WO2016132514A1 - 蓄電システム、蓄電制御方法、および蓄電制御プログラム - Google Patents
蓄電システム、蓄電制御方法、および蓄電制御プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016132514A1 WO2016132514A1 PCT/JP2015/054650 JP2015054650W WO2016132514A1 WO 2016132514 A1 WO2016132514 A1 WO 2016132514A1 JP 2015054650 W JP2015054650 W JP 2015054650W WO 2016132514 A1 WO2016132514 A1 WO 2016132514A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3828—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC using current integration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
- G01R35/005—Calibrating; Standards or reference devices, e.g. voltage or resistance standards, "golden" references
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Embodiments described herein relate generally to a power storage system, a power storage control method, and a power storage control program.
- SOC State Of Charge
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a power storage system, a power storage control method, and a power storage control program capable of accurately estimating the SOC of a storage battery.
- the power storage system of the embodiment includes a storage battery, a first derivation unit, a second derivation unit, and a correction unit.
- the storage battery charges and discharges.
- the first deriving unit derives the first SOC based on the voltage of the storage battery when no current flows through the storage battery.
- the second deriving unit derives the second SOC based on the battery capacity of the storage battery and the integrated value of the current flowing through the storage battery.
- the correction unit performs the second derivation based on the difference between the second SOC derived by the second derivation unit and the first SOC derived by the first derivation unit after the second SOC is derived.
- the battery capacity of the storage battery used by the unit is corrected.
- amendment part changes the correction amount of correction
- FIG. 1 shows the structural example of the electrical storage system 1 of 1st Embodiment.
- SOC 2 # which is derived using the battery capacity C # corrected, were compared and SOC 2 derived by using the battery capacity C before correction
- FIG. 1 The flowchart which shows an example of the process performed by the electrical storage system 1 of 1st Embodiment.
- 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing performed by a comparison / correction unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the power storage system 1 includes an assembled battery unit 10 having a plurality of battery modules 12 (1) to 12 (k), a plurality of CMUs (Cell Monitoring Units) 20 (1) to 20 (k), a BMU (Battery Managing Unit) 30. These components are connected by a CAN (Controller Area Network) cable or the like (not shown).
- CAN Controller Area Network
- Each battery module 12 (1) to 12 (k) includes, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, a lead storage battery, a sodium sulfur battery, a redox flow battery, or a nickel metal hydride battery.
- the characteristics of the secondary battery are expressed by parameters including, for example, battery capacity C [Ah] and current rate R [C].
- battery capacity C [Ah] for example, battery capacity of 20 [Ah]
- current rate R [C For example, in a battery having a rated battery capacity of 20 [Ah], when the SOC is 100% (full charge) without deterioration such as immediately after shipment, a current of 1 [C] (20 [A]) is applied for 1 hour. Discharge is possible. In other words, when the SOC is 0% in a state where there is no deterioration such as immediately after shipment, the current at a current rate of 1 [C] (20 [A]) can be charged for 1 hour.
- each CMU 20 has the same configuration and is provided according to the number k of the battery modules 12.
- the power storage system 1 switches the assembled battery unit 10 to be operated among the plurality of assembled battery units 10 based on the charge / discharge power command transmitted from the host device 40.
- the power storage system 1 charges and discharges the selected assembled battery unit 10 based on the charge / discharge power command.
- it is suitable when charging / discharging of the battery module 12 is performed by a constant current.
- the charging / discharging in this embodiment is demonstrated as what is performed by a constant current.
- the BMU 30 derives SOC (State Of Charge) as one of the indicators of the charging rate of each battery module 12 according to the operating status of the assembled battery unit 10.
- SOC State Of Charge
- the SOC derivation method performed by the BMU 30 will be described later.
- the derivation of the SOC may be performed in the host apparatus 40 or the CMU 20, or an arithmetic process for deriving the SOC using two or more processors included in the host apparatus 40, the BMU 30, and the CMU 20.
- the form to share may be sufficient.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an application example of the power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment.
