WO2016132630A1 - スイッチング素子駆動回路 - Google Patents
スイッチング素子駆動回路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016132630A1 WO2016132630A1 PCT/JP2015/084606 JP2015084606W WO2016132630A1 WO 2016132630 A1 WO2016132630 A1 WO 2016132630A1 JP 2015084606 W JP2015084606 W JP 2015084606W WO 2016132630 A1 WO2016132630 A1 WO 2016132630A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/04—Modifications for accelerating switching
- H03K17/041—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0412—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
- H03K17/04123—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in field-effect transistor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/16—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents
- H03K17/161—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches
- H03K17/162—Modifications for eliminating interference voltages or currents in field-effect transistor switches without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/163—Soft switching
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/04—Modifications for accelerating switching
- H03K17/041—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
- H03K17/0412—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
- H03K17/04126—Modifications for accelerating switching without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit in bipolar transistor switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switching element drive circuit that applies a drive signal to a control terminal of a switching element to drive the switching element.
- switching elements such as FET (Field Effect Transistor) and IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) operate by receiving a drive signal so as to generate a potential difference between a gate terminal (control terminal) and a source terminal. .
- FET Field Effect Transistor
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- this power loss is proportional to the switching frequency, when the switching frequency is increased, the power loss of the drive circuit that drives the switching element increases, resulting in an increase in the size of the power source of the circuit and the drive circuit. May occur.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a gate drive circuit including a parallel resonance circuit in order to suppress the influence of this parasitic capacitance.
- the gate drive circuit includes an inductor so as to form a parallel resonance circuit with a parasitic capacitance, and also includes a rectifier circuit that determines a flow direction so as to reciprocate charges between the inductor and the parasitic capacitance.
- the rectifier circuit is provided with a switch (switching element) for controlling current flow and interruption (see FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1 above).
- a similar configuration is also described in US Patent Application Publication No. US2012 / 0176176A1 (Patent Document 2). In these gate drive circuits, energy exchange is basically performed between the parasitic capacitance and the inductor, so that power loss is reduced.
- the drive signal of Patent Document 1 is a positive / negative bipolar signal having a positive / negative potential symmetrical to a reference potential.
- some MOSFETs using silicon carbide (SiC) have a lower withstand voltage of a negative potential than a positive potential with respect to a reference potential. For this reason, when the SiC-MOSFET is driven by such a positive / negative bipolar signal drive signal, a positive / negative bipolar signal having an asymmetric positive / negative potential with respect to the reference potential may be required.
- the drive signal of Patent Document 1 is a positive / negative bipolar signal having a symmetric positive / negative potential with respect to the reference potential
- the current reciprocating between the parasitic capacitance and the inductor is also substantially equal (for example, the first of Patent Document 1). (See Figure 3).
- the power consumption and current consumption of the positive power supply and the negative power supply constituting the power supply of the drive pulse are substantially the same.
- the drive signal is a positive / negative bipolar signal that is asymmetric with respect to the reference potential
- the current reciprocating between the parasitic capacitance and the inductor also becomes uneven.
- the power source of the drive pulse is a positive / negative bipolar power source
- the power consumption and current consumption of the positive power source and the negative power source are also uneven. For this reason, it may be possible to reduce power loss to some extent, but there is a possibility that the load on the drive circuit that drives the switching element and the power supply that supplies power to the drive circuit may increase.
- it may be necessary to use components with high proof strength depending on the magnitude of current consumption, or procurement costs may increase due to the use of components with different specifications on the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side.
- an unintended undershoot or the like may occur in the waveform of the drive signal of the switching element, which may exceed the withstand voltage of the gate terminal (control terminal) of the switching element to be driven.
- the power loss of the drive circuit that drives the switching element using a positive / negative bipolar signal having a positive / negative potential asymmetric with respect to the reference potential as a drive signal is reduced, and the load balance in the drive circuit is less biased. It is desired to provide a technique configured as described above.
- the switching element driving circuit in view of the above is A switching element driving circuit for driving the main switching element by providing a driving signal to a control terminal of a main switching element having a source terminal or an emitter terminal as a ground terminal and a reference potential connected to the ground terminal;
- An inductor having one terminal connected to the control terminal side and the other terminal connected to the reference potential side;
- a first current path in which a first rectifying element and a first switch having a forward direction from the control terminal side to the reference potential side are connected in series;
- a second current path in which a second rectifying element having a forward direction from the reference potential side to the control terminal side and a second switch are connected in series;
- a rectifier circuit in which the first current path and the second current path are connected in parallel and the inductor are connected in series to form a resonance control circuit,
- the resonance control circuit is connected between the control terminal and the reference potential so that a parasitic capacitance between the control terminal and the ground terminal in the main switching element and the resonance control circuit constitute a resonance
- the drive signal of the main switching element reduces the power loss due to the parasitic capacitance by exchanging energy in the parallel resonance circuit composed of the parasitic capacitance and the inductor.
