WO2016113791A1 - 電池装置、充電制御装置および充電制御方法 - Google Patents
電池装置、充電制御装置および充電制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016113791A1 WO2016113791A1 PCT/JP2015/005989 JP2015005989W WO2016113791A1 WO 2016113791 A1 WO2016113791 A1 WO 2016113791A1 JP 2015005989 W JP2015005989 W JP 2015005989W WO 2016113791 A1 WO2016113791 A1 WO 2016113791A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
- H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
- H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
- H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a battery device, a charge control device, and a charge control method that can rapidly charge, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for smartphones, for example.
- quick charge which can charge a battery in a short time is mentioned.
- Achieving rapid charging requires charging with a large current, but there is a concern that large current charging may affect the capacity degradation due to the passage of cycles.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 Conventionally, a rapid charging apparatus as described in the following Patent Documents 1 to 4 has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 in order to solve the problem that the cycle characteristics deteriorate when charging current is increased or charging is performed in a high temperature atmosphere for rapid charging, a constant current at the first stage with a large current is disclosed. Charging is performed, and when the specified charging voltage is reached, the charging current is immediately reduced, and the second stage charging process is repeated with the reduced current.
- Patent Document 2 describes that charging is performed with a charging current exceeding the nominal capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery, charging is performed within half of the maximum charging capacity, and thereafter charging is performed with a rated charging current. If the charge is within half of the maximum charge capacity, the cycle characteristics are not significantly degraded.
- Patent Document 3 describes that, similar to Patent Document 1, when the measured voltage reaches around the prescribed charging voltage of the secondary battery, control is performed to reduce the charging current.
- Patent Document 4 relates to a configuration of a charger composed of a combination of a primary side power supply control circuit and a secondary side charge control circuit.
- the object is to control the charging voltage and the charging current even when the number of parts is reduced from the conventional circuit configuration.
- the same control as the charge control before parts reduction is possible.
- Patent Document 3 since the state close to the specified charge voltage of the secondary battery continues for a long time, deterioration of cycle characteristics (that is, deterioration of capacity due to the passage of cycles) appears remarkably. There is a fear. Furthermore, in the case of Patent Document 3, because of the control to gradually increase the charging current according to the battery voltage measured at the start of charging, there is a time loss until the charging current reaches the upper limit when aiming at rapid charging. End up.
- Patent Document 2 at the start of charging, in a state where the charging capacity of the secondary battery exceeds half of the maximum charging capacity, a transition to the second charging control with a low charging current occurs, so that rapid charging cannot be performed.
- the present disclosure provides a battery device, a charge control device, and a charge control method capable of performing rapid charging while preventing deterioration of cycle characteristics. It is in.
- the present disclosure includes a secondary battery, A measurement unit for measuring the voltage and current of the secondary battery; A measurement voltage and a measurement current from the measurement unit are supplied, and a control unit that controls the charging voltage and the charging current of the secondary battery,
- the control unit In order to charge the secondary battery, a current value exceeding its nominal capacity is set as the first charging current, While performing constant current charging with the set first charging current, the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a first threshold voltage smaller than the specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage is greater than the first threshold voltage, the first charging current is decreased to the second charging current, and the first threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to the second threshold voltage, While performing constant current charging with the set second charging current, the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a second threshold voltage smaller than the specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage becomes larger than the second threshold voltage, the second charging current is decreased to the third charging current, and the second threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to be the third threshold voltage.
- the comparison between the measured voltage and the threshold voltage and the change of the charging current and the threshold voltage are repeated, and when the nth charging current decreases to a predetermined value and the measured voltage becomes larger than the predetermined value, the quick charge is finished. It is a battery device that performs control.
- the present disclosure is a charge control device that is supplied with a measurement voltage and a measurement current of a secondary battery to be charged and controls a charging voltage and a charging current of the secondary battery,
- a current value exceeding its nominal capacity is set as the first charging current
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a first threshold voltage smaller than the specified charging voltage
- the first charging current is decreased to the second charging current
- the first threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to the second threshold voltage
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a second threshold voltage smaller than the specified charging voltage
- the second charging current is decreased to the third charging current
- the second threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to be the third threshold voltage.
