WO2016059788A1 - SiC単結晶の製造方法及びSiC単結晶の製造装置 - Google Patents
SiC単結晶の製造方法及びSiC単結晶の製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016059788A1 WO2016059788A1 PCT/JP2015/005169 JP2015005169W WO2016059788A1 WO 2016059788 A1 WO2016059788 A1 WO 2016059788A1 JP 2015005169 W JP2015005169 W JP 2015005169W WO 2016059788 A1 WO2016059788 A1 WO 2016059788A1
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- inner lid
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- single crystal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/06—Reaction chambers; Boats for supporting the melt; Substrate holders
- C30B19/062—Vertical dipping system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B17/00—Single-crystal growth onto a seed which remains in the melt during growth, e.g. Nacken-Kyropoulos method
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/02—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth using molten solvents, e.g. flux
- C30B19/04—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth using molten solvents, e.g. flux the solvent being a component of the crystal composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/08—Heating of the reaction chamber or the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/36—Carbides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a single crystal manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus, and more particularly, to a SiC single crystal manufacturing method and a SiC single crystal manufacturing apparatus.
- SiC silicon carbide
- a solution growth method a seed crystal attached to the lower end of a seed shaft is brought into contact with a Si—C solution stored in a crucible to grow a SiC single crystal on the seed crystal.
- the Si—C solution is a solution in which carbon (C) is dissolved in a melt of Si or Si alloy.
- the temperature of the Si—C solution in the region immediately below the contacted seed crystal (hereinafter simply referred to as the “near region”) is made lower than the temperature of the other region by heat removal by the seed shaft or the like. .
- the SiC in the vicinity region becomes supersaturated, and the growth of the SiC single crystal is promoted.
- the neighboring region is in a supercooled state.
- the peripheral region the region other than the region near the Si—C solution (hereinafter referred to as the peripheral region) varies, SiC polycrystals are likely to be generated in the peripheral region due to natural nucleation.
- the produced SiC polycrystal moves to the seed crystal by the flow of the Si—C solution. If a large number of SiC polycrystals adhere to the SiC single crystal grown on the seed crystal, the growth of the SiC single crystal is inhibited.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-323247
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-131433
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2013-1619
- a graphite cover or a heat insulating member made of a graphite cover is disposed above the solution surface to suppress heat dissipation from the liquid surface of the Si—C solution. Also in the manufacturing method disclosed in Patent Document 2, the heat insulating member is disposed in the free space above the crucible.
- the crucible includes an inner lid.
- the inner lid is disposed in the crucible and above the liquid level of the Si—C solution, and is fixed to the inner surface of the crucible.
- the inner lid has a first through hole through which the seed shaft passes.
- the inner lid keeps the space between the inner lid and the liquid level of the Si—C solution. For this reason, it is described that variation in the temperature of the peripheral region can be suppressed.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a SiC single crystal manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus capable of reducing variations in temperature of a Si—C solution even when crystal growth is performed for a long time.
- the method for producing an SiC single crystal includes a crucible containing a raw material of an Si—C solution, a seed shaft having a seed crystal attached to the lower end, and a through-hole through which the seed shaft passes.
- a preparation step of preparing a manufacturing apparatus including an inner lid that can be placed inside, a generation step of heating a raw material in the crucible to generate a Si—C solution, and bringing a seed crystal into contact with the Si—C solution
- the SiC single crystal manufacturing method according to the present embodiment can reduce the temperature variation of the Si—C solution even when the crystal growth is performed for a long time.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a SiC single crystal manufacturing apparatus according to a first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram for explaining the liquid level drop of the Si—C solution during the growth process of the SiC single crystal.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining a process following FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram for explaining the process following FIG. 2, which is different from FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram of a SiC single crystal manufacturing apparatus according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a manufacturing process of an SiC single crystal using the manufacturing apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is an overall configuration diagram of a manufacturing apparatus used in a comparative example in the embodiment.
- the method for producing an SiC single crystal includes a crucible containing a raw material of an Si—C solution, a seed shaft having a seed crystal attached to the lower end, and a through-hole through which the seed shaft passes.
- a preparation step of preparing a manufacturing apparatus including an inner lid that can be placed inside, a generation step of heating a raw material in the crucible to generate a Si—C solution, and bringing a seed crystal into contact with the Si—C solution
- one of the inner lid and the crucible is moved up and down with respect to the other to maintain the distance between the inner lid and the Si—C solution. Therefore, the heat retaining effect by the inner lid is maintained, and temperature variations in the vicinity region and the peripheral region are reduced. As a result, the SiC single crystal is likely to grow.
- the fluctuation range of the height direction distance between the inner lid and the Si—C solution is determined based on the fluctuation amount of the liquid level height per unit time of the Si—C solution during the growth step. adjust.
- the manufacturing apparatus further includes a high-frequency heating coil disposed around the crucible, and the manufacturing method further includes either the high-frequency heating coil or the crucible relative to the other in the height direction during the growth process.
- the fluctuation range of the relative position in the height direction between the high-frequency heating coil and the Si—C solution is determined based on the fluctuation amount of the liquid level height per unit time of the Si—C solution during the growth process. adjust.
- the manufacturing apparatus manufactures a SiC single crystal by a solution growth method.
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a chamber, a base, a seed shaft, and an inner lid.
- the chamber can store a crucible that can store a Si—C solution.
- a crucible can be arranged on the base.
