WO2016110208A1 - 一种 CaMg 2 基合金氢化物水解制氢材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种 CaMg 2 基合金氢化物水解制氢材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2016110208A1
WO2016110208A1 PCT/CN2015/099641 CN2015099641W WO2016110208A1 WO 2016110208 A1 WO2016110208 A1 WO 2016110208A1 CN 2015099641 W CN2015099641 W CN 2015099641W WO 2016110208 A1 WO2016110208 A1 WO 2016110208A1
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hydrogen
alloy
camg
preparation
crucible
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French (fr)
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欧阳柳章
段若明
王辉
刘江文
朱敏
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible storage of hydrogen, e.g. by hydrogen getters or electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible storage of hydrogen, e.g. by hydrogen getters or electrodes characterised by the uptaking media; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0018—Inorganic elements or compounds, e.g. oxides, nitrides, borohydrides or zeolites; Solutions thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B6/00—Hydrides of metals including fully or partially hydrided metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds ; Compounds containing at least one metal-hydrogen bond, e.g. (GeH3)2S, SiH GeH; Monoborane or diborane; Addition complexes thereof
    • C01B6/24—Hydrides containing at least two metals; Addition complexes thereof
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/023—Hydrogen absorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
    • C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents
    • C01B3/065—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of inorganic compounds with hydrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
    • C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
    • C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the design and preparation of a hydrogen storage material and the hydrogen production of a hydride by hydrogenation.
  • the alloying is performed on the basis of a CaMg 2 binary alloy, and the alloy phase structure is controlled to change the hydrogen storage property of the material;
  • the structure improves the kinetics of the hydrolysis reaction of the CaMg 2 based alloy hydride.
  • Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high combustion value, zero pollution, and rich elements, making it the second most energy source to replace traditional fossil energy.
  • the large-scale bursting and utilization of hydrogen energy is expected to solve the dual problems of current environmental degradation and energy shortage, but first solve the three major problems of hydrogen production, storage, transportation and application.
  • hydrogen is released by the hydrolysis reaction, and the reversibility is poor compared with the former, but the hydrolysis reaction can displace one H atom in H 2 0, so that The amount of hydrogen is greatly increased.
  • hydrogen production by hydrolysis has the characteristics of on-site hydrogen production.
  • the raw material is pure water, which does not require heating and pressure regulation, and its application is convenient and quick, and the operation is safe.
  • Millennium Battery Corporation Millennium Battery Corporation (Millennium)
  • the NaBH 4 -based hydrogen-feeding system introduced in 2001 was successfully applied to the Chrysler sodium fuel cell concept car, demonstrating the practicality of hydrolyzing hydrogen for hydrogen. Due to the many advantages of hydrogen production by hydrolysis, the hydrogen production unit for hydrogenation will inevitably occupy a place in the large-scale utilization of hydrogen energy.
  • the US Department of Energy proposes a target for a hydrogen storage system for vehicles that has a mass storage hydrogen density of not less than 6.5% and a volumetric hydrogen storage density of not less than 62 kg H 2 /m 3 .
  • the quality should be relatively high.
  • Light elements, CaMg 2 alloy has great potential considering safety and the availability of raw materials. Its theoretical hydrogen content is 6.3wt.%, the raw material source is wide, the price is low, but the hydrogen absorption temperature is too high, and the same hydrogenation reaction produces CaH 2 and MgH 2 , and the reversibility is low. It has been reported in the literature that CaH 2 and MgH 2 are hydrolyzed after ball milling, and CaH 2 can effectively improve MgH 2
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the hydrogen absorption performance of a CaMg 2 alloy, which has a hydrogen absorption temperature lower than 300 ° C to room temperature, and does not reduce its hydrogen storage amount as much as possible.
  • the invention preserves the effective hydrogen storage capacity of the alloy, improves the hydrogen absorption performance of the material, reduces the activation energy of the hydrogenation reaction, and forms a CaMg 2 based alloy hydride hydrolysis hydrogen production material, which will effectively improve the hydrogen absorption performance of CaMg 2 . And the hydrolysis properties of its hydride.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for applying hydrogen hydride of a CaMg 2 -based alloy formed by hydrogenation of the hydrogen storage alloy as a hydrolyzed hydrogen production material to hydrogen production by hydrolysis.