- the effect of the parallel resonant circuit is very effective when the drive signal is a positive / negative bipolar signal symmetric with respect to the reference potential.
- the drive signal is an asymmetrical positive / negative bipolar signal
- a direct current component resulting from the asymmetric amplitude of the drive signal with respect to the reference potential affects the resonance circuit.
- the DC component can be canceled by the bias potential.
- the power loss of the drive circuit that drives the main switching element using the positive and negative bipolar signals having asymmetrical positive and negative potentials with respect to the reference potential as drive signals is reduced, and the load balance in the drive circuit is less biased.
- Explanatory diagram showing the principle of bias potential setting Schematic circuit diagram showing another configuration example of the gate drive circuit Waveform diagram showing an example of changes in the waveform of the gate drive signal Waveform diagram showing an example of changes in the waveform of the current flowing through the resonance coil
- FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit block diagram showing a basic configuration of a gate drive circuit (switching element drive circuit), and FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a gate drive circuit according to this basic configuration. It is.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic circuit block diagram showing a comparative example corresponding to FIG.
- the gate drive circuit 1 is a circuit that applies the drive signal SP to the control terminal of the main switching element TR with the main switching element TR as a driving target.
- a MOS (MetalTROxide Semiconductor) type FET is illustrated as the main switching element TR, and the control terminal is a gate terminal.
- the main switching element TR is connected in the form of a source grounding circuit having a source terminal as a grounding terminal.
- the connection form is a form of a grounded emitter circuit using the emitter terminal as a ground terminal.
- a reference potential Vref generally referred to as ground is connected to the source terminal or the emitter terminal.
- the ground terminal will be described simply as a source terminal.
- the main switching element TR is an IGBT or the like, the source terminal can be read as the emitter terminal in each description.
- the drive signal SP is a bipolar signal having a potential in both positive and negative directions with respect to the reference potential Vref.
- the main switching element TR transitions from the off state to the on state by applying a predetermined voltage between the gate and the source.
- the threshold voltage for state transition is close to the reference potential Vref connected to the source terminal, there is a possibility that the main switching element TR transitions to the ON state due to external noise or the like.
- the main switching element TR can be stably turned off by applying a potential lower than the reference potential Vref.
- a MOSFET using silicon carbide (SiC) is an element having a relatively low threshold voltage. Therefore, when the main switching element TR is a SiC-MOSFET, it is preferable to use such a bipolar signal as the drive signal SP.
- the gate drive circuit 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a power supply circuit PS that is a bipolar power supply in order to generate a drive signal SP of a bipolar signal.
- a positive power supply BP and a negative power supply BN are connected in series, and the connection point is a reference potential Vref. That is, the positive power source BP provides a positive potential (positive potential Vcc) to the gate drive circuit 1 with respect to the reference potential Vref, and the negative power source BN has a negative potential (negative potential Vee) with respect to the reference potential Vref. Is provided to the gate driving circuit.
- the reference potential Vref is zero, and the power supply circuit PS provides a voltage of “
- ) of the positive electrode potential Vcc with respect to the reference potential Vref is different from the absolute value (
- ” the absolute value (
- the drive signal SP is preferably a bipolar signal.
- some SiC-MOSFETs have a lower withstand voltage on the negative electrode side than that on the positive electrode side.
- ) of the positive electrode potential Vcc with respect to the reference potential Vref is greater than the absolute value (
- a drive signal SP of a bipolar signal is generated by a positive / negative bipolar power supply (power supply circuit PS) larger than
- the drive signal generation circuit 2 generates a drive signal SP having a voltage amplitude in a range provided by the power supply circuit PS based on a timing signal TP from a control device (not shown) such as a microcomputer.
- the drive signal generation circuit 2 is configured by connecting an upper-stage switch 21 connected to the positive electrode of the power supply circuit PS and a lower-stage switch 22 connected to the negative electrode of the power supply circuit PS in series.
- a drive signal SP having a state where the signal level becomes the positive potential Vcc and a state where the signal level becomes the negative potential Vee is generated.
- the drive signal SP is input to the gate terminal of the main switching element TR through the current limiting resistor R3.
- FIG. 2 shows a specific circuit configuration example of the drive signal generation circuit 2.
- the two switches (21, 22) of the drive signal generation circuit 2 are constituted by bipolar transistors.
- the upper stage side switch 21 is an NPN type transistor
- the lower stage side switch 22 is a PNP type transistor.
- the NPN transistor and the PNP transistor are exclusively turned on.
- both transistors are controlled so as not to be turned on simultaneously.
- the resistors R21 and R22 are resistors that define a current flowing between the collector and the emitter of the transistor as the switch (21, 22).
- the resistor R20 and the capacitor C20 constitute an integrating circuit.
