WO2006087958A1 - 窒化物半導体材料および窒化物半導体結晶の製造方法 - Google Patents
窒化物半導体材料および窒化物半導体結晶の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006087958A1 WO2006087958A1 PCT/JP2006/302179 JP2006302179W WO2006087958A1 WO 2006087958 A1 WO2006087958 A1 WO 2006087958A1 JP 2006302179 W JP2006302179 W JP 2006302179W WO 2006087958 A1 WO2006087958 A1 WO 2006087958A1
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- nitride semiconductor
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 224
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 200
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910052594 sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010980 sapphire Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002704 AlGaN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001947 vapour-phase growth Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910005540 GaP Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910007709 ZnTe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004943 liquid phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003465 moissanite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007741 pulsed electron deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004549 pulsed laser deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium;zinc Chemical compound [Se]=[Zn] SBIBMFFZSBJNJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc oxide Inorganic materials [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 148
- 238000002248 hydride vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 14
- XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorogallium Chemical compound [Ga]Cl XOYLJNJLGBYDTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005389 semiconductor device fabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/52—Controlling or regulating the coating process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B25/00—Single-crystal growth by chemical reaction of reactive gases, e.g. chemical vapour-deposition growth
- C30B25/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B25/18—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
- C30B29/406—Gallium nitride
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/0242—Crystalline insulating materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/02433—Crystal orientation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/0257—Doping during depositing
- H01L21/02573—Conductivity type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/0262—Reduction or decomposition of gaseous compounds, e.g. CVD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/0257—Doping during depositing
- H01L21/02573—Conductivity type
- H01L21/02581—Transition metal or rare earth elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
- H01L33/0062—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds
- H01L33/0066—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound
- H01L33/007—Processes for devices with an active region comprising only III-V compounds with a substrate not being a III-V compound comprising nitride compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nitride semiconductor material suitably used for a semiconductor device.
- the present invention also relates to a method for producing a nitride semiconductor crystal useful for producing the nitride semiconductor material.
- a compound semiconductor (hereinafter referred to as a “nitride semiconductor”) that includes at least one element of Ga, Al, B, As, In, P, or Sb and N in its composition has a band. It is known to be promising as a semiconductor material for light emitting / receiving devices because it has a wide gap of 1.9 to 6.2 eV and a wide band gap energy from ultraviolet to visible.
- the general formula is B Al Ga In N (0 ⁇ x ⁇
- Nitride semiconductor devices are mainly formed using sapphire as a growth substrate.
- GaN films provided on sapphire substrates and light-emitting diodes using nitride semiconductor films thereon have been put on the market. .
- the lattice mismatch ratio between the sapphire substrate and GaN is as large as about 16%, and the defect density of the GaN film grown on the sapphire substrate has reached 10 9 ⁇ : L0 1Q cm 2 .
- Such a high defect density was the cause of shortening the lifetime of blue semiconductor lasers formed on sapphire substrates.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 when a nitride semiconductor is grown on a substrate on which a nitride semiconductor can be grown, the crystal thickness is reduced by increasing the film thickness.
- a thick GaN film is formed on a sapphire substrate, cracks and cracks occur in the GaN, and the underlying substrate force GaN peels off (see Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).
- Non-patent Document 3 and Patent Documents 1 to 4 the most ideal substrate that can be used for producing the GaN film is also a GaN substrate.
- GaN has an extremely high equilibrium vapor pressure of nitrogen compared to Ga, it is difficult to grow a crystal using the conventional pulling method.
- a thick GaN film is grown on a substrate having a different material strength from that of a nitride semiconductor, that is, a substrate having a different material strength (for example, sapphire substrate, SiC substrate, Si substrate, GaAs substrate, etc., hereinafter referred to as “different substrate”).
- a substrate having a different material strength for example, sapphire substrate, SiC substrate, Si substrate, GaAs substrate, etc., hereinafter referred to as “different substrate”.