  • a CaMg 2 -based alloy hydride hydrolysis hydrogen production material having the general formula CaMg x M y H z , wherein M is Ni
  • the preparation method of the above materials comprises the following steps:
  • Step (1) is weighed according to the atomic ratio of the pure metal in the formula, and the atomic ratio of the pure metal is Ca: Mg: M is 1: (1.8-1.9): (0.1 0.2).
  • the excess of Ca and Mg in the step (1) is 6 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 8 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 as a burn-in.
  • the mass ratio of three pure metal blocks of Ca, Mg and M is calculated by adding 6% ⁇ 8 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 burning loss.
  • the order of Ni, Co and Fe is (42.4).
  • the purity of Ca in the step (1) is ⁇ 95 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4, and the purity of Mg and M is ⁇ 99 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4.
  • step (2) a vacuum is applied to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, and the pressure of the argon gas is 0.5 atm.
  • step (3) the alloy ingot is repeatedly smelted 2 to 3 times as described above.
  • step (1) The process of loading the pure metal block into the alumina crucible in step (1) and the process of chopping the alloy ingot are carried out in a glove box filled with an inert gas.
  • More than °C can absorb hydrogen, and the CaMg 2 based ternary alloy prepared by the present invention can absorb hydrogen at 25 °C.
  • phase composition of the material is mainly CaMg 2 phase
  • conventional hydrogen storage alloy is mainly CaNi 2 , CaNi 5
  • Mg 2 Ni is the base, and the hydrogen storage capacity is greatly increased compared with the latter.
  • the material produced by the present invention does not need to be activated, and can absorb hydrogen at room temperature, and the first hydrogen absorption amount reaches 90% of the theoretical hydrogen absorption amount.
  • the hydrogen release method of the material prepared by the invention is water liberation hydrogen, and the hydrogen production hydrogenate is hydrolyzed under normal temperature and pressure and pure water to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen production amount is as high as 11.85. Wt%, ie lg The material can release up to 1327.8mL of hydrogen, the hydrolysis reaction kinetics is faster, 96% of the theoretical hydrogen production is released within 8 minutes. Hydrogen production by reaction with water has the advantage of being free from environmental influences and convenient to produce, and the reaction product is harmless to the environment.
  • the material used in the invention is rich in resources, low in price, simple in preparation method, can be obtained by hydrogen absorption at normal temperature, has good hydrogen absorption performance, and the hydrogen produced by the hydrolysis reaction is pure, and can be directly used in a hydrogen fuel cell. , is conducive to industrial applications.
  • a, b, c, and d are respectively CaM gl . 8 Co. 2 , CaMg L8 Fe 0 . 2 , CaMg L8 Ni 0.2 , CaM gl . 9 Ni 0 .i , the main phase is CaMg 2
  • Ca-Mg-Ni alloy has C36 phase MgNi 2 between 20°-25° and 40°-50°
  • FIG. 3 is an XRD pattern of a CaMg L9 Ni ⁇ alloy after hydrogenation at room temperature.
  • FIG. 4 is an XRD pattern of the hydrogenated CaMg L9 Ni ⁇ alloy after dehydrogenation at 320 ° C. [0034] FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a backscattered electron imaging of a hydrogenated CaMg L9 Ni ⁇ alloy.
  • the alloy 6 is a hydrolysis kinetic curve of the alloy, the alloys are all 300 mesh particles, and the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in pure water.
  • the alloy is CaMg 2 alloy, hydrogenated CaMg 2 alloy, CaMg L 9 Ni ftl
  • Embodiment 1 [0040] The steps for preparing the CaMg L9 Ni ⁇ - ⁇ hydride are as follows:
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained (the X-ray diffraction pattern of which is shown in part d of Fig. 1).
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hammered hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 25 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 15 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 group.
  • Alloy hydride hydrolysis hydrogen production material (the X-ray diffraction pattern is shown in Figure 3). The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the atomic ratio Ca: Mg: Ni is 1:1.8: 0.2 pure metal (purity greater than 99%), and the burn loss of both Ca and Mg is 7%.
  • the well-prepared metals Ca, Mg, and Ni are sequentially placed in the prepared crucible (with a vent on the crucible), wherein the metal Ni block is topped.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained (the X-ray diffraction pattern thereof is shown in part c of Fig. 1).
  • the alloy was taken out, placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 40 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 12 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to that before alloying.
  • the hydrogen absorption kinetics curve is shown in Figure 2, and the hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen in water at room temperature, and its kinetic curve is as shown in Fig. 7. It can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes. Can be very good.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained (the X-ray diffraction pattern thereof is shown in part a of Fig. 1).
