.
- the hard disk 115 is installed with an operating system such as Windows (registered trademark) manufactured and sold by US Microsoft. In the following description, it is assumed that the residual stress estimation program 110 according to the present embodiment operates on the operating system.
- Windows registered trademark
- the reading device 114 is configured by a flexible disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD-ROM drive, or the like, and can read a computer program or data recorded on the portable recording medium 120.
- the portable recording medium 120 stores a residual stress estimation program 110 for causing the computer to function as a residual stress estimation device.
- the computer 10 reads out the residual stress estimation program 110 from the portable recording medium 120 and stores the residual stress estimation program 110.
- the stress estimation program 110 can be installed on the hard disk 115.
- the input / output interface 116 is, for example, a serial interface such as USB, IEEE1394, or RS-232C, a parallel interface such as SCSI, IDE, or IEEE1284, an analog interface including a D / A converter, an A / D converter, and the like. It is configured.
- An input unit 12 including a keyboard and a mouse is connected to the input / output interface 116, and the user can input data to the computer 10 by using the input unit 12.
- the image output interface 117 is connected to the display unit 13 constituted by an LCD or a CRT, and outputs a video signal corresponding to the image data given from the CPU 111 to the display unit 13.
- the display unit 13 displays an image (screen) according to the input video signal.
- the residual stress can be obtained as follows.
- N measured residual stresses are represented as ⁇ m .
- N calculated residual stresses obtained from the inherent strain are represented by ⁇ c
- a residual R with respect to the measured residual stress is defined by the following equation.
- M is a function of coordinates, and may be nonlinear with respect to the coordinates.
- the residual stress estimation device 1 executes a residual stress estimation process as described below to estimate the residual stress of the structure.
- crankshaft 200 is configured by connecting a journal shaft 201 and a pin shaft 203 by a crank arm 202.
- a large stress is likely to be generated at the time of use at the connection point between the journal shaft 201 and the crank arm 202 and at the connection point between the pin shaft 203 and the crank arm 202. If tensile residual stress is generated inside these connection portions, it may cause damage such as fatigue cracks.
- plastic processing such as roll processing or shot peening is applied to the above-mentioned connection locations, and compressive residual stress is introduced.
- FIG. 3 is a view for explaining plastic working on the crankshaft.
- FIG. 3 shows the case of roll processing.
- the journal shaft 201 is rotated in a state where the roll 300 is pressed against the connection portion between the journal shaft 201 (or the pin shaft 203) and the crank arm 202.
- a fillet 204 is formed at the connection location, and compressive residual stress is applied so as to be distributed in the circumferential direction of the journal shaft 201.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the procedure of the residual stress estimation method according to the present embodiment.
- the CPU 111 executes a theoretical analysis process of the structure (step S1).
- the theoretical analysis process is a process for analyzing the strain in the structure without using the measurement value of the structure. More specifically, elasto-plastic analysis by the finite element method is used.
- the CPU 111 performs a machining simulation on the three-dimensional model of the structure under the same machining conditions as the actual one, and analyzes the strain distribution state in the structure.
- FIG. 5A is a perspective view showing an analysis model.
- the analysis model was a model with a circumferential direction of 30 °, and the circumferentially symmetric condition was applied to the circumferential end face.
- FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an analysis result of a strain distribution state in the analysis model illustrated in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 5B shows the analysis result of the strain in the evaluation cross section, with the central plane in the circumferential direction (cross section at 15 °) of the analysis model as the evaluation cross section.
- the CPU 111 displays the analysis result of the theoretical analysis process on the display unit 13 (step S2).
- the CPU 111 displays a screen on which the user can understand the strain distribution state in the three-dimensional model on the display unit 13. For example, there is a graphic display in which the strain distribution in the cross section of the three-dimensional model is color-coded according to the strain intensity level.
- step S2 it is preferable that the strain is displayed as a contour line for each intensity level. Thereby, it becomes easy for the user to determine a divided region of the analysis range described later.
- the user refers to the analysis result screen of the theoretical analysis process, and measures the conditions related to the analysis range that is the range for estimating the residual stress, that is, the position and size of the analysis range, each divided region of the analysis range, and the measurement of the residual stress.
- a point is determined (step S3).
