WO2016059720A1 - 充放電制御装置 - Google Patents
充放電制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016059720A1 WO2016059720A1 PCT/JP2014/077687 JP2014077687W WO2016059720A1 WO 2016059720 A1 WO2016059720 A1 WO 2016059720A1 JP 2014077687 W JP2014077687 W JP 2014077687W WO 2016059720 A1 WO2016059720 A1 WO 2016059720A1
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- power storage
- storage device
- power
- warm
- control unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/25—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by controlling the electric load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- This invention relates to a charge / discharge control device.
- An electric railway vehicle (hereinafter referred to as an electric vehicle) equipped with an electric power storage device travels by driving an electric motor with electric power output from the electric power storage device on a non-electrified route without an overhead line facility.
- a secondary battery such as a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery, or an electric double layer capacitor is used.
- the power that can be discharged from the power storage device may decrease. Therefore, techniques for increasing the temperature of the power storage device have been developed.
- the drive control device for a railway vehicle disclosed in Patent Document 1 performs load absorption at the engine brake by driving the generator by charging the storage battery by engine power generation and discharging the storage battery without operating the inverter. By repeating, the temperature rise of a storage battery is accelerated
- the drive control device for a railway vehicle disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires an engine and a generator for discharging. Therefore, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 cannot be applied to an electric vehicle equipped with a power storage device.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to increase the temperature of a power storage device with a simpler configuration.
- a charge / discharge control device of the present invention includes a plurality of power converters, a power storage device connected to the output side of the power converter, and provided for each power converter, and a control unit.
- a power source is connected to the input side of the power converter, the positive electrodes on the input side of the plurality of power converters are connected to each other, and the negative electrodes on the input side are connected to each other.
- the power converter is capable of bidirectional power conversion.
- the control unit performs charging and discharging of the power storage device connected to the power converter by controlling the output current of the power converter.
- the control unit charges the power storage device when the warm-up operation command is not acquired, and discharges at least one power storage device when the warm-up operation command is acquired, and the power storage A warm-up operation for charging at least one other power storage device using the power discharged from the device, and at least one of the power storage device to be discharged and the power storage device to be charged Change and repeat warm-up operation.
- the present invention it is possible to increase the temperature of the power storage device with a simpler configuration by repeating charge / discharge of the plurality of power storage devices to transfer power between the power storage devices.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control unit according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the control part which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 5 is a timing chart illustrating an example of an operation of charge / discharge control performed by the charge / discharge control device according to the second embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of the charging / discharging control apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. 12 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control unit according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 12 is a timing chart illustrating an example of an operation of charge / discharge control performed by the charge / discharge control device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of a charge / discharge control apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 converts input power as necessary, and supplies the converted power to a load device connected to the output side. Moreover, when the warm-up operation command is not acquired, the charge / discharge control device 1 charges the power storage devices 13 and 23, and when the warm-up operation command is acquired, the charge / discharge control device 1 The warm-up operation of charging the other of the power storage devices 13, 23 using the discharged and discharged power is repeated so that the power storage devices 13, 23 are alternately discharged. The charge / discharge control device 1 repeats the warm-up operation and raises the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 by transferring power between the power storage devices 13 and 23.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 includes a first control device 10 and a second control device 20.
- the number of control devices included in the charge / discharge control device 1 is an arbitrary number of 2 or more. Since the configuration of the first control device 10 and the second control device 20 is the same, each part of the first control device 10 will be described.
- the first control device 10 includes a power converter capable of bidirectional power conversion.
- the first control device 10 includes a converter 11 as a power converter.
- the first control device 10 includes a current sensor 12 that detects an output current of the converter 11, a power storage device 13 that is charged by power output from the converter 11, and a control unit 14 that controls the converter 11.
- the control unit 14 includes a processor including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an internal memory, and a memory including a RAM (Random Access Memory) and a flash memory.