- the GaN substrate produced by these methods cannot be said to be sufficiently stable in terms of crystal uniformity and stability, and the price is also higher than that of the conventional sapphire substrate. .
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-10-173288
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-316498
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-200366
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-184696
- Patent Document 5 Special Publication 2004-508268
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-256662
- Patent Document 7 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-293697
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-7616
- Non-Patent Document 1 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 32 (1993) pl528
- Non-Patent Document 2 Vaudo, R.P. et al., Proceedings Electrochemical Society, 1999 98-18 p79-86
- Non-Patent Document 3 Crystal Properties and Preparation 32-34 (1991) pl54
- the present invention provides a nitride semiconductor material useful as a substrate for a nitride semiconductor device, in which the nitride semiconductor crystal is excellent in uniformity and stability while having a certain thickness, and the manufacturing cost is low. It was an issue to provide.
- the present invention also has a certain thickness. It is possible to provide a method for producing a nitride semiconductor crystal in which the growth surface is formed as a single surface without cracking or cracking even if grown on the substrate, without peeling off the underlying substrate force, and requiring a surface polishing step. It was an issue.
- the present inventors have found that the present invention having the following configuration can solve the problem.
- the present invention is a nitride semiconductor material having a first nitride semiconductor layer group on a semiconductor or dielectric substrate, wherein the surface of the first nitride semiconductor layer group has an RMS of 5 nm or less, and an X-ray
- the variation of the half width of the first nitride semiconductor layer group is 25% or less, the reflectance of light on the surface is 15% or more, the variation is ⁇ 10% or less, and the thickness of the first nitride semiconductor layer group is 25%.
- a nitride semiconductor material having a thickness of ⁇ m or more.
- the present invention provides the following (1) or (2) when growing a nitride semiconductor crystal on a substrate.
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention has a good crystallinity with few dislocation defects present in the crystal and a good surface flatness, and thus has a thickness advantageous for semiconductor device fabrication. Yes.
- a nitride semiconductor material can be produced in large quantities and at low cost by a conventional growth apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged photograph of a GaN crystal formed on a sapphire substrate in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an in-plane distribution of half width by X-ray diffraction (0002) of the surface of the GaN crystal formed in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a graph comparing the PL intensity on the surface of the GaN layer formed in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of a preferred reactor for carrying out the production method of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a side sectional view showing that a polycrystalline body is formed in a reactor. 4 and 5, 1 is a substrate, 2 is a rotating shaft, 3 is a susceptor, and 4 is a polycrystalline gallium nitride.
- nitride semiconductor material and the method for producing a nitride semiconductor crystal of the present invention will be described in detail.
- the following description of the constituent elements may be made based on typical embodiments of the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to such embodiments.
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention has a first nitride semiconductor layer group on a semiconductor or dielectric substrate.
- the expression “B layer formed on A” t is expressed by the case where the B layer is formed so that the bottom surface of the B layer is in contact with the top surface of A and the top surface of A is 1 This includes both cases where the above layers are formed and B layer is formed on the layers. In addition, the above expression also includes the case where the upper surface of A and the bottom surface of B layer are in partial contact, and there are one or more layers between A and B layers in other portions. Regarding specific embodiments, the following description of the substrate and each layer and the specific power of the examples are also clear.
- the semiconductor or dielectric substrate that can be used in the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention is usually one having a diameter of 2 cm or more and capable of growing a first nitride semiconductor layer group described later on the surface.
- the type is not particularly limited.
- a substrate having a crystal structure belonging to a cubic system or a hexagonal system is preferable.
- the cubic substrate include Si, GaAs, InGaAs, GaP, InP, ZnSe, ZnTe, and CdTe.
- the hexagonal substrate sapphire, SiC, GaN, spinel, ZnO, or the like can be used. Particularly preferred, the substrate is sapphire.
- the specific shape of the semiconductor or dielectric substrate is not particularly limited as long as the diameter is 2 cm or more.