  • the alloy was taken out, placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 100 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated crucible for 10 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at a room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 10 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • the high-frequency induction melting furnace heat the bottom power for 2 ⁇ 3 minutes, then increase the power to melt the alloy to the liquid and keep it for 1 minute to mix the molten metal uniformly. Then, the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained. The alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hammered hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 100 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 14 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy. Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material. The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder.
  • the pure metal (purity greater than 99%) having an atomic ratio of Ca:Mg:Fe of 1:1.8:0.2 was weighed, and the burnt loss of both Ca and Mg was 7%. Then, the weighed metals Ca, Mg, and Fe are sequentially placed in the prepared crucible (the vent is provided with a vent), and the metal Fe block is topped. Install the crucible into a high-frequency induction melting furnace, evacuate to 5x10 - 3 Pa, and then pass 0.5atm of argon as a shielding gas. Start the high-frequency induction melting furnace, heat the bottom power for 2 ⁇ 3 minutes, then increase the power to melt the alloy to the liquid and keep it for 1 minute to mix the molten metal uniformly.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained (the X-ray diffraction pattern thereof is shown in part b of Fig. 1).
  • the alloy was taken out, placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 100 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated crucible for 10 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at a room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 10 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • a pure metal (purity greater than 99%) having an atomic ratio of Ca:Mg:Fe of 1:1.9:0.1 was weighed, and the burned loss of Ca and Mg was 7% and 6%, respectively. Then, the weighed metals Ca, Mg, and Fe are sequentially placed in the prepared crucible (the vent is provided with a vent), and the metal Fe block is topped. Install the crucible into a high-frequency induction melting furnace, evacuate to 5x10 - 3 Pa , and then pass 0.5atm of argon as a shielding gas. Start the high-frequency induction melting furnace, heat the bottom power for 2 ⁇ 3 minutes, then increase the power to melt the alloy to the liquid and keep it for 1 minute to mix the molten metal uniformly.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained.
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hammered hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 100 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 14 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 10 minutes. Very good.
  • the atomic ratio Ca: Mg: Ni is 1:1.6: 0.4 pure metal (purity greater than 99%), and the burn loss of both Ca and Mg is 8%.
  • the well-prepared metals Ca, Mg, and Ni are sequentially placed in the prepared crucible (with a vent on the crucible), wherein the metal Ni block is topped.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained.
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen-storing alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 40 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 10 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at a room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained.
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 80 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 45 atm, and a hydrogenation of ruthenium for 7 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • Example 9 Example 9:
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained.
  • the alloy was taken out, placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen-storing alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 100 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenation of ruthenium for 8 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at a room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • the atomic ratio Ca: Mg: Ni is 1: 1.9: 0.1 pure metal (purity greater than 99%), wherein the burning loss of Ca and Mg is 7% and 6%, respectively.
  • the well-prepared metals Ca, Mg, and Ni are sequentially placed in the prepared crucible (with a vent on the crucible), wherein the metal Ni block is topped.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained (the X-ray diffraction pattern of which is shown in part d of Fig. 1).
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hammered hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 40 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 8 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 group.
  • Alloy hydride hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to that before alloying.
  • the hydrogen absorption kinetics curve is shown in Figure 2, and the hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%. Hydrogenation of hydrolyzed hydrogen production material in pure water at room temperature Hydrogen, its kinetic curve as shown in Figure 7, can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is very good.
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 60 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 40 atm, and a hydrogenation of ruthenium for 5 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to that before alloying.
  • the hydrogen absorption kinetics curve is shown in Figure 2, and the hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at room temperature in pure water, and its kinetic curve is as shown in Fig. 7. It can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent. .
  • the alloy was taken out, placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 80 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 40 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 3 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and easy The alloy powder is obtained. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to that before alloying.
  • the hydrogen absorption kinetics curve is shown in Figure 2, and the hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at room temperature in pure water, and its kinetic curve is as shown in Fig. 7. It can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent. .
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained (the X-ray diffraction pattern thereof is shown in part a of Fig. 1).
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 80 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 55 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 8 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at a room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 10 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • the atomic ratio of Ca: Mg:Fe was 1:1.8:0.2 pure metal (purity greater than 99%), and the burnt loss of both Ca and Mg was 7%.