- the strain cannot be estimated accurately, but the strain generation region can be estimated almost accurately. For this reason, the user can confirm the strain distribution state on the analysis result screen of the theoretical analysis process, and determine the position and size of the analysis range suitable for the estimation of the residual stress.
- the determination of the position and size of the analysis range will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- the intensity level of the strain obtained by the theoretical analysis process is indicated by gray shades.
- the user can easily obtain an appropriate analysis range by determining the position and size of the analysis range so as to surround the region where the distortion occurs.
- the inherent strain distribution is estimated using a distribution function.
- a series expansion formula has been used for the distribution function over the entire analysis range. That is, one distribution function is defined for one analysis range. Therefore, the conventional distribution function cannot cope with the bias in the distribution of the inherent strain within the analysis range, and the actual inherent strain distribution may not be accurately reproduced. Therefore, the residual stress estimation apparatus 1 divides the analysis range into a plurality of divided regions, and defines the distribution function as a set of piecewise functions defined in the divided regions. If a small divided area is set in a portion where the change in intrinsic strain is steep, and a large divided area is set in a portion where the change in intrinsic strain is gentle, the distribution function can be accurately matched to the distribution shape of the inherent strain in each divided area. Is possible. Therefore, the user can confirm the strain distribution state on the analysis result screen of the theoretical analysis process, and can appropriately determine each divided region in the analysis range.
- the strain obtained by the theoretical analysis process is displayed in contour lines for each intensity level.
- the change of the strain is steep in the portion where the interval between the contour lines is narrow, and the change of the strain is gentle in the portion where the interval between the contour lines is wide.
- the user can easily and appropriately divide the region according to the contour line interval so that the divided region becomes smaller in the portion where the contour line interval is narrow and the divided region becomes larger in the portion where the contour line interval is wide. A divided region can be obtained.
- the user determines the same number of measurement points for each divided region. As a result, it is possible to cope with a steep change in intrinsic strain in a small divided region, and to deal with a gradual change in intrinsic strain in a large divided region.
- the residual stress of the structure is estimated based on the measured residual stress (or elastic strain) of the cut piece. Therefore, the location of the measurement point greatly affects the estimation accuracy of the residual stress of the structure. Residual stress can be estimated with high accuracy by using a site with a high intrinsic strain value, a site where the distribution of the intrinsic strain changes sharply, and the like as measurement points. For this reason, the user can confirm the distribution state of the inherent strain on the analysis result screen of the theoretical analysis process, and determine a site suitable for measuring the residual stress (or elastic strain) of the cut piece as a measurement point.
- the part where the value of the intrinsic strain is high and the part where the distribution of the intrinsic strain abruptly changes are also suitable parts for estimating the residual stress. That is, the analysis range suitable for estimating the residual stress includes a portion suitable for measuring the residual stress (or elastic strain) of the cut piece. Therefore, the user determines a measurement point within the analysis range.
- the user cuts the structure, collects a cut piece from the site determined as the measurement point, and measures the residual stress from the cut piece (step S4).
- a structure is thinly cut in one direction to obtain a cut piece (T piece), and thinly cut in a direction orthogonal to the one direction to obtain a cut piece (L piece).
- the residual stress is a value obtained by multiplying the elastic strain by the Young's modulus, and measuring the elastic strain is equivalent to measuring the residual stress. Therefore, either elastic strain or residual stress may be measured from the cut piece. In the present embodiment, a case where residual stress is measured will be described.
- the T piece is obtained by cutting in the radial direction. If the inherent strain is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, the inherent strain does not change no matter which part of the circumferential direction the T piece is obtained. Therefore, only one T piece may be collected. Thereby, since the number of sampling of T piece can be decreased, the work burden of cutting process and residual stress measurement of a cut piece can be reduced.
- each drawing is a cross-sectional view when the journal shaft is cut in the length direction of the rotation shaft.
- the C piece 500 is obtained by cutting the structure in the normal direction of the curved surface of the fillet, that is, in the radial direction of the arcuate fillet in the cross section.
- the cut surface 501 of the C piece 500 extends conically around the rotation center axis of the journal axis.
- Such C pieces are collected by changing the center angle of the fillet (for example, every 10 ° from 20 ° to 110 °).
- the user directly measures the residual stress by X-rays or the like on the cut piece collected as described above.