- the diameter is 2 cm or more means that a circle having a diameter of 2 cm can be cut out, and the shape of the substrate may not be circular. Absent. For example, a rectangle with a side of 2 cm or more may be used. This diameter is preferably
- the thickness of the substrate is not limited as long as it does not interfere with handling during production and use, and is usually 100 / zm to lmm, preferably 200 to 750 ⁇ m, more preferably 300 to 500 ⁇ m. is there.
- an off-substrate can be used.
- the surface on which the nitride semiconductor material is grown is an (ABCD) plane or (ABCD) plane (where A, B, C, and D are natural numbers).
- the angle of slight inclination is usually 0 to 10 °, preferably 0 to 0.50 °, more preferably 0 to 0.20 °.
- a sapphire substrate whose (0001) surface force is slightly inclined in the m-axis direction can be preferably used.
- the a (11-20) plane, the r (1102) plane, the m (1-100) plane, and equivalent planes thereof can be preferably used.
- the equivalent plane here refers to the case where the crystallographic arrangement of the atoms becomes the same when rotated by 90 ° in the cubic system and 60 ° in the hexagonal system.
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention is characterized by having a first nitride semiconductor layer group on a semiconductor or dielectric substrate.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer group may be composed of a single layer, or may be composed of a plurality of layers. When it is composed of multiple layers, it is composed of multiple layers made of different materials, or it is composed of layers with different growth conditions so as to change the growth temperature and growth rate even with the same material. It may be the case. Further, each layer constituting the first nitride semiconductor layer may include, for example, a layer in which the mixed crystal ratio of A1 or In changes continuously in the GaN layer.
- Each layer constituting the first nitride semiconductor layer group may be doped.
- the carrier concentration is usually lxl0 17 cm— 3 to lxl0 19 cm— 3 , preferably 5xl0 17 cm— 3 to 5xl0 18 cm—
- the first nitride semiconductor layer group includes n-type GaN
- the n-type GaN preferably includes at least one element of silicon, oxygen, or carbon.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer group includes semi-insulating GaN
- the first nitride semiconductor layer group includes at least one element of Fe, Cr, C, or Zn.
- the thickness of the first nitride semiconductor layer group is usually 25 ⁇ m or more, preferably 25 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 30 to 300 m, further preferably 50 to 250 m, and even more preferably 10 It is 0 to 200 ⁇ m, specially for girls.
- the first nitride semiconductor layer group preferably has no spatial periodicity of defect density in the in-plane direction.
- the surface of the first nitride semiconductor layer group has an RMS of 5 nm or less, preferably 3 nm or less, more preferably 1 nm or less, and even more preferably 0.8 nm or less.
- RMS here represents the surface roughness, and the smaller the value, the better the surface.
- the RMS in the present invention is measured by calculating the root mean square from data obtained by measuring the surface roughness of 10 ⁇ m square by AFM.
- the surface of the first nitride semiconductor layer group is preferably composed of the same type of crystal face (facet) and does not include different types of crystal faces. That is, it is preferable to have no crystal plane other than the crystal plane grown early!
- the crystal plane other than the initial growth plane of the first layer formed on the second nitride semiconductor layer described later is formed last. It means that the surface of the layer does not have.
- the surface does not have a crystal plane other than the crystal plane that was initially grown means that the surface has only the same crystal plane as the crystal plane from which growth has started, otherwise a different crystal plane, such as C
- a-plane and! Plane and m-plane are generated, and when these different crystal planes are visually observed by tilting the wafer at various angles, It can be confirmed from here that light is reflected.
- the surface of the first nitride semiconductor layer group has an X-ray half-width fluctuation within ⁇ 30%, preferably within ⁇ 20%, more preferably within ⁇ 10%, and even more preferably ⁇ Within 5%, particularly preferably within ⁇ 1%.
- the half-width of the X-ray can be measured by a commonly used X-ray diffraction.