- a solid line indicates a power line
- a broken line indicates a communication line.
- the power storage system 1 preferably includes a plurality of assembled battery units 10 (1) to 10 (k).
- FIG. 2 only one assembled battery unit 10 (1) among the plurality of assembled battery units 10 is displayed.
- the configuration of one assembled battery unit 10 (1) will be mainly described.
- the power storage system 1 is connected to, for example, a power system 60, a host device 40, a PCS (Power Conditioning System) 50, and the like.
- the host device 40 transmits a charge / discharge power command to the assembled battery unit 10 to be controlled by the PCS 50 to the PCS 50.
- the PCS 50 includes a processor such as a CPU, a communication interface for bidirectional communication with the host device 40, and the like.
- the PCS 50 performs the following operation based on the control signal transmitted from the host device 40.
- the PCS 50 converts DC power discharged from the battery module 12 into AC power and boosts the voltage to a voltage (for example, 3.3 to 6.6 [kV]) used in the power system.
- the PCS 50 converts, for example, AC power supplied from the power system into DC power, and steps down to a voltage (for example, 100 [V]) that allows the battery module 12 to be charged.
- a series circuit in which a plurality of battery modules 12, a BMU 30, a switch circuit 70, and a switch 72 are connected in series is configured.
- the assembled battery unit 10 (1) is connected to the PCS 50 via one terminal of the series circuit and the switch circuit 70.
- the switch circuit 70 for example, a switch S1 having no resistance (a resistance value of, for example, 1/10 or less of that of the resistance R) and a switch S2 in which the resistance R is connected in series are connected in parallel.
- a switch 72 may be provided between the battery modules 12.
- the switch 72 is used, for example, to turn off the series circuit when any battery module 12 is removed for inspection.
- the switch 72 may be used also as a disconnector (service disconnect) and may function as a fuse. In this case, wiring for notifying the BMU 30 of the insertion / extraction state and the fuse state may be provided.
- the BMU 30 includes, for example, a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a storage unit such as a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a flash memory, and an HDD (Hard Disk Drive).
- the BMU 30 appropriately controls the switch circuit 70 and the switch 72 based on the charge / discharge power command.
- the BMU 30 controls the switch circuit 70 so as to adjust the number of battery modules 12 to be charged / discharged and the number of assembled battery units 10 in order to satisfy the charge / discharge amount included in the charge / discharge power command.
- Each of the CMUs 20 (1) to 20 (k) includes, for example, voltage measuring units 22 (1) to 22 (k) and first SOC deriving units 24 (1) to 24 (k).
- voltage measuring units 22 (1) to 22 (k) when the plurality of voltage measuring units 22 (1) to 22 (k) are not distinguished, they are simply referred to as the voltage measuring unit 22, and when the plurality of first SOC deriving units 24 (1) to 24 (k) are not distinguished, This is simply referred to as the first SOC deriving unit 24.
- the voltage measurement unit 22 measures the voltage between the positive electrode and the negative electrode terminal of each battery module 12.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 acquires information indicating the voltage of each battery module 12 from the voltage measuring unit 22 at the timing when the voltage is settled, and derives the first SOC.
- the settled timing is a state where the voltage between the terminals of the battery module 12 is sufficiently stable and an open circuit voltage described later can be measured.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 calculates the first SOC at both the static timing before charging / discharging and the static timing after charging / discharging.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 is an example of a “first deriving unit”.
- the first SOC deriving units 24 (1) to 24 (k) may be functional units of the BMU 30.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 determines that the voltage has settled when a predetermined time ⁇ t (for example, 10 minutes) has elapsed from the timing at which charging / discharging ends, and determines the voltage of each battery module 12 from the voltage measuring unit 22. Get the information shown.
- leading-out part 24 does not acquire a voltage in the meantime, when the next charging / discharging is started before predetermined time (DELTA) t passes from the timing which charging / discharging was complete
- a predetermined time ⁇ t for example, 10 minutes
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 determines that charging / discharging is performed when the current measured by the current measuring unit 32 exceeds a threshold value Iref (for example, 0.1 [mA]), and is equal to or less than the threshold value Iref. It is determined that charging / discharging has stopped.