- the control unit 14 executes a control program stored in the memory and controls the converter 11.
- the positive electrode on the input side of the converter 11 and the positive electrode on the input side of the converter 21 are connected to each other, and the negative electrode on the input side of the converter 11 and the negative electrode on the input side of the converter 21 are connected to each other.
- a power supply (not shown) is connected to the input side of the converter 11.
- the power storage device 13 and a load device (not shown) are connected to the output side of the converter 11.
- the power storage device 13 includes a secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, or the like, and can store power necessary for driving the load device.
- the control unit 14 outputs a gate signal for switching on and off the switching element of the converter 11 based on the output current of the converter 11 detected by the current sensor 12. Control unit 14 performs charging and discharging of power storage device 13 by controlling the output current of converter 11.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of mounting the charge / discharge control apparatus according to the first embodiment on an electric railway vehicle.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 is mounted on, for example, an electric railway vehicle (hereinafter referred to as an electric vehicle).
- Electric power supplied from a substation which is a power source (not shown), is supplied to converters 11 and 21 via current collector 3 such as overhead line 2 and a pantograph.
- the return current from the converters 11 and 21 returns to the negative side of the substation via the wheel 4 and the rail 5 of the electric vehicle.
- the configuration of the converter 11 is arbitrary.
- the converter 11 performs DC (Direct Current) -DC conversion, for example, for converting a voltage of about 1500 V DC into a voltage of about 700 V.
- DC Direct Current
- the converter 11 performs AC (Alternating Current) -DC conversion.
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- the inverters 6 and 7 are connected to the output sides of the converters 11 and 21, respectively. Inverters 6 and 7 perform DC-AC conversion. It is preferable to use voltage type PWM inverters as the inverters 6 and 7. Electric motors 8 and 9 are connected to the output sides of the inverters 6 and 7, respectively. When the electric motors 8 and 9 are driven by the outputs of the inverters 6 and 7, the propulsive force of the electric vehicle is obtained.
- the power storage devices 13 and 23 are charged by the power acquired via the overhead wire 2 and the current collector 3, and the inverters 6 and 7 are driven.
- the installation method of the charge / discharge control apparatus 1 in an electric vehicle and the input method of the warm-up operation command with respect to the charge / discharge control apparatus 1 are arbitrary.
- the warm-up operation is started by operating the warm-up operation switch provided on the cab before the start of operation.
- the inverters 6 and 7 are stopped, but the warm-up operation may be performed when the inverters 6 and 7 are driven.
- the first control device 10 and the second control device 20 may be mounted on the same electric vehicle, or may be mounted on different electric vehicles as long as power can be transferred via the overhead wire 2. Further, for example, the first control device 10 may be mounted on an electric vehicle, the second control device 20 may be installed at a station, and the warm-up operation may be performed while the electric vehicle is stopped at the station.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control unit according to the first embodiment. Since the configurations of the control units 14 and 24 are the same, each unit of the control unit 14 will be described.
- the current command selection unit 141 outputs a current command value when a warm-up operation command is not acquired, and outputs a warm-up operation current command value when a warm-up operation command is acquired.
- the current command value and the warm-up operation current command value may be input from the outside, or may be held in advance inside the current command selection unit 141.
- the current command value is a command value of the output current of the converter 11 during normal operation, and is determined based on the output current for the load device and the charging current of the power storage device 13.
- the current command value may be calculated by, for example, an inverter control unit that controls the inverter 6.
- the warm-up operation current command value is a command value of the output current of the converter 11 during the warm-up operation, and is a value determined in advance according to the characteristics of the power storage device 13.
- the timer circuit 142 When the timer circuit 142 acquires the warm-up operation command, the timer circuit 142 starts counting up and outputs a signal H11 to the current direction selection unit 143.
- the signal H11 is a signal indicating switching between charging and discharging. For example, the value of the signal H11 is 1 or -1, and the initial value is 1.