- the fluctuation of the half width of the X-ray here means that the surface of the first nitride semiconductor layer group is selected at five or more places as shown in FIG. It can be obtained by calculating the value obtained by dividing the minimum difference 1Z2 by the average value.
- the variation in light reflectance on the surface of the first nitride semiconductor layer group is within ⁇ 10%, preferably within ⁇ 8%, more preferably within ⁇ 5%, and even more preferably ⁇ 3. Within%, Particularly preferably, it is within ⁇ 1%.
- the reflectance of light can be measured by a commonly used reflectance measuring device.
- the fluctuation of the light reflectivity here means that the surface of the second nitride semiconductor layer group is selected at five or more locations, the half width of the X-ray is measured, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is 1Z2. It can be obtained by calculating the value divided by the average value.
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention may have a second nitride semiconductor layer group between the semiconductor or dielectric substrate and the first nitride semiconductor layer group.
- Specific examples of nitride semiconductors that make up the second nitride semiconductor layer group include In Ga N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ l), Al Ga N (0 ⁇ y
- Each layer constituting the second nitride semiconductor layer may have a mixed crystal ratio or the like continuously changing.
- the second nitride semiconductor layer group preferably has no spatial periodicity of defect density with respect to the in-plane direction of the substrate.
- the second nitride semiconductor layer group may be composed of a single layer or may be composed of a plurality of layers. If it is composed of multiple layers, for example, a layer containing A1 or In may be inserted into the GaN layer as a single layer, or it may be composed of a superlattice of GaN and AllnGaN! /. Or a structure in which dislocations generated due to the difference in lattice constant are reduced, for example, the lattice constant difference generated between the substrate and the substrate, rather than the lattice constant difference generated between the material constituting the surface of the second layer. It's big! It can be a structure with ⁇ material inserted! ⁇ .
- the second nitride semiconductor layer group may exhibit a single conductivity type or a plurality of different conductivity types.
- the n-type GaN preferably includes at least one element of silicon, oxygen, or carbon.
- the second nitride semiconductor layer group includes P-type GaN, it is preferable that the second nitride semiconductor layer group includes at least one element of Zn or Mg.
- the thickness of the second nitride semiconductor layer group is usually 1 to 50 111, preferably 2 to: LO / z m, more preferably 3 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the total thickness of the first nitride semiconductor layer group and the second nitride semiconductor layer group is usually 11 to 55.
- 0 m preferably 30-350 ⁇ m, more preferably 50-250 ⁇ m, even more preferably
- the method for producing the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention having such characteristics is not particularly limited, but will be specifically described below with reference to preferred production methods.
- the case where the second nitride semiconductor layer is provided will be described.
- a second nitride semiconductor layer is grown on the substrate.
- the growth of the second nitride semiconductor layer may be vapor phase growth or liquid phase growth, but is preferably vapor phase growth.
- any of metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE), pulsed laser deposition, pulsed electron deposition, hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), molecular beam epitaxy, or liquid phase epitaxy MOVPE
- MOVPE metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- HVPE hydride vapor phase epitaxy
- molecular beam epitaxy molecular beam epitaxy
- liquid phase epitaxy preferably carried out by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy or hydride vapor phase epitaxy.
- a first nitride semiconductor layer is further grown on the formed second nitride semiconductor layer.
- the growth method of the first nitride semiconductor layer may be a hydride vapor phase growth method or a liquid phase growth method.
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention is manufactured using a process in which a nitride semiconductor crystal is grown on a substrate by flowing gas from an angle of 45 to 90 ° with respect to the normal of the substrate surface. It is particularly preferable to produce the same. That is, when the second nitride semiconductor layer group and the first nitride semiconductor layer group are grown on the substrate, it is preferable to flow the gas at the above angle.
- the second nitride semiconductor layer group and the first nitride semiconductor layer group are more preferable to grow all the layers constituting the first nitride semiconductor layer group. It is particularly preferable to grow all the layers constituting the mononitride semiconductor layer group.