- a threshold value Iref for example, 0.1 [mA]
- the timing for acquiring the static voltage may be performed at any timing as long as it is within the period up to the time when charging / discharging is scheduled for the next time. Further, the static voltage may be acquired a plurality of times within this period and derived as an average value thereof.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 acquires OCV-SOC characteristic data from a storage unit (not shown) in order to derive the SOC.
- the OCV-SOC characteristic data is data indicating a correlation between the OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) of the storage battery included in the battery module 12 and the SOC.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 derives the SOC (first SOC) of the battery module 12 by applying the acquired static voltage to the OCV-SOC characteristic data.
- SOC 1b the first SOC derived based on the static voltage obtained before charging / discharging performed at a certain timing
- SOC 1a the first SOC derived based on the static voltage obtained after the same charge / discharge
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 transmits the first SOC to the BMU 30.
- the BMU 30 includes, for example, a current measurement unit 32, a second SOC derivation unit 34, and a comparison / correction unit 36.
- the current measuring unit 32 measures the current flowing through the battery module 12 for each battery module 12.
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 includes an integrated value of the current flowing through the battery module 12 being charged / discharged (hereinafter referred to as “current integrated value ⁇ I”), the battery capacity C of the battery module 12, and the first SOC deriving unit 24. Based on the derived SOC 1b , the SOC (second SOC) of the battery module 12 is derived.
- the SOC derived by the second SOC deriving unit 34 is denoted as “SOC 2 ”.
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 is an example of a “second deriving unit”.
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 starts from the integration start time when the current flowing through the battery module 12 changes from a state below the threshold value Iref to a state exceeding the threshold value Iref, and from the state where the current flowing through the battery module 12 exceeds the threshold value Iref to the threshold value Iref.
- the current integrated value ⁇ I (for example, the unit is [Ah]) is calculated with the integration period until the integration end time changed to the following state.
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 divides the calculated current integrated value ⁇ I by the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 and adds the SOC 1b derived by the first SOC deriving unit 24 to the value expressed as a percentage. , SOC 2 is derived.
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 outputs the calculated integrated current value ⁇ I to the comparison / correction unit 36.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 derives the SOC 1a based on a static voltage acquired at a timing when a predetermined time ⁇ t has elapsed from the integration end time.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 derives a difference ⁇ SOC between the SOC 2 derived by the second SOC deriving unit 34 and the SOC 1a derived by the first SOC deriving unit 24.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that the value of ⁇ SOC is zero when the derived ⁇ SOC is not zero.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 is an example of a “correction unit”.
- Comparing and correcting unit 36 is, for example, if the ⁇ SOC is not zero, the SOC 1a as a true value, as SOC 2 is derived next match to the SOC 1a, the battery capacity of the battery module 12 in the derivation of the SOC 2 C parameter is corrected. That is, the power storage system 1 derives the SOC 2 using the corrected battery capacity C (hereinafter referred to as “battery capacity C #”) at the time of charge / discharge performed after the charge / discharge. Thereby, the power storage system 1 can improve the estimation accuracy of the SOC of the battery module 12.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 does not determine whether or not to perform correction based on whether or not ⁇ SOC is zero, for example, whether or not the absolute value of ⁇ SOC exceeds a threshold value (for example, 5%). It may be determined whether or not to perform correction. The same applies to the following description.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a change in SOC calculated before and after charging and discharging.
- LN1 shown in the drawing indicates a change in the SOC derived by the first SOC deriving unit 24 or the second SOC deriving unit 34.
- LN2 indicates a current measured by the current measuring unit 32.
- the left vertical axis represents SOC [%]
- the right vertical axis represents current [A]
- the horizontal axis represents charge / discharge time t [s].