- the seed shaft has a lower end surface to which a seed crystal can be attached.
- the inner lid has a through-hole through which the seed shaft passes in the center, and can be disposed in the crucible and above the liquid surface of the Si—C solution. Any one of the base and the inner lid is movable in the height direction relative to the other.
- either the inner lid or the base can be moved up and down relatively with respect to the other. Therefore, the fluctuation range of the distance in the height direction between the inner lid and the Si—C solution in the crucible arranged on the base can be adjusted.
- the manufacturing apparatus described above further includes a high-frequency heating coil.
- the crucible can be placed in a high frequency heating coil.
- One of the base and the high-frequency heating coil is movable in the height direction relative to the other.
- the fluctuation range of the relative position in the height direction between the high-frequency heating coil and the Si—C solution in the crucible arranged on the base can be adjusted.
- the above-described manufacturing apparatus includes an inner lid lifting mechanism.
- the middle lid lifting mechanism lifts and lowers the middle lid independently of the seed shaft and the crucible.
- the above-described manufacturing apparatus includes a crucible lifting mechanism.
- the crucible elevating mechanism elevates and lowers the base on which the crucible is arranged independently of the inner lid.
- the manufacturing apparatus includes a coil raising / lowering mechanism that raises and lowers the high-frequency heating coil.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a SiC single crystal manufacturing apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 includes a chamber 1, a heat insulating member 2, a high-frequency heating coil 3, a seed shaft driving mechanism 4, a crucible driving mechanism 5, and an inner lid driving mechanism 6.
- the chamber 1 is a housing that houses a heat insulating member 2, a high-frequency heating coil 3, and a seed shaft 41 in the seed shaft drive mechanism 4.
- the chamber 1 can further accommodate a crucible 7. When the SiC single crystal is manufactured, the chamber 1 is water-cooled.
- the crucible 7 is accommodated in the casing-shaped heat insulating member 2.
- the crucible 7 is a housing whose upper end is open.
- the crucible 7 stores the Si—C solution 8.
- the Si—C solution 8 is produced by melting the raw material of the Si—C solution by heating.
- the raw material may be only Si, or may contain Si and another metal element.
- Examples of the metal element contained in the raw material of the Si—C solution include titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), and the like.
- the material of the crucible 7 is, for example, graphite. If the material of the crucible 7 is graphite, the crucible 7 itself becomes a carbon supply source of the Si—C solution 8.
- the material of the crucible 7 may be other than graphite.
- the crucible 7 may be made of ceramics or a high melting point metal.
- the raw material of the Si—C solution 8 contains C.
- the crucible 7 is made of a material other than graphite, a film made of graphite may be formed on the inner surface of the crucible 7.
- the high frequency heating coil 3 is arranged around the crucible 7. That is, the crucible 7 is disposed in the high frequency heating coil 3.
- the high frequency heating coil 3 is arranged coaxially with the seed shaft 41 and the shaft 51.
- the high-frequency heating coil 3 induction-heats the crucible 7 and melts the raw material stored in the crucible 7 to generate the Si—C solution 8.
- the high frequency heating coil 3 further maintains the Si—C solution 8 at the crystal growth temperature.
- the heat insulating member 2 has a casing shape, and has a side wall, an upper lid, and a lower lid.
- the side wall of the heat insulating member 2 is disposed between the high frequency heating coil 3 and the crucible 7.
- the side wall of the heat insulating member 2 is disposed around the crucible 7.
- the upper cover of the heat insulating member 2 is disposed above the crucible 7.
- the upper lid has a through hole 21 through which the seed shaft 41 is passed.
- the lower cover of the heat insulating member 2 is disposed below the crucible 7.
- the lower lid has a through hole 22 through which the shaft 51 passes.
- the heat insulating member 2 covers the entire crucible 7.
- the heat insulating member 2 includes a well-known heat insulating material.
- the heat insulating material is a fiber-based or non-fiber-based molded heat insulating material.
- the seed shaft drive mechanism 4 includes a seed shaft 41 and a drive device 42.
- the seed shaft 41 is arranged coaxially with the shaft 51 in the crucible drive mechanism 5.
- the lower end of the seed shaft 41 is disposed in the chamber 1, and the upper end of the seed shaft 41 is disposed above the chamber 1. That is, the seed shaft 41 penetrates the chamber 1.
- the seed shaft 41 can be rotated around its central axis, and can be moved up and down.
- the drive device 42 includes a lifting device 42A, a rotating device 42B, and a gantry 42C.
- the gantry 42 ⁇ / b> C is disposed above the chamber 1.
- the gantry 42C has a hole through which the seed shaft 41 passes.
- the gantry 42C supports the seed shaft 41 and the rotation device 42B.
- Rotating device 42B rotates seed shaft 41 around its central axis. Thereby, the seed crystal 9 attached to the lower end surface of the seed shaft 41 rotates.
- the elevating device 42A moves the seed shaft 41 up and down. Specifically, the elevating device 42A is connected to the gantry 42C and elevates the gantry 42C. Thereby, the lifting device 42A moves the seed shaft 41A up and down via the gantry 42C.
- the seed crystal 9 can be attached to the lower end surface of the seed shaft 41.
- the seed crystal 9 has a plate shape.
- the seed crystal is preferably made of a SiC single crystal.
- a SiC single crystal is generated on the surface (crystal growth surface) of the seed crystal 9 and grows.