- the user attaches a strain gauge to the cut piece, further cuts it into a plurality of small pieces, and measures the release strain (elastic strain) of each small piece.
- the release strain elastic strain
- a plurality of different components are measured.
- the user inputs the determined position and size of the analysis range to the residual stress estimation apparatus 1.
- the CPU 111 of the residual stress estimation device 1 accepts the position and size of the analysis range input from the input unit 12 (step S5).
- the user inputs a division pattern (position information to be divided) of the analysis range to the residual stress estimation apparatus 1.
- the CPU 111 of the residual stress estimation apparatus 1 receives the analysis region division pattern input from the input unit 12 (step S6).
- the CPU 111 of the residual stress estimation device 1 receives the measurement value input from the input unit 12 (step S7).
- the CPU 111 determines a distribution function (step S8).
- the distribution function is defined as a set of a plurality of piecewise functions defined for each divided region of the analysis range. An arbitrary multi-order polynomial can be selected for each piecewise function. However, in order to obtain an estimation result that correctly reflects the distribution state of the inherent strain, it is preferable to share the order of each piecewise function. As a result, it is possible to cope with a gradual change in intrinsic strain in a large divided area while dealing with a sharp change in intrinsic strain in a small divided area. Also, as will be described later, when performing spline interpolation, the order of each piecewise function is made common.
- the distribution function as described above may be automatically selected by the CPU 111 or specified by the user using the input unit 12. Further, a distribution function may be set in advance in the residual stress estimation apparatus 1.
- step S9 the CPU 111 optimizes the parameters of the distribution function.
- step S9 the process of step S9 will be specifically described.
- the CPU 111 first determines H in Expression (9).
- the procedure is as follows.
- (B) Solve Equation (4) to find u.
- (C) ⁇ is obtained by equation (3).
- (D) ⁇ is obtained from equation (1).
- (E) N values corresponding to the residual stress measurement points are extracted from the components of ⁇ , and set as the first column of H.
- the second column of H is similarly obtained by the procedures (b) to (f).
- the CPU 111 determines a so that R in Expression (7) is minimized. Thereby, the parameters of the distribution function are optimized.
- the CPU 111 preferably determines the parameters of the distribution function so that the gradient of each piecewise function is continuous by spline interpolation. Thereby, the inherent strain can be smoothly continued at the boundary between the divided regions, and an estimated value of the inherent strain that does not impair the physical property can be obtained.
- the CPU 111 calculates an estimated value of residual stress (step S10).
- step S10 the CPU 111 obtains an intrinsic strain at an arbitrary point according to the equation (8). Further, the CPU 111 solves the equation (4) to obtain u, applies the obtained u to the equation (3) to obtain ⁇ , and applies the obtained ⁇ to the equation (1) to obtain ⁇ .
- the CPU 111 displays the obtained residual stress estimated value on the display unit 13 (step S11).
- step S11 the CPU 111 ends the process.
- the residual stress estimation device analyzes the stress generated by the processing of the structure based on the Hertz contact theory in the theoretical analysis process (step S1).
- Hertzian contact theory is used to analyze stress in point contact or line contact by two elastic bodies.
- Hertz contact theory is applied to the crankshaft roll processing.
- Roll processing is a kind of plastic processing. Although the stress when plastic deformation occurs cannot be calculated by Hertzian contact theory, it is possible to estimate the region where plastic deformation, that is, plastic strain occurs.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a stress distribution assumed when the cylinder and the flat plate shown in FIG. 10 are in contact with each other.
- E 1 and E 2 are longitudinal elastic modulus
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are Poisson's ratio
- P is concentrated load
- q linear load per unit length
- p pressure on the contact surface
- p 0 is contact surface.
- maximum pressure, r 0 occurring in the center radius of the cylinder, is 2b is a width of the contact surface rectangle.
- p, p 0 and b are obtained from the equations (15) to (17), respectively.
- equation (19) is obtained from equations (10), (12), (13), and (18), and the depth z from the surface in equation (19) is the hardening depth, that is, plastic strain ( (Inherent strain) occurs.
- the analysis result obtained by the theoretical analysis process using the Hertz contact theory as described above is displayed on the display unit 13 in step S2.
- the strain may be displayed as a contour line for each intensity level.