- the output of the integration circuit is input to the control terminal (here, the base terminal of the transistor) of the switch (21, 22).
- ⁇ Capacitance takes time.
- the capacitor C20 is discharged through the base-emitter of one of the upper-stage switch 21 and the lower-stage switch 22 without passing through the resistor R20.
- the time when the potential of the drive signal SP changes from the positive potential Vcc is almost synchronized with the fall of the timing signal TP.
- the time when the potential of the drive signal SP changes from the negative potential Vee is also substantially synchronized with the rising edge of the timing signal TP.
- the time when the potential of the drive signal SP becomes the positive potential Vcc and the time when the potential of the drive signal SP becomes the negative potential Vee are equal to the time constant ⁇ . Only late. Therefore, the potential of the drive signal SP changes from the positive potential Vcc to a high impedance (Hi-Z) state almost in synchronization with the falling edge of the timing signal TP.
- the potential of the drive signal SP changes from the negative potential Vee to the Hi-Z state almost in synchronization with the rise of the timing signal TP.
- the gate drive circuit 1 according to the present embodiment generates electrical vibration by the resonance circuit as described below in this Hi-Z state.
- a parasitic capacitance PC exists between the gate and the source of a switching element such as an FET, although the order is [nF] to [pF].
- An n-channel FET as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is turned on by applying a positive voltage to the gate terminal with respect to the source terminal. That is, the drive signal SP rises from the low potential state to the high potential state. At this time, the energy of the drive signal SP is used to charge the parasitic capacitance PC, causing power loss. Further, the rise of the drive signal SP is delayed, for example, due to the charging of the parasitic capacitance PC. When the switching frequency for switching on / off of the main switching element TR is increased, the power loss caused by the parasitic capacitance PC cannot be ignored.
- the gate drive circuit 1 is provided with a resonance coil L1 (inductor) so as to constitute a parallel resonance circuit with the parasitic capacitance PC.
- the resonance coil L1 has one terminal connected to the gate terminal (control terminal) side and the other terminal connected to the reference potential Vref side.
- This parallel resonance circuit is configured in such a manner that the resonance control circuit 3 including the resonance coil L1 and the parasitic capacitance PC are connected in parallel.
- the resonance control circuit 3 is configured by connecting a rectifier circuit 4 and a resonance coil L1 in series.
- the rectifier circuit 4 is configured by connecting a first current path 41 and a second current path 42 that allow flow in opposite directions to each other in parallel.
- the first current path 41 includes a first rectifier element D1 and a first switch S1 connected in series with a forward direction from the gate terminal (control terminal) side to the reference potential Vref side. . That is, the first current path 41 is a current path that allows energy transfer from the parasitic capacitance PC to the resonance coil L1.
- the second current path 42 is configured by connecting in series a second rectifying element D2 and a second switch S2 whose forward direction is from the reference potential Vref side to the gate terminal (control terminal) side. . That is, the second current path 42 is a current path that allows energy transfer from the resonance coil L1 to the parasitic capacitance PC.
- the switches (S1, S2) connected in series to the rectifying elements (D1, D2) are constituted by FETs in this embodiment.
- the timing signal TP is input to the gate terminals of the FETs constituting the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 via a current limiting resistor.
- the first switch S1 is a p-channel FET
- the second switch S2 is an n-channel FET.
- the p-channel FET and the n-channel FET are exclusively turned on.
- the n-channel FET constituting the second switch S2 When the timing signal TP rises from the low state to the high state, the n-channel FET constituting the second switch S2 is turned on, and the second current path 42 is allowed to flow. Since the second current path 42 is a current path that allows energy transfer from the resonance coil L1 to the parasitic capacitance PC, the parasitic capacitance PC is charged by the energy of the resonance coil L1, and the gate terminal of the main switching element TR is The potential rises.
- the drive signal SP After the timing signal TP rises, the drive signal SP is in the Hi-Z state until the time corresponding to the time constant ⁇ described above has elapsed. Therefore, the main switching element TR is driven by the energy of the resonance coil L1 until the time corresponding to the time constant ⁇ elapses after the timing signal TP rises. After the time corresponding to the time constant ⁇ has elapsed, power is supplied from the power supply circuit PS (in this case, the positive power supply BP) via the drive signal generation
- the p-channel FET constituting the first switch S1 When the timing signal TP falls from the high state to the low state, the p-channel FET constituting the first switch S1 is turned on, and the first current path 41 is allowed to flow. Since the first current path 41 is a current path that allows energy transfer from the parasitic capacitance PC to the resonance coil L1, the energy charged in the parasitic capacitance PC moves to the resonance coil L1.
- the drive signal SP is in the Hi-Z state until the time corresponding to the time constant ⁇ described above has elapsed. Therefore, after the timing signal TP falls, until the time corresponding to the time constant ⁇ elapses, the potential of the gate terminal of the main switching element TR falls due to the energy moving to the resonance coil L1.