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 determines the first SOC based on the integrated current value ⁇ I during the period from time t 0 to time t 1 , the battery capacity C of the battery module 12, and the static voltage before time t 0 . Based on the SOC 1b derived by the deriving unit 24, the SOC 2 is derived.
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 obtains the static voltage of the battery module 12 at a time t 2 when a predetermined time ⁇ t or more has elapsed from the time t 1 when the charging / discharging is completed.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 derives the SOC 1a of the battery module 12 after charging and discharging based on the acquired static voltage and OCV-SOC characteristic data.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 derives a difference ⁇ SOC between the SOC 2 derived by the second SOC deriving unit 34 and the SOC 1a derived by the first SOC deriving unit 24.
- ⁇ SOC is not zero
- the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 and changes the parameter to the corrected battery capacity C #.
- the corrected battery capacity C # is derived from the following equation (2).
- Figure 4 is a diagram comparing the SOC 2 #, which is derived using the battery capacity C # corrected, and SOC 2 derived by using the battery capacity C before correction.
- LN1 # shown in the figure indicates SOC 2 # derived using the corrected battery capacity C #.
- LN1 indicates SOC 2 and SOC 1a derived using the battery capacity C before correction.
- SOC 2 # is corrected to coincide with SOC 1a at time t2.
- LN2 the left vertical axis, the right vertical axis, and the horizontal axis shown in the figure are the same as those in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing performed by the power storage system 1 according to the first embodiment. The process of this flowchart is repeatedly performed for every period, for example, with a period from operation to stop of the battery module 12 as one period.
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 acquires the static voltage of each battery module 12 from the voltage measuring unit 22 at the static timing before charging / discharging, and based on the acquired static voltage and OCV-SOC characteristic data.
- SOC 1b is derived (step S100).
- the power storage system 1 charges and discharges each battery module 12 based on the charge / discharge power command (step S102).
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 calculates a current integrated value ⁇ I of the battery module 12 during charging / discharging based on the measurement result of the current measuring unit 32 (step S104).
- the second SOC deriving unit 34 derives the SOC 2 based on the calculated current integrated value ⁇ I, the battery capacity C of the battery module 12, and the SOC 1b derived by the first SOC deriving unit 24 (step) S106).
- the first SOC deriving unit 24 acquires the static voltage of each battery module 12 from the voltage measurement unit 22 at the static timing after charging and discharging, and uses the acquired static voltage and the OCV-SOC characteristic data. Based on this, the SOC 1a is derived (step S108).
- the comparison / correction unit 36 derives a difference ⁇ SOC between the SOC 2 derived by the second SOC deriving unit 34 and the SOC 1a derived by the first SOC deriving unit 24 (step S110).
- the comparison / correction unit 36 determines whether the derived ⁇ SOC is not zero (step S112). If the derived ⁇ SOC is zero (step S112: No), the power storage system 1 ends the process of this flowchart. When the derived ⁇ SOC is not zero (step S112: Yes), the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that the value of ⁇ SOC is zero (step S114). Thereby, the electrical storage system 1 complete
- the SOC 1b is derived based on the static voltage of the battery module 12 and the OCV-SOC characteristic data acquired at the static timing before charging and discharging.
- the battery module obtained at the time when the SOC 2 is derived based on the current integrated value ⁇ I of the battery module 12 during charging / discharging, the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 and the derived SOC 1b, and settled after charging / discharging.
- the SOC 1a is derived based on the 12 static voltage and the OCV-SOC characteristic data, and the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 is corrected based on the difference ⁇ SOC between the SOC 2 and the SOC 1a .
- the power storage system 1 can accurately estimate the SOC of the battery module 12.
- the power storage system 1 of the second embodiment will be described.
- the function of the comparison / correction unit 36 is different from that of the first embodiment. Therefore, it demonstrates centering on such a difference and the description about a common part is abbreviate
- the processing of the comparison / correction unit 36 will be described as a difference from the first embodiment.
- the correction amount to be corrected is appropriately changed based on the usage state of the battery module 12.