- the seed crystal 9 is preferably a SiC single crystal having a 4H polymorph crystal structure. More preferably, the surface (crystal growth surface) of seed crystal 9 made of SiC single crystal is a (0001) plane or a plane inclined at an angle of 8 ° or less from (0001) plane. In this case, the SiC single crystal tends to grow stably.
- the crystal growth temperature is a temperature at which a SiC single crystal is grown, and depends on the composition of the Si—C solution.
- a typical crystal growth temperature is 1600 to 2000 ° C.
- the crucible drive mechanism 5 includes a base 50, a shaft 51, and a drive device 52.
- the base 50 is disposed in the casing-like heat insulating member 2.
- the crucible 7 is disposed on the base 50.
- the shaft 51 is attached to the lower end of the base 50 and is arranged coaxially with the seed shaft 41.
- the shaft 51 passes through the lower part of the heat insulating member 2 and the bottom of the chamber 1, and the lower end thereof is disposed below the chamber 1.
- the driving device 52 includes an elevating device 52A, a rotating device 52B, and a gantry 52C.
- the gantry 52 ⁇ / b> C is disposed below the chamber 1.
- the gantry 52C has a hole through which the shaft 51 passes.
- the gantry 52C supports the shaft 51 and the rotation device 52B.
- the rotating device 52C rotates the shaft 51 around its central axis.
- the lifting device 52A is connected to the gantry 52C and moves up and down the gantry 42C. As a result, the lifting device 52A moves the base 50 up and down via the gantry 52C.
- the inner lid drive mechanism 6 includes an inner lid 60, a support mechanism 61, and an elevating device 62.
- the inner lid 60 has a disc shape and has a through hole 60A through which the seed shaft 41 is passed.
- the inner lid 60 is disposed above the liquid level of the Si—C solution 8 and keeps a space between the inner lid 60 and the liquid level 80 of the Si—C solution 8.
- the lower end surface of the inner lid 60 is preferably flat.
- the gap is provided between the side surface of the inner lid 60 and the inner peripheral surface of the crucible 7 to avoid interference.
- the gap is preferably small. If the gap is small, the area of the neighboring region and the peripheral region facing the inner lid 60 is large. For this reason, the temperatures in the vicinity region and the peripheral region are easily maintained more uniformly.
- the gap is preferably 5 mm or less. More preferably, the gap is preferably 2 mm or less.
- the support mechanism 61 includes a cylindrical or rod-like connecting member 61A, a shaft member 61B fixed to the upper end of the connecting member 61A, and a gantry 61C.
- the connecting member 61 ⁇ / b> A extends in the height direction of the manufacturing apparatus 100.
- the lower end of the connecting member 61 ⁇ / b> A is fixed to the upper end of the inner lid 60.
- the shaft member 61B has a cylindrical shape and allows the seed shaft 41 to pass therethrough.
- the shaft member 61 ⁇ / b> B penetrates the upper surface of the chamber 1, and the upper end portion thereof is disposed above the chamber 1.
- the lower end of the shaft member 61B is fixed to the upper end of the connecting member 61A.
- the gantry 61C supports the inner lid 60 via the shaft member 61B and the connecting member 61A.
- the gantry 61C has a through hole through which the shaft member 61B passes.
- the lifting device 62 lifts and lowers the inner lid 60 together with the gantry 61C.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 can raise and lower the inner lid 60 independently of the seed shaft 41 and the crucible 7. Further, the manufacturing apparatus 100 can move the base 50 on which the crucible 7 is arranged independently of the inner lid 7. Therefore, one of the crucibles 7 arranged on the inner lid 60 and the base 50 can be moved relative to the other in the height direction. Therefore, even when the liquid level 80 of the Si—C solution 8 decreases with crystal growth, the height direction distance H1 between the inner lid 60 and the liquid level 80 (that is, the inner lid 60 and the liquid level 80). The fluctuation range ⁇ H1 of the relative position in the height direction) can be adjusted within the range of the reference value Ref1.
- the manufacturing method of a SiC single crystal is demonstrated.
- the SiC single crystal manufacturing method includes a preparation step, a generation step, a growth step, and an inner lid adjustment step.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 described above is prepared. Then, the seed crystal 9 is attached to the lower end surface of the seed shaft 41. Further, the crucible 7 containing the raw material of the Si—C solution 8 is stored in the chamber 1 and placed on the base 50. At this time, the inner lid 60 may be disposed in the crucible 7 or may be disposed above the crucible 7.
- the Si—C solution 8 is generated.
- the chamber 1 is filled with an inert gas.
- the raw material of the Si—C solution 8 in the crucible 7 is heated above the melting point by the high frequency heating coil 3.
- the crucible 7 is made of graphite, when the crucible 7 is heated, carbon melts from the crucible 7 into the melt, and a Si—C solution 8 is generated.
- the carbon in the crucible 7 dissolves in the Si—C solution 8, the carbon concentration in the Si—C solution 8 approaches the saturation concentration.
- the seeding shaft 41 is lowered by the driving device 42 to bring the seed crystal 9 into contact with the Si—C solution 8. After contacting the seed crystal 9 with the Si—C solution 8, the seed shaft 41 is slightly raised to form a meniscus between the seed crystal 9 and the liquid surface 80.
- the Si—C solution 8 is maintained at the crystal growth temperature by the high frequency heating coil 3. Further, the vicinity region of the seed crystal 9 in the Si—C solution 8 is supercooled to bring the SiC in the vicinity region into a supersaturated state.