- the comparison between the measured voltage and the threshold voltage, the change of the charging current and the change of the threshold voltage are repeated, and when the nth charging current decreases to a predetermined value and the measured voltage becomes larger than the predetermined value, rapid charging is performed. It is the charge control apparatus which performs control which complete
- the present disclosure is a charge control method for receiving a measurement voltage and a measurement current of a secondary battery to be charged and controlling a charging voltage and a charging current of the secondary battery,
- a current value exceeding its nominal capacity is set as the first charging current
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a first threshold voltage smaller than the specified charging voltage
- the first charging current is decreased to the second charging current
- the first threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to the second threshold voltage
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a second threshold voltage smaller than the specified charging voltage
- the second charging current is decreased to the third charging current
- the second threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to be the third threshold voltage.
- the comparison between the measured voltage and the threshold voltage, the change of the charging current and the change of the threshold voltage are repeated, and when the nth charging current decreases to a predetermined value and the measured voltage becomes larger than the predetermined value, rapid charging is performed.
- This is a charge control method for performing control to end the process.
- the present disclosure can perform rapid charging by setting a current value exceeding the nominal capacity of the secondary battery as the charging current.
- cycle characteristics can be prevented from being deteriorated by performing rapid charging in a voltage range smaller than a specified charging voltage. Note that the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present disclosure.
- 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the charge control of one embodiment of this indication. It is a graph for demonstrating charge control. It is the graph which expanded a part of graph of charge control. It is a graph which shows the cycle characteristic at the time of setting a threshold voltage smaller than a regulation charge voltage. It is a graph which shows the difference in the cycle characteristic according to the presence or absence of deterioration suppression control. It is a block diagram of the 1st modification of this indication. It is a block diagram of the 2nd modification of this indication. It is a block diagram of the 3rd modification of this indication.
- an embodiment of the present disclosure is directed to a battery pack in which a battery cell 1 of a secondary battery and an element related to the control unit 2 are housed in the same casing (case). This disclosure is applied.
- the battery cell 1 is, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the specified charging voltage of the battery cell 1 is set to 4.35 V, for example.
- the battery pack is provided with connectors 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d for connection to the outside.
- Connector 3a is connected to the positive electrode of battery cell 1
- connector 3b is connected to the negative electrode of battery cell 1.
- the connectors 3c and 3d are terminals for communication between the control unit 2 and the outside.
- the control unit 2 that controls the battery pack includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), an I / O (Input / Output), an AFE (Analog Front End), and the like. Microcomputer.
- the AFE is an analog circuit arranged between the analog signal unit and the CPU of the control unit 2. Note that a switching element for turning on / off the charging current and a switching element for turning on / off the discharge current may be provided in the battery pack, and these switching elements may be controlled by the control unit 2.
- the voltage of the battery cell 1 is supplied to the control unit 2. Further, the temperature in the battery pack is measured by a temperature detection element such as the thermistor 4, and the measured temperature information is supplied to the control unit 2. Further, the current flowing through the current path of the battery cell 1 is detected by the current detection resistor 5, and the detected current value is supplied to the control unit 2.
- a temperature detection element such as the thermistor 4
- the current flowing through the current path of the battery cell 1 is detected by the current detection resistor 5, and the detected current value is supplied to the control unit 2.
- the controller 2 controls the charging operation for the battery cell 1.
- the control performed by the control unit 2 is shown in the flowchart of FIG.
- the charging device generates a charging voltage and a charging current having a predetermined value from a commercial power source, and the charging voltage and the charging current are set by communication with the control unit 2 of the battery pack.
- serial communication is used as the communication method.
- Step ST1 Charging is started.
- Step ST2 The voltage of the battery cell 1 (battery voltage) is measured. For example, it is measured for 2 seconds and the average value is used.
- Step ST3 It is checked whether the measured voltage is a predetermined voltage, for example, 4.1 V or higher, or whether the temperature of the battery pack is outside the normal temperature range. In step ST3, it is determined whether or not the battery has been fully charged, and whether or not the temperature environment is suitable for rapid charging.
