WO2016068053A1 - 多糖類誘導体及びリグニン誘導体の製造方法 - Google Patents
多糖類誘導体及びリグニン誘導体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016068053A1 WO2016068053A1 PCT/JP2015/080036 JP2015080036W WO2016068053A1 WO 2016068053 A1 WO2016068053 A1 WO 2016068053A1 JP 2015080036 W JP2015080036 W JP 2015080036W WO 2016068053 A1 WO2016068053 A1 WO 2016068053A1
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- ALVWERGJJMODHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN[NH+](CC=C)[O-] Chemical compound CN[NH+](CC=C)[O-] ALVWERGJJMODHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/06—Cellulose acetate, e.g. mono-acetate, di-acetate or tri-acetate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
- C07G1/00—Lignin; Lignin derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B11/00—Preparation of cellulose ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B11/00—Preparation of cellulose ethers
- C08B11/02—Alkyl or cycloalkyl ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B3/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of organic acids
- C08B3/16—Preparation of mixed organic cellulose esters, e.g. cellulose aceto-formate or cellulose aceto-propionate
- C08B3/18—Aceto-butyrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/005—Lignin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a polysaccharide derivative and a lignin derivative.
- biomass which is a biological resource.
- lignocellulose biological resources
- a separation step for each component is currently essential.
- polysaccharide cellulose and hemicellulose
- lignin is selectively decomposed, and one component in biomass is recovered as a high molecular compound and the other component is recovered as a low molecular compound.
- it is converted into a useful chemical substance by organic chemical or biochemical conversion.
- high-purity wood pulp / cotton linter (the main component is cellulose) through wood chips as a raw material, through a cooking process, a selection / washing process, an enzyme delignification process, a bleaching process, etc. )
- the wood pulp / cotton linter is activated by pretreatment, acetic anhydride, acetic acid and sulfuric acid as a catalyst are added to cellulose in the acetylation process, the esterification reaction is performed, and the desired acetylation degree is passed through the aging process Is produced.
- the above production process is economically and thermally disadvantageous and therefore has not yet been replaced by existing petrochemicals.
- lignin is a polymer compound composed of an aromatic compound, and is a main component constituting the cell wall of plants together with polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose). Although it is obtained as a by-product of the paper pulp manufacturing process or the bioethanol manufacturing process, it is mainly used as a fuel and its industrial use is not progressing.
- ionic liquids have been proposed for the treatment of biomass.
- ionic liquids are used for the pretreatment process of biomass and are used for the purpose of partially relaxing the structure of the biomass. Therefore, degradation reactions such as degradation of polysaccharide components by the subsequent enzymatic saccharification reaction are essential, and the current situation is economically disadvantageous when compared with existing technologies.
- techniques for easily synthesizing and separating polysaccharide derivatives such as polysaccharide esters and lignin derivatives such as lignin esters directly from biomass are considered to be thermodynamically and economically advantageous, they have been difficult to realize.
- Non-Patent Document 1 uses 1,5,7-triazabicyclo [4.4.0] deca-5 using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), which is an ionic liquid, as a solvent.
- BMIMCl 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- a method for esterifying cellulose using ene (TBD) as a catalyst is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that cellulose is swollen with acetic acid, reacted with acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid to obtain cellulose acetate (cellulose derivative), and then the cellulose derivative and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.
- Non-Patent Document 1 is disadvantageous in that a separate catalyst is required in addition to the ionic liquid. Moreover, since the technique of the said patent document 1 uses a sulfuric acid as a catalyst, there existed a subject in the point of waste disposal, and also had the problem that molecular weight fell by use of a strong acid. Furthermore, in Patent Document 1, a carboxylic acid anhydride or the like is used as an esterifying agent, and the carboxylic acid anhydride is corrosive and is disadvantageous in terms of process.
- the present invention is not limited to a catalyst, a cocatalyst, and an active compound, and is produced by using a polysaccharide such as cellulose or lignin as a raw material by esterification or etherification while maintaining a high molecular weight. It aims at providing the method of manufacturing a saccharide derivative and a lignin derivative.
- the specific ionic liquid dissolves not only polysaccharides such as cellulose or biomass containing lignin but also lignocellulose, and at the same time,
- the carbene which is the most powerful organic molecular catalyst, is automatically generated from these ionic liquids, and it has been found that this carbene can also function as a catalyst for derivatizing a polysaccharide or lignin, and has completed the invention. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the reaction is carried out in a mixture comprising a raw material containing lignin, an ionic liquid capable of forming a carbene having a pKa of 12-19 in the DMSO of an anionic conjugate acid, and a chain or cyclic ester compound or an epoxy compound.
- a method for producing a lignin derivative (12) The method for producing a lignin derivative according to the above (11), wherein the mixture contains two or more kinds of chain or cyclic ester compounds.