  • the weighed metals Ca, Mg, and Fe are sequentially placed in the prepared crucible (the vent is provided with a vent), and the metal Fe block is topped.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained (the X-ray diffraction pattern thereof is shown in part b of Fig. 1).
  • the alloy is taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas.
  • the hydrogen storage alloy powder is hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 80 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, hydrogen. 8h, the CaMg 2 based alloy hydride hydrolysis hydrogen production material was obtained.
  • the alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at a room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 10 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained.
  • the alloy was taken out and placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hammered hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 80 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenation of ruthenium for 6 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained.
  • the alloy was taken out, placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 40 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 45 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 10 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogenation Hydrolysis of hydrogen production materials The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at a room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 8 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.
  • the atomic ratio of Ca: Mg:Fe is 1:1.6:0.4 pure metal (purity greater than 99%), and the burning loss of both Ca and Mg is 8%.
  • the weighed metals Ca, Mg, and Fe are sequentially placed in the prepared crucible (the vent is provided with a vent), and the metal Fe block is topped.
  • the alloy ingot is obtained by cooling with the furnace, remelted twice and then cooled with the furnace.
  • a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg 2 was obtained.
  • the alloy was taken out, placed in a glove box filled with an inert gas, and the hydrogen storage alloy powder was hydrogenated at a hydrogenation temperature of 40 ° C, a hydrogen pressure of 50 atm, and a hydrogenated ruthenium for 12 hours to obtain a CaMg 2 -based alloy.
  • Hydrogen hydrolysis hydrogen production material The alloy is brittle and it is easy to obtain an alloy powder. Its hydrogen storage performance is significantly improved compared to before alloying, and hydrogen absorption activation energy is reduced by 30%.
  • the hydrolyzed hydrogen production material after hydrogenation liberates hydrogen at room temperature in pure water, and can release more than 90% of its theoretical hydrogen release amount in 10 minutes, and the water liberation hydrogen performance is excellent.

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Abstract

提供一种CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料及其制备方法和应用。该材料的通式为CaMg xM yH z，其中M为Ni、Co或Fe，1.5≤x＜2.0，0＜y≤0.5，3≤z＜6。该材料的制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)将三种纯金属块材叠放于坩埚中，其中M金属块材顶置；(2)将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中，抽真空，通入氩气；(3)启动高频感应熔炼炉，先用低功率加热，再加大功率使之均匀融合；之后随炉冷却，得到合金锭，锤碎后得到以CaMg 2为基的储氢合金；(4)将锤碎后的储氢合金进行氢化，得到水解制氢材料。该制备方法简单，成本低，该材料可在常温吸氢，吸氢性能好，制得的氢气纯净，可直接通入氢燃料电池使用。

Description

一种 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料及其制备方法和
Figure imgf000003_0001
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及储氢材料的设计、 制备及其氢化物的水解制氢， 是在 CaMg 2二元合 金的基础上进行合金化， 调控合金相结构改变材料的储氢性能； 设计氢化相的 结构， 提高 CaMg 2基合金氢化物的水解反应动力学性能。
背景技术
[0002] 氢能具有高燃烧值、 零污染、 元素丰富等优点， 使其成为最有潜力替代传统化 石能源的二次能源。 氢能的大规模幵发和利用有望解决当下环境恶化和能源短 缺双重问题， 但先要解决氢的制取、 储运和应用三大问题。 释放储氢合金中氢 气的方法除了氢化反应的逆反应之外， 还有利用水解反应放氢， 与前者相比， 其可逆性差， 但水解反应能置换出 H 20中的一个 H原子， 使得放氢量大大增加。 而且水解制氢有着现场制氢的特点， 原料为纯水， 不需加热和压力调节， 其应 用方便快捷， 操作安全。 美国千年电池公司 （Millennium
Cell) 于 2001年推出的 NaBH 4基即吋供氢系统成功应用于 Chrysler钠型燃料电池 概念车， 证实了水解供氢即吋的实用性。 由于水解制氢的诸多优点， 水解制氢 装置在氢能的大规模利用中必然会占有一席之地。
美国能源部 （DOE) 对于车用氢气储存系统提出的目标是质量储氢密度不低于 6.5% , 体积储氢密度不低于 62kg H 2/m 3， 要达到该目标， 应选用质量相对较轻 的元素， 考虑到安全性和原料易得的程度， CaMg 2合金具有较大潜力。 其理论 含氢量为 6.3wt.%， 原料来源广泛， 价格低廉， 但吸氢温度过高， 同吋氢化反应 生成CaH 2和MgH 2， 可逆性低。 有文献报道 CaH 2与MgH 2球磨后进行水解反应 ， CaH 2能有效改善 MgH 2
水解反应的速度和程度， 30min后达到理论放氢量的 80%。 若以 CaMg 2为原料， 氢化后原位生成弥散的 CaH ^BMgH 2必将更有助于提高水解反应的动力学性能 [0004] 但 CaMg 2需在高温高压下才能氢化， 氢化反应激活能较高。 如何降低其激活能 在工业生产中将变得十分重要， 用更少的能量得到其氢化物， 进而水解制氢是 目前需要解决的技术难题。
技术问题
[0005] 本发明的首要目的在于提供一种改善 CaMg 2合金的吸氢性能的方法， 该方法使 其吸氢温度从 300°C以上降到室温， 同吋尽量不减少其储氢量。 本发明通过合金 化， 尽量保留合金有效储氢量， 提高材料的吸氢性能， 降低氢化反应激活能， 生成一种 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料， 将有效改善 CaMg 2的吸氢性能及 其氢化物的水解性能。
[0006] 本发明的另一目的在于提供上述制备方法制备的 CaMg 2_XM x (x=0.1或 0.2,M为 Ni 、 Fe或 Co)储氢合金。