- the usage state includes, for example, (1) current rate R during charging / discharging, (2) derived ⁇ SOC, and any one or more of the others.
- the use state in which charging / discharging is performed at a current rate R of 1C and at a constant current is set as a reference state.
- Various parameters are used as reference values.
- the correction amount changing process will be described with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between the current rate R and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 reduces the correction amount by evaluating ⁇ SOC as the current rate R deviates from the reference value.
- the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC is a ratio for reducing the difference ⁇ SOC between SOC 1a and SOC 2, and is expressed as a coefficient multiplied by ⁇ SOC, for example.
- the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC is set to 1, for example. That is, the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that the derived ⁇ SOC becomes zero when the current rate R is the reference value.
- the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC is set to 1/2, for example. That is, when the current rate R is 1 / 2C or 2C, the comparison / correction unit 36 causes the battery module 12 battery to have a contribution rate related to the correction amount of ⁇ SOC that is 1/2 that of the current rate R of 1C. The parameter of the capacity C is corrected.
- the correspondence relationship between the current rate R and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC may be the relationship represented by the graphs of FIGS.
- the correspondence relationship is expressed by, for example, an exponential function or a polynomial function in which the current rate R is a logarithmic axis and the reference value is axisymmetric.
- the vertical axis indicates the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC
- the horizontal axis indicates the current rate R expressed in logarithm.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating another example of the correspondence relationship between the current rate R and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC.
- LN3 shown in the figure is a function in which, for example, the reference value is axisymmetric, and the reduction rate increases exponentially as the reference value is approached.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing another example of the correspondence relationship between the current rate R and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC.
- LN4 shown in the figure is a function in which the reduction rate is constant in a predetermined range ⁇ C centered on the reference value and the reference value is axisymmetric.
- the reduction rate is set to 1 in a predetermined range ⁇ C (for example, the current rate R is 0.8 to 1.2), and the reduction rate is an exponential function as the reference value is approached in other sections. Is set so as to increase.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of the correspondence relationship between the current rate R and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC.
- LN5 shown in the figure is a function in which the reduction rate is constant in a threshold value Th1 or less and a threshold value Th2 or more and a predetermined range ⁇ C centered on the reference value.
- the reduction rate of LN5 is set to 1 in a predetermined range ⁇ C (for example, the current rate R is 0.8 to 1.2), and the reduction rate is set to 0 in a section below the threshold Th1 and above the threshold Th2. Is set.
- LN5 is set so that the reduction rate increases exponentially as it approaches the reference value in the other sections.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing another example of the correspondence relationship between the current rate R and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC.
- LN6 shown in the figure is a function in which, for example, the reduction rate is constant in the section below the reference value, and the reduction rate decreases in the section above the reference value as the current rate R increases.
- LN6 is set such that the reduction rate is set to 1 in a section equal to or less than the reference value, and the reduction rate decreases exponentially as the current rate R increases in a section greater than or equal to the reference value.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another example of the correspondence relationship between the current rate R and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC.
- LN7 shown in the figure is a function in which the reduction rate in the section below the reference value gradually increases or decreases compared to the reduction rate in the section where the current rate R is the reference value or more. For example, when the slope (for example, an index) indicating increase / decrease in a section equal to or greater than the reference value is 2, LN7 is set such that the slope (for example, index) indicating increase / decrease is 0.5 in a section equal to or less than the reference value. .
- the comparison / correction unit 36 in addition to the correction process for changing the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC according to the current rate R, for example, the comparison / correction unit 36 may change the battery according to the derived ⁇ SOC.
- the parameter of the battery capacity C of the module 12 may be corrected.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between ⁇ SOC 1a-1b derived by the comparison / correction unit 36 and a reduction rate of ⁇ SOC 2-1a .
- ⁇ SOC 1a-1b represents a difference between SOC 1a and SOC 1b . That is, ⁇ SOC 1a-1b is a difference between the SOC value after charging / discharging calculated by the first SOC deriving unit 24 and the SOC value before charging / discharging calculated by the first SOC deriving unit 24.