- a polysaccharide derivative or lignin derivative such as an ester compound or an ether compound can be efficiently obtained using a polysaccharide or lignin such as cellulose as a raw material without using a catalyst separately.
- a polysaccharide or lignin such as cellulose as a raw material without using a catalyst separately.
- biomass containing lignocellulose as a raw material cellulose derivatives and lignin derivatives can be obtained directly while maintaining a high degree of polymerization without going through the steps of dividing each component, greatly reducing production costs. it can.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a 1 H NMR spectrum in DMSO-d 6 of a lignin derivative (D) obtained from a cedar according to No. 4 (* is a peak derived from a residual solvent).
- Lignin derivative (A) obtained from bagasse according to Example 1
- lignin derivative (B) obtained from kenaf according to Example 2
- lignin derivative (C) obtained from eucalyptus according to Example 3
- Example 4 is a diagram showing an FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) of a lignin derivative (D) obtained from a cedar according to No. 4.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a 1 H NMR spectrum of DMSO-d 6 of commercially available cellulose acetate (A) and cellulose acetate (B) synthesized according to Example 5 (* is a peak derived from a residual solvent).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) of commercially available chitin (A) and a chitin derivative (B) synthesized according to Example 6.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a 1 H NMR spectrum of cellulose ether synthesized in Example 7 in DMSO-d 6 .
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a 1 H NMR spectrum of polyester synthesized in Example 8 in CDCl 3 .
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) of cellulose (A) and polyester (B) synthesized in Example 8.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) of cellulose (A) before reaction and product (B) in Comparative Example 1. It is a figure which shows IR spectrum of the cellulose of the raw material in Example 9, and the synthetic cellulose acetate butyrate.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a 1 H NMR spectrum of cellulose acetate butyrate synthesized in Example 9 in CDCl 3 . It is a graph which shows the change of the substitution degree of the acetyl group of a product with respect to the usage-amount of the vinyl butyrate in Example 9, and a butyryl group.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing 1 H NMR spectra of lignin acetate synthesized in Example 11 and lignin as a raw material.
- Example 4 is a diagram showing an FT-IR spectrum of lignin acetate synthesized in Example 11 and lignin as a raw material.
- Product in Reference Example 1 is a diagram showing the 1 H NMR spectrum of the chloride lauric acid and acetic lignin which is a reaction product.
- the method for producing a polysaccharide derivative of the present invention is characterized in that the reaction is carried out in a mixture containing a raw material containing a polysaccharide, a specific ionic liquid, and a chain or cyclic ester compound or an epoxy compound.
- polysaccharide various polysaccharides can be applied, and examples thereof include cellulose, starch, agarose, pectin, chitin and the like. These polysaccharides may be partially substituted in structure.
- a cellulose derivative in which a part of hydroxyl groups of cellulose is esterified can be used as a raw material.
- a biomass raw material containing cellulose as lignocellulose may be used as the raw material containing polysaccharide.
- the cellulose derivative can be obtained directly in a state separated from lignin while maintaining a high molecular weight, without going through a step of separating and extracting cellulose. Therefore, the production cost of the cellulose derivative can be reduced, and the produced cellulose derivative can be used in fibers, films, plastics, tobacco filters, etc., for example, if it is a cellulose ester, and if it is a cellulose ether, food, It can be used as an additive for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents and the like.
- Applicable ionic liquids include imidazolium salts.
- an imidazolium salt imidazolium-based ionic liquid having a cation represented by the following formula (1) is suitable as the cation of the ionic liquid, but is not limited thereto.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, and R 3 to R 5 are each independently hydrogen, An alkenyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group)
- alkyl group examples include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a hexyl group, and an octyl group. Is mentioned.
- a sulfo group may be bonded to the terminal of these alkyl groups.
- alkenyl group examples include vinyl group, 1-propenyl group, 2-propenyl group, 1-butenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1-pentenyl group, 2-pentenyl group, 1-hexenyl group, 2-hexenyl group, Examples thereof include linear or branched alkenyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms such as 1-octenyl group.
- the alkoxyalkyl group has 2 to 20 carbon atoms such as a methoxymethyl group, an ethoxymethyl group, a 1-methoxyethyl group, a 2-methoxyethyl group, a 1-ethoxyethyl group, and a 2-ethoxyethyl group.
- the substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group includes a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkenyl group, a methylsulfonyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted group.
- Examples thereof include a phenyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 2 groups selected from a substituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenoxy group and a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group.
- Anions of strong acids such as halogen anions other than fluoride ions such as chloride ions (Cl ⁇ ), iodine ions (I ⁇ ), bromide ions (Br ⁇ ), sulfate anions, and phosphate anions are present in DMSO of conjugated acids. This is not possible because pKa is outside the range of 12 to 19 and carbene is not generated.
- Examples of the ionic liquid suitably used in the present invention include the following compounds, but are not limited thereto. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and the like.