[0007] 本发明的再一目的在于提供所述储氢合金氢化后生成的 CaMg 2基合金氢化物作 为水解制氢材料应用于水解制氢的方法。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0008] 本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现：
[0009] 一种 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料， 其通式为 CaMg xM yH z， 其中 M为 Ni
、 Co或 Fe， 1.5≤x< 2.0, 0< y≤0.5 , 3≤z < 6=
[0010] 上述材料的制备方法， 包括以下步骤：
[0011] (1) 将 Ca、 Mg、 M三种纯金属块材叠放于坩埚中， 其中 M金属块材顶置； [0012] (2) 将步骤 （1) 中装好样的坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空， 通入氩 气作保护气， 其中坩埚上部幵有通气口 （通气口的位置高于块材总高度， 防止 金属熔成液态流出） ；
[0013] (3) 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 先用底功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率， 待金属块 材熔成液态后保持一定吋间使之均匀融合； 之后随炉冷却， 得到合金锭， 合金 锭锤碎后得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金；
[0014] (4) 将锤碎后的储氢合金进行氢化， 氢化温度为 25-100°C， 氢压为 40-60atm， 吋间 l~15h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 [0015] 步骤 （1) 按通式中纯金属的原子比称重， 所述纯金属的原子比 Ca: Mg: M为 1： (1.8-1.9) ： (0.1 0.2)。
[0016] 步骤 （1) 中所述 Ca和 Mg过量 6<¾~8<¾作为烧损。
[0017] 在通式 CaMg 2— XM x
(0.1≤x< 0.2)的基础上加上 6%~8<¾的烧损计算得到 Ca、 Mg、 M三种纯金属块材的 质量比， 按 Ni， Co, Fe的顺序分别为 (42.4~43.2):(46.4~49.9):(5.8~11.7)， (42.4-43 .2)：(46.4~49.9):(5.9~11.8)， （42.4~43.2):(46.4~49.9):(5.6~11.2)。
[0018] 步骤 （1) 中所述 Ca的纯度≥95<¾， Mg、 M的纯度≥99<¾。
[0019] 步骤 （2) 中抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 通入氩气的压强为 0.5atm。
[0020] 步骤 （3) 中合金锭按前述方法反复熔炼 2~3次。
[0021] 步骤 （1) 中纯金属块材装入氧化铝坩埚的过程以及合金锭捶碎的过程均是在 充满惰性气体的手套箱中进行。
[0022] 所述合金氢化前无需活化； 制得的 CaMg 2_xM x -H(X=0.1或0.2,M为Ni、 Fe或 Co) 储氢材料用于水解制氢装置、 燃料电池、 氢化物储氢装置、 蓄热输热、 氢分离 回收。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0023] 本发明与现有技术相比， 具有以下的效果和优点：
[0024] (1) 本发明与未合金化的 CaMg 2相比， 吸氢性能得到巨大改善， CaMg 2在 300
°C以上才能吸氢， 而本发明制备的以 CaMg 2为基的三元合金能在 25°C下吸氢。
[0025] (2) 材料制备上， 使用高频感应熔炼方法， 炼制熔点差异大的合金， 对低熔 点合金要考虑烧损率。
[0026] (3) 材料制备上， 与粉末烧结和用钽容器包覆加热相比， 更加经济， 功耗更 少。
[0027] (4) 材料的相组成主要是 CaMg 2相， 而传统储氢合金主要以 CaNi 2、 CaNi 5
、 Mg 2Ni为基， 与后者相比储氢量大大增高。
[0028] (5) 与传统储氢材料不同， 本发明所制材料无需活化， 室温下能吸氢， 首次 吸氢量达到理论吸氢量的 90%。 [0029] (6) 与传统储氢材料不同， 本发明所制材料的放氢方式为水解放氢， 该水解 制氢材料在常温常压下和纯水发生水解产生氢气， 产氢量高达 11.85wt%， 即 lg 该材料最多可放出 1327.8mL氢气， 水解反应动力学较快， 8分钟内放出理论产氢 量的 96%。 与水反应制氢具有不受环境影响， 制取方便的优点， 且反应产物对环 境无害。
[0030] (7) 本发明所用材料资源丰富， 价格低廉， 制备方法简单， 可在常温下吸氢 得到， 吸氢性能好， 且水解反应制得的氢气纯净， 可直接通入氢燃料电池使用 ， 有利于工业应用。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0031] 图 1是本发明所制备合金的 XRD图。 a,b,c,d分别为 CaMg l.8Co。.2， CaMg L8Fe 0.2 ， CaMg L8Ni 0.2 , CaMg l.9Ni 0.i , 主相均为 CaMg 2
， Ca-Mg-Ni合金在 20°-25°、 40°-50°间有 C36相 MgNi 2
的峰， Ca-Mg-Co、 Ca-Mg-Fe合金除主相 CaMg 2外未发现明显杂峰。
[0032] 图 2是本发明制备 CaMg Ni ι合金的吸氢动力学曲线， 吸氢温度从室温到 80°C
[0033] 图 3是 CaMg L9Ni ι合金在室温下氢化后的 XRD图谱。
[0034] 图 4是氢化后的 CaMg L9Ni ι合金在 320°C下脱氢后的 XRD图谱。
[0035] 图 5是氢化后的 CaMg L9Ni ι合金的背散射电子成像。
[0036] 图 6是合金的水解动力学曲线， 合金均为 300目颗粒， 在纯水中进行水解反应。
合金分别为 CaMg 2合金， 氢化后的 CaMg 2合金， CaMg L9Ni ftl
合金， 氢化后的 CaMg L9Ni ftl合金,去氢化的 CaMg L9Ni ftl-H合金。
[0037] 图 7是氢化后的 CaMg L9Ni ι水解动力学曲线。
实施该发明的最佳实施例
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0038] 下面结合一些实例对本发明作进一步的详细说明， 但本发明的实施方式不限于 此。
[0039] 实施例 1 [0040] 制备 CaMg L9Ni ι-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0041] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Ni为 1 : 1.9： 0.1的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， ， 其中 Ca 、 Mg的烧损分别为 7%和 6%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Ni依次放入准备好的坩 埚 （坩埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Ni块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼 炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混 合， 之后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢 合金 （其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 d部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的 手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 25°C， 氢压为 50at m， 氢化吋间 15h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料 （其 X射线衍射图谱 见附图 3) 。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显 著改善， 其吸氢动力学曲线见附图 2， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解 制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放氢， 其动力学曲线如附图 7， 在 8分钟内即可放 出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优良 （如附图 6) 。
[0042] 实施例 2:
[0043] 制备 CaMg L8Ni 2-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0044] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Ni为 1 : 1.8： 0.2的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 7%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Ni依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Ni块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金 ( 其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 c部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱 中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 40°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢 化吋间 12h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到 合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 其吸氢动力学曲线见附图 2， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放氢， 其 动力学曲线如附图 7， 在 8分钟内即可放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性 能十分优良。
