WO2016132815A1 - 窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法 - Google Patents
窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 140
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 78
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004931 aggregating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 25
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylgallium Chemical compound C[Ga](C)C XCZXGTMEAKBVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 2
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- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 6
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/301—AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
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- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
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- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
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- H01L29/02—Semiconductor bodies ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0075—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds comprising nitride compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate made of a nitride semiconductor crystal such as GaN, AlN, InGaN, or InN.
- group III nitride semiconductors have attracted attention as semiconductor materials used for light-emitting elements such as light-emitting diodes and lasers.
- group III nitride semiconductors include GaN and InGaN.
- This nitride semiconductor has a band gap energy corresponding to a wide wavelength range from infrared light to ultraviolet light, and is a light emitting diode (LED) such as blue or green, or a semiconductor laser whose oscillation wavelength is from ultraviolet to infrared.
- LED light emitting diode
- White LEDs that have been put to practical use for energy-saving lighting and are widely available on the market are composed of a combination of a blue LED made of a nitride semiconductor and a yellow fluorescent material.
- a semiconductor laser having a wavelength of 400 to 410 nm made of a nitride semiconductor is used for recording / reading a commercially available high-density DVD (Digital Versatile Disk).
- a semiconductor thin film with good crystallinity is essential.
- a semiconductor element has a structure in which a plurality of single crystal thin films made of the same material as the substrate are stacked on a single crystal substrate. This makes it possible to grow a high-quality single crystal thin film with few defects. Among the defects, dislocations are particularly notable. In an optical element, this dislocation density has a great influence on element characteristics such as light emission efficiency and element lifetime. For example, in a semiconductor laser used for InP-based optical fiber communication, a device life of 100,000 hours, which is a requirement from the system, can be ensured only when the dislocation density is 10 3 / cm 2 or less.
- the equilibrium vapor pressure between the vapor phase and the solid phase of nitrogen (N) is a conventional III-V group semiconductor material, for example, It is several orders of magnitude higher than the equilibrium vapor pressure of phosphorus (P) in InP.
- N a conventional III-V group semiconductor material
- P phosphorus
- a GaN single crystal substrate cannot be produced at low cost.
- Sapphire substrates are currently used for commercially available white LEDs and blue traffic lights. The lattice mismatch between GaN and sapphire is 13.8%, and threading dislocations with a density of 10 8-9 / cm 2 exist in GaN. For this reason, the efficiency of the white LED is only 180 lm / w, which is more than twice that of a fluorescent lamp at present.
- Non-Patent Document 1 In an ultraviolet LED with a wavelength of 260 nm, which is expected as a germicidal lamp, the luminous efficiency is improved as the dislocation density decreases (see Non-Patent Document 1). However, since the band gap difference between the light emitting layer and the carrier injection layer (cladding layer) cannot be increased due to the limitation of the band gap energy inherent to the material, the light emission efficiency has reached its limit.
- nitride semiconductors are expected to have high performance transistors due to the properties of nitride semiconductors.
- lateral transistors that move carriers in parallel to the substrate surface
- HEMT high electron mobility transistors
- threading dislocations reduce the mobility of electrons.
- vertical transistors that move carriers in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface are expected to operate at high voltage and high power. However, since carriers run parallel to threading dislocations, they are more affected by threading dislocations than horizontal transistors. Receive.
- GaN substrate a GaN substrate called a “self-supporting substrate” is commercially available.
- the price of a commercially available GaN free-standing substrate is about 200,000 yen with a diameter of 2 inches.
- This substrate is fabricated through the steps of GaN growth on a single crystal substrate such as GaAs or sapphire, substrate peeling, GaN cutting, and GaN substrate polishing.
- an ultraviolet LED by using this GaN free-standing substrate, it is possible to reduce the dislocation density in the LED structure and improve the light emission efficiency by one digit or more (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- a sapphire substrate is generally used as a growth substrate, and a GaN single crystal thin film having a film thickness of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m is grown on this using a metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method.
- MOVPE metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- the hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) method which is two orders of magnitude faster than the MOVPE method, is used to grow a thick GaN film, and then the growth substrate is removed to form an ingot-like GaN film.