- a predetermined voltage for example, 4.1 V or higher
- the normal charging is constant current constant voltage charging. That is, constant current constant voltage charging is a method in which charging is performed at a constant current up to a predetermined voltage, and charging is performed at a constant voltage when the battery voltage reaches the predetermined voltage.
- the voltage value for switching from constant current charging to constant voltage charging is, for example, 4.24V.
- rapid charging is not performed in order to prevent the temperature from rising further.
- Step ST4 It is determined whether measurement data, for example, the number of cycles is equal to or less than a set value. Step ST4 determines the degree of deterioration of the battery cell 1.
- Step ST5 When the determination result of step ST4 is affirmative, the charging voltage is set to a specified charging voltage (eg, 4.35 V) of the battery cell 1.
- Step ST6 Constant current and constant voltage charging is performed. For example, 4.35V is used as the specified charging voltage, and the charging current is set to 0.7 ItA.
- Step ST7 It is determined whether a full charge condition is satisfied.
- a conventional method can be used as the full charge condition. For example, it can be detected as a full charge that the charging current is a predetermined value (for example, a value of 1/20 or less of the nominal capacity). In addition, you may detect as a full charge that the difference of the voltage of the battery cell 1 and a charging voltage becomes below a predetermined value. If the full charge condition is not satisfied, the process returns to step ST6 (constant current constant voltage charge).
- Step ST9 The charging operation ends.
- step ST3 If the determination result of step ST3 described above is negative, that is, if the measured voltage is lower than 4.1 V and the temperature of the battery pack is within the normal temperature range, the process moves to step ST11, and after step ST11 A quick charge is performed by this process.
- Step ST11 The charging voltage supplied to the connectors 3a and 3b is increased to a voltage equal to or higher than a specified charging voltage, for example, +5.0 V, and the charging current is set to a value for quick charging.
- the reason for increasing the charging voltage is to suppress the drooping of the charging current during large current charging in consideration of the voltage increase caused by the internal resistance of the battery cell 1 and the resistance by the electronic circuit.
- the aim is to shorten the charging time.
- Step ST12 Rapid charging is performed with the set charging voltage and charging current.
- Step ST13 It is determined whether or not the measured battery voltage is greater than the threshold voltage A during the quick charge.
- the threshold voltage A is a voltage having a value equal to or lower than a specified charging voltage.
- the initial value of the threshold voltage A is set to 4.24V.
- Step ST14 If the determination result in step ST13 is affirmative, that is, if the battery voltage is determined to be greater than the threshold voltage A, the charging current is decreased by a predetermined amount, for example, 0.1 ItA, and the threshold voltage A is increased by a predetermined amount by 10 mV. Processing is done.
- Step ST15 It is determined whether or not the relationship of (charging current ⁇ predetermined value) and (measured voltage ⁇ predetermined value) is established. For example, the relationship is (charging current ⁇ 0.71 ItA) and (measurement voltage ⁇ charging voltage). If this condition is satisfied, it is determined that the battery is near full charge, and the charge voltage is lowered from 5.0 V to the standard charge voltage. Then, the process returns to step ST4 (determining whether the measurement data is equal to or less than the set value). After step ST4, constant current and constant voltage charging is performed until full charging.
- constant current charging is performed with a controlled charging voltage and charging current, and charging is performed whenever the measured voltage of the secondary battery reaches the threshold voltage A (below the specified charging voltage of the battery cell 1).
- the current is sequentially reduced by, for example, 0.1 ItA.
- the charging current is lowered by one step, the measured voltage is also smaller than the threshold voltage A.
- the charging current is lowered by 0.1 ItA.
- FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating charging control according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the horizontal axis indicates the passage of time, and the vertical axis indicates voltage (mV) or current (mA) and SOC (%).
- the rapid charging is switched to the constant current / constant voltage charging.
- switching from rapid charging to constant current / constant voltage charging is performed in the present disclosure in which the charging current is gradually reduced. It is because there is sex.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged graph showing the charging voltage, charging current, and battery voltage up to time T.