- the angle at which the gas flows is more preferably 60 to 90 °, more preferably 70 to 90 °, and particularly preferably 80 to 90 ° with respect to the normal line of the substrate surface.
- the present invention it is preferable to grow a plurality of nitride semiconductor layers by flowing gas at an angle with respect to the normal to the substrate surface.
- the growth initiation force of the nitride semiconductor crystal of the first nitride semiconductor layer is controlled. It is particularly preferable to improve surface properties.
- the growth should be done to satisfy at least one of the following two conditions, preferably both.
- the growth rate of the second nitride semiconductor layer is preferably set to 5 mZh or less.
- the crystallinity of the growth initiation force of the nitride semiconductor is markedly increased.
- the growth rate is set to 30 mZh at the start of growth of the first nitride semiconductor layer, the growth rate gradually decreases as the growth progresses, and growth occurs when the film thickness grows far beyond 200 ⁇ m.
- the speed decreases to below 20 ⁇ mZh and tends to be constant thereafter.
- it is constant at about 5-20 / ⁇ ⁇ . This decrease in the growth rate is thought to have the effect of flattening the surface that is slightly roughened at the initial growth rate where the growth rate is high.
- the temperature of the substrate end on the upstream side with respect to the gas flow and the downstream It is preferable to provide a temperature difference between the substrate end portions on the side. Specifically, it is preferable to increase the temperature on the upstream side and decrease the temperature on the downstream side.
- the temperature difference between the upstream side and the downstream side when the length of the board (the upstream edge force and the distance to the downstream edge) is 15 cm is usually 10 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably 15 ° C to 75 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 45 ° C.
- the temperature difference per unit length of the substrate is usually 0.5 ° CZcm to 10.0 ° C Zcm, preferably 0.67 ° CZcm to 6.7 ° CZcm, and more preferably 1. It is 0 ° C / cm to 5.0 ° CZcm, particularly preferably 1.3 ° CZcm to 3.0 ° CZcm.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a preferred reactor example for producing the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention.
- the substrate 1 is placed on a polygonal pyramid-shaped susceptor 3 having a rotating shaft 2 as shown in the figure, and the rotating gas 2 is rotated in the direction of the arrow while a mixed gas of an upper force salt gallium and ammonia. Inflow.
- the mixed gas first comes into contact with the top of the susceptor 3, flows downward from the top along the side surface of the susceptor 3, and flows further down on the substrate 1.
- a polycrystalline body 4 of gallium nitride is formed at the top and in the vicinity thereof, as shown in FIG. 5, and a mixed gas passing through the polycrystalline body flows into the substrate 1.
- a structure capable of forming a polycrystal may be installed on the top of the susceptor 3.
- a cap that does not overlap the substrate (wafer) can be installed.
- Such a cap preferably does not interfere with the wafer and can be removed and replaced.
- the height of the polygonal pyramidal susceptor is usually 8. Ocn! ⁇ 20.0 cm, preferably 9. Ocm to 15. Ocm, more preferably 10. Ocm to 13. Ocm.
- the shape of the bottom surface of the susceptor having a polygonal pyramid shape is preferably designed to be a polygon inscribed in a circle having a diameter in the following range. That is, the diameter of the inscribed circle is usually 40 cm to 80 cm, preferably 50 cm to 75 cm, more preferably 60 cm to 70 cm.
- the substrate is placed at a position where the polycrystalline gallium nitride 4 shown in FIG. 5 does not come into contact with the substrate during manufacturing.
- the substrate is placed at a position 1 cm below the top: LO cm, preferably 2 cm to 8 cm, more preferably 3 cm to 4 cm.
- the rotation speed of the susceptor is usually 5 to 30 rpm, preferably 5 to 20 rpm, more preferably 5 to 15 rpm.
- a salty hydrogen gas can be mixed in a mixed gas supplied into the reactor.