- the method for supercooling the region near the seed crystal 9 is not particularly limited.
- the high-frequency heating coil 3 is controlled so that the temperature in the vicinity of the seed crystal 9 is lower than the temperature in other areas.
- the vicinity region may be cooled by the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant is circulated inside the seed shaft 41.
- the refrigerant is, for example, an inert gas such as helium (He) or argon (Ar). If the coolant is circulated in the seed shaft 41, the seed crystal 9 is cooled. If the seed crystal 9 is cooled, the neighboring region is also cooled.
- the seed crystal 9 and the Si—C solution 8 are rotated while the SiC in the vicinity region is supersaturated.
- the seed crystal 9 is rotated.
- the crucible 7 is rotated by the rotating device 52B.
- the rotation direction of the seed crystal 9 may be opposite to the rotation direction of the crucible 7 or the same direction. Further, the rotation speeds of the seed crystal 9 and the crucible 7 may be constant or may vary.
- a SiC single crystal is generated and grows on the lower surface (crystal growth surface) of the seed crystal 9 in contact with the Si—C solution 8. Note that the seed shaft 41 may not rotate.
- the inner lid 60 is lowered by the elevating device 62 before starting the crystal growth of the SiC single crystal. Then, the height direction distance between the inner lid 60 and the liquid level 80 is set to H1. After the inner lid 60 is disposed at a predetermined position, crystal growth is started.
- the thickness of the SiC single crystal formed on the seed crystal 9 can be increased.
- the liquid level 80 of the Si—C solution 8 decreases. Specifically, when the height direction distance between the seed crystal 9 and the liquid level 80 at the start of crystal growth is set to H1, the liquid level 80 is increased with the growth of the SiC single crystal 90 as shown in FIG. Decreases and the distance H1 increases to a distance H1 + ⁇ H1.
- the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 exceeds the reference value Ref1
- the distance between the seed crystal 9 and the solution 80 becomes excessively large.
- the heat retention effect by the inner lid 60 is reduced. Therefore, the temperature in the peripheral region of the Si—C solution 8 becomes non-uniform. Further, the temperature in the vicinity region of the Si—C solution 8 becomes non-uniform, the supersaturation degree of SiC becomes excessively large, and inclusions are easily formed. As a result, the quality of the SiC single crystal is lowered. Therefore, in the first embodiment, during the growth process, an inner lid adjustment step, which will be described below, is performed to enhance the heat retaining effect by the inner lid 60.
- Inner lid adjustment process In the inner lid adjusting step, either the inner lid 60 or the crucible 7 is moved relative to the other in the height direction to adjust the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 within the range of the reference value Ref1.
- the inner lid 60 is lowered to adjust the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 within the range of the reference value Ref1.
- the manufacturing apparatus 100 can raise and lower the inner lid 60 independently of the crucible 7 by the inner lid driving mechanism 6. Therefore, the inner lid 60 can be lowered while the height position of the crucible 7 is fixed.
- the inner lid 60 is lowered to adjust the fluctuation range ⁇ H1.
- the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 may be adjusted within the range of the reference value Ref1 by raising the crucible 7 (base 50) while the height position of the inner lid 60 is fixed.
- the elevating device 52 ⁇ / b> A is driven to raise the shaft 51 and the base 50.
- the crucible 7 is raised and the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 can be adjusted within the range of the reference value Ref1.
- the fluctuation amount of the liquid level 80 of the Si—C solution 8 in the growth process can be specified by various methods.
- the height position of the liquid level 80 corresponding to the elapsed time from the start of crystal growth is obtained in advance before the growth process (sample process).
- the same raw material as the SiC single crystal 90 described above is stored in the crucible 7, and the sample Si—C solution 8 is generated in the generation process. Thereafter, the crucible 7 is cooled as it is. After cooling, the crucible 7 is taken out of the chamber 1 and the height of the liquid surface 80 (solidified at room temperature) of the sample Si—C solution 8 in the crucible 7 is measured. Further, another crucible 7 containing the same raw material is prepared, and a sample SiC single crystal is grown under the above-described growth conditions (crystal growth rate, crystal growth time, etc.) of the SiC single crystal 90. After the growth is completed, the height of the liquid level 80 in the cooled crucible 7 is obtained. Based on the crystal growth time, the liquid level 80 at the start of the growth process, and the height of the liquid level 80 at the completion of the growth process, the amount of fluctuation of the liquid level 80 per unit time during crystal growth is determined.
- the method for obtaining the position of the liquid level 80 at the start of growth of the sample SiC single crystal is not limited to the above method.
- the relative movement amount with respect to one of the inner lid 60 and the crucible 7 is determined. Based on the determined relative movement amount, the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 of the distance between the liquid surface 80 and the inner lid 60 during the growth process is adjusted within the range of the reference value Ref1.
- the method for obtaining the position of the liquid level 80 is not limited to the method described above.
- the position of the liquid level 80 may be obtained by simulation.
- the position of the liquid level 80 of the sample Si—C solution 8 at the start of growth of the sample SiC single crystal and at a certain elapsed time is measured, and the height of the liquid level 80 corresponding to the elapsed time is determined based on the result. May be.
- the position of the liquid level 80 may be measured.
- a method of measuring the position of the liquid level 80 there are, for example, a method of optically detecting without contact, a method of electrically detecting a jig (not shown) in contact with the liquid level 80, and the like.
- the non-contact optical detection method is based on the principle of triangulation, for example.