- the ionic liquid becomes a raw material solvent containing a polysaccharide, and at the same time, carbene is produced by heating to 40 to 80 ° C. or irradiation with microwaves.
- the carbene serves as a catalyst to derivatize the polysaccharide.
- the reaction formula of cellulose and isopropenyl acetate in an ionic liquid of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc) is shown below.
- the heterocyclic carbene produced from the ionic liquid acts as a catalyst, and cellulose acetate is produced by transesterification.
- the concentration of the raw material containing the polysaccharide in the ionic liquid as the solvent varies depending on the type and molecular weight of the polysaccharide and is not particularly limited, but the weight of the ionic liquid is at least twice the weight of the polysaccharide.
- the concentration of the raw material containing the polysaccharide in the ionic liquid is preferably 3% by weight to 5% by weight.
- the ionic liquid can be used as a cosolvent system with an organic solvent.
- the weight of the ionic liquid is preferably at least twice the weight of the polysaccharide, and the amount of the ionic liquid used can be reduced within the range of this condition, and the rest is replaced with an organic solvent.
- the production cost of the polysaccharide derivative can be reduced.
- tetrahydrofuran THF
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- 1,3-dioxolane etc. are preferably used, but are not limited thereto. is not.
- a compound corresponding to the type of polysaccharide derivative to be produced can be appropriately selected and used.
- the transesterification proceeds by the chain ester compound, and a derivative in which the hydroxyl group of the polysaccharide is esterified is obtained.
- polyester can be obtained by making a cyclic ester compound and polysaccharide react.
- ether compounds such as a cellulose ether, can be obtained by making a polysaccharide and an epoxy compound react.
- chain ester compounds examples include one or more compounds selected from carboxylic acid isopropenyls such as isopropenyl acetate, carboxylic acid esters such as vinyl carboxylate and methyl carboxylate.
- carboxylic acid esters are known as very stable chemical substances unlike carboxylic acid anhydrides. Therefore, in order to cause transesterification, it was essential to use a catalyst separately. Therefore, in a normal esterification reaction, the esterification reaction is promoted by using an active carbonyl compound having a corrosive property (carboxylic acid anhydride or carboxylic acid halide (chloride, bromide, etc.)).
- carbene generated from an ionic liquid as a solvent is also used as a catalyst, it can be derivatized by transesterification without adding a catalyst separately.
- the cyclic ester compound include one or more compounds selected from ⁇ -valerolactone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -caprolactone, and the like.
- the epoxy compound include one or more compounds selected from 1,2-epoxyhexane, 1,2-epoxybutane, styrene oxide, and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- two or more kinds of chain or cyclic ester compounds can be used to introduce different substituents into one molecule of the polysaccharide.
- butyric acid ester such as vinyl butyrate
- acetic acid ester such as isopropenyl acetate (IPA)
- IPA isopropenyl acetate
- each OH group of the cellulose molecule is substituted with acetyl group or butyryl group.
- Cellulose can be produced.
- a substituent such as a butyryl group having a carbon chain longer than that of an acetyl group, the glass transition point of the product is lowered. Therefore, it is generated by changing the blending ratio of two or more ester compounds. It is possible to control properties such as moldability of the product.
- the amount of the chain or cyclic ester compound or epoxy compound varies depending on the type of polysaccharide, but it is preferable to react 6 to 20 equivalents with respect to 1 equivalent of the hydroxyl group of the polysaccharide, for example.
- the reaction conditions may be any conditions in which carbene is generated from an ionic liquid and the reaction proceeds using this as a catalyst.
- a biomass raw material containing cellulose as lignocellulose is used, and a chain ester compound is reacted therewith.
- the reaction can be carried out by stirring a mixture of a biomass raw material, an ionic liquid and a chain ester compound at 40 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- the solution after the reaction can be re-precipitated and filtered using a solvent such as methanol to obtain a predetermined polysaccharide derivative. Moreover, if it is said biomass raw material, while a cellulose derivative is obtained by reprecipitation, a lignin derivative can be further obtained from a filtrate.
- the ionic liquid used for the reaction can be recovered and reused.
- the produced polysaccharide derivative is a linear or cyclic ester compound or the like by a conventional method using a base such as NaOH or an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid, or in the presence of an ionic liquid in the present invention.
- a base such as NaOH or an acid catalyst such as sulfuric acid
- an ionic liquid in the present invention can be further reacted with various reagents and converted to other polysaccharide derivatives.
- an ester compound is allowed to act on an esterified cellulose derivative, and another cellulose derivative can be produced through a transesterification reaction.
- a method for producing the lignin derivative of the present invention will be described.
- a raw material containing lignin, an ionic liquid capable of forming a carbene having a pKa in DMSO of an anionic conjugate acid of 12 to 19, and a chain or cyclic ester compound or an epoxy compound is characterized by performing a reaction.