- the user can confirm the analysis result of the theoretical analysis process, and the position and size of the analysis range, which is a range for estimating the residual stress, regardless of experience, the analysis range. It is possible to appropriately determine the measurement points of each of the divided regions and the residual stress (or elastic strain) of the cut piece.
- the user determines the position and size of the analysis range, each divided region of the analysis range, and the measurement point of the residual stress of the cut piece.
- the position and size of the analysis range, each divided region of the analysis range, and the measurement value of the residual stress at the measurement point are input to the residual stress estimation device.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the user may determine at least one of the position and size of the analysis range, each divided region of the analysis range, and the measurement point of the residual stress of the cut piece. Good.
- the residual stress estimation device When the user determines the position and size of the analysis range, the residual stress estimation device accepts input of the position and size of the analysis range, and estimates the residual stress based on the inherent strain in this analysis range.
- the residual stress estimation device accepts an input of a divided pattern of the analysis range, and calculates a distribution function that is a set of piecewise functions defined for each divided region. Used to estimate residual stress based on intrinsic strain.
- the residual stress estimation device accepts the input of the residual stress measurement value at the determined measurement point, approximates the inherent strain based on the input measurement value, Estimate the residual stress of the structure.
- Embodiments 1 and 2 described above the configuration in which spline interpolation is applied in determining the parameters of the distribution function has been described.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It is good also as a structure which determines the parameter of each piecewise function, without using spline interpolation.
- Lagrange interpolation may be applied in parameter determination for each piecewise function. Thereby, each piecewise function can be made continuous at the boundary of the divided regions. It is also possible to define one multi-order polynomial or trigonometric analysis function in the entire analysis region, and apply Lagrange interpolation to optimize the parameters of this distribution function. Even in the case of using Lagrangian interpolation, if the number of measurement points in each divided region is the same, it is possible to cope with a bias in the distribution of the inherent strain.
- the user inputs the conditions related to the analysis range (the position and size of the analysis range, the divided area of the analysis range, and the measurement points of the residual stress of the cut piece) to the residual stress estimation device.
- the structure to perform was described, it is not limited to this.
- the residual stress estimation device may be configured to automatically set conditions relating to the analysis range based on the analysis result of the theoretical analysis process.
- the residual stress is measured from the cut piece of the structure, and the distribution is performed so that the difference between the measured residual stress and the residual stress calculated by the distribution function is minimized.
- the configuration for optimizing the function parameters has been described, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the determination of the elastic strain measurement point is the same as the determination of the residual stress measurement point in the first and second embodiments.
- evaluation test The inventor conducted a performance evaluation test of the residual stress estimation method described in the above embodiment.
- the residual stress estimation method using the analysis range set based on the analysis result by the theoretical analysis process using the result of FEM (finite element method) analysis with known correct value of the residual stress Numerical experiment by "Proposed method"), and the correct value was compared with the numerical experiment result.
- the residual stress in the pin shaft of the crankshaft was estimated using the analysis model shown in FIG. 5A.
- the central plane in the circumferential direction (cross section at 15 °) of the analysis model was used as the evaluation cross section, and the result in the evaluation cross section was used as the correct value.
- FIG. 12A to 12C are graphs showing the results of Test 1.
- FIG. 12A shows the estimation result of the residual stress in the fillet circumferential direction
- FIG. 12B shows the estimation result of the residual stress in the pin circumferential direction
- FIG. 12C shows the estimation result of the residual stress in the fillet radial direction.
- the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the residual stress
- the horizontal axis represents the depth from the surface.
- the gray solid line indicates the correct answer value
- the black broken line indicates the numerical experiment result by the comparison method 1
- the gray broken line indicates the numerical experiment result by the comparison method 2
- the black solid line by the proposed method Numerical results are shown.
- the proposed method has obtained a result very close to the correct answer value.
- the estimation accuracy of the residual stress is lower than that of the proposed method.
- the estimation accuracy of the residual stress could be improved by setting the position and size of the analysis range using the analysis result of the theoretical analysis process.
- Test 2 In the proposed method, measurement points were set within the strain generation region indicated in the analysis results by theoretical analysis processing. Residual stress was also estimated when there were more measurement points than the proposed method (hereinafter referred to as “Comparative method 3”), and compared with the results of the proposed method.