- the timer circuit 142 Inverts the sign of the signal H11, resets the count value, and starts counting up again.
- the threshold value can be arbitrarily determined.
- the timer circuits 142 included in each of the control units 14 and 24 may be synchronized with each other, or each timer circuit 142 may operate independently.
- the control units 14 and 24 may use a common timer circuit 142.
- the current direction selection unit 143 outputs a signal H21 having a value of 1 when the warm-up operation is not being performed. For example, when the signal H11 is not output, the current direction selection unit 143 outputs the signal H21 having a value of 1.
- the current direction selection unit 143 multiplies the signal H11 by 1 or ⁇ 1 based on the control device number that is a number that uniquely identifies the control device, and outputs the multiplication result as the signal H21. For example, it is assumed that the control device number 1 indicates the first control device 10 and the control device number 2 indicates the second control device 20.
- the current direction selection unit 143 multiplies the signal H11 by 1 and outputs the multiplication result as the signal H21. To do.
- the current direction selection unit 143 multiplies the signal H11 by ⁇ 1, and the result of the multiplication is the signal H21. Output as.
- the multiplier 144 multiplies the current command value or warm-up operation current command value output from the current command selection unit 141 by the signal H21 output from the current direction selection unit 143, and outputs the multiplication result.
- the filter circuit 145 is provided with, for example, a first-order lag element having a time constant of about 1 second or a ramp function of about 1 second. Even when the output of the multiplier 144 changes suddenly, the filter circuit 145 The rate of change of output is maintained within a predetermined range. By providing the filter circuit 145, the rate of change of the output current of the converter 11 can be maintained within a predetermined range. When the direction of the output current of the converter 11 is switched instantaneously, the operation of the first control device 10 becomes unstable. However, by providing the filter circuit 145, the operation of the first control device 10 can be stabilized. .
- the current control unit 146 performs feedback control based on the output of the filter circuit 145 and the output current of the converter 11 acquired from the current sensor 12 so that the output current of the converter 11 approaches the output of the filter circuit 145.
- Current control unit 146 outputs a gate signal for controlling on / off of a switching element included in converter 11.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing an example of operation of charge / discharge control performed by the charge / discharge control apparatus according to the first embodiment. The operation of the warm-up operation when the warm-up operation command is acquired at time T1 will be described.
- the power storage device 13 is described as the first power storage device
- the power storage device 23 is described as the second power storage device.
- the load devices connected to the charge / discharge control device 1 such as the inverters 6 and 7 are stopped, and the power consumption in the load device is a sufficiently small value.
- the timer circuits 142 provided in the control units 14 and 24 each acquire a warm-up operation command at time T1, start counting up, and output signals H11 and H12.
- a signal output from the timer circuit 142 included in the control unit 14 is referred to as a signal H11
- a signal output from the timer circuit 142 included in the control unit 24 is referred to as H12.
- the values of the signals H11 and H12 are the same.
- the signals H11 and H12 start outputting at time T1, and have an initial value 1 from time T1 to time T2. Since the count value reaches the threshold value at time T2, the signs of the signals H11 and H12 are inverted, and the values of the signals H11 and H12 are ⁇ 1 from time T2 to time T3. Since the count value reaches the threshold value at time T3, the signs of the signals H11 and H12 are inverted, and the values of the signals H11 and H12 are 1 from time T3 to time T4.
- the current direction selection unit 143 included in the control unit 14 outputs the signal H21 having a value of 1 because the signal H11 is not output until time T1.
- the current direction selection unit 143 included in the control unit 14 outputs the result of multiplying the signal H11 by 1 as the signal H21 after time T1.
- the current direction selection unit 143 included in the control unit 24 outputs the signal H22 having a value of 1 because the signal H12 is not output until time T1.
- the current direction selection unit 143 included in the control unit 24 outputs the result of multiplying the signal H12 by ⁇ 1 as the signal H22 after the time T1.