- a lignin derivative corresponding to a chain or cyclic ester compound or an epoxy compound to be applied by performing a reaction according to the above-described method for producing a polysaccharide derivative, except that a raw material containing a lignin is used instead of the raw material containing a polysaccharide. Can be obtained.
- ester exchange reaction proceeds with the chain ester compound, and a derivative in which the hydroxyl group of lignin is esterified is obtained.
- This esterified product of lignin can be suitably used as a flame retardant or the like.
- polyester can be obtained by making a cyclic ester compound and lignin react.
- an ether compound can be obtained by reacting lignin and an epoxy compound.
- the lignin molecule there are a hydroxyl group bonded to an aromatic carbon and a hydroxyl group bonded to an aliphatic carbon. According to the present invention, any hydroxyl group can be substituted.
- lignin-OH 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- EtimAc 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- the raw material lignin it can be appropriately selected from conventionally known various natural lignins and isolated lignins.
- natural lignin such as coniferous lignin, hardwood lignin, gramineous lignin, and lignosulfonic acid, kraft lignin, soda lignin, and other alkaline lignin and soda obtained in large quantities from chemical pulping pulp waste in the pulp and paper manufacturing process.
- isolated lignin industrial lignin
- these lignins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Example 1 Bagasse (sugarcane residue, particle size; 250 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, 120 mg) was dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (pKa of an anionic conjugate acid in DMSO was 12.3, 4 g) at 80 ° C. Vacuum dried overnight under stirring conditions. Thereafter, Ar was replaced in the reaction vessel, and isopropenyl acetate (4 ml) was added to the reaction system. The obtained reaction solution was reacted overnight at 80 ° C. under stirring conditions.
- a solid polysaccharide derivative was obtained from the reaction solution by reprecipitation with methanol and subsequent filtration. Moreover, methanol and isopropenyl acetate were removed by depressurizingly distilling the obtained filtrate, and the obtained solution was precipitated in a large amount of water to obtain a lignin derivative. From the remaining liquid phase, water was removed by distillation under reduced pressure, and the ionic liquid was recovered.
- the solid 13 C NMR spectrum of the solid polysaccharide derivative is shown in FIG. 1C), and the FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) is shown in FIG. 2C). Further, the 1 H NMR spectrum of the lignin derivative is shown in FIG. 3A), and the FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) is shown in FIG.
- Example 2 A polysaccharide derivative was produced in the same procedure as in Example 1, except that kenaf (Example 2), eucalyptus (Example 3) and cedar (Example 4) were used as biomass raw materials instead of bagasse.
- the spectra of the obtained polysaccharide derivative and lignin derivative are shown in FIGS.
- D) is a polysaccharide derivative obtained from kenaf
- E) is a polysaccharide derivative obtained from Eucalyptus
- F is a solid 13 C NMR spectrum of a polysaccharide derivative obtained from cedar.
- D) is a polysaccharide derivative obtained from kenaf
- E) is a polysaccharide derivative obtained from eucalyptus
- F) is an FT-IR spectrum of a polysaccharide derivative obtained from cedar (ATR method). Is shown.
- B) shows the lignin derivative obtained from kenaf
- C) the lignin derivative obtained from eucalyptus
- D) the 1 H NMR spectrum of the lignin derivative obtained from cedar.
- B) shows a lignin derivative obtained from kenaf
- C) a lignin derivative obtained from eucalyptus
- D) an FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) of a lignin derivative obtained from cedar. Yes. From these results, it was confirmed that cellulose acetate and lignin derivatives were directly obtained using kenaf, eucalyptus and cedar as raw materials.
- [monomer unit] 0 represents a concentration as a monomer unit (repeating unit).
- Ar was substituted in the reaction vessel, and isopropenyl acetate (20 ml, 184 mmol) was added to the reaction system. The obtained reaction solution was reacted overnight at 80 ° C. under stirring conditions.
- the reaction solution was reprecipitated with a large excess of methanol, followed by filtration to obtain a solid substance.
- the solid 13 C spectrum, FT-IR spectrum (ATR method) and 1 H NMR spectrum of the obtained substance are shown in FIG. 1B), FIG. 2B and FIG. 5B), respectively.
- A) of FIG. 5 has shown the commercially available cellulose acetate. From these results, it was confirmed that cellulose acetate was obtained using cellulose as a raw material.
- FIG. 6A shows the raw material chitin. From these results, the progress of the transesterification reaction of chitin using chitin as a raw material was confirmed.
- FIG. 9A shows the FT-IR spectrum of cellulose. From the results of FIGS. 8 and 9, it was confirmed that polyester was produced.
- IPA isopropenyl acetate
- FIG. 12 shows the 1 H NMR spectrum (in CDCl 3 ).
- the upper side of FIG. 11 shows the IR spectrum of cellulose as a raw material.
- the regioselectivity of the acetyl group and butyryl group in the product is not as shown in the chemical formulas in FIGS.