- a GaN free-standing substrate is manufactured by cutting into a thick substrate. At present, ingot-like GaN films are grown with Ga polarity (Group III polarity).
- This polarity is unique to the wurtzite type, which is a hexagonal crystal structure that is a GaN crystal structure that is not in the zinc blend type, which is a cubic crystal structure of GaAs and InP that has been put into practical use. is there.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing polarities when crystals grow in the c-axis direction of the wurtzite type.
- FIG. 5A in the case of Ga (+ C) polar growth, one N atom is captured by one Ga atom.
- FIG. 5B in the N (-C) polarity, one N atom is captured by three Ga atoms.
- N atoms are more easily captured than in the case of Ga polarity growth. Therefore, it can be easily analogized that the state of crystal growth depends on the polarity.
- All commercially available LEDs are manufactured by Ga polar growth. This is because growth is easier than in N-polar growth (see Non-Patent Document 3).
- a state after growth of a thick GaN film for a GaN free-standing substrate manufactured with Ga polarity will be described with reference to FIG.
- a sapphire substrate 601 having a diameter of 2.5 inches is used.
- the surface orientation of the side wall of the grown GaN film 602 becomes ⁇ 1-101 ⁇ or ⁇ 1-102 ⁇ , and the diameter decreases as the film thickness of the GaN film 602 increases.
- the film thickness of the grown GaN film 602 reaches about 7 to 8 mm, the diameter of the uppermost surface is reduced to 2 inches, and no further growth is possible. With this thickness, only about 6 GaN free-standing substrates can be produced. For this reason, the current manufacturing technique has a problem that a high cost is required for manufacturing a single free-standing substrate, and the GaN free-standing substrate becomes expensive.
- the threading dislocation density at the interface between GaN and a substrate such as sapphire is 10 8-9 / cm 2 as described above.
- the threading dislocation density on the surface after growth is 10 5-6 / cm 2 .
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to produce a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate having a low threading dislocation density at a lower cost.
- a nitride semiconductor self-supporting substrate manufacturing method includes a first step of forming a buffer layer made of a nitride semiconductor of GaN, AlN, InGaN, and InN on a main surface of a growth substrate made of crystal.
- a fourth step of forming a boule comprising: a fifth step of removing the growth substrate from the boule; and a sixth step of dividing the boule to produce a plurality of nitride semiconductor free-standing substrates.
- the growth substrate may be made of sapphire.
- the main surface of the growth substrate made of crystals is nitrided before forming the buffer layer, and in the fourth step, the nitride semiconductor is crystal-grown with the main surface set to N polarity. That's fine.
- the growth substrate may be made of ScAlMgO 4 crystals.
- the main surface of the growth substrate made of crystals is nitrided before forming the buffer layer, and in the fourth step, the nitride semiconductor is crystal-grown with the main surface set to N polarity. May be.
- the nitride semiconductor is any one of GaN, InGaN, and InN
- an AlN layer made of AlN is formed on the growth layer, the surface of the formed AlN layer is oxidized, and the surface is After nitriding the surface of the oxidized AlN layer, the nitride semiconductor may be crystal-grown with the main surface having N polarity.
- the surface of the growth layer is oxidized, the surface of the growth layer that has been oxidized is nitrided, and then the nitride semiconductor is in a state where the main surface is N-polar. The crystal may be grown.
- the growth substrate may have a main surface inclined by 0.4 to 1.2 ° from the c-plane.
- the growth substrate is preferably inclined by 0.4 to 1.2 ° from the c plane with the m axis as the rotation axis.
- a boule made of a nitride semiconductor crystal is obtained by crystal growth of a nitride semiconductor of GaN, AlN, InGaN, and InN with the main surface of N polarity. Since it was formed, an excellent effect that a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be produced at a lower cost can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a nitride semiconductor self-supporting substrate manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining another method for fabricating a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining another method for fabricating a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a problem in the case where GaN crystal is grown in a state where the main surface is Ga polarity.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the polarity of the GaN substrate surface.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a state after the growth of thick GaN for a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate manufactured with Ga polarity.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a nitride semiconductor self-supporting substrate manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the main surface of the growth substrate 101 made of crystals is nitrided.