- ⁇ SOC 2-1a represents the difference between SOC 2 and SOC 1a . That is, ⁇ SOC 2-1a is the difference between the SOC value after charging / discharging calculated by the second SOC deriving unit 34 and the SOC value after charging / discharging calculated by the first SOC deriving unit 24.
- the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC 2-1a is set to 1. That is, when the derived ⁇ SOC 1a-1b is 100%, the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that ⁇ SOC 2-1a becomes zero. When ⁇ SOC 1a-1b is 20%, the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC 2-1a is set to 0.2, for example. That is, when ⁇ SOC 1a-1b is 20%, the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that the derived ⁇ SOC 2-1a becomes 4/5. Note that the data, functions, and the like indicating the various correspondence relationships described above are stored in advance in any storage unit (storage device) such as the BMU 30, the CMU 20, or the higher-level device 40.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 of the present embodiment may determine the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC based on the current rate R and the derived ⁇ SOC. In this case, the comparison / correction unit 36 multiplies the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC associated with each parameter of the current rate R and ⁇ SOC, and derives the multiplied value as the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC. The comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that ⁇ SOC multiplied by the reduction rate is obtained.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that the derived ⁇ SOC becomes 4/5.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing performed by the comparison / correction unit 36 of the second embodiment. Note that the processing in the flowchart corresponds to the processing in step S114 in FIG. 5 described above.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 determines whether or not various parameters including the derived ⁇ SOC and the current rate R are reference values (step S200). When the various parameters are reference values (step S200: Yes), the comparison / correction unit 36 determines 1 as the reduction rate by which the derived ⁇ SOC is multiplied (step S202). When the various parameters are not reference values (step S200: No), the comparison / correction unit 36 determines and changes the reduction rate by which the derived ⁇ SOC is multiplied based on any parameter that is not the reference value (step S204). ).
- the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so as to reduce the value of ⁇ SOC to zero or small based on the determined ⁇ SOC reduction rate (step S206). As a result, the comparison / correction unit 36 ends the process of this flowchart.
- the SOC of the battery module 12 can be estimated with higher accuracy by changing the correction amount of the battery capacity C based on the usage state of the battery module 12. it can.
- the power storage system 1 includes a temperature measurement unit 26 in addition to the components included in the first or second embodiment.
- description of functions and the like common to the first or second embodiment described above will be omitted.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the power storage system 1 according to the third embodiment.
- Each CMU 20 includes a temperature measurement unit 26.
- the temperature measurement unit 26 measures the temperature T [° C.] of each battery module 12.
- the temperature T includes, for example, the temperature near the outer surface of the casing (not shown) of the battery module 12, the temperature inside the battery module 12 estimated from the temperature near the outer surface, and the like.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 acquires the temperature T of each battery module 12 from the temperature measurement unit 26 and determines the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC based on the acquired temperature T.
- the significance of reducing ⁇ SOC is the same as in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a correspondence relationship between the temperature T and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC.
- the reference temperature T reference range ⁇ T
- the comparison / correction unit 36 determines that the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC is 1 when the temperature T measured by the temperature measurement unit 26 is within the reference range ⁇ T. For example, when the temperature T measured by the temperature measurement unit 26 is 10 to 20 ° C. or 30 to 40 ° C., the comparison / correction unit 36 determines the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC to be 1/2. The comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 based on the determined reduction rate.
- the correspondence relationship between the temperature T and the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC is determined in consideration of the type of battery of the battery module 12 to be used, individual differences, and the like.
- the reduction rate is determined based on the temperature characteristics of the lithium ion battery.
- the reduction rate at a temperature of 0 ° C. or lower is made smaller than the reduction rate at a temperature of 0 ° C. or higher.