- the current command selection unit 141 included in the control units 14 and 24 outputs a current command value Ic until time T1, and outputs a warm-up operation current command value Id after time T1.
- Each of the multipliers 144 included in the control units 14 and 24 outputs a result obtained by multiplying the current command value Ic by the signals H21 and H22 until the time T1, and after the time T1, the warm-up operation current command value Id is output to the signals H21 and H22. The result of multiplying is output.
- the current command value Ic is determined according to the charging current of the power storage devices 13 and 23, and the warm-up operation current command value Id is determined according to the characteristics of the power storage devices 13 and 23 during charging and discharging. In the example of FIG.
- the current command value Ic is set to a value larger than the warm-up operation current command value Id, but the current command value Ic may be a value equal to or less than the warm-up operation current command value Id.
- the load device is stopped, but when the load device is operating, the output current to the load device is superimposed on the current command value Ic and the warm-up operation current command value Id, respectively. .
- the value of the output IR1 of the filter circuit 145 included in the control unit 14 is Ic until time T1, decreases from Ic to Id after time T1, decreases from Id to -Id after time T2, and after time T3. Increase from Id to Id.
- the value of the output IR2 of the filter circuit 145 included in the control unit 24 is Ic until time T1, decreases from Ic to ⁇ Id after time T1, increases from ⁇ Id to Id after time T2, and increases after time T3. Decreases from Id to -Id.
- the current control unit 146 included in the control unit 14 feedback-controls the converter 11 based on the output IR1 of the filter circuit 145 and the output of the current sensor 12.
- the current control unit 146 included in the control unit 24 performs feedback control of the converter 21 based on the output IR2 of the filter circuit 145 and the output of the current sensor 22.
- the output current of the converter 11 approaches the output IR1 of the filter circuit 145 included in the control unit 14
- the output current of the converter 21 approaches the output IR2 of the filter circuit 145 included in the control unit 24.
- the power storage device 23 (second power storage device) is discharged from time T1 to time T2, and the power storage device 13 (first power storage device) is generated by the discharged power. Is charged. From time T2 to time T3, the power storage device 13 is discharged, and the power storage device 23 is charged with the discharged power. From time T3 to time T4, the power storage device 23 is discharged, and the power storage device 13 is charged with the discharged power. As described above, when the power storage devices 13 and 23 are repeatedly charged and discharged, power is transferred between the power storage devices 13 and 23. Heat is generated by the internal resistance loss of the power storage devices 13 and 23, and the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 rises.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 ends the warm-up operation when, for example, the temperature of each of the power storage devices 13 and 23 reaches a threshold value.
- the timing for terminating the warm-up operation is arbitrary, and the warm-up operation may be terminated after the warm-up operation has been performed for a certain time.
- the warm-up operation may be repeated intermittently.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 warms up at time T2. The machine operation may be terminated.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 may perform a warm-up operation for discharging the power storage device 13 and charging the power storage device 23 in the next warm-up operation. Further, for example, the warm-up operation may be started while the load device is stopped, and the warm-up operation may be interrupted in order to operate the load device. After that, after the load device stops, the charge / discharge control device 1 may resume the warm-up operation. When restarting the warm-up operation, the power storage devices 13 and 23 that were being charged at the time of interruption may be charged, and the power storage devices 13 and 23 that were being discharged at the time of interruption may be discharged. In this case, the storage device stores whether each of the power storage devices 13 and 23 is being charged or discharged at the time of interruption.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating another configuration example of the control unit according to the first embodiment.
- the timer circuit 142 included in the control unit 14 receives the output current of the converter 11 from the current sensor 12 and determines whether the power storage device 13 is being charged or discharged based on the sign of the output current of the converter 11. To do.
- the control unit 14 uses, for example, a first threshold value and a second threshold value that is different from the first threshold value. When the power storage device 13 is discharged, the control unit 14 performs discharging until the discharge time reaches the first threshold value. When charging the power storage device 13, charging may be performed until the charging time reaches the second threshold value.