- 1 H NMR measurement the substitution positions of acetyl groups and butyryl groups with respect to the three hydroxyl groups of cellulose were random, and there was no difference in the introduction rate of acetyl groups or butyryl groups depending on the positions of the hydroxyl groups of cellulose.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 it was confirmed that cellulose acetate butyrate was produced.
- the changes in the degree of substitution of acetyl groups and butyryl groups in the product with respect to the amount of vinyl butyrate or isopropenyl acetate (IPA) used (0.2 to 0.5 ml) are shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, respectively.
- the substitution degree of an acetyl group and a butyryl group can be calculated from a 1 H NMR spectrum.
- the change of the glass transition point (Tg) and thermal decomposition temperature (T D50 ) of cellulose acetate butyrate with respect to the degree of substitution (butyryl group) is shown in FIG. From the results of FIGS.
- Example 10 Synthesis of cellulose acetate using DMSO as a co-solvent
- EmimAc 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate
- the mixed solution was dried under reduced pressure while being stirred at 80 ° C. for 4 hours. After drying, the system was replaced with argon. Subsequently, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, 4 mL) and isopropenyl acetate (IPA, 4 mL) were dropped into the reaction system, and the reaction was performed at 80 ° C. overnight.
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- IPA isopropenyl acetate
- FIG. 16 shows the change in the degree of substitution of the hydroxyl group of cellulose with respect to the weight ratio of the ionic liquid to cellulose ([ionic liquid] 0 / [cellulose] 0 ).
- the experiment was performed while changing the weight ratio from 1.25 to 33.33.
- cellulose acetate having a high degree of substitution was obtained at any weight ratio.
- the weight ratio is 2.42 or more, the degree of substitution exceeds 2.9, whereas when the weight ratio is 1.25, the degree of substitution is 2.78, and the amount of cellulose acetate produced is slightly reduced. From this, it was suggested that the weight ratio is preferably 2 or more.
- Example 11 Synthesis of Lignin Acetate Alkaline lignin (1 g) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimAc, 20 g) were sealed in a Schlenk tube and dried under reduced pressure overnight at 80 ° C. in an oil bath. did. Under an argon atmosphere, isopropenyl acetate (IPA, 20 mL, 0.183 mol) was added, and the resulting reaction solution was stirred at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. The solution after the reaction was reprecipitated in water, and the obtained solid was dried under reduced pressure to obtain a product. The structure of the product acetylated lignin was analyzed by 1 H NMR and FT-IR measurements. The 1 H NMR spectrum of the product is shown in FIG. 17, and the FT-IR spectrum is shown in FIG. From the results of FIGS. 17 and 18, an acetyl group peak was observed, confirming the production of lignin acetate.
- IPA isopropen
- FIG. 19 1 H NMR spectra of the product, along with a 1 H NMR spectrum of acetic acid lignin and lauryl acid chloride which is a reaction product. As is clear from the results of FIG. 19, it was found that transesterification of lignin acetate occurred, and the acetyl group of lignin acetate was replaced with lauroyl group.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and includes various modifications. For example, with respect to a part of the configuration of the embodiment, it is possible to add, delete, or replace another configuration.