- the growth substrate 101 is made of, for example, sapphire.
- nitriding may be performed in a growth furnace of a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOVPE) apparatus.
- MOVPE metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- the substrate 101 is loaded into the growth furnace and sealed, ammonia gas is supplied into the growth furnace, and the temperature of the substrate 101 is heated to 1050 ° C.
- the flow rate of ammonia gas to be supplied is 5 standard little / min. (Slm), and the pressure in the growth furnace is 86659.3 Pa (650 Torr). In this environment, nitriding is performed for 5 minutes.
- a buffer layer 102 made of GaN is formed on the main surface of the nitrided growth substrate 101.
- the buffer layer 102 that is not a crystal may be formed by a metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method using ammonia and trimethyl gallium (TEG) as raw materials under a low temperature condition of, for example, about 550 ° C.
- MOVPE metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- TMG trimethyl gallium
- the buffer layer 102 may be formed with a thickness of about 20 nm.
- the carrier gas for transporting the raw material into the growth furnace is hydrogen
- the ammonia that is a group V raw material has a flow rate of 5 slm
- the ratio of the ammonia supply amount to the TEG supply amount that is a group III material is 2000.
- a growth furnace pressure of 650 Torr. The growth time is 3 minutes.
- the buffer layer 102 is heated to be single-crystallized, and as shown in FIG. 1C, the crystallization is composed of a plurality of hexagonal columnar growth islands whose top surface is N-polar.
- Layer 103 is formed. For example, it may be heated to about 1050 ° C. in the MOVPE apparatus used for forming the buffer layer 102.
- the growth furnace pressure is 650 Torr
- the gas is supplied with nitrogen gas and ammonia gas
- the processing time is 5 minutes.
- the growth islands are aggregated by promoting growth in a direction parallel to the plane of the growth substrate 101, and a continuous growth layer 103a is formed as shown in FIG.
- the carrier gas for transporting the raw material into the growth reactor is hydrogen
- the ammonia is at a flow rate of 5 slm
- the trimethylgallium (TMG) below Ga is at a V / III ratio of 1500
- the growth reactor pressure is 650 Torr.
- the growth time is 1 hour.
- the growth layer 103a is formed to a thickness of about 1.7 ⁇ m. Since the growth island constituting the crystallized layer 103 has N-polarity on the upper surface side, GaN epitaxially grown also has N-polarity on the growth surface side, and the main surface of the growth layer 103a has N-polarity.
- a boule 104 made of GaN crystal is grown on the growth layer 103a with GaN crystal grown with the main surface being N-polar.
- GaN may be epitaxially grown by using the MOVPE method using ammonia and trimethyl gallium as a source, with each growth island constituting the growth layer 103a as a nucleus.
- the carrier gas for transporting the raw material into the growth furnace is hydrogen (10 slm)
- the flow rate of ammonia is 15 slm
- the trimethylgallium (TMG) below the Ga has a V / III ratio of 1500
- the growth furnace pressure is 650 Torr.
- the growth rate is 7 ⁇ m per hour. Since the growth island has N polarity on the upper surface side, GaN epitaxially grown also has N polarity on the growth surface side. Further, the growth is performed after the flat growth layer 103a has already been formed. Even if the growth rate is increased, GaN can be grown in a flat state.
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- GaN can be epitaxially grown more efficiently by using GaCl 3 instead of GaCl.
- the hydride vapor phase growth method since the growth rate is high, the boule 104 having a desired size (thickness) can be formed in a shorter time.
- the main surface of the growth substrate 101 may be tilted from the c-plane with the m axis as the rotation axis.
- a well-known step flow growth is achieved.
- the step growth can be promoted, and a flat surface where the steps are arranged can be obtained, and the crystallinity is good.
- a Boolean 104 can be formed. In the case of a-axis rotation, step bunching occurs during epitaxial growth, and surface irregularities become severe.
- the growth substrate 101 is removed in the sixth step S106 as shown in FIG.
- the growth substrate 101 may be removed by cutting with an inner peripheral blade or a wire saw to produce the boule 104 in a single state.
- Another method is to irradiate 3rd or 4th wavelength UV light of wavelength YAG laser from the back side of the substrate and absorb the light in the GaN near the substrate to melt and peel the GaN. There is also a way to do it.