[0045] 实施例 3:
[0046] 制备 CaMg L8Co 2-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0047] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Co为 1 : 1.8： 0.2的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 7%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Co依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Co块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金 ( 其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 a部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱 中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 100°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢 化吋间 10h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到 合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢 化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放氢， 能在 10分钟内放出其理论放氢 量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优良。
[0048] 实施例 4:
[0049] 制备 CaMg L9Co ι-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0050] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Co为 1 : 1.9： 0.1的纯金属 (纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损分别为 7%和 6%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Co依次放入准备好的坩 埚 （坩埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Co块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼 炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混 合， 之后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢 合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金 粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 100°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢化吋间 14h， 得到 CaMg 2基合 金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合 金化之前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温 下纯水中水解放氢， 能在 10分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能 十分优良。
[0051] 实施例 5:
[0052] 制备 CaMg L8Fe。.2-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0053] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Fe为 1 : 1.8： 0.2的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 7%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Fe依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Fe块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金 ( 其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 b部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱 中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 100°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢 化吋间 10h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到 合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢 化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放氢， 能在 10分钟内放出其理论放氢 量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优良。
[0054] 实施例 6:
[0055] 制备 CaMg L9Fe ι-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0056] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Fe为 1 : 1.9： 0.1的纯金属 (纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损分别为 7%和 6%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Fe依次放入准备好的坩 埚 （坩埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Fe块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼 炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混 合， 之后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢 合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金 粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 100°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢化吋间 14h， 得到 CaMg 2基合 金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合 金化之前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温 下纯水中水解放氢， 能在 10分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能 十分优良。
[0057] 实施例 7:
[0058] 制备 CaMg L6Ni。.4-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0059] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Ni为 1 : 1.6： 0.4的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 8%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Ni依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Ni块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行 氢化， 氢化温度为 40°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢化吋间 10h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化 物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之 前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水 中水解放氢， 能在 8分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优 良。
[0060] 实施例 8:
[0061] 制备 CaMg L6Co。.4-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0062] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Co为 1 : 1.6： 0.4的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 8%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Co依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Co块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行 氢化， 氢化温度为 80°C， 氢压为 45atm， 氢化吋间 7h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物 水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前 有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中 水解放氢， 能在 8分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优良 [0063] 实施例 9:
[0064] 制备 CaMg L6Fe。.4-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0065] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Fe为 1 : 1.6： 0.4的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 8%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Fe依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Fe块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行 氢化， 氢化温度为 100°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢化吋间 8h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化 物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之 前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水 中水解放氢， 能在 8分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优 良。
[0066] 实施例 10:
[0067] 制备 CaMg L9Ni ι-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0068] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Ni为 1 : 1.9： 0.1的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， ， 其中 Ca 、 Mg的烧损分别为 7%和 6%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Ni依次放入准备好的坩 埚 （坩埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Ni块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼 炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混 合， 之后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢 合金 （其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 d部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的 手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 40°C， 氢压为 50at m， 氢化吋间 8h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于 得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 其吸氢动力学曲线见附 图 2， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放 氢， 其动力学曲线如附图 7， 在 8分钟内即可放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解 放氢性能十分优良。
[0069] 实施例 11 :
[0070] 制备 CaMg L9Ni ι-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0071] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Ni为 1 : 1.9： 0.1的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 其中 Ca、
Mg的烧损分别为 7%和 6%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Ni依次放入准备好的坩埚
(坩埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Ni块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉 中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底 功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合 ， 之后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合 金 （其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 d部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手 套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 60°C， 氢压为 40atm ， 氢化吋间 5h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于 得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 其吸氢动力学曲线见附 图 2， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放 氢， 其动力学曲线如附图 7， 在 8分钟内即可放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解 放氢性能十分优良。
[0072] 实施例 12:
[0073] 制备 CaMg L9Ni ι-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0074] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Ni为 1 : 1.9： 0.1的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 其中 Ca、
Mg的烧损分别为 7%和 6%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Ni依次放入准备好的坩埚
(坩埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Ni块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉 中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底 功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合 ， 之后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合 金 （其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 d部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手 套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 80°C， 氢压为 40atm ， 氢化吋间 3h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于 得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 其吸氢动力学曲线见附 图 2， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放 氢， 其动力学曲线如附图 7， 在 8分钟内即可放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解 放氢性能十分优良。
[0075] 实施例 13:
[0076] 制备 CaMg L8Co。.2-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0077] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Co为 1 : 1.8： 0.2的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 7%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Co依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Co块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金 ( 其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 a部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱 中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 80°C， 氢压为 55atm， 氢 化吋间 8h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到 合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢 化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放氢， 能在 10分钟内放出其理论放氢 量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优良。