- One vertical axis indicates voltage (mV) and the other vertical axis indicates current (mA).
- FIG. 4 shows a specified charging voltage 4350 (mV) (one-dot chain line) and an initial threshold voltage 4240 (mV) (one-dot chain line).
- the charging voltage is set to 5000 (mV) (reference numeral 11) and the charging current is set to 5274 (mA) (reference numeral 12).
- the charging current is reduced by 0.1 ItA (eg, 293 (mA)).
- the charging current is reduced, the battery voltage is once reduced.
- the charging current is reduced by 0.1 ItA.
- the SOC (reference numeral 14) increases. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, it is possible to charge up to about 41% in 15 minutes from the start of charging, about 71% in 30 minutes, and about 93% at 60 minutes.
- FIG. 5 shows the cycle characteristics. As can be seen from a comparison between the cycle characteristic 21 when the threshold voltage A for reducing the charging current is set to the specified charge voltage of the secondary battery and the cycle characteristic 22 when set to a value lower than the specified charge voltage. A large difference in capacity due to the passage of cycles occurs. In the method of reducing the charging current after detecting the specified charging voltage, the time for the state close to the specified charging voltage is lengthened, which causes a problem that the discharge capacity is greatly reduced.
- the charging parameters to be varied are set, for example, to values obtained by lowering the charging voltage and threshold voltage A by 10 (mV) from the specified charging voltage of the secondary battery when the charging current is reduced to 0.7 ItA of the nominal capacity by rapid charging. To do.
- the current value at the start of charging set for quick charging is also set to a value reduced by 0.1 ItA.
- a plurality of set values are prepared step by step, and for example, the charging voltage, threshold voltage A, and charging current can be lowered step by step whenever the number of cycles increases by a certain value. Long-term deterioration can be suppressed by such control that varies the charging parameter.
- the quick charge control of the present disclosure may operate only when the temperature of the secondary battery measured at the start of charging is in the normal temperature region. Furthermore, the charging current and / or the charging voltage may be changed depending on whether the environmental temperature is a low temperature region or a high temperature region.
- the above-described embodiment is an example in which the present disclosure is applied to a battery pack.
- charging may be controlled on the electronic device side.
- the battery pack 41 is provided with the battery cell 1 and the thermistor 4.
- the electronic device 42 includes a control unit 43 and a current detection resistor 44.
- a DC power source formed by the AC / DC converter 45 is used as a charging power source.
- the control unit 43 of the electronic device 42 performs the same control (see the flowchart of FIG. 2) as the control unit 2 of the embodiment described above. The same effect can be obtained by this configuration.
- the charging device 51 includes a control unit 53 and a current detection resistor 54, and the control unit 53 of the charging device 51 performs the same control (see the flowchart of FIG. 2) as the control unit 2 of the embodiment described above. The same effect can be obtained by this configuration.
- the embodiment described above is an example in which the present disclosure is applied to a battery pack having one battery cell 1.
- the present disclosure can be similarly applied to a battery pack having a battery in which a plurality of, for example, four battery cells 1 a, 1 b, 1 c, 1 d are connected in series. can get.
- this indication can also take the following structures.
- a secondary battery A measuring unit for measuring the voltage and current of the secondary battery; A measurement voltage and a measurement current from the measurement unit are supplied, and a control unit that controls a charging voltage and a charging current of the secondary battery,
- the controller is In order to charge the secondary battery, a current value exceeding its nominal capacity is set as the first charging current, While performing constant current charging with the set first charging current, the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a first threshold voltage smaller than a specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage becomes larger than the first threshold voltage, the first charging current is decreased to a second charging current, and the first threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to increase the second threshold value.
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with the second threshold voltage smaller than a specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage becomes larger than the second threshold voltage, the second charging current is decreased to a third charging current, and the second threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to increase the third threshold voltage. Voltage, When the comparison between the measured voltage and the threshold voltage and the change of the charging current and the threshold voltage are repeated, the nth charging current decreases to a predetermined value, and the measured voltage becomes larger than the predetermined value, the rapid Battery device that performs control to end charging. (2) The battery device according to (1), wherein the predetermined value compared with the n-th charging current is a value when switching from rapid charging to constant voltage charging.