- the gate terminal After the time corresponding to the time constant ⁇ elapses, the gate terminal is connected to the power supply circuit PS (in this case, the negative power supply BN) via the drive signal generation circuit 2, and the potential of the gate terminal drops and the main switching element TR is turned off.
- the power supply circuit PS in this case, the negative power supply BN
- the gate drive circuit 1 is further provided with a bias circuit 5.
- the bias circuit 5 sets the potential of the terminal opposite to the gate terminal side in the resonance control circuit 3 to a bias potential Vb different from the potential of the source terminal of the main switching element TR.
- Vb bias potential
- the bias potential Vb is a potential in the positive direction with respect to the potential (reference potential Vref) of the source terminal of the main switching element TR.
- the power supply circuit PS which is a positive / negative bipolar power supply, is an asymmetrical power supply whose positive and negative absolute values are not the same as in this embodiment, the appropriate bias potential Vb is set as described above. The effect by the resonance circuit can be enhanced.
- FIG. 15 shows a circuit 100 of a comparative example corresponding to FIG. 1 showing the circuit block of the present embodiment.
- the circuit 100 of the comparative example has a configuration in which the resonance control circuit 3 is connected to the reference potential Vref except for the bias circuit 5 from the gate drive circuit 1 shown in FIG.
- Such a circuit configuration of the circuit 100 of the comparative example can be easily inferred from FIG.
- the difference between the gate drive circuit 1 of the present embodiment and the circuit 100 of the comparative example that is, the difference depending on the presence or absence of the bias circuit 5 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- 3 to 5 show simulation results when the specification of the power supply circuit PS is “
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show simulation results when the specification of the power supply circuit PS is “
- the reference potential Vref is zero.
- 3 and 6 show the waveform of the drive signal SP
- FIGS. 4 and 7 show the waveform of the current flowing through the resonance coil L1
- FIG. 5 shows the waveform of the current flowing through the power supply circuit PS.
- Show. 3 and 6 the solid line indicates the drive signal SP of the gate drive circuit 1 configured as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the broken line indicates the drive signal SP of the circuit 100 of the comparative example configured as shown in FIG. .
- the solid line indicates the current flowing through the resonance coil L1 of the gate drive circuit 1 configured as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and the broken line indicates the resonance coil L1 of the circuit 100 of the comparative example as illustrated in FIG. The flowing current is shown.
- FIG. 5 will be described later.
- the gate drive circuit 1 having the bias circuit 5 eliminates the delay of the drive signal SP, and the waveform has a shape closer to a rectangular group.
- the magnitudes of positive and negative currents flowing through the resonant coil L1 of the circuit 100 of the comparative example are not uniform. That is, the current (positive current) flowing from the parasitic capacitance PC to the resonance coil L1 is larger than the current (negative current) flowing from the resonance coil L1 to the parasitic capacitance PC. For this reason, at the rise of the drive signal SP, the energy for charging the parasitic capacitance PC is insufficient, and the rise is delayed.
- the drive signal SP of the circuit 100 of the comparative example has a distorted waveform due to the loss of symmetry. Note that energy that is insufficient to charge the parasitic capacitance PC is compensated from the power supply circuit PS.
- the magnitudes of positive and negative currents flowing through the resonance coil L1 are substantially equal. That is, the energy for charging the parasitic capacitance PC is substantially equivalent to the energy discharged from the parasitic capacitance PC. For this reason, as compared with the drive signal SP of the circuit 100 of the comparative example, the delay in the rise is eliminated, and the delay is caused in the rise.
- the drive signal SP of the gate drive circuit 1 of the present embodiment has a waveform with little distortion without breaking the symmetry. Note that the charge reciprocating between the parasitic capacitance PC and the resonance coil L1 is reduced by the impedance in the circuit. Energy that is deficient due to such a decrease in charge is compensated from the power supply circuit PS.
- FIG. 5 shows a waveform of a current flowing through the power supply circuit PS.
- the waveforms shown in the upper and second stages indicate the current flowing through the power supply circuit of the gate drive circuit 1 of the present embodiment, the solid line indicates the current flowing through the negative power supply BN, and the broken line indicates the current flowing through the positive power supply BP. .
- the waveforms shown in the third and lower stages indicate the current flowing through the power supply circuit of the circuit 100 of the comparative example, the third dot-and-dash line indicates the current flowing through the negative power supply BN, and the third dot-and-dash line indicates the positive power supply.
- the electric current which flows through BP is shown.
- the energy for charging the parasitic capacitance PC is insufficient at the rising edge of the drive signal SP, and is compensated from the positive power supply BP. Therefore, a large current flows through the positive power source BP. On the other hand, at the falling edge of the drive signal SP, since there is no shortage of energy, almost no current flows through the negative power source BN.