[0078] 实施例 14:
[0079] 制备 CaMg L8Fe 2-Η氢化物的步骤如下：
[0080] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Fe为 1 : 1.8： 0.2的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 7%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Fe依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Fe块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金 ( 其 X射线衍射图谱见附图 1中 b部分） 。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱 中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行氢化， 氢化温度为 80°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢 化吋间 8h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到 合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢 化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中水解放氢， 能在 10分钟内放出其理论放氢 量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优良。
[0081] 实施例 15:
[0082] 制备 CaMg L6Ni。.4-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0083] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Ni为 1 : 1.6： 0.4的纯金属 （纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 8%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Ni依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Ni块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行 氢化， 氢化温度为 80°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢化吋间 6h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物 水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之前 有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水中 水解放氢， 能在 8分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优良
[0084] 实施例 16:
[0085] 制备 CaMg L6Co。.4-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0086] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Co为 1 : 1.6： 0.4的纯金属 (纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 8%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Co依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Co块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行 氢化， 氢化温度为 40°C， 氢压为 45atm， 氢化吋间 10h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化 物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之 前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水 中水解放氢， 能在 8分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优 良。
[0087] 实施例 17:
[0088] 制备 CaMg L6Fe。.4-H氢化物的步骤如下：
[0089] 称取原子比 Ca: Mg: Fe为 1 : 1.6： 0.4的纯金属 (纯度大于 99%) ， 并加入 Ca 、 Mg的烧损均为 8%。 再将称好的金属 Ca、 Mg、 Fe依次放入准备好的坩埚 （坩 埚上设有通气口） 中， 其中金属 Fe块置顶。 将坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 再通入 0.5atm氩气作保护气。 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 底功率 加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率熔炼合金至液态并保持 1分钟使金属液均匀混合， 之 后随炉冷却得到合金锭， 重熔 2次后随炉冷却， 得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金。 将合金取出后放入充满惰性气体的手套箱中捶碎， 将锤碎后的储氢合金粉进行 氢化， 氢化温度为 40°C， 氢压为 50atm， 氢化吋间 12h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化 物水解制氢材料。 该合金为脆性， 易于得到合金粉。 其储氢性能相比合金化之 前有显著改善， 吸氢激活能降低了 30%。 将氢化后的水解制氢材料在室温下纯水 中水解放氢， 能在 10分钟内放出其理论放氢量的 90%以上， 水解放氢性能十分优

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种 CaMg 2
基合金氢化物水解制氢材料， 其特征在于， 其通式为 CaMg xM yH z， 其中 M为 Ni、 Co或 Fe， 1.5≤x< 2.0, 0< y≤0.5 , 3≤z< 6=
[权利要求 2] 权利要求 1所述材料的制备方法， 其特征在于， 包括以下步骤：
(1) 将 Ca、 Mg、 M三种纯金属块材叠放于坩埚中， 其中 M金属块材 顶置；
(2) 将步骤 （1) 中装好样的坩埚安装到高频感应熔炼炉中， 抽真空 ， 通入氩气作保护气， 其中坩埚上部幵有通气口；
(3) 启动高频感应熔炼炉， 先用底功率加热 2~3分钟， 再加大功率， 待金属块材熔成液态后保持一定吋间使之均匀融合； 之后随炉冷却， 得到合金锭， 合金锭锤碎后得到以 CaMg 2为基的储氢合金；
(4) 将锤碎后的储氢合金进行氢化， 氢化温度为 25-100°C， 氢压为 4 0-60atm, 吋间 l~15h， 得到 CaMg 2基合金氢化物水解制氢材料。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的制备方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （1) 按通式中纯 金属的原子比称重， 所述纯金属的原子比 Ca: Mg: M为 1 : (1.8-1.9
) ： (0.1 0.2)。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 3所述的制备方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （1) 中所述 Ca 和 Mg过量 6<¾~8<¾作为烧损。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 2或 3或 4所述的制备方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （1) 中所 述 Ca的纯度≥95<¾， Mg、 M的纯度≥99<¾。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的制备方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （2) 中抽真 空至 5x10 - 3Pa， 通入氩气的压强为 0.5atm。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的制备方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （3) 中合金 锭按前述方法反复熔炼 2~3次。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的制备方法， 其特征在于， 步骤 （1) 中纯金 属块材装入氧化铝坩埚的过程以及合金锭捶碎的过程均是在充满惰性 气体的手套箱中进行。 [权利要求 9] 权利要求 1所述材料的应用， 其特征在于， 该材料用于水解制氢装置
、 燃料电池、 氢化物储氢装置、 蓄热输热、 氢分离回收。
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