- the battery device according to (1) or (2), wherein the predetermined value compared with the measurement voltage is a charging voltage.
- the charging voltage is set to a voltage higher than a specified charging voltage of the secondary battery.
- the control unit performs control so as to perform constant current constant voltage charging.
- a charging parameter is varied according to a deterioration state of the secondary battery.
- a charge control device for supplying a measurement voltage and a measurement current of a secondary battery to be charged and controlling the charging voltage and the charging current of the secondary battery,
- a current value exceeding its nominal capacity is set as the first charging current
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a first threshold voltage smaller than a specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage becomes larger than the first threshold voltage, the first charging current is decreased to a second charging current, and the first threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to increase the second threshold value.
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with the second threshold voltage smaller than a specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage becomes larger than the second threshold voltage, the second charging current is decreased to a third charging current, and the second threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to increase the third threshold voltage. Voltage, When the comparison between the measured voltage and the threshold voltage, the change of the charging current and the change of the threshold voltage are repeated, the nth charging current decreases to a predetermined value, and the measured voltage becomes larger than the predetermined value A charge control device that performs control to end quick charge. (8) The charging control device according to (7), wherein the charging voltage is set to a voltage higher than a specified charging voltage of the secondary battery.
- a charge control method for receiving a measurement voltage and a measurement current of a secondary battery to be charged and controlling a charging voltage and a charging current of the secondary battery In order to charge the secondary battery, a current value exceeding its nominal capacity is set as the first charging current, While performing constant current charging with the set first charging current, the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with a first threshold voltage smaller than a specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage becomes larger than the first threshold voltage, the first charging current is decreased to a second charging current, and the first threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to increase the second threshold value.
- the measured voltage of the secondary battery is compared with the second threshold voltage smaller than a specified charging voltage, When the measured voltage becomes larger than the second threshold voltage, the second charging current is decreased to a third charging current, and the second threshold voltage is increased by a predetermined amount to increase the third threshold voltage. Voltage, When the comparison between the measured voltage and the threshold voltage, the change of the charging current and the change of the threshold voltage are repeated, the nth charging current decreases to a predetermined value, and the measured voltage becomes larger than the predetermined value The charge control method which performs control which ends quick charge.
- Modification As mentioned above, although embodiment of this indication was described concretely, it is not limited to each above-mentioned embodiment, and various modification based on the technical idea of this indication is possible.
- the configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like given in the above-described embodiments are merely examples, and different configurations, methods, processes, shapes, materials, numerical values, and the like are used as necessary. Also good.