- the gate drive circuit 1 of the present embodiment as described above, the energy for charging the parasitic capacitance PC and the energy discharged from the parasitic capacitance PC are substantially equivalent. For this reason, the currents flowing through the positive power supply BP and the negative power supply BN are substantially equivalent.
- the current flowing through the resonance coil L1 is not deflected in either the positive or negative direction. Accordingly, the maximum amplitude of the current flowing through the positive power supply BP and the negative power supply BN is also approximately half that of the circuit 100 of the comparative example in the gate drive circuit 1 of the present embodiment.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show the simulation results when the voltage ratio between the positive power supply BP and the negative power supply BN, that is, “
- the drive signal SP of the circuit 100 of the comparative example is more symmetric than that of FIG. 3, and has a distorted waveform having a large undershoot (voltage surge) and a large vibration caused by the undershoot. It has become.
- the drive signal SP of the gate drive circuit 1 of the present embodiment is excellent in symmetry and has a waveform close to a rectangular wave, as in FIG.
- the difference between the magnitudes of the positive and negative currents flowing through the resonance coil L1 of the circuit 100 of the comparative example is further larger than that in FIG.
- the energy for charging the parasitic capacitance PC is further insufficient, resulting in a large delay in the rise.
- the energy of the parasitic capacitance PC is discharged more than necessary, so that there is no delay, and the potential of the drive signal SP is lowered more than necessary, causing undershoot.
- the drive signal SP of the circuit 100 of the comparative example has a distorted waveform due to the loss of symmetry.
- the waveform of the drive signal SP is close to a symmetrical rectangular wave, and the main switching element TR can be controlled stably.
- the burden on the power supply circuit PS can be reduced.
- the loads of the positive power supply BP and the negative power supply BN can be made equal. Therefore, it is not necessary to increase the specifications of either the positive or negative power source, and an increase in component procurement costs can be suppressed.
- the burden on one of the positive and negative power sources becomes large and the possibility of affecting one of the lifetimes is reduced, so that a decrease in the reliability of the gate drive circuit 1 can be suppressed.
- the bias potential Vb set by the bias circuit 5 is a potential at which the charge of the parasitic capacitance PC that changes with the change of the potential of the gate terminal by the drive signal SP is balanced.
- FIG. 8 shows the bias potential Vb set in this way.
- the bias potential Vb is preferably a gate voltage when the charge of the parasitic capacitance PC becomes “Qc”. With this potential as the center of vibration, electrical vibration is generated, so that the current flowing through the resonance coil L1 is balanced in both positive and negative directions.
- the bias potential Vb is set by voltage division between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2.
- the voltage divider circuit 6 sets an initial value of the bias potential Vb.
- the voltage dividing circuit 6 includes a resistor R1 and a resistor so that the resistance divided potential “(R1 ⁇
- the value of the device R2 is set.
- the bias circuit 5 when the bias circuit 5 includes the bias capacitor C1, the bias potential Vb moves to the optimum point after the main switching element TR starts switching.
- the impedance of the voltage dividing circuit 6 is high. Therefore, for this reason, it is preferable that the resistors R1 and R2 have a large resistance value of approximately 100 [k ⁇ ] or more.
- the bias potential Vb moves to the optimum point by the action of the bias capacitor C1. Therefore, it is not necessary for the voltage dividing circuit 6 to set the resistance voltage dividing potential exactly according to the conditions shown in FIG. Since the main switching element TR has individual differences, the electrostatic capacitance of the parasitic capacitance PC also varies depending on the main switching element TR. There are also individual differences in the inductance of the resonant coil L1. Therefore, the potential set by the voltage dividing circuit 6 may be different from the ideal bias potential Vb. If it is set to a value close to the bias potential Vb to some extent, it is possible to reduce the time for the bias capacitor C1 to converge to the optimum potential.
- the potential set by the voltage dividing circuit 6 may be a midpoint between Vcc and Vee.
- the bias potential Vb is compared with the ratio (
- ) is a value close to 1: 1.
- FIG. 9 shows another configuration example of the gate drive circuit 1.
- the bias circuit 5 includes the voltage dividing circuit 6 and the bias capacitor C1.
- the bias circuit 5 is configured by only the bias capacitor C1.
- the voltage dividing circuit 6 sets the initial value of the bias potential Vb.
- the potential on the reference potential Vref side of the resonance coil L1 can be quickly set to the bias potential Vb after the power is turned on.
- the voltage dividing circuit 6 is not provided, as shown in FIG. 10, after the gate drive circuit 1 starts operation, the potential on the reference potential Vref side of the resonance coil L1 is changed to the bias potential by the action of the bias capacitor C1. Move to the optimum value of Vb.
- the current flowing through the resonance coil L1 is unbalanced immediately after the power is turned on, but is balanced in both positive and negative directions as the bias potential Vb moves.