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Abstract
Description
(2)多糖類がセルロースである上記(1)に記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(3)多糖類を含む原料が、セルロースをリグノセルロースとして含むバイオマス原料であり、セルロース誘導体がリグニンと分離した状態で製造される上記(1)に記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(4)セルロース誘導体が製造されるとともに、リグニン誘導体が製造される上記(3)に記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(5)混合物中に、イオン液体が有機溶媒との共溶媒系として含まれる上記(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(6)イオン液体の重量が、多糖類の重量の2倍以上である上記(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(7)混合物中に、2種以上の鎖状もしくは環状エステル化合物が含まれる上記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(8)鎖状エステル化合物が、カルボン酸イソプロぺニル、カルボン酸ビニル及びカルボン酸メチルからなる群から選択されるカルボン酸エステルである上記(1)~(7)のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(9)イオン液体のカチオンが、イミダゾリウムカチオンである上記(1)~(8)のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(10)イオン液体のアニオンが、カルボン酸アニオンである上記(1)~(9)のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
(11)リグニンを含む原料と、アニオンの共役酸のDMSO中におけるpKaが12~19でありカルベンを生成可能なイオン液体と、鎖状もしくは環状エステル化合物又はエポキシ化合物とを含む混合物中で反応を行うリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
(12)混合物中に、2種以上の鎖状もしくは環状エステル化合物が含まれる上記(11)に記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
(13)鎖状エステル化合物が、カルボン酸イソプロぺニル、カルボン酸ビニル及びカルボン酸メチルからなる群から選択されるカルボン酸エステルである上記(11)又は(12)に記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
(14)イオン液体のカチオンが、イミダゾリウムカチオンである上記(11)~(13)のいずれかに記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
(15)イオン液体のアニオンが、カルボン酸アニオンである上記(11)~(14)のいずれかに記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート、1-ヘキシル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート等。
(実施例1)
バガス(サトウキビ残渣、粒径;250μm~500μm、120mg)を、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(アニオンの共役酸のDMSO中におけるpKaが12.3、4g)に溶解させ、80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩真空乾燥させた。その後、反応容器のAr置換を行い、イソプロペニルアセテート(4ml)を反応系に加えた。得られた反応溶液を80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩反応させた。反応溶液から、メタノールによる再沈殿、続く濾過により固体状の多糖類誘導体を得た。また、得られた濾液の減圧留去によりメタノール及びイソプロペニルアセテートを除き、得られた溶液を多量の水に沈殿させることで、リグニン誘導体を得た。残存の液相は、減圧留去により水を除き、イオン液体を回収した。固体状の多糖類誘導体の固体13C NMRスペクトルを図1のC)に、FT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)を図2のC)示す。また、リグニン誘導体の1H NMRスペクトルを図3のA)に、FT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)を図4のA)にそれぞれ示す。なお、図1のA)、図2のA)は市販の酢酸セルロースを示している。これらの結果から、バガスから直接的に、セルロース誘導体である酢酸セルロースが製造されたことが確認された。また、図1のC)では、120ppm付近に現れるリグニン由来のピークが観測されなかったため、酢酸セルロースがリグニンと完全に分離した状態で得られることが明らかとなった。さらに、図3のA)では、4.5~5.5ppmに多糖に由来するピークが観測されなかったため、リグニン誘導体は酢酸セルロースと分離した状態で得られることが明らかとなった。
バガスに代えて、バイオマス原料としてケナフ(実施例2)、ユーカリ(実施例3)及びスギ(実施例4)を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順で多糖類誘導体を製造した。得られた多糖類誘導体及びリグニン誘導体のスペクトルを図1~4に示す。図1において、D)はケナフより得られた多糖類誘導体、E)はユーカリより得られた多糖類誘導体、F)はスギより得られた多糖類誘導体の固体13C NMRスペクトルを示している。また、図2において、D)はケナフより得られた多糖類誘導体、E)はユーカリより得られた多糖類誘導体、F)はスギより得られた多糖類誘導体のFT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)を示している。また、図3において、B)はケナフより得られたリグニン誘導体、C)はユーカリより得られたリグニン誘導体、D)はスギより得られたリグニン誘導体の1H NMRスペクトルを示している。さらに、図4において、B)はケナフより得られたリグニン誘導体、C)はユーカリより得られたリグニン誘導体、D)はスギより得られたリグニン誘導体のFT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)を示している。これらの結果から、ケナフ、ユーカリ及びスギを原料として、酢酸セルロース及びリグニン誘導体が直接的に得られたことが確認された。