- the surface of the boule 104 is processed into a mirror surface by grinding and polishing. Thereafter, in the seventh step S107, as shown in FIG.
- a plurality of nitride semiconductor free-standing substrates 105 are manufactured by cutting out to a desired thickness.
- the boule 104 is cut into a disc shape to produce a plurality of disc-like crystals, and the produced disc-like crystals are mirror-polished to complete the nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate 105.
- a GaN free-standing substrate is produced.
- nitride semiconductor free-standing substrates can be produced from one boules, which is more inexpensive.
- a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be manufactured.
- the main surface is made Ga-polar, but under this condition, the crystal growth grows and the area of the main surface becomes small. For this reason, conventionally, it can only be formed to a thickness of about 7 to 8 mm.
- the main surface is crystal-grown with N polarity, the area of the surface of the growing crystal layer is equal to or larger than the area of the main surface of the growth substrate, so the area of the main surface is reduced. And can be formed thicker. This property depends on the habit of the crystal.
- the film thicker defects such as threading dislocations can be reduced on the surface side of the substrate.
- the dislocation density generated at the interface between the substrate and GaN due to the lattice mismatch between the substrate and GaN decreases as the film thickness increases. This is because two adjacent threading dislocations form a dislocation loop and become one because of the strain present in the crystal.
- the threading dislocation density of 10 8-9 / cm 3 existing at the interface between GaN and the substrate decreases to 10 5-6 / cm 3 when grown to a thickness of 7 to 8 mm. For this reason, the surface of the nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate in the present invention can be in a more crystalline state.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate manufacturing method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the growth substrate is made of sapphire.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be produced more easily and in a more crystalline state.
- a method for manufacturing a nitride semiconductor self-supporting substrate in Embodiment 2 using a growth substrate made of ScAlMgO 4 crystal will be described.
- the main surface of the growth substrate 201 made of ScAlMgO 4 crystal is nitrided.
- a buffer layer 202 made of GaN is formed on the main surface of the nitrided growth substrate 201.
- the buffer layer 202 that is not crystallized may be formed by a MOVPE method using ammonia and trimethylgallium as a source under a low temperature condition of about 550 ° C., for example.
- the buffer layer 202 may be formed with a thickness of about 20 nm.
- the buffer layer 202 is heated to be single-crystallized, and as shown in FIG. 2C, the crystallization is made up of a plurality of growth islands having a hexagonal column shape whose upper surface has N polarity.
- Layer 203 is formed. For example, it may be heated to about 1050 ° C. in the MOVPE apparatus used for forming the buffer layer 202. By this heat treatment, a part of the buffer layer 202 is evaporated (vaporized), and a part thereof is crystallized, so that a plurality of thin hexagonal columnar growth islands are formed. Further, since the main surface of the growth substrate 201 is nitrided, the upper surface of each growth island has N polarity.
- the growth islands are aggregated by promoting the growth in the direction parallel to the plane of the growth substrate 101, and a continuous growth layer 203a is formed as shown in FIG. To do.
- a boule 204 made of GaN crystal is grown on the growth layer 203a with GaN crystal grown in a state where the main surface has N polarity.
- GaN may be epitaxially grown by using the MOVPE method using ammonia and trimethyl gallium as a source, with each growth island constituting the growth layer 203a as a nucleus. Since the growth island has N polarity on the upper surface side, GaN epitaxially grown also has N polarity on the growth surface side.
- GaN is epitaxially grown to some extent by the MOVPE method described above
- GaN is epitaxially grown by HVPE method using GaCl gas and NH 3 gas generated by reacting HCl and Ga source. 204 may be formed.
- the hydride vapor phase growth method since the growth rate is high, the boule 204 having a desired size (thickness) can be formed in a shorter time.
- GaCl 3 may be used instead of GaCl.
- the growth substrate 201 is removed in the sixth step S206 as shown in FIG. Since the growth substrate 201 is made of ScAlMgO 4 crystal, most of the portion can be removed by cleavage. The remaining portion may be dissolved and removed with hydrofluoric acid. By removing the growth substrate 201 in this way, the surface of the obtained boule 204 (growth layer 203a) is not damaged by processing, and an atomic step appears. Thereafter, in a seventh step S207, as shown in FIG. 2G, a plurality of nitride semiconductor free-standing substrates 205 are produced by cutting out (dividing) to a desired thickness.