- the SOC for each battery module 12 to be used can be estimated with higher accuracy. It is assumed that the data indicating the correspondence described above is stored in any storage unit (storage device) such as the BMU 30, the CMU 20, or the host device 40.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 of the present embodiment may determine the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC based on the current rate R, ⁇ SOC, and temperature T. In this case, the comparison / correction unit 36 multiplies the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC associated with each parameter of the current rate R, ⁇ SOC, and temperature T, and derives the multiplied value as the reduction rate of ⁇ SOC. The comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that the value obtained by multiplying ⁇ SOC by the reduction rate is corrected to zero.
- ⁇ SOC is 40%
- T is 10 to 20 ° C. in the numerical examples of FIGS.
- the comparison / correction unit 36 corrects the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 so that the derived ⁇ SOC becomes 9/10.
- the SOC of the battery module 12 is changed by changing the correction amount of the battery capacity C based on the use state of the battery module 12 as in the second embodiment. Can be estimated with higher accuracy.
- the voltage measuring unit 22, the first SOC deriving unit 24, the current measuring unit 32, and the second SOC deriving unit 34 perform various measurements and SOC derivations on each battery module 12. Not limited to. For example, the voltage and current between terminals for each assembled battery unit 10 may be measured, and various SOCs for each assembled battery unit 10 may be derived based on the measured voltage and current.
- the SOC 1b is derived based on the static voltage of the battery module 12 and the OCV-SOC characteristic data acquired at the static timing before charging / discharging, and during charging / discharging.
- SOC 2 is derived on the basis of the current integrated value ⁇ I of the battery module 12 and the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 and the derived SOC 1b, and the static value of the battery module 12 obtained at the static time after charging and discharging is obtained.
- the SOC 1a is derived based on the voltage and the OCV-SOC characteristic data, and the parameter of the battery capacity C of the battery module 12 is corrected based on the difference ⁇ SOC between the SOC 2 and the SOC 1a .
- the power storage system 1 can accurately estimate the SOC of the battery module 12.
- SYMBOLS 1 Power storage system 10, 10 (1) -10 (k) ... Battery unit, 12, 12 (1) -12 (k) ... Battery module, 20, 20 (1) -20 (k) ... CMU, 22, 22 (1) to 22 (k)... Voltage measuring unit, 24, 24 (1) to 24 (k).... First SOC deriving unit, 26, 26 (1) to 26 (k). ... BMU, 32 ... Current measurement unit, 34 ... Second SOC derivation unit, 36 ... Comparison / correction unit, 40 ... Host device, 50 ... PCS, 60 ... Power system, 70 ... Switch circuit, 72 ... Switch