セルロース(SIGMA-ALDRICHより購入したAvicel、600mg、[モノマー単位]0=3.7mmol)を、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(20g)に溶解させ、80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩真空乾燥させた。ここで、[モノマー単位]0とは、モノマー単位(繰り返し単位)としての濃度を表している。その後反応容器のAr置換を行い、イソプロペニルアセテート(20ml、184mmol)を反応系に加えた。得られた反応溶液を80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩反応させた。反応溶液を大過剰のメタノールで再沈殿させ、続く濾過により固体状の物質を得た。得られた物質の固体13C スペクトル、FT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)及び1H NMRスペクトルをそれぞれ図1のB)、図2のB及び図5のB)に示す。なお、図5のA)は市販の酢酸セルロースを示している。これらの結果から、セルロースを原料として酢酸セルロースが得られたことが確認された。
キチン(SIGMA-ALDRICHより購入、120mg、[モノマー単位]0=0.54mmol)を、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(4g)に溶解させ、80℃、撹拌条件下で一晩真空乾燥させた。その後反応容器のAr置換を行い、イソプロペニルアセテート(4ml、37mmol)を反応系に加えた。得られた反応溶液を80℃、撹拌条件下で一晩反応させた。反応溶液を大過剰のメタノールで再沈殿させ、続く濾過により固体状の物質を得た。得られた物質のFT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)を図6のB)に示す。なお、図6のA)は原料のキチンを示している。これらの結果から、キチンを原料とするキチンのエステル交換反応の進行が確認された。
セルロース(60mg、[モノマー単位]0=0.40mmol)を、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(2.0g)に溶解させ、80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩真空乾燥させた。その後反応容器のAr置換を行い、1,2-エポキシヘキサン(2ml、16.6mmol)を反応溶液に加え、アルゴン雰囲気下で反応を行った。反応終了後、メタノールに反応溶液を沈殿させ、固体物を濾過により回収した。得られた固体物を真空乾燥させ、生成物を得た。生成物の1H NMRスペクトルを図7に示す。この結果から、生成物はセルロースエーテルと同定された。
セルロース(60mg、[モノマー単位]0=0.40mmol)を、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(4.0g)に溶解させ、80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩真空乾燥させた。その後反応容器のAr置換を行い、δ-バレロラクトン(4ml、44mmol)を加えた。得られた反応溶液を80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩反応させた。得られた液体をメタノールに沈殿させ、デカンテーションにより沈殿物を回収した。回収した沈殿物について測定した1H NMRスペクトル及びFT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)をそれぞれ図8及び図9のB)に示す。なお、図9のA)は、セルロースのFT-IRスペクトルを示している。図8及び図9の結果から、ポリエステルが生成したことが確認された。
セルロース(SIGMA-ALDRICHより購入したAvicel、60mg、[モノマー単位]0=0.37mmol)を、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライド(アニオンの共役酸のDMSO中におけるpKaが1.8、2g)に加え、80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩真空乾燥させた。その後反応容器のAr置換を行い、イソプロペニルアセテート(2ml、18.4mmol)を反応系に加え、80℃、攪拌条件下で一晩反応させた。生成物のFT-IRスペクトル(ATR法)を図10のB)に示す。なお、図10のA)は反応前のセルロースを示している。図10に示すように、生成物には1750cm-1にピークは現れず、セルロースの水酸基はアセチル基によって置換されていないことが明らかとなった。
セルロースのエステル交換反応により酢酸酪酸セルロース(CAB)を合成した。以下にその合成方法を示す。はじめに、セルロース(240mg、グルコース単位=1.48mmol)及び8gの1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(EmimAc)をシュレンク管に測り入れた。得られた混合溶液を80℃のオイルバス中で3時間、減圧乾燥させた後に、アルゴンにより系中を置換した。次に、それぞれ0.2~0.5mlのビニルブチレート又はイソプロペニルアセテート(IPA)を反応溶液へ滴下し、反応を開始させた。80℃で一晩反応させた後、8mlのIPA(73.5mmol)又はビニルブチレート(63.1mmol)を反応溶液へ滴下し、80℃でさらに4時間反応させた。この工程では、未反応の水酸基をエステル交換反応でエステル化するため、大過剰の試薬を添加している。反応終了後、得られた溶液をメタノール/水混合溶液への再沈殿により精製した。ろ過により得られた固体を減圧乾燥し、反応生成物である酢酸酪酸セルロースを得た。酢酸酪酸セルロースの置換度を測定する目的で、酢酸酪酸セルロースのベンゾイル化反応を行った。ベンゾイル化の手順を以下に示す。はじめに、酢酸酪酸セルロース(100mg)、クロロホルム(4ml)、トリエチルアミン(0.44ml、3.12mmol)をナス型フラスコに秤量した。得られた溶液に、安息香酸クロライド(0.36ml、3.12mmol)を滴下し、反応溶液を撹拌した。一晩反応を行った後、反応溶液をメタノール/水混合溶液への再沈殿を行った。その後、得られた固体を減圧乾燥し、目的の高分子化合物を得た。得られた生成物の化学構造はIRスペクトル測定及び1H NMR測定により決定した。生成物のIRスペクトルを図11に、1H NMRスペクトル(CDCl3中)を図12にそれぞれ示す。図11の上側は原料であるセルロースのIRスペクトルを示す。なお、生成物におけるアセチル基及びブチリル基の位置選択性は図11及び図12中の化学式のとおりではない。1H NMR測定の結果、セルロースの3つの水酸基に対するアセチル基及びブチリル基による置換位置はランダムであり、また、セルロースの水酸基の位置によるアセチル基もしくはブチリル基の導入率の違いはみられなかった。図11及び図12に示すように、酢酸酪酸セルロースが生成したことが確認された。
セルロース(120mg、グルコース単位=0.74mmol)、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(EmimAc、440mg)をシュレンク管に封入した。混合溶液を80℃で4時間攪拌させながら減圧乾燥した。乾燥終了後、系内をアルゴンにより置換した。続いて、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO、4mL)及びイソプロペニルアセテート(IPA、4mL)を反応系内に滴下し、80℃で一晩反応を行った。反応終了後、反応溶液のメタノールへの再沈殿により、固体状の生成物を得た。得られた酢酸セルロースの置換度を測定する目的で、酢酸セルロースのベンゾイル化反応を行った。ベンゾイル化の手順を以下に示す。はじめに、酢酸セルロース(100mg)、クロロホルム(4ml)、トリエチルアミン(0.44ml、3.12mmol)をナス型フラスコに秤量した。得られた溶液に、安息香酸クロライド(0.36ml、3.12mmol)を滴下し、反応溶液を撹拌した。一晩反応を行った後、反応溶液をメタノールへの再沈殿を行った。その後、得られた固体を減圧乾燥し、目的の高分子化合物を得た。得られた生成物の化学構造は1H NMR測定により決定した。