- the liquid level 80 is used as a direct reflector, and the position of the liquid level 80 is obtained.
- a jig for example, a graphite rod
- a jig made of a conductive material electrically insulated from the chamber 1 is lowered and brought into contact with the liquid level 80.
- a voltage is applied to the jig
- electricity is applied when the jig contacts the liquid level 80.
- a voltage is applied to the jig
- electricity is applied when the jig contacts the liquid level 80.
- a voltage is applied to the jig
- electricity is applied when the jig contacts the liquid level 80.
- a voltage is applied to the jig
- current is passed between the pair of jigs.
- energization may be performed between one jig and the seed shaft 41.
- the position of the liquid level 80 is detected.
- the jig is raised and separated from the liquid level 80.
- a predetermined time has elapsed, the jig is lowered again, and the position of the liquid level 80 is detected.
- the jig used at this time is preferably a jig different from the jig used for the previous detection. This is because in the jig used for the previous detection, the solidified Si—C solution 8 may be attached to the jig.
- the position of the liquid surface 80 during the growth process can be specified. Therefore, based on the specified position of the liquid level 80, either the inner lid 60 or the crucible 7 can be moved relative to the other to adjust the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 within the reference value Ref1.
- the variation width ⁇ H1 of the distance between the inner lid 60 and the liquid surface 80 is adjusted within the reference value Ref1 in order to suppress temperature variations in the vicinity region and the peripheral region of the Si—C solution 8. .
- the positional relationship between the liquid level 80 and the high-frequency coil 3 can maintain the positional relationship at the start of crystal growth.
- FIG. 5 is an overall configuration diagram of a SiC single crystal manufacturing apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the manufacturing apparatus 200 includes an elevating mechanism 30 for the high-frequency heating coil 3 as compared with the manufacturing apparatus 100.
- Other configurations of the manufacturing apparatus 200 are the same as those of the manufacturing apparatus 100.
- the elevating mechanism 30 moves the high frequency heating coil 3 up and down.
- the lifting mechanism 30 includes a support member 31 and a lifting device 32.
- the support member 31 includes a connecting member 31A and a gantry 31B.
- the connecting member 31 ⁇ / b> A is a pair of rods, and the upper end thereof is fixed to the lower end of the high-frequency heating coil 3.
- the lower end of the connecting member 31A is fixed to the gantry 31B.
- the gantry 31 ⁇ / b> B is disposed below the chamber 1 and is connected to the lifting device 32.
- the lifting device 32 moves the high-frequency heating coil 3 up and down via the support member 31.
- the high-frequency heating coil 3 may have different heating capabilities in the height direction. Generally, the heating capability is highest at the center HM in the height direction of the high-frequency heating coil 3. Therefore, it is preferable that the relative positional relationship in the height direction between the high-frequency heating coil 3 and the liquid surface 80 can be maintained as much as possible during the growth process.
- the height of the liquid surface 80 coincides with the height center HM of the high-frequency heating coil 3 at the start of the growth process.
- the distance H2 in the height direction between the center HM and the liquid level 80 is zero.
- the high frequency heating coil 3 in the growth process, is moved up and down to adjust the fluctuation range ⁇ H2 of the distance H2 in the height direction between the center HM and the liquid level 80 within the reference value Ref2 ( Coil adjustment process).
- the fluctuation width ⁇ H2 corresponds to the fluctuation width of the relative position between the high-frequency heating coil 3 and the Si—C solution 8 in the height direction.
- the fluctuation range of the relative position between the high frequency heating coil 3 and the liquid level 80 can be kept within the range of the reference value Ref2. For this reason, even when the crystal growth time has elapsed, the heating ability of the high-frequency heating coil 3 to the Si—C solution 8 is unlikely to fluctuate, and the temperature fluctuation of the Si—C solution 8 can be easily suppressed.
- the liquid level 80 decreases from the position of the broken line to the position of the solid line as the crystal growth time elapses.
- the high-frequency heating coil 3 is lowered by the elevating device 32 as the crystal growth time elapses, and is adjusted so that the fluctuation range ⁇ H2 falls within the reference value Ref2.
- either the inner lid 60 or the crucible 7 is moved relative to the other during the growth process, and the fluctuation range is Adjustment is made so that ⁇ H1 falls within the reference value Ref1.
- the reference values Ref1 and Ref2 are appropriately set based on past production results of SiC single crystals.
- the inner lid lifting mechanism 6 is not limited to the above-described configuration.
- the configuration of the inner lid lifting mechanism 6 is not particularly limited as long as the inner lid 60 can be raised and lowered.
- the structure of the crucible elevating mechanism 6 is not particularly limited as long as it can raise and lower the crucible 7.
- the high frequency heating coil raising / lowering mechanism 30 can raise / lower the high frequency heating coil 30, the structure will not be specifically limited.
- the SiC single crystal manufacturing apparatus can raise and lower the inner lid and can also raise and lower the crucible (base).
- the manufacturing apparatus may be able to move up and down only one of the inner lid and the crucible (base).
- the manufacturing apparatus can raise and lower the inner lid, and the crucible does not have to be raised and lowered.
- the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 is adjusted by raising and lowering the inner lid.
- the manufacturing apparatus may not be able to raise and lower the crucible and raise and lower the inner lid. In this case, since the height position of the inner lid is fixed, the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 is adjusted by raising and lowering the crucible.