- control unit 14 when the charging time is set longer than the discharging time using the first threshold and the second threshold that is larger than the first threshold will be described. An operation of the control unit 14 when the power storage device 13 is charged will be described.
- the timer circuit 142 Inverts the sign of the signal H11, resets the count value, and starts counting up again.
- the processing of the current command selection unit 141 and the processing after the multiplier 144 are the same as in the above example.
- the timer circuit 142 notifies the current direction selection unit 143 of the end of the discharge time when the count value reaches the first threshold during the discharge of the power storage device 13.
- the timer circuit 142 continues to count up after the count value reaches the first threshold value, and when the count value reaches the second threshold value, the sign of the signal H11 is inverted, the count value is reset, Start counting up again.
- the current direction selection unit 143 sets the value of the signal H21 to 0 regardless of the value of the signal H11. As a result, the power storage device 13 is neither charged nor discharged until the count value reaches the second threshold value after reaching the first threshold value.
- the processing of the current command selection unit 141 and the processing after the multiplier 144 are the same as in the above example.
- the power storage devices 13 and 23 are discharged until the discharge time reaches the first threshold value, and the power storage devices 13 and 23 are charged until the charge time reaches the second threshold value.
- the charging time and discharging time of the power storage device 13 may be different.
- an auxiliary power supply device is provided in parallel with the inverter 6 shown in FIG. In this case, power is supplied from the power storage device 13 to the auxiliary power supply device on the non-electrified route.
- the power storage device 13 stores the power corresponding to the power supplied from the power storage device 13 to the auxiliary power supply device.
- the difference between the charging time and the discharging time in the power storage device 13 can be determined according to the power consumption in the auxiliary power supply device.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 As described above, according to the charge / discharge control device 1 according to the first embodiment, power is transferred between the power storage devices 13 and 23 by repeating charging and discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 at regular intervals. As a result, the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 can be increased with a simpler configuration. In addition, by switching charging / discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 as described above, it is possible to prevent an uneven charge amount of the power storage devices 13 and 23 from occurring.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a control unit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the control units 14 and 24 according to the second embodiment switch charging / discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 based on the SOC (State Of Charge) of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged.
- the operation of the control unit 14 different from the first embodiment will be described below.
- the control unit 14 according to the second embodiment includes an SOC comparison unit 147 instead of the timer circuit 142.
- the SOC comparison unit 147 receives an input of the SOC of the power storage device 13.
- the method for calculating the SOC of the power storage device 13 is arbitrary. For example, the SOC is calculated from the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the SOC. Note that the SOC comparison unit 147 may calculate the SOC.
- the SOC comparison unit 147 outputs the same signal H11 as that of the first embodiment to the current direction selection unit 143 when the warm-up operation command is acquired.
- the SOC comparison unit 147 repeatedly compares the SOC and the threshold value at a predetermined timing while the power storage device 13 is being charged, and inverts the sign of the signal H11 when the SOC reaches the threshold value. Timing for comparing the threshold value and the SOC with the threshold value can be arbitrarily determined.
- the SOC comparison unit 147 receives the output current of the converter 11 from the current sensor 12 and determines whether the power storage device 13 is being charged or discharged based on the sign of the output current of the converter 11.
- the SOC comparison units 147 included in the control units 14 and 24 notify each other of timings for inverting the signs of the signals H11 and H12. While the power storage device 13 is being charged, the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 14 repeatedly compares the SOC of the power storage device 13 and the threshold value, and when the SOC reaches the threshold value, the SOC comparison unit included in the control unit 24 A signal switch notification is sent to 147. By the signal switching notification, the signs of the signal H11 output from the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 14 and the signal H12 output from the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 24 are inverted.