- the boule 204 is cut into a disc shape to produce a plurality of disc-like crystals, and the produced disc-like crystals are mirror-polished to complete the nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate 205.
- a GaN free-standing substrate is also produced.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate manufacturing method according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Also in the third embodiment, a growth substrate made of ScAlMgO 4 crystal is used.
- a buffer made of GaN is formed on the main surface of the growth substrate 301 without nitriding the main surface of the growth substrate 301 made of ScAlMgO 4 crystal.
- Layer 302 is formed.
- the buffer layer 302 that is not crystallized may be formed by a MOVPE method using ammonia and triethylgallium as a source under a low temperature condition of about 550 ° C., for example.
- the buffer layer 302 may be formed with a thickness of about 20 nm.
- the buffer layer 302 is heated to be single crystallized, and crystallized by a plurality of hexagonal columnar growth islands whose upper surface is made of Ga polarity.
- Layer 303 is formed. For example, it may be heated to about 1050 ° C. in the MOVPE apparatus used for forming the buffer layer 302.
- a part of the buffer layer 302 is evaporated (vaporized), and a part thereof is crystallized to form a plurality of thin hexagonal columnar growth islands.
- the upper surface of each growth island is Ga-polar.
- the growth islands are aggregated by promoting the growth in the direction parallel to the growth substrate surface, and a continuous growth layer 303a is formed as shown in FIG.
- the growth layer 303a has a Ga polarity on the main surface.
- an AlN layer 304 is grown on the growth layer 303a to a thickness of about 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the growth raw material is ammonia and the aluminum raw material trimethylaluminum (TMA).
- TMA trimethylaluminum
- the growth temperature is 1200 ° C. and the growth furnace pressure is 300 Torr.
- a flat AlN layer (Group III polarity) AlN layer 304 is formed.
- the surface of the formed AlN layer 304 is exposed to an oxygen atmosphere to oxidize the surface, and an oxide layer is formed on the surface.
- the surface oxide layer is nitrided.
- GaN is grown again on the AlN layer 304 which is oxidized and subsequently nitrided.
- it may be grown by the MOVPE method.
- MOVPE MOV-polymer vapor deposition
- a GaN film having a main surface of N polarity can be crystal-grown.
- a boule 204 can be obtained as shown in FIG.
- the growth substrate 301 is removed in the sixth step S306 as shown in FIG. Since the growth substrate 301 is made of ScAlMgO 4 crystal, most of the portion can be removed by cleavage. The remaining portion may be dissolved and removed with hydrofluoric acid. By removing the growth substrate 301 in this manner, the surface of the obtained boule 305 (growth layer 203a) is not damaged by processing, and an atomic step appears. Thereafter, in a seventh step S307, as shown in FIG. 3G, a plurality of nitride semiconductor free-standing substrates 306 are produced by cutting out (dividing) into a desired thickness. For example, the boule 305 is cut into a disc shape to produce a plurality of disc-like crystals, and the produced disc-like crystals are mirror-polished to complete the nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate 306.
- GaN is grown with the main surface of N polarity to form a boule made of GaN crystals, so that the diameter of the GaN crystal increases as the thickness of the GaN crystals increases. Since the film thickness is not limited and a GaN boule that is much thicker than that of Ga polarity can be grown, a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be produced at a lower cost. Further, by using a growth substrate made of ScAlMgO 4 crystal, the growth substrate can be removed very easily as described above.
- the lattice mismatch of ScAlMgO 4 crystal with GaN is ⁇ 1.9, which is very small compared to 13.8 in the case of sapphire. For this reason, the dislocation density in the obtained nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be reduced.
- the ScAlMgO 4 crystal was formed as compared with the case where a sapphire substrate was used as shown in Table 1 below, both in the case where all were grown by the MOVPE method and the case where a part was grown by the hydride vapor phase growth method. When it is used, the dislocation density is lower.