- the salty hydrogen gas may continue to flow at a constant flow rate from the start to the end of the growth, or may be changed as the growth proceeds.
- the preferred embodiment is a mode in which the flow rate of the salty hydrogen gas is reduced with the growth of the polycrystalline gallium nitride formed at and near the top of the susceptor. That is, at the start of growth, it is particularly preferable to flow as much as possible to suppress the formation of polycrystals and gradually decrease the flow rate as the growth proceeds.
- the base substrate force that does not crack or break even with a thick film of about 200 ⁇ m does not peel off, and the surface is glossy Therefore, it is possible to form a surface in which the growth surface is a single surface without requiring a polishing step. Since it does not require a polishing step, it is possible to greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and manufacturing time, and it is excellent in that it can be used as it is in subsequent processes.
- the nitride semiconductor material obtained by the present invention can be used in various fields. For example, it is useful as a substrate for a nitride semiconductor device, and a nitride semiconductor device can be provided by forming a semiconductor layer as a third layer group on the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention.
- a layer having a function of an element, a resistance to electric current, a capacitor for electric charge, an inductance for electric current, an ultrasonic wave propagation element or an optical interaction generating element, or a function in which these elements are integrated is designated as the second layer group and the second layer group. It can be provided on a single layer.
- a layer for the purpose of improving light extraction or the like can be further formed thereon as the fourth layer group.
- the element itself may be assembled in the direction opposite to the growth direction (for example, flip chip).
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention can be used as a thick layer group necessary as a base of the element.
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention can be used as various substrates by peeling off the first nitride semiconductor layer by a substrate, for example, a sapphire substrate force laser peeling method or the like. . Of course, it can be applied to various forms other than the forms described so far.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 / zm, and the surface was concentrated on cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects. Normally, when growing so thick, an n-pyramidal defect usually occurs in a large surface with a diameter of 5 cm or more. This wafer had no such defects and had a mirror surface, and crystal planes other than the crystal plane grown in the early stage were not observed.
- the full width at half maximum of the wafer center (b in Fig. 2) by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 183.1 (arcaec).
- the point a was 185.5 (arcaec).
- the point was 202.8 (arcaec)
- the point d was 188.0 (arcaec)
- the point e was 189.7 (arcaec)
- the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 6%.
- the RMS value of the grown surface was 0.7 nm.
- the intensity of the peak of the band edge emission was measured by PL (photoluminescence) measurement on the surface, it was found that a 200 ⁇ m thick film was grown against a 3 ⁇ m film (Fig. 3 (b)) grown by the MOVPE method.
- the GaN film (Fig. 3 (a)) showed 70 times the emission intensity.
- the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 19.6%
- the variation in the plane was 7.4%.
- An undoped AlGaN layer of 3 ⁇ m was grown by MOVPE on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 m.
- the substrate on which the AlGaN layer was grown was placed in the HVPE apparatus so that the substrate surface was parallel to the gas flow (so that the gas flow angle was 90 ° with respect to the normal of the substrate surface).
- the growth conditions for the HVPE method were set as follows.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 m, and the surface was concentrated on cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects. Normally, when growing so thick, the force that n-pyramid defects usually occur in a large surface with a diameter of 5 cm or more. This wafer has no such defects and is mirror-finished. Not observed.
- the half-width by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 200 (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 10%.
- the RMS value of the surface was 0.8 nm.
- the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 16.2%, and the variation in the plane was 9.0%.
- An undoped GaN layer with a thickness of 1.5 m is formed on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) by a MOVPE method on a 430 m thick sapphire (0001) substrate, and an InGaN layer and a GaN layer are formed thereon.
- a superlattice buffer layer was formed by inserting 5 layers (5 layers each) of lOnm films alternately, and an undoped GaN layer with a thickness of 1 was grown thereon.
- the substrate was installed in the HVPE equipment so that the substrate was parallel to the gas flow (the gas flow angle was 90 ° with respect to the normal of the substrate surface).