- the drive signal SP is applied to the gate terminal (control terminal) of the main switching element TR having the source terminal or the emitter terminal as the ground terminal, and the reference potential Vref is connected to the ground terminal, and the main switching element TR.
- the gate drive circuit 1 switching element drive circuit for driving the gate drive circuit 1 reduces the power loss of the gate drive circuit 1 due to the parasitic capacitance PC at the gate terminal of the main switching element TR, and reduces the load balance in the circuit.
- the gate drive circuit 1 includes a resonance coil L1 (inductor), a first current path 41, and a second current path.
- the resonance coil L1 (inductor) has one terminal connected to the gate terminal side and the other terminal connected to the reference potential Vref side.
- the first current path 41 includes a first rectifier element D1 and a first switch S1 that are connected in series with the direction from the gate terminal side to the reference potential Vref side as a forward direction.
- the second current path 42 is configured by connecting a second rectifying element D2 and a second switch S2 in series with a forward direction from the reference potential Vref side to the gate terminal side.
- the “reference potential Vref side” is also established when the circuit connection destination is changed from “reference potential Vref” to “bias potential Vb”.
- the bias potential Vb sets an offset with respect to a target potential
- the bias potential Vb sets an offset with the reference potential Vref as a target potential. Therefore, “the side of the bias potential Vb” is equivalent to “the side of the reference potential Vref”.
- the rectifier circuit 4 in which the first current path 41 and the second current path 42 are connected in parallel and the resonance coil L1 are connected in series to form the resonance control circuit 3.
- the resonance control circuit 3 is connected between the control terminal and the reference potential Vref so that the parasitic capacitance PC between the gate terminal and the ground terminal in the main switching element and the resonance control circuit 3 constitute a resonance circuit.
- the gate drive circuit 1 includes a bias circuit 5 that sets the potential of the terminal opposite to the gate terminal in the resonance control circuit 3 to a bias potential Vb different from the reference potential Vref.
- the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are exclusively turned on, and the first current path 41 and the second current path 42 are exclusively allowed to flow.
- the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are switched according to the timing at which the signal level of the drive signal SP transitions, and resonance is generated between the resonance coil L1 and the parasitic capacitance PC.
- the gate drive circuit 1 is not limited to the above-described form, and may be realized by various modifications.
- FIG. 12 shows still another configuration example of the gate drive circuit 1.
- the bias circuit 5 may be configured by connecting a parallel circuit of a resistor and a capacitor in series between the positive potential Vcc and the negative potential Vee. Specifically, it may be configured by a series circuit of a parallel circuit of a resistor R1 and a capacitor C11 and a parallel circuit of a resistor R2 and a capacitor C12.
- the gate drive circuit 1 may be configured as shown in FIG. In other words, the configuration in which the bias circuit 5 is configured only by the voltage dividing circuit 6 using a resistor is not disturbed. As described above, there is a possibility that the accurate bias potential Vb cannot be set in the voltage dividing circuit 6 using a resistor. However, if a bias having a value close to the ideal bias potential Vb can be applied, the imbalance of the current flowing through the resonance coil L1 can be corrected. And the asymmetry of the drive signal SP can also be reduced.
- the drive signal SP is a bipolar signal having both positive and negative potentials with respect to the reference potential Vref.
- the power supply circuit which is a bipolar power supply
- PS the power supply circuit
- the parasitic capacitance PC at the gate terminal of the main switching element TR is The drive signal SP may be affected.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a configuration example of the gate drive circuit 1 corresponding to FIG.
- the bias potential Vb in the positive direction with respect to the reference potential Vref is not limited to the positive direction with respect to the reference potential Vref, but may be in the negative direction.
- the direction of the bias potential Vb with respect to the reference potential Vref depends on the relationship between the difference between the reference potential Vref and the positive electrode potential Vcc, the difference between the reference potential Vref and the negative electrode potential Vee, and the charge charged / discharged with respect to the parasitic capacitance PC. It depends on the potential to be balanced.
- the switching element drive circuit (1) A drive signal (SP) is applied to a control terminal of a main switching element (TR) having a source terminal or an emitter terminal as a ground terminal and a reference potential (Vref) is connected to the ground terminal, and the main switching element (TR) is A switching element driving circuit (1) for driving, An inductor (L1) having one terminal connected to the control terminal and the other terminal connected to the reference potential (Vref); A first current path (41) in which a first rectifier element (D1) and a first switch (S1) having a forward direction from the control terminal side to the reference potential (Vref) side are connected in series.
- a second current path (42) in which a second rectifier element (D2) and a second switch (S2) are connected in series with the direction from the reference potential (Vref) side to the control terminal side as a forward direction.
- a rectifier circuit (4) in which the first current path (41) and the second current path (42) are connected in parallel and the inductor (L1) are connected in series to form a resonance control circuit (3).