Abstract
Description
図1は、第1の実施形態の蓄電システム1の構成例を示す図である。蓄電システム1は、複数の電池モジュール12(1)~12(k)を有する組電池ユニット10と、複数のCMU(Cell Monitoring Unit;電池監視ユニット)20(1)~20(k)と、BMU(Battery Managing Unit;電池管理ユニット)30とを備える。これらの構成要素は、図示しないCAN(Controller Area Network)ケーブル等によって接続されている。
なお、BMU30におけるSOCの導出に代えて上位装置40またはCMU20においてSOCの導出が行われてもよいし、上位装置40、BMU30、CMU20が備える2つ以上プロセッサを用いてSOCを導出する演算処理を分担する形態であってもよい。
各CMU20(1)~20(k)は、例えば、それぞれが電圧測定部22(1)~22(k)および第1SOC導出部24(1)~24(k)を備える。以下、複数の電圧測定部22(1)~22(k)を区別しない場合、単に電圧測定部22と記載し、複数の第1SOC導出部24(1)~24(k)を区別しない場合、単に第1SOC導出部24と記載する。電圧測定部22は、各電池モジュール12の正極および負極端子間の電圧を測定する。
比較・補正部36は、第2SOC導出部34により導出されたSOC2と、第1SOC導出部24により導出されたSOC1aとの差分ΔSOCを導出する。比較・補正部36は、導出したΔSOCがゼロでない場合、ΔSOCの値をゼロにするように、電池モジュール12の電池容量Cのパラメータを補正する。なお、比較・補正部36は、「補正部」の一例である。
まず、第1SOC導出部24は、充放電前の静定したタイミングにおいて、電圧測定部22から各電池モジュール12の静定電圧を取得し、取得した静定電圧とOCV-SOC特性データとに基づいてSOC1bを導出する(ステップS100)。次に、蓄電システム1は、充放電電力指令に基づき、各電池モジュール12を充放電させる(ステップS102)。
以下、第2の実施形態の蓄電システム1について説明する。第2の実施形態の蓄電システム1では、比較・補正部36の機能が第1の実施形態と相違する。従って、係る相違点を中心に説明し、共通する部分についての説明は省略する。ここでは、第1の実施形態との相違点として、比較・補正部36の処理について説明する。
以下、第3の実施形態の蓄電システム1について説明する。第3の実施形態の蓄電システム1は、第1または第2の実施形態が備える構成要素に加えて、温度測定部26を備える。以下、上述した第1または第2の実施形態と共通する機能等についての説明は省略する。
上述した実施形態において、電圧測定部22、第1SOC導出部24、電流測定部32、第2SOC導出部34は、各電池モジュール12に対して種々の測定やSOCの導出を行うと説明したがこれに限られない。例えば、組電池ユニット10ごとの端子間における電圧と電流とを測定するようにしてもよく、これら測定した電圧および電流に基づき各組電池ユニット10ごとの各種SOCを導出してもよい。
Claims (5)
- 充放電を行う蓄電池と、
前記蓄電池に電流が流れていないときの前記蓄電池の電圧に基づいて、第1のSOCを導出する第1の導出部と、
前記蓄電池の電池容量と、前記蓄電池に流れる電流の積算値とに基づいて、第2のSOCを導出する第2の導出部と、
前記第2の導出部により導出された前記第2のSOCと、前記第2のSOCの導出後に前記第1の導出部により導出された前記第1のSOCとの差分に基づいて、前記第2の導出部が使用する前記蓄電池の電池容量を補正する補正部であって、前記蓄電池の状態に応じて前記補正の補正量を変更する補正部と、
を備える蓄電システム。 - 前記蓄電池の状態は、前記第1のSOCと前記第2のSOCとの差分、前記蓄電池の電流レート、前記蓄電池の温度のうち、いずれか一つ以上を含む、
請求項1記載の蓄電システム。 - 前記補正部は、前記蓄電池の状態に応じた低減率を、前記第1のSOCと前記第2のSOCとの差分に乗算することで、前記蓄電池の電池容量を補正する、
請求項1または2記載の蓄電システム。 - 蓄電池を制御するコンピュータが、
前記蓄電池に電流が流れていないときの前記蓄電池の電圧に基づいて、第1のSOCを導出し、
前記蓄電池の電池容量と、前記蓄電池に流れる電流の積算値とに基づいて、第2のSOCを導出し、
導出した前記第2のSOCと、前記第2のSOCの導出後に導出した前記第1のSOCとの差分に基づいて、使用する前記蓄電池の電池容量を補正し、前記蓄電池の状態に応じて前記補正の補正量を変更する、
蓄電制御方法。 - 蓄電池を制御するコンピュータに、
前記蓄電池に電流が流れていないときの前記蓄電池の電圧に基づいて、第1のSOCを導出させ、
前記蓄電池の電池容量と、前記蓄電池に流れる電流の積算値とに基づいて、第2のSOCを導出させ、
導出させた前記第2のSOCと、前記第2のSOCの導出後に導出させた前記第1のSOCとの差分に基づいて、使用する前記蓄電池の電池容量を補正させ、前記蓄電池の状態に応じて前記補正の補正量を変更させる、
蓄電制御プログラム。
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EP15882616.4A EP3264119A4 (en) | 2015-02-19 | 2015-02-19 | Electricity storage system, electricity storage control method, and electricity storage control program |
PCT/JP2015/054650 WO2016132514A1 (ja) | 2015-02-19 | 2015-02-19 | 蓄電システム、蓄電制御方法、および蓄電制御プログラム |
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