- the growth conditions for the HVPE method were set as follows.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 200 m, and the surface was concentrated in the presence of cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- the full width at half maximum by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 185 (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 10%.
- the RMS value of the surface was lnm.
- the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 16.8%, and the variation in the plane was 9.4%.
- An undoped GaN layer with a thickness of 1.5 m is formed on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 m by the MOVPE method, and an AlGaN layer and a GaN layer are formed on it.
- an undoped GaN layer having a thickness of 1.5 m was formed thereon. After that, it was placed in an HVPE apparatus and placed so that the angle of gas flow was 80 ° with respect to the normal of the substrate surface, and a GaN layer was grown.
- the growth conditions for the HVPE method were set as follows.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 m, and the surface was concentrated in the presence of cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- the force that n-pyramid defects usually occur in a large surface with a diameter of 5 cm or more is not a defect in this wafer, and it is a mirror surface. It was unobservable power.
- the half-width by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 150 (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 10%.
- the RMS value of the surface was lnm.
- the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 16.2%, and the variation in the plane was 9.4%.
- An undoped GaN layer with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 m by the MOVPE method.
- the GaN layer was grown with the gas flow angle set to 80 ° with respect to the normal.
- the growth conditions for the HVPE method were set as follows.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 m, and the surface was concentrated in the presence of cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- the full width at half maximum by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 170 (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 10%.
- the RMS value of the surface was lnm, and the carrier concentration of the thick film was 2 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 17.8%, and the variation in the plane was 8.5%.
- a 3 ⁇ m thick Si-doped GaN layer was grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 m by the MOVPE method.
- the GaN layer was grown by installing the gas flow at an angle of 80 ° to the normal.
- the growth conditions for the HVPE method were set as follows.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 m, and the surface was concentrated on cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- the force that n-pyramid defects usually occur in a large surface with a diameter of 5 cm or more is not a defect in this wafer, and it is a mirror surface. It was unobservable power.
- the full width at half maximum by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 180 (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 10%.
- the RMS value of the surface was lnm, and the carrier concentration of the thick film was 2 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 19.5%, and the variation in the plane was 8.8%.
- An undoped GaN layer with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was grown on a sapphire (11-20) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 ⁇ m by the MOVPE method.
- the GaN layer was grown with the gas flow angle set to 80 ° with respect to the normal.
- the growth conditions for the HVPE method were set as follows.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 m, and the surface was concentrated in the presence of cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- the force that n-pyramid defects usually occur in a large surface with a diameter of 5 cm or more is not a defect in this wafer, and it is a mirror surface. It was unobservable power.
- the full width at half maximum by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 250 (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 10%.
- the RMS value of the surface was lnm, and the carrier concentration of the thick film was 2 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- An undoped GaN layer with a thickness of 3 m was grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 ⁇ m by HVPE, and then a GaN layer was grown with the HVPE device under the following conditions did. At this time, since the undoped GaN layer was grown, the substrate was set so that the gas flow angle was 80 ° with respect to the normal of the substrate surface.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 m, and the surface was concentrated on cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- the force that n-pyramid defects usually occur in a large surface with a diameter of 5 cm or more is not a defect in this wafer, and it is a mirror surface. It was unobservable power.
- the half-width by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 185 (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 10%.
- the RMS value of the surface was lnm, and the carrier concentration of the thick film was 2 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 .
- a 3 m thick p-type (Mg) -doped GaN layer was grown by the MOVPE method. After that, the substrate was placed in the HVPE device, and the GaN layer was grown by placing it so that the gas flow angle was 75 ° with respect to the normal of the substrate surface.
- the growth conditions for the HVPE method were set as follows.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 170 m, and the surface was concentrated on cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- the force that n-pyramid defects usually occur in a large surface with a diameter of 5 cm or more is not a defect in this wafer, and it is a mirror surface. It was unobservable power.
- the full width at half maximum of the wafer center by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 183. l (arcaec), and the in-plane variation was within ⁇ 6%.