- the resonance control circuit (3) is configured such that a parasitic capacitance (PC) between the control terminal and the ground terminal in the main switching element (TR) and the resonance control circuit (3) constitute a resonance circuit. Connected between the control terminal and the reference potential (Vref); Furthermore, the resonance control circuit (3) includes a bias circuit (5) for setting the potential of the terminal opposite to the control terminal to a bias potential (Vb) different from the reference potential (Vref). .
- the drive signal (SP) of the main switching element (TR) reduces the power loss due to the parasitic capacitance (PC) by energy exchange in the parallel resonance circuit composed of the parasitic capacitance (PC) and the inductor (L1). Is done.
- the effect of the parallel resonant circuit is very effective when the drive signal (SP) is a positive / negative bipolar signal symmetric with respect to the reference potential (Vref).
- the drive signal (SP) is an asymmetrical positive / negative bipolar signal
- a direct current component resulting from the asymmetric amplitude of the drive signal (SP) with respect to the reference potential (Vref) affects the resonance circuit.
- the DC component can be canceled by the bias potential (Vb).
- the power loss of the drive circuit (1) for driving the main switching element (TR) is reduced and the drive is performed using a positive / negative bipolar signal having an asymmetric positive / negative potential with respect to the reference potential (Vref) as a drive signal (SP).
- the load balance in the circuit (1) can be reduced.
- the bias potential (Vb) is a ratio (
- ) is preferably a potential close to 1: 1.
- the bias potential (Vb) corresponds to an electrical midpoint between the positive electrode potential (Vcc) and the negative electrode potential (Vee) when viewed from the resonance circuit. Therefore, if the ratio of the absolute value of the positive electrode potential (Vcc) and the absolute value of the negative electrode potential (Vee) with respect to the bias potential (Vb) is close to 1: 1, the direct current component that affects the resonance circuit is reduced. Can be made.
- the bias circuit (5) includes a bias capacitor (C1) connected between a terminal on the ground terminal side of the resonance control circuit (3) and the reference potential. Is preferred.
- the direct current component resulting from the asymmetric amplitude of the drive signal (SP) with respect to the reference potential (Vref) is absorbed by the bias capacitor (C1). Since the amplitude center of the drive signal (SP) moves by the bias potential (Vb) with respect to the reference potential (Vref), the DC component is cancelled.
- the bias circuit (5) includes a voltage dividing circuit (6) that generates the bias potential (Vb).
- Vb the bias potential
- the bias potential (Vb) is a potential at which the charge of the parasitic capacitance (PC) that changes in accordance with a change in the potential of the control terminal due to the drive signal (SP) is balanced.
- the bias potential (Vb) is thus determined, the bias potential (Vb) corresponding to the characteristics of the main switching element (TR), that is, the parasitic capacitance (PC), can be set appropriately.