- the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 24 repeatedly compares the SOC of the power storage device 23 with a threshold value, and the control unit 14 includes when the SOC reaches the threshold value. Signal switching is notified to the SOC comparison unit 147.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart illustrating an example of an operation of charge / discharge control performed by the charge / discharge control apparatus according to the second embodiment. The way of viewing the figure is the same as in FIG.
- the SOC comparison unit 147 provided in each of the control units 14 and 24 acquires a warm-up operation command at time T1 and outputs signals H11 and H12. Since the SOC comparison units 147 included in the control units 14 and 24 notify each other of signal switching, the values of the signals H11 and H12 are the same.
- the signals H11 and H12 start outputting at time T1, and have an initial value 1 from time T1 to time T2.
- time T2 when the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 14 detects that the SOC of the power storage device 13 being charged has reached the threshold value, and notifies the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 24 of signal switching.
- the signs of the signals H11 and H12 are inverted.
- the values of the signals H11 and H12 are -1 from time T2 to time T3.
- time T3 when the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 24 detects that the SOC of the power storage device 23 being charged has reached the threshold, and notifies the SOC comparison unit 147 included in the control unit 14 of signal switching.
- the signs of the signals H11 and H12 are inverted.
- the values of the signals H11 and H12 are 1 from time T3 to time T4.
- the processing after the current direction selection unit 143 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the power storage device 23 (second power storage device) is discharged from time T1 to time T2, and the power storage device 13 (first power storage device) is generated by the discharged power. Is charged. From time T2 to time T3, the power storage device 13 is discharged, and the power storage device 23 is charged with the discharged power. From time T3 to time T4, the power storage device 23 is discharged, and the power storage device 13 is charged with the discharged power. As described above, when the power storage devices 13 and 23 are repeatedly charged and discharged, power is transferred between the power storage devices 13 and 23. Since heat is generated due to the internal resistance loss of the power storage devices 13 and 23, the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 rises. When the SOC of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged reaches a threshold value, the charging is terminated. Therefore, it is possible to increase the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 while suppressing overcharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23. It becomes.
- charge / discharge control device 1 As described above, according to charge / discharge control device 1 according to the second embodiment, charging and discharging of power storage devices 13 and 23 are switched each time the SOC of power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged reaches a threshold value.
- the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 can be increased with a simpler configuration.
- the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 can be increased while suppressing overcharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the charge / discharge control apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the charge / discharge control device 1 according to the third embodiment uses the voltage sensor 15 that acquires the voltage of the power storage device 13 and the voltage of the power storage device 23.
- a voltage sensor 25 is provided.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control unit according to the third embodiment.
- the control units 14 and 24 according to Embodiment 3 switch charging / discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 based on the voltage of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged.
- the operation of the control unit 14 different from the first embodiment will be described below.
- the control unit 14 according to the third embodiment includes a voltage comparison unit 148 instead of the timer circuit 142.
- the voltage comparison unit 148 acquires the voltage of the power storage device 13 from the power sensor 15.
- the voltage comparison unit 148 outputs the same signal H11 as in the first embodiment to the current direction selection unit 143 when the warm-up operation command is acquired.
- the voltage comparison unit 148 repeatedly compares the voltage of the power storage device 13 with a threshold value at a predetermined timing while the power storage device 13 is being charged, and inverts the sign of the signal H11 when the voltage reaches the threshold value. Let Timing for comparing the threshold and the voltage of the power storage device 13 with the threshold can be arbitrarily determined.
- the voltage comparison unit 148 receives the output current of the converter 11 from the current sensor 12 and determines whether the power storage device 13 is being charged or discharged based on the sign of the output current of the converter 11.