- SiC single crystals were produced under the production conditions of Invention Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 shown in Table 1, and the quality of the produced SiC single crystals was evaluated.
- the temperature in the vicinity of the seed crystal (crystal growth temperature) in the Si—C solution was 1900 ° C.
- the temperature gradient in the vicinity of the seed crystal was 15 ° C./cm.
- the seed crystal used was a 4H polymorphic SiC single crystal, and the lower surface (crystal growth surface) was the (000-1) plane.
- the meniscus height at the start of crystal growth was 0.5 mm.
- the seed shaft 41 was lifted after 5 hours from the start of crystal growth.
- the ascending speed of the seed shaft 41 during the growth process was 0.158 mm / hr.
- the ascending speed of the crucible 7 was 0.133 mm / hr.
- the crystal growth time was 60 hours.
- the amount of decrease in the liquid level from the start to the end of crystal growth was 6.9 mm, and the ascending amount of the crucible was 7.3 mm.
- the ascending amount of the seed shaft 41 was 8.7 mm.
- the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 was 0.4 mm.
- the thickness of the manufactured SiC single crystal was 8.8 mm.
- Invention Example 2 crystal growth was performed at the same crystal growth temperature and temperature gradient as in Invention Example 1, using the same manufacturing apparatus and seed crystal as in Invention Example 1.
- the seed shaft 41 was lifted after 5 hours from the start of crystal growth.
- the ascending speed of the seed shaft during the growth process was 0.115 mm / hr.
- the ascending speed of the crucible was 0.09 mm / hr.
- the crystal growth time was 60 hours.
- the amount of liquid level drop from the start to the end of crystal growth was 4.9 mm, and the amount of rise of the crucible 7 was 5.0 mm.
- the ascending amount of the seed shaft 41 was 6.3 mm.
- the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 was 0.1 mm.
- the thickness of the manufactured SiC single crystal was 6.5 mm.
- the seed shaft 41 was lifted after 5 hours from the start of crystal growth.
- the ascending speed of the seed shaft 41 during the growth process was 0.007 mm / hr.
- the lowering speed of the inner lid 60 was 0.127 mm / hr.
- the crystal growth time was 60 hours.
- the amount of decrease in liquid level from the start to the end of crystal growth was 6.9 mm, and the amount of rise of the seed shaft 41 was 0.4 mm.
- the descending amount of the inner lid 60 was 7.0 mm.
- the fluctuation range ⁇ H1 was 0.1 mm.
- the thickness of the manufactured SiC single crystal was 7.3 mm.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, the manufacturing apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 7 was used. The manufacturing apparatus 300 did not include the inner lid drive mechanism 6 as compared with the manufacturing apparatus 100. Further, instead of the crucible 7, a crucible 70 was used. The crucible 70 was provided with an inner lid 71 fixed to the inner peripheral surface as compared with the crucible 7. The other configuration of the crucible 70 was the same as that of the crucible 7. In Comparative Example 1, the seed crystal, the raw material of the Si—C solution, the crystal growth temperature, and the temperature gradient were the same as in Example 1 of the present invention.
- An SiC single crystal was manufactured while raising the crucible and the seed shaft.
- the meniscus at the start of crystal growth was 0.5 mm.
- the crystal growth time was 60 hours.
- the seed shaft 41 was raised.
- the ascending speed of the seed shaft 41 during the growth process was 0.11 mm / hr.
- the rising speed of the crucible 70 was 0.136 mm / hr.
- the crystal growth time was 60 hours.
- the amount of decrease in liquid level from the start to the end of crystal growth was 7.5 mm, and the amount of rise of the crucible 7 was also 7.5 mm.
- the ascending amount of the seed shaft 41 was 6.0 mm.
- the raising amount was 7.5 mm.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, as in Comparative Example 1, the manufacturing apparatus 300 shown in FIG. 7 was used. As in Comparative Example 1, a SiC single crystal was produced while raising the crucible and the seed shaft. In Comparative Example 2, the seed crystal, the raw material of the Si—C solution, and the temperature gradient were the same as in Example 1 of the present invention. The crystal growth temperature was 1950 ° C. The meniscus at the start of crystal growth was 0.5 mm. The crystal growth time was 65 hours.
- the seed shaft 41 was raised.
- the ascending speed of the seed shaft 41 during the growth process was 0.152 mm / hr.
- the ascending speed of the crucible was 0.149 mm / hr.
- the crystal growth time was 65 hours.
- the amount of liquid level decrease from the start to the end of crystal growth was 9.9 mm, and the amount of rise of the crucible was 9.9 mm.
- the ascending amount of the seed shaft 41 was 9.7 mm.
- the raising amount was 9.7 mm.
- the lower surface (crystal growth surface) of the SiC single crystal was observed with an optical microscope.
- the crystal growth surface is flat, it indicates that the temperature variation in the vicinity region and the peripheral region of the Si—C solution during the growth process is small. In this case, it was judged good because the single crystal was likely to grow.
- the edge of the crystal growth surface rises from the center (that is, when the edge of the crystal growth surface grows preferentially), the vicinity of the Si—C solution during the growth process and the peripheral region Indicates that the temperature variation is large. In this case, since the single crystal was difficult to grow, it was determined to be defective.
- Table 1 shows the results. Of the evaluation columns in Table 1, “G (Good)” indicates that the crystal growth surface was flat. “NA (Not Acceptable)” indicates that the end of the crystal growth surface is raised above the center.