Abstract
Description
二次電池の電圧および電流を測定する測定部と、
測定部からの測定電圧および測定電流が供給され、二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する制御部とを有し、
制御部は、
二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
測定電圧が第1の閾値電圧より大となると、第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
測定電圧が第2の閾値電圧より大となると、第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、充電電流および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う電池装置である。
本開示は、充電対象の二次電池の測定電圧および測定電流が供給され、二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する充電制御装置であって、
二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
測定電圧が第1の閾値電圧より大となると、第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
測定電圧が第2の閾値電圧より大となると、第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、充電電流の変更および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う充電制御装置である。
本開示は、充電対象の二次電池の測定電圧および測定電流を受け取り、二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する充電制御方法であって、
二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
測定電圧が第1の閾値電圧より大となると、第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
測定電圧が第2の閾値電圧より大となると、第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、充電電流の変更および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う充電制御方法である。
なお、本開示の説明は、下記の順序にしたがってなされる。
<1.一実施の形態>
<2.変形例>
「バッテリパック」
本開示の一実施の形態は、図1に示すように、二次電池の電池セル1と制御部2と関連する素子とが同一の筐体(ケース)内に収納されているバッテリパックに対して本開示を適用したものである。電池セル1は、例えばリチウムイオン二次電池である。電池セル1の規定充電電圧が例えば4.35Vに設定されている。
制御部2によって電池セル1に対する充電動作が制御される。制御部2によってなされる制御は、図2のフローチャートで示される。なお、充電時には、充電装置の正負の出力端子とバッテリパックのコネクタ3a、3bとが接続され、充電装置の通信端子とコネクタ3c、3dとが接続される。充電装置は、一例として商用電源から所定の値の充電電圧と充電電流とを生成するものであり、バッテリパックの制御部2との通信によって、充電電圧および充電電流が設定される。通信方式としては、例えばシリアル通信が使用される。
ステップST1:充電が開始される。
ステップST2:電池セル1の電圧(電池電圧)が測定される。例えば2秒間測定され、その平均値が使用される。
ステップST3:測定電圧が所定の電圧例えば4.1V以上であるか、またはバッテリパックの温度が常温領域外であるか否かが調べられる。ステップST3は、満充電付近まで充電されているかどうかの判定と、急速充電を行うのに適した温度環境であるかどうかの判定とを行うものである。
ステップST5:ステップST4の判定結果が肯定の場合では、充電電圧が電池セル1の規定充電電圧(例えば4.35V)に設定される。
ステップST6:定電流定電圧充電が行われる。例えば規定の充電電圧として4.35Vが使用され、充電電流が0.7ItAに設定される。なお、電流ItAは、(ItA=定格容量(Ah)/1(h))と定義され、1Cと等しい値である。
ステップST8:満充電条件が成立することによって満充電が検出される。
ステップST9:そして、充電動作が終了する。
ステップST12:設定された充電電圧および充電電流によって急速充電を行う。
ステップST14:ステップST13の判定結果が肯定の場合、すなわち、電池電圧が閾値電圧Aより大と判定されると、充電電流が所定量例えば0.1ItA低下させると共に閾値電圧Aを所定量10mV上昇させる処理がなされる。
図3は、本開示の一実施の形態の充電制御を示すグラフである。図3の横軸が時間経過を示し、縦軸が電圧(mV)または電流(mA)とSOC(%)とを示す。このグラフでは、時刻Tにおいて、急速充電から定電流定電圧充電に切り換わっている。なお、急速充電から定電流定電圧充電に切り換えずに、満充電まで急速充電を行うようにしても良い。本開示の一実施の形態のように、急速充電から定電流定電圧充電に切り換えるのは、充電電流を次第に小とする本開示の場合では、急速充電のみでは、充電にかかる時間が長くなる可能性があるためである。
図4のグラフから分かるように、本開示の一実施の形態では、大電流で充電される期間において、閾値電圧が規定充電電圧(4350(mV))より小さい範囲に設定されている。本開示の発明者の実験等によると、サイクル経過による容量劣化には、二次電池の高電圧時間の他、高電圧状態での大電流による充電も関係があることが判明した。そのため、充電電流を逐次低減させていく制御では、初回の大電流充電時は閾値電圧Aを低く設定しておき、充電電流の低下に伴って閾値電圧Aを逐次上げていく制御を行なっている。この制御により、目標である急速充電と容量劣化の抑制を両立させている。
二次電圧の様々な測定データ(サイクル数、総動作時間、高電圧放置時間、高温放置時間、充放電時間、容量値、インピーダンス等)を参照して、測定データの値が設定した値以上になったと判定される場合、容量劣化が進んでいると判断して、充電パラメータを可変する。
(1)
二次電池と、
前記二次電池の電圧および電流を測定する測定部と、
前記測定部からの測定電圧および測定電流が供給され、前記二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する制御部とを有し、
前記制御部は、
前記二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第1の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、前記第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の前記第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第2の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、前記第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
前記測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、前記充電電流および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ前記測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う電池装置。
(2)
前記第nの充電電流と比較される所定値は、急速充電から定電圧充電に切り換わる場合の値とされる(1)に記載の電池装置。
(3)
前記測定電圧と比較される所定値は、充電電圧とされる(1)または(2)に記載の電池装置。
(4)
前記充電電圧を二次電池の規定充電電圧よりも高い電圧に設定するようにした(1)乃至(3)の何れかに記載の電池装置。
(5)
前記急速充電が終了すると、定電流定電圧充電を行うように前記制御部が制御を行う(1)乃至(4)の何れかに記載の電池装置。
(6)
前記二次電池の劣化状態に応じて充電パラメータを可変する(1)乃至(5)の何れかに記載の電池装置。
(7)
充電対象の二次電池の測定電圧および測定電流が供給され、前記二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する充電制御装置であって、