- the voltage comparison units 148 provided in the control units 14 and 24 notify each other of timings for inverting the signs of the signals H11 and H12. While the power storage device 13 is being charged, the voltage comparison unit 148 included in the control unit 14 repeatedly compares the voltage of the power storage device 13 with the threshold value, and when the voltage reaches the threshold value, the voltage comparison unit included in the control unit 24. 148 is notified of signal switching. By the signal switching notification, the signs of the signal H11 output from the voltage comparison unit 148 included in the control unit 14 and the signal H12 output from the voltage comparison unit 148 included in the control unit 24 are inverted.
- the voltage comparison unit 148 included in the control unit 24 repeatedly compares the voltage of the power storage device 23 with the threshold value, and the control unit 14 includes the voltage when the voltage reaches the threshold value.
- the voltage comparison unit 148 is notified of signal switching.
- FIG. 10 is a timing chart illustrating an example of an operation of charge / discharge control performed by the charge / discharge control device according to the third embodiment. The way of viewing the figure is the same as in FIG.
- the voltage comparison unit 148 provided in each of the control units 14 and 24 acquires a warm-up operation command at time T1, and outputs signals H11 and H12. Since the voltage comparison units 148 included in the control units 14 and 24 notify the signal switching, the values of the signals H11 and H12 are the same.
- the signals H11 and H12 start outputting at time T1, and have an initial value 1 from time T1 to time T2.
- time T2 when the voltage comparison unit 148 included in the control unit 14 detects that the voltage of the power storage device 13 being charged has reached the threshold, and notifies the voltage comparison unit 148 included in the control unit 24 of signal switching.
- the signs of the signals H11 and H12 are inverted.
- the values of the signals H11 and H12 are -1 from time T2 to time T3.
- the power storage device 23 (second power storage device) is discharged from time T1 to time T2, and the power storage device 13 (first power storage device) is generated by the discharged power. Is charged. From time T2 to time T3, the power storage device 13 is discharged, and the power storage device 23 is charged with the discharged power. From time T3 to time T4, the power storage device 23 is discharged, and the power storage device 13 is charged with the discharged power. As described above, when the power storage devices 13 and 23 are repeatedly charged and discharged, power is transferred between the power storage devices 13 and 23. Since heat is generated due to the internal resistance loss of the power storage devices 13 and 23, the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 rises. Since charging is terminated when the voltage of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged reaches a threshold value, it is possible to increase the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 while suppressing overcharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23. It becomes.
- the charging and discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 are switched each time the voltage of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged reaches a threshold value.
- the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 can be increased with a simpler configuration.
- the temperature of the power storage devices 13 and 23 can be increased while suppressing overcharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23.
- the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be configured by arbitrarily combining a plurality of the above-described embodiments. For example, when the first and second embodiments are combined, the SOC of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged reaches a threshold value, or the charging time and the discharge time of the power storage devices 13 and 23 reach a certain time. Charging and discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 may be switched. In this case, even if there is an error in the calculated SOC value, charging / discharging is switched when a certain time has elapsed, so that overcharging of the power storage devices 13, 23 can be prevented.
- Charging and discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 may be switched. In this case, even when an abnormality occurs in the voltage sensor 15, charging and discharging are switched when a certain period of time has elapsed, so that overcharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 can be prevented.
- the power storage device 13 , 23 when the SOC of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged reaches a threshold value or when the voltage of the power storage devices 13 and 23 reaches a certain time, the power storage device 13 , 23 may be switched between charging and discharging. Further, in combination with the first, second, and third embodiments, when the voltage of the power storage devices 13 and 23 being charged reaches a threshold, when the charging time of the power storage devices 13 and 23 reaches a certain time, When the charging time of the storage devices 13 and 23 reaches a certain time, charging and discharging of the power storage devices 13 and 23 may be switched.
- the number of power converters and the number of power storage devices are arbitrary values of 2 or more.
- the charging / discharging control device 1 is a warm-up that discharges at least one of the plurality of power storage devices and charges at least one other power storage device using the power discharged from the power storage device. Do the driving. Arbitrary order of charging or discharging each power storage device so that the warm-up operation is repeated by changing at least one of the power storage device to be discharged and the power storage device to be charged. I can decide.