- the crystal growth surface was flat and good. It is considered that the variation in the distance between the inner lid and the liquid level was within the reference value Ref1. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the end portion of the crystal growth surface was raised from the central portion. This is probably because the distance between the inner lid and the liquid surface was excessively increased with the crystal growth time, and the temperature variation occurred in the Si—C solution 8.
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Abstract
Description
[SiC単結晶の製造装置100の全体構成]
図1は、第1の実施の形態のSiC単結晶の製造装置100の全体構成図である。図1に示すとおり、製造装置100は、チャンバ1と、断熱部材2と、高周波加熱コイル3と、シードシャフト駆動機構4と、坩堝駆動機構5と、中蓋駆動機構6とを備える。
シードシャフト駆動機構4は、シードシャフト41と、駆動装置42とを備える。シードシャフト41は、坩堝駆動機構5内のシャフト51と同軸に配置される。シードシャフト41の下端は、チャンバ1内に配置され、シードシャフト41の上端は、チャンバ1の上方に配置される。つまり、シードシャフト41は、チャンバ1を貫通する。
坩堝駆動機構5は、基台50と、シャフト51と、駆動装置52とを備える。基台50は、筐体状の断熱部材2内に配置される。基台50上には坩堝7が配置される。
中蓋駆動機構6は、中蓋60と、支持機構61と、昇降装置62とを備える。中蓋60は円板状であり、中央にシードシャフト41を通す貫通孔60Aを有する。図1に示すとおり、中蓋60は、Si-C溶液8の液面上方に配置され、中蓋60とSi-C溶液8の液面80との間の空間を保温する。これにより、Si-C溶液8のうち、種結晶直下の近傍領域の温度が均一に維持されやすく、近傍領域以外の他の領域である周辺領域の温度が均一に維持されやすい。この効果を得るためには、中蓋60の下端面は平坦であるのが好ましい。この場合、中蓋60の下端面と液面80との間の高さ方向の距離H1は、場所によらず略一定になるため、近傍領域及び周辺領域の温度がより均一に維持されやすい。中蓋60の側面と坩堝7の内周面との間には、干渉を避けるため隙間が設けられる。この隙間は、小さい方が好ましい。隙間が小さければ、中蓋60と対向する近傍領域及び周辺領域の面積が大きい。そのため、近傍領域及び周辺領域の温度がより均一に維持されやすい。具体的には、隙間は5mm以下であるのが好ましい。より好ましくは、隙間は2mm以下であるのが好ましい。
製造装置100は、中蓋60を、シードシャフト41及び坩堝7と別個独立して昇降できる。製造装置100はさらに、坩堝7が配置された基台50を、中蓋7と別個独立して昇降できる。したがって、中蓋60及び基台50に配置された坩堝7のいずれか一方を、他方に対して高さ方向に相対移動できる。そのため、結晶成長に伴ってSi-C溶液8の液面80が低下した場合であっても、中蓋60と液面80との高さ方向の距離H1(つまり、中蓋60と液面80との高さ方向の相対位置)の変動幅ΔH1を、基準値Ref1の範囲内に調整することができる。以下、SiC単結晶の製造方法について説明する。
準備工程では、上述の製造装置100を準備する。そして、シードシャフト41の下端面に種結晶9を取付ける。さらに、Si-C溶液8の原料が収容された坩堝7を、チャンバ1内に収納し、基台50上に配置する。この時点では、中蓋60は、坩堝7内に配置されていてもよいし、坩堝7の上方に配置されていてもよい。
次に、Si-C溶液8を生成する。初めに、チャンバ1内に不活性ガスを充填する。そして、高周波加熱コイル3により、坩堝7内のSi-C溶液8の原料を融点以上に加熱する。坩堝7が黒鉛からなる場合、坩堝7を加熱すると、坩堝7から炭素が融液に溶け込み、Si-C溶液8が生成される。坩堝7の炭素がSi-C溶液8に溶け込むと、Si-C溶液8内の炭素濃度は飽和濃度に近づく。
次に、駆動装置42により、シードシャフト41を降下して、種結晶9をSi-C溶液8に接触させる。種結晶9をSi-C溶液8に接触させた後、シードシャフト41を若干上昇させ、種結晶9と液面80との間でメニスカスを形成する。
中蓋調整工程では、中蓋60及び坩堝7のいずれか一方を他方に対して高さ方向に相対移動して、変動幅ΔH1を基準値Ref1の範囲内に調整する。
第1の実施の形態では、Si-C溶液8の近傍領域及び周辺領域の温度ばらつきを抑制するため、中蓋60及び液面80の間の距離の変動幅ΔH1を基準値Ref1内に調整する。
Si-C溶液の原料の組成は、原子比で、Si:Cr=0.6:0.4であった。Si-C溶液における種結晶近傍の温度(結晶成長温度)は、1900℃であった。種結晶近傍領域の温度勾配は、15℃/cmであった。使用した種結晶は、4H多形のSiC単結晶であり、下面(結晶成長面)は、(000-1)面であった。結晶成長開始時のメニスカス高さは0.5mmであった。
本発明例2では、本発明例1と同じ製造装置及び種結晶を用い、本発明例1と同じ結晶成長温度、温度勾配で結晶成長を行った。Si-C溶液の原料の組成は、原子比で、Si:Ti=0.77:0.23であった。さらに、成長工程中の中蓋60の高さ位置を固定し、液面80の低下に応じて坩堝7を上昇して、変動幅ΔH1を基準値Ref1=0.5mm以下に抑えるように調整した。
本発明例3では、本発明例1と同じ製造装置、種結晶、及びSi-C溶液の原料を用い、本発明例1と同じ結晶成長温度、温度勾配で結晶成長を行った。本発明例1及び2と異なり、成長工程中の坩堝7の高さ位置を固定して、液面80の低下に応じて中蓋60を下降して、変動幅ΔH1を基準値Ref1=0.5mm以下に抑えるように調整した。