前記二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第1の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、前記第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の前記第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第2の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、前記第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
前記測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、前記充電電流の変更および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ前記測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う充電制御装置。
(8)
前記充電電圧を二次電池の規定充電電圧よりも高い電圧に設定するようにした(7)に記載の充電制御装置。
(9)
前記急速充電が終了すると、定電流定電圧充電を行うように制御する(7)または(8)に記載の充電制御装置。
(10)
前記二次電池の劣化状態に応じて充電パラメータを可変する(7)乃至(9)の何れかに記載の充電制御装置。
(11)
充電対象の二次電池の測定電圧および測定電流を受け取り、前記二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する充電制御方法であって、
前記二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第1の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、前記第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の前記第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第2の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、前記第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
前記測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、前記充電電流の変更および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ前記測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う充電制御方法。
以上、本開示の実施形態について具体的に説明したが、上述の各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本開示の技術的思想に基づく各種の変形が可能である。例えば、上述の実施形態において挙げた構成、方法、工程、形状、材料および数値などはあくまでも例に過ぎず、必要に応じてこれと異なる構成、方法、工程、形状、材料および数値などを用いても良い。
2,43,53 制御部
5,44,54 電流検出抵抗
Claims (11)
- 二次電池と、
前記二次電池の電圧および電流を測定する測定部と、
前記測定部からの測定電圧および測定電流が供給され、前記二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する制御部とを有し、
前記制御部は、
前記二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第1の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、前記第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の前記第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第2の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、前記第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
前記測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、前記充電電流および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ前記測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う電池装置。 - 前記第nの充電電流と比較される所定値は、急速充電から定電圧充電に切り換わる場合の値とされる請求項1に記載の電池装置。
- 前記測定電圧と比較される所定値は、充電電圧とされる請求項1に記載の電池装置。
- 前記充電電圧を二次電池の規定充電電圧よりも高い電圧に設定するようにした請求項1に記載の電池装置。
- 前記急速充電が終了すると、定電流定電圧充電を行うように前記制御部が制御を行う請求項1に記載の電池装置。
- 前記二次電池の劣化状態に応じて充電パラメータを可変する請求項1に記載の電池装置。
- 充電対象の二次電池の測定電圧および測定電流が供給され、前記二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する充電制御装置であって、
前記二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第1の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、前記第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の前記第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第2の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、前記第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
前記測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、前記充電電流の変更および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ前記測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う充電制御装置。 - 前記充電電圧を二次電池の規定充電電圧よりも高い電圧に設定するようにした請求項7に記載の充電制御装置。
- 前記急速充電が終了すると、定電流定電圧充電を行うように制御する請求項7に記載の充電制御装置。
- 前記二次電池の劣化状態に応じて充電パラメータを可変する請求項7に記載の充電制御装置。
- 充電対象の二次電池の測定電圧および測定電流を受け取り、前記二次電池の充電電圧および充電電流を制御する充電制御方法であって、
前記二次電池を充電するために、その公称容量を超えた電流値を第1の充電電流に設定し、
設定した第1の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の第1の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第1の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第1の充電電流を減少させて第2の充電電流にすると共に、前記第1の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第2の閾値電圧とし、
設定した第2の充電電流による定電流充電を行いながら、前記二次電池の測定電圧を規定充電電圧より小の前記第2の閾値電圧と比較し、
前記測定電圧が前記第2の閾値電圧より大となると、前記第2の充電電流を減少させて第3の充電電流にすると共に、前記第2の閾値電圧を所定量上昇させて第3の閾値電圧とし、
前記測定電圧と閾値電圧との比較と、前記充電電流の変更および閾値電圧の変更とを繰り返し、第nの充電電流が所定値まで低下し、且つ前記測定電圧が所定値より大となる場合に、急速充電を終了する
制御を行う充電制御方法。
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JPWO2016113791A1 (ja) | 2017-10-19 |
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