- the RMS value of the grown surface was 0.7 nm.
- the GaN film of 200 ⁇ m thickness was 70 times the emission intensity of the 3 ⁇ m film grown by the MOVPE method. showed that . Furthermore, the reflectance of the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 18.5%, and the variation in the plane was less than 10%.
- the HC1 partial pressure is set to 84.4 Pa (8.
- the crystal of the grown GaN layer had a thickness of 110 / zm, and the surface was concentrated on cracks, cracks and spatially periodic defects.
- This wafer was a mirror surface, and no crystal planes other than the crystal plane grown in the initial stage were observed.
- the half-width of the wafer center (b in Fig. 2) by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 226. O (arcaec).
- the in-plane variation was ⁇ 15%.
- the RMS value of the grown surface was 0.7 nm.
- the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the halogen lamp was 19.5%, and the variation in the surface was 10.0%.
- a GaN layer with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 ⁇ m, using a disk-rotating MOCVD apparatus. Furthermore, gas is applied perpendicularly to the substrate surface by the HVP E method (the angle of the gas flow with respect to the normal of the substrate surface).
- HVP E method the angle of the gas flow with respect to the normal of the substrate surface.
- the full width at half maximum by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 170 (arcaec) near the center, and the in-plane variation was more than ⁇ 10.
- the RMS value of the surface was lnm near the center. No, the reflectance of 365nm light on the wafer surface by the Rogen lamp is 16.5%, and the variation in the plane is 20.8%.
- a GaN layer with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was grown on a sapphire (0001) substrate with a diameter of 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a thickness of 430 ⁇ m, using a disk-rotating MOCVD apparatus.
- the half-width of the grown GaN layer crystal by X-ray diffraction (0002) was 300 (arcaec).
- a GaN film with a thickness of 25 m was grown by applying a gas perpendicular to the substrate by the HVP E method, a part of the surface of the grown GaN film was cloudy and the defect density of the mirror surface was 2 X It was as large as 10 8 cm 2 .
- the nitride semiconductor material of the present invention is extremely useful as a substrate for a nitride semiconductor device and the like because it has a certain degree of thickness and is excellent in uniformity and stability.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention is used, such a nitride semiconductor material can be manufactured in a large amount and at a low cost by a conventional growth method / apparatus, and can be provided at a lower cost than a free-standing substrate. Probability is high.
- the present invention can be suitably applied to light emitting diodes, semiconductor lasers and the like, particularly blue and white light emitting devices, chips and modules using the light emitting devices, and semiconductor devices such as electronic devices.
Abstract
Description
Claims
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US11/816,553 US20090026488A1 (en) | 2005-02-21 | 2006-02-08 | Nitride semiconductor material and production process of nitride semiconductor crystal |
EP06713322A EP1852897A4 (en) | 2005-02-21 | 2006-02-08 | NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR CRYSTAL |
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EP (1) | EP1852897A4 (ja) |
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DE102005021099A1 (de) * | 2005-05-06 | 2006-12-07 | Universität Ulm | GaN-Schichten |
US8094431B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2012-01-10 | General Electric Company | Methods for improving the dielectric properties of a polymer, and related articles and devices |
CN104641453B (zh) | 2012-10-12 | 2018-03-30 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Iii族氮化物复合衬底及其制造方法以及制造iii族氮化物半导体器件的方法 |
JP6688109B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-25 | 2020-04-28 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 面発光素子、外部共振器型垂直面発光レーザー、および面発光素子の製造方法 |
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JP2019077601A (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-23 | 古河機械金属株式会社 | Iii族窒化物半導体基板、及び、iii族窒化物半導体基板の製造方法 |
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KR20070110041A (ko) | 2007-11-15 |
EP1852897A1 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
EP1852897A4 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
US20090026488A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
CN101138073A (zh) | 2008-03-05 |
TW200644082A (en) | 2006-12-16 |
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