- FIG. 13A is a diagram illustrating measurement points in the proposed method
- FIG. 13B is a diagram illustrating measurement points in the comparison method 3. In the figure, the measurement points are indicated by black square marks.
- FIG. 14A to 14C are graphs showing the results of Test 2.
- FIG. 14A shows the estimation result of the residual stress in the fillet circumferential direction
- FIG. 14B shows the estimation result of the residual stress in the pin circumferential direction
- FIG. 14C shows the estimation result of the residual stress in the fillet radial direction.
- the vertical axis represents the magnitude of the residual stress
- the horizontal axis represents the depth from the surface.
- the gray solid line indicates the correct answer value
- the broken line indicates the numerical experiment result by the comparison method
- the black solid line indicates the numerical experiment result by the proposed method.
- the residual stress estimation method and residual stress estimation device of the present invention are useful as a residual stress estimation method and residual stress estimation device for estimating the residual stress of a structure based on the inherent strain method.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態に係る残留応力推定装置は、構造物の計測値を用いることなく、構造物に生じるひずみを解析して得られた解析解に基づいてユーザが設定した解析範囲について、固有ひずみ法に基づき構造物の残留応力を推定するものである。
残留応力推定装置1は、コンピュータ10によって実現される。図1に示すように、コンピュータ10は、本体11と、入力部12と、表示部13とを備えている。本体11は、CPU111、ROM112、RAM113、ハードディスク115、読出装置114、入出力インタフェース116、及び画像出力インタフェース117を備えており、CPU111、ROM112、RAM113、ハードディスク115、読出装置114、入出力インタフェース116、及び画像出力インタフェース117は、バスによって接続されている。
(1)固有ひずみを用いた残留応力の算出
固有ひずみをε0とすると、残留応力σは次式で表される。
σ=D(ε-ε0) …(1)
但し、Dは弾性係数マトリックスであり、εは次式の関係を満たす全ひずみである。
以下、本実施の形態に係る残留応力推定装置1の動作について説明する。
(a)a=[1,0,0,…,0]Tとして、ε0=Maを求める。
(b)式(4)を解き、uを求める。
(c)式(3)によりεを求める。
(d)式(1)によりσを求める。
(e)σの成分の中から、残留応力測定点に対応するN個の値を抽出し、これをHの第1列とする。
(f)a=[0,1,0,…,0]Tとして、Hの第2列も同様に(b)~(f)の手順で求める。
本実施の形態に係る残留応力推定装置は、理論解析処理(ステップS1)において、構造物の加工によって生じる応力を、ヘルツ接触理論に基づいて解析する。
上記の実施の形態1及び2においては、理論解析処理の解析結果に基づいて、ユーザが解析範囲の位置及び大きさ、解析範囲の各分割領域、並びに切断片の残留応力の計測点を決定し、解析範囲の位置及び大きさ、解析範囲の各分割領域、並びに計測点における残留応力の計測値のそれぞれを、残留応力推定装置に入力する構成について述べたが、これに限定されるものではない。理論解析処理の解析結果に基づいて、ユーザが、解析範囲の位置及び大きさ、解析範囲の各分割領域、並びに切断片の残留応力の計測点のうちの少なくとも1つを決定するようにしてもよい。ユーザが解析範囲の位置及び大きさを決定する場合には、残留応力推定装置が、解析範囲の位置及び大きさの入力を受け付け、この解析範囲において固有ひずみに基づき残留応力を推定する。ユーザが解析範囲の各分割領域を決定する場合には、残留応力推定装置が、解析範囲の分割パターンの入力を受け付け、各分割領域に対して定義された区分的関数の集合である分布関数を用いて、固有ひずみに基づき残留応力を推定する。ユーザが残留応力の計測点を決定する場合には、残留応力推定装置が、決定された計測点における残留応力の計測値の入力を受け付け、入力された計測値に基づいて固有ひずみを近似し、構造物の残留応力を推定する。