比較例1では、図7に示す製造装置300を使用した。製造装置300は、製造装置100と比較して、中蓋駆動機構6を備えなかった。さらに、坩堝7に変えて、坩堝70を使用した。坩堝70は、坩堝7と比較して、内周面に固定された中蓋71を備えた。坩堝70のその他の構成は、坩堝7と同じとした。比較例1では、種結晶、Si-C溶液の原料、結晶成長温度、及び温度勾配は、本発明例1と同じであった。
比較例2では、比較例1と同様に、図7に示す製造装置300を使用した。比較例1と同様に、坩堝及びシードシャフトを上昇しながら、SiC単結晶を製造した。比較例2では、種結晶、Si-C溶液の原料、及び温度勾配は、本発明例1と同じであった。結晶成長温度は1950℃であった。結晶成長開始時のメニスカスは0.5mmであった。結晶成長時間は65時間であった。
上述の製造方法により製造された本発明例1~3及び比較例1及び2において、上述の結晶成長時間が終了した後、シードシャフト41を上昇して、成長したSiC単結晶をSi-C溶液から切り離した。その後、チャンバ内を室温まで徐冷した。
Claims (9)
- 溶液成長法によりSiC単結晶を製造する製造方法であって、
Si-C溶液の原料が収納された坩堝と、種結晶が下端に取付けられたシードシャフトと、前記シードシャフトを通す貫通孔を中央に有し、前記坩堝内に配置可能な中蓋とを備える製造装置を準備する準備工程と、
前記坩堝内の前記原料を加熱して、前記Si-C溶液を生成する生成工程と、
前記Si-C溶液に前記種結晶を接触させて、前記種結晶上に前記SiC単結晶を製造する成長工程と、
前記成長工程中において、前記中蓋及び前記坩堝のいずれか一方を他方に対して高さ方向に相対移動して、前記中蓋と前記Si-C溶液との間の高さ方向距離の変動幅を第1基準範囲内に調整する中蓋調整工程とを備える、SiC単結晶の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の製造方法であって、
前記中蓋調整工程では、前記成長工程中の前記Si-C溶液の単位時間当たりの液面高さの変動量に基づいて、前記中蓋と前記Si-C溶液との間の高さ方向距離の前記変動幅を調整する、製造方法。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の製造方法であって、
前記製造装置はさらに、前記坩堝の周りに配置される高周波加熱コイルを備え、
前記製造方法はさらに、
前記成長工程中において、前記高周波加熱コイル及び前記坩堝のいずれか一方を他方に対して高さ方向に相対移動して、前記高周波加熱コイルと前記Si-C溶液との高さ方向の相対位置の変動幅を第2基準範囲内に調整するコイル調整工程を備える、製造方法。 - 請求項3に記載の製造方法であって、
前記コイル調整工程では、前記成長工程中の前記Si-C溶液の単位時間当たりの液面高さの変動量に基づいて、前記高周波加熱コイルと前記Si-C溶液との高さ方向の相対位置の変動幅を調整する、製造方法。 - 溶液成長法によりSiC単結晶を製造する製造装置であって、
Si-C溶液を収容可能な坩堝を収納可能なチャンバと、
前記坩堝を配置可能な基台と、
種結晶を取付け可能な下端面を有するシードシャフトと、
中央に前記シードシャフトを通す貫通孔を有し、前記坩堝内であって前記Si-C溶液の液面の上方に配置可能な中蓋とを備え、
前記基台及び前記中蓋のうちのいずれか一方は、他方に対して相対的に高さ方向に移動可能である、SiC単結晶の製造装置。 - 請求項5に記載の製造装置であってさらに、
筒状の高周波加熱コイルを備え、
前記坩堝は、高周波加熱コイル内に配置可能であり、
前記基台及び前記高周波加熱コイルのいずれか一方は、他方に対して相対的に高さ方向に移動可能である、製造装置。 - 請求項5又は6に記載の製造装置であって、
前記シードシャフト及び前記基台と別個独立して前記中蓋を昇降する中蓋昇降機構を備える、製造装置。 - 請求項5~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の製造装置であって、
上端に前記坩堝を配置可能であり、前記中蓋と別個独立して前記基台を昇降する坩堝昇降機構を備える、製造装置。 - 請求項6に記載の製造装置であって、
前記高周波加熱コイルを昇降するコイル昇降機構を備える、製造装置。
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CN114525587B (zh) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-19 | 中电化合物半导体有限公司 | 基于pvt法生长碳化硅单晶的设备及方法 |
CN116288646B (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-11-07 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 提笼机构及晶体生长装置、晶体生长方法 |
CN117051471B (zh) * | 2023-08-15 | 2024-03-22 | 通威微电子有限公司 | 液相法生长碳化硅晶体的装置及方法 |
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- 2015-10-13 WO PCT/JP2015/005169 patent/WO2016059788A1/ja active Application Filing
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- 2015-10-13 KR KR1020177012907A patent/KR20170070154A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20170298533A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
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