- the boules made of GaN crystals are formed by crystal growth of GaN with the main surface set to N polarity, so that the boules can be formed to a desired thickness.
- a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be manufactured at a lower cost.
- the growth substrate from ScAlMgO 4 crystals, a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be manufactured more easily and at a lower cost.
- the thickness of the GaN boule can be 20 cm, and in this case, the threading dislocation density can be 10 3 / cm 2 . This value is equivalent to the case of GaAs and InP that have been put into practical use, and is effective in improving the device life.
- the dislocation density in the obtained nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate can be reduced.
- a nitride semiconductor free-standing substrate with a lower dislocation density it is possible to produce a long-life laser, increase the brightness of the light-emitting diode, improve the light-emitting efficiency of the light-emitting diode with an emission wavelength in the ultraviolet region, and increase the output power of the transistor. Can be realized.
- an AlN, InGaN, or InN free-standing substrate can be manufactured by the same method as described above.
- InGaN is suitable because it has the smallest lattice constant difference from ScAlMgO 4 .
Abstract
Description
はじめに、本発明の実施の形態1について説明する。図1は、本発明の実施の形態1における窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法を説明するための説明図である。
次に、本発明の実施の形態2について、図2を用いて説明する。図2は、本発明の実施の形態2における窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法を説明するための説明図である。前述した実施の形態1では、成長基板をサファイアから構成する場合について説明したが、これに限るものではない。成長基板は、ScAlMgO4の結晶から構成することで、より容易に、かつより結晶性のよい状態で窒化物半導体自立基板が作製できるようになる。以下、ScAlMgO4の結晶からなる成長基板を用いた実施の形態2における窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法について説明する。
次に、本発明の実施の形態3における他の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法について、図3を用いて説明する。図3は、本発明の実施の形態3における窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法を説明するための説明図である。実施の形態3においても、ScAlMgO4の結晶からなる成長基板を用いる。
Claims (8)
- 結晶からなる成長基板の主表面上に、GaN、AlN、InGaN、およびInNのいずれかの窒化物半導体からなるバッファ層を形成する第1工程と、
前記バッファ層を加熱して単結晶化し、上面がN極性とされた六角柱状の複数の成長島からなる結晶化層を形成する第2工程と、
前記成長基板の平面に平行な方向への成長を促進させることにより前記成長島を凝集させて連続した成長層を形成する第3工程と、
前記成長層の上に、主表面をN極性とした状態で前記窒化物半導体を結晶成長して前記窒化物半導体の結晶からなるブールを形成する第4工程と、
前記ブールより前記成長基板を取り除く第5工程と、
前記ブールを分割して複数の窒化物半導体自立基板を作製する第6工程と
を備えることを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。 - 請求項1記載の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法において、
前記成長基板は、サファイアから構成されていることを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。 - 請求項2記載の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法において、
前記第1工程では、前記バッファ層を形成する前に結晶からなる成長基板の主表面を窒化することで、前記第4工程で、主表面をN極性とした状態で前記窒化物半導体を結晶成長する
ことを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。 - 請求項1記載の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法において、
前記成長基板は、ScAlMgO4の結晶から構成されていることを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。 - 請求項4記載の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法において、
前記第1工程では、前記バッファ層を形成する前に結晶からなる成長基板の主表面を窒化することで、前記第4工程で、主表面をN極性とした状態で前記窒化物半導体を結晶成長する
ことを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。 - 請求項4記載の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法において、
窒化物半導体は、GaN、InGaN、InNのいずれかであり、
前記第4工程では、前記成長層の上にAlNからなるAlN層を形成し、形成した前記AlN層の表面を酸化し、表面を酸化した前記AlN層の表面を窒化した後、主表面をN極性とした状態で前記窒化物半導体を結晶成長する
ことを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。 - 請求項4記載の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法において、
窒化物半導体は、AlNであり、
前記第4工程では、前記成長層の表面を酸化し、表面を酸化した前記成長層の表面を窒化した後、主表面をN極性とした状態で前記窒化物半導体を結晶成長する
ことを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。 - 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法において、
前記成長基板は、主表面がc面より0.4~1.2°傾斜していることを特徴とする窒化物半導体自立基板作製方法。
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