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Abstract
Description
ソース端子又はエミッタ端子を接地端子とし、当該接地端子に基準電位が接続された主スイッチング素子の制御端子に駆動信号を与えて、前記主スイッチング素子を駆動するスイッチング素子駆動回路であって、
一方の端子が前記制御端子の側に接続され、他方の端子が前記基準電位の側に接続されたインダクタと、
前記制御端子の側から前記基準電位の側への方向を順方向とする第1整流素子と第1スイッチとが直列に接続された第1電流路と、
前記基準電位の側から前記制御端子の側への方向を順方向とする第2整流素子と第2スイッチとが直列に接続された第2電流路と、を有し、
前記第1電流路と前記第2電流路とが並列接続された整流回路と、前記インダクタとが直列接続されて共振制御回路が構成され、
前記主スイッチング素子における前記制御端子と前記接地端子との間の寄生容量と前記共振制御回路とが共振回路を構成するように、前記共振制御回路が前記制御端子と前記基準電位との間に接続され、
さらに、前記共振制御回路における、前記制御端子の側とは反対側の端子の電位を、前記基準電位とは異なるバイアス電位に設定するバイアス回路を備える。
つまり、駆動信号SPは、低電位状態から高電位状態へと立ち上がることになる。この際、駆動信号SPのエネルギーが寄生容量PCを充電するために使用され、電力損失が生じる。また、寄生容量PCの充電によって、例えば駆動信号SPの立ち上がりが遅れる。主スイッチング素子TRのオン・オフを切換えるスイッチング周波数が高くなると、寄生容量PCに起因する電力損失が無視できなくなる。
時定数τに対応する時間が経過した後は、駆動信号生成回路2を介して、電源回路PS(この場合は正極電源BP)から電力が供給されて主スイッチング素子TRが駆動される。
また、共振コイルL1と寄生容量PCとの間での、安定した電気振動を実現することができるので、電源回路PSへの負担も軽減することができる。また、電源回路PSが正負両極性の電源を用いて構成される場合に、正極電源BPと負極電源BNとの負荷を均等にすることができる。従って、正負何れかの電源の仕様を高くする必要がなく、部品の調達コストの上昇を抑制することができる。また、正負何れかの電源の負担が大きくなって一方の寿命に影響する可能性も低くなり、ゲート駆動回路1の信頼性の低下を抑制することができる。
以下、スイッチング素子駆動回路(ゲート駆動回路(1))のその他の実施形態について説明する。尚、以下に説明する各実施形態の構成は、それぞれ単独で適用されるものに限られず、矛盾が生じない限り、他の実施形態の構成と組み合わせて適用することも可能である。
以下、上記において一例として示したスイッチング素子駆動回路(1)の概要について簡単に説明する。
ソース端子又はエミッタ端子を接地端子とし、当該接地端子に基準電位(Vref)が接続された主スイッチング素子(TR)の制御端子に駆動信号(SP)を与えて、前記主スイッチング素子(TR)を駆動するスイッチング素子駆動回路(1)であって、
一方の端子が前記制御端子の側に接続され、他方の端子が前記基準電位(Vref)の側に接続されたインダクタ(L1)と、
前記制御端子の側から前記基準電位(Vref)の側への方向を順方向とする第1整流素子(D1)と第1スイッチ(S1)とが直列に接続された第1電流路(41)と、
前記基準電位(Vref)の側から前記制御端子の側への方向を順方向とする第2整流素子(D2)と第2スイッチ(S2)とが直列に接続された第2電流路(42)と、を有し、
前記第1電流路(41)と前記第2電流路(42)とが並列接続された整流回路(4)と、前記インダクタ(L1)とが直列接続されて共振制御回路(3)が構成され、
前記主スイッチング素子(TR)における前記制御端子と前記接地端子との間の寄生容量(PC)と前記共振制御回路(3)とが共振回路を構成するように、前記共振制御回路(3)が前記制御端子と前記基準電位(Vref)との間に接続され、
さらに、前記共振制御回路(3)における、前記制御端子の側とは反対側の端子の電位を、前記基準電位(Vref)とは異なるバイアス電位(Vb)に設定するバイアス回路(5)を備える。
3 :共振制御回路
4 :整流回路
5 :バイアス回路
6 :分圧回路
41 :第1電流路
42 :第2電流路
C1 :バイアスコンデンサ
D1 :第1整流素子
D2 :第2整流素子
L1 :共振コイル(インダクタ)
PC :寄生容量
S1 :第1スイッチ
S2 :第2スイッチ
SP :駆動信号
TR :主スイッチング素子
Vb :バイアス電位
Vref :基準電位
Claims (5)
- ソース端子又はエミッタ端子を接地端子とし、当該接地端子に基準電位が接続された主スイッチング素子の制御端子に、前記基準電位に対して非対称な正負電位を有する駆動信号を与えて、前記主スイッチング素子を駆動するスイッチング素子駆動回路であって、
前記基準電位に対して正側の正極電位を提供する正極電源と、前記正側の電位とは絶対値が異なる負側の負極電位を前記基準電位に対して提供する負極電源とを備え、前記基準電位に対して正負が非対称な正負両極電源である電源回路と、
一方の端子が前記制御端子の側に接続され、他方の端子が前記基準電位の側に接続されたインダクタと、
前記制御端子の側から前記基準電位の側への方向を順方向とする第1整流素子と第1スイッチとが直列に接続された第1電流路と、
前記基準電位の側から前記制御端子の側への方向を順方向とする第2整流素子と第2スイッチとが直列に接続された第2電流路と、を有し、
前記第1電流路と前記第2電流路とが並列接続された整流回路と、前記インダクタとが直列接続されて共振制御回路が構成され、
前記主スイッチング素子における前記制御端子と前記接地端子との間の寄生容量と前記共振制御回路とが共振回路を構成するように、前記共振制御回路が前記制御端子と前記基準電位との間に接続され、
さらに、前記共振制御回路における、前記制御端子の側とは反対側の端子の電位を、前記基準電位とは異なるバイアス電位に設定するバイアス回路を備える、スイッチング素子駆動回路。 - 前記バイアス電位は、前記正極電位の絶対値と、前記負極電位の絶対値との比に比べて、前記正極電位と前記バイアス電位との電位差の絶対値と、前記負極電位と前記バイアス電位との電位差の絶対値との比が1対1に近い請求項1に記載のスイッチング素子駆動回路。
- 前記バイアス回路は、前記共振制御回路の前記接地端子の側の端子と前記基準電位との間に接続されたバイアスコンデンサを含む請求項1又は2に記載のスイッチング素子駆動回路。
- 前記バイアス回路は、前記バイアス電位を生成する分圧回路を含む請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載のスイッチング素子駆動回路。
- 前記バイアス電位は、前記駆動信号による前記制御端子の電位の変化に伴って変化する前記寄生容量の電荷が平衡する電位である請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載のスイッチング素子駆動回路。
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