本発明者は、上記の実施の形態において説明した残留応力推定方法の性能評価試験を行った。本評価試験では、残留応力の正解値が既知のFEM(有限要素法)解析の結果を利用して、理論解析処理による解析結果に基づいて設定された解析範囲を用いた残留応力推定方法(以下、「提案法」という。)による数値実験を行い、正解値と数値実験結果との比較を行った。
提案法では、図6に示す理論解析処理による解析結果が得られている場合(フィレット角=40°)に、解析結果に示されるひずみの発生領域を取り囲むように解析範囲の位置及び大きさを設定した(図6に示す解析範囲)。提案法よりも大きい解析範囲を設定した場合(以下、「比較法1」という)及び提案法よりも小さい解析範囲を設定した場合(以下、「比較法2」という)のそれぞれについても残留応力を推定し、提案法の結果と比較した。下表に、提案法、比較法1及び比較法2における解析範囲の設定条件を示す。
提案法では、理論解析処理による解析結果に示されるひずみ発生領域内で計測点を設定した。提案法よりも計測点が多い場合(以下、「比較法3」という)についても残留応力を推定し、提案法の結果と比較した。図13Aは、提案法における計測点を示す図であり、図13Bは、比較法3における計測点を示す図である。図において、計測点を黒い四角の印で示す。
10 コンピュータ
12 入力部
13 表示部
110 残留応力推定プログラム
111 CPU
115 ハードディスク
116 入出力インタフェース
117 画像出力インタフェース
200 クランク軸(構造物)
Claims (9)
- 構造物の計測値を用いることなく、前記構造物に生じるひずみを解析し、解析結果を表示するステップと、
前記解析結果に基づいて設定された、残留応力を推定するための解析範囲に関する条件を取得するステップと、
前記構造物の残留応力に関する計測値を取得するステップと、
前記解析範囲における前記構造物の固有ひずみを近似するよう、取得された前記解析範囲に関する条件に基づいて、前記計測値を用いて前記解析範囲における固有ひずみの分布を推定するステップと、
を有する、
固有ひずみに基づく残留応力推定方法。 - 前記解析範囲に関する条件を取得するステップでは、前記解析範囲に関する条件として、解析範囲の位置及び大きさを取得し、
前記固有ひずみの分布を推定するステップでは、取得された位置及び大きさによって特定される前記解析範囲における固有ひずみの分布を推定する、
請求項1に記載の残留応力推定方法。 - 前記計測値を取得するステップでは、取得された位置及び大きさによって特定される前記解析範囲内の計測点において計測された弾性ひずみ又は残留応力を、前記計測値として取得する、
請求項2に記載の残留応力推定方法。 - 前記解析範囲に関する条件を取得するステップでは、前記解析範囲に関する条件として、解析範囲を分割する複数の分割領域を規定する情報を取得し、
前記固有ひずみの分布を推定するステップでは、取得された情報によって規定される前記複数の分割領域のそれぞれについて定義された複数の区分的関数の集合である分布関数を、前記計測値に基づく前記解析範囲の固有ひずみ分布に近似させるよう、前記分布関数のパラメータを決定する、
請求項1に記載の残留応力推定方法。 - 前記固有ひずみの分布を推定するステップでは、各分割領域の境界で各区分的関数が連続するよう、前記分布関数のパラメータを決定する、
請求項4に記載の残留応力推定方法。 - 前記固有ひずみの分布を推定するステップでは、各分割領域の境界で各区分的関数の勾配が連続するよう、スプライン補間に基づき前記分布関数のパラメータを決定する、
請求項4に記載の残留応力推定方法。 - 前記解析結果を表示するステップでは、前記構造物を模擬した3次元モデルに対して有限要素法による弾塑性解析を行う、
請求項1~6の何れかに記載の残留応力推定方法。 - 前記解析結果を表示するステップでは、前記構造物の加工によって生じる応力を、ヘルツ接触理論に基づいて解析する、
請求項1~6の何れかに記載の残留応力推定方法。 - 構造物の計測値を用いることなく、前記構造物に生じるひずみを解析する解析手段と、
前記解析手段による解析結果を表示する表示部と、
前記解析結果に基づいて設定された、残留応力を推定するための解析範囲に関する条件と、前記構造物の残留応力に関する計測値との入力を受け付ける入力部と、
前記解析範囲における前記構造物の固有ひずみを近似するよう、前記入力部により受け付けられた前記解析範囲に関する条件に基づいて、前記計測値を用いて前記解析範囲における固有ひずみの分布を推定する推定手段と、
前記推定手段によって推定された前記固有ひずみの分布に基づく残留応力の推定結果を表示する表示部と、
を備える、
残留応力推定装置。
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