アルカリリグニン(1g)と1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムアセテート(EmimAc、20g)をシュレンク管に封入し、オイルバス内80℃で撹拌しながら一晩減圧乾燥した。アルゴン雰囲気下、イソプロペニルアセテート(IPA、20mL、0.183mol)を加え、得られた反応溶液を80℃で2時間撹拌した。反応後の溶液を水に再沈殿させ、得られた固体を減圧乾燥し、生成物を得た。生成物であるアセチル化リグニンの構造は1H NMR及びFT-IR測定により解析した。生成物の1H NMRスペクトルを図17に、FT-IRスペクトルを図18にそれぞれ示す。図17及び図18の結果から、アセチル基のピークが観測され、酢酸リグニンの生成が確認された。
アセチル化リグニン(50mg)、DMF(2mL)、水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH、70.5mg、1.76mmol)、ラウリル酸クロリド(1mL、4.32mmol)をナスフラスコに封入し、窒素雰囲気下、オイルバス内80℃で撹拌しながら一晩(21時間)反応させた。反応後の溶液を濃縮させ、ヘキサンを添加した。得られた溶液の遠心分離操作により、固体を得た。さらに得られた固体を、水で洗浄した。回収した固体を減圧乾燥し、目的の生成物を得た。生成物の構造は1H NMR及びFT-IR測定により解析した。図19に、生成物の1H NMRスペクトルを、反応物である酢酸リグニン及びラウリル酸クロリドの1H NMRスペクトルとともに示す。図19の結果から明らかなように、酢酸リグニンのエステル交換反応が起こり、酢酸リグニンのアセチル基がラウロイル基によって置換されたことがわかった。
Claims (15)
- 多糖類を含む原料と、アニオンの共役酸のDMSO中におけるpKaが12~19でありカルベンを生成可能なイオン液体と、鎖状もしくは環状エステル化合物又はエポキシ化合物とを含む混合物中で反応を行う多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- 多糖類がセルロースである請求項1に記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- 多糖類を含む原料が、セルロースをリグノセルロースとして含むバイオマス原料であり、セルロース誘導体がリグニンと分離した状態で製造される請求項1に記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- セルロース誘導体が製造されるとともに、リグニン誘導体が製造される請求項3に記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- 混合物中に、イオン液体が有機溶媒との共溶媒系として含まれる請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- イオン液体の重量が、多糖類の重量の2倍以上である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- 混合物中に、2種以上の鎖状もしくは環状エステル化合物が含まれる請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- 鎖状エステル化合物が、カルボン酸イソプロぺニル、カルボン酸ビニル及びカルボン酸メチルからなる群から選択されるカルボン酸エステルである請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- イオン液体のカチオンが、イミダゾリウムカチオンである請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- イオン液体のアニオンが、カルボン酸アニオンである請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の多糖類誘導体の製造方法。
- リグニンを含む原料と、アニオンの共役酸のDMSO中におけるpKaが12~19でありカルベンを生成可能なイオン液体と、鎖状もしくは環状エステル化合物又はエポキシ化合物とを含む混合物中で反応を行うリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
- 混合物中に、2種以上の鎖状もしくは環状エステル化合物が含まれる請求項11に記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
- 鎖状エステル化合物が、カルボン酸イソプロぺニル、カルボン酸ビニル及びカルボン酸メチルからなる群から選択されるカルボン酸エステルである請求項11又は12に記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
- イオン液体のカチオンが、イミダゾリウムカチオンである請求項11~13のいずれかに記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
- イオン液体のアニオンが、カルボン酸アニオンである請求項11~14のいずれかに記載のリグニン誘導体の製造方法。
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JP2019073625A (ja) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-05-16 | 国立大学法人金沢大学 | セルロース誘導体、ヘミセルロース誘導体及びリグニン誘導体の製造方法 |
WO2020045510A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-28 | 2020-03-05 | 国立大学法人金沢大学 | リグノセルロース系バイオマス由来の複合材料及びその製造方法 |
JP2020143260A (ja) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-10 | 国立大学法人金沢大学 | 多糖類誘導体の製造方法、及びリグニン誘導体の製造方法 |
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WO2021130848A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-24 | 2021-07-01 | 国立大学法人金沢大学 | 多糖類のシリルエーテル化物の製造方法 |
JP2021109920A (ja) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-08-02 | オーミケンシ株式会社 | セルロース溶液の製造方法 |
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JP7389471B2 (ja) | 2020-01-10 | 2023-11-30 | オーミケンシ株式会社 | セルロース溶液の製造方法 |
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EP3214097A4 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
JP6799259B2 (ja) | 2020-12-16 |
JPWO2016068053A1 (ja) | 2017-08-10 |
US20180022832A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
US10323101B2 (en) | 2019-06-18 |
EP3214097B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
EP3214097A1 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
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