- the number of power storage devices may be an odd number.
- the number of the power storage devices is three, for example, after discharging the first power storage device and charging the second power storage device, the discharge of the second power storage device and the third power The storage device may be charged. Also, after discharging the first power storage device, charging the second power storage device, and charging the third power storage device, discharging the second power storage device, charging the first power storage device and The third power storage device may be charged. Thus, if the electric power storage device to be discharged and the electric power storage device to be charged are switched in the ring order, the discharge and the charge will not be biased.
- control units 14 and 24 may be incorporated as a partial function of the vehicle information control device. Moreover, the structure of the above-mentioned control parts 14 and 24 is an example. Control units 14 and 24 are arbitrary circuits that can control the output current of converters 11 and 21 based on the warm-up operation command and charge / discharge time, SOC or voltage of power storage devices 13 and 23.
- the present invention can be suitably employed in a charge / discharge control device that controls charge / discharge of the power storage device.
- 1 charge / discharge control device 2 overhead wires, 3 current collectors, 4 wheels, 5 rails, 6, 7 inverter, 8, 9 electric motor, 10 first control device, 11, 21 converter, 12, 22 current sensor, 13, 23, power storage device, 14, 24 control unit, 15, 25 voltage sensor, 20 second control device, 141 current command selection unit, 142 timer circuit, 143 current direction selection unit, 144 multiplier, 145 filter circuit, 146 current Control unit, 147 SOC comparison unit, 148 voltage comparison unit.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る充放電制御装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。充放電制御装置1は入力電力を必要に応じて変換し、変換された電力を出力側に接続された負荷装置に供給する。また充放電制御装置1は、暖機運転指令を取得していない場合には、電力貯蔵装置13,23の充電を行い、暖機運転指令を取得した場合には、電力貯蔵装置13,23の一方の放電および放電された電力を用いた電力貯蔵装置13,23の他方の充電を行う暖機運転を、電力貯蔵装置13,23が交互に放電するように繰り返し行う。充放電制御装置1は、暖機運転を繰り返して、電力貯蔵装置13,23の間で電力の授受を行うことによって電力貯蔵装置13,23の温度を上昇させる。
図6は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る制御部の構成例を示すブロック図である。実施の形態2に係る制御部14,24は、充電中の電力貯蔵装置13,23のSOC(State Of Charge:充電状態)に基づき、電力貯蔵装置13,23の充放電の切り替えを行う。実施の形態1と異なる制御部14の動作について以下に説明する。実施の形態2に係る制御部14は、タイマ回路142の代わりにSOC比較部147を備える。SOC比較部147は、電力貯蔵装置13のSOCの入力を受け付ける。電力貯蔵装置13のSOCの算出方法は任意であり、例えば開放電圧とSOCの関係からSOCを算出する。なおSOC比較部147がSOCを算出してもよい。
図8は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る充放電制御装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。実施の形態3に係る充放電制御装置1は、実施の形態1に係る充放電制御装置1の構成に加えて、電力貯蔵装置13の電圧を取得する電圧センサ15および電力貯蔵装置23の電圧を取得する電圧センサ25を備える。
Claims (7)
- 入力側に電源が接続され、入力側の正極が互いに接続され、入力側の負極が互いに接続された、双方向の電力変換が可能な複数の電力変換器と、
前記電力変換器の出力側に接続され、前記電力変換器ごとに設けられる電力貯蔵装置と、
前記電力変換器の出力電流の制御を行うことで該電力変換器に接続される前記電力貯蔵装置の充電および放電を行う制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、暖機運転指令を取得していない場合には、前記電力貯蔵装置の充電を行い、前記暖機運転指令を取得した場合には、少なくとも1つの前記電力貯蔵装置の放電、および、該電力貯蔵装置から放電された電力を用いた少なくとも1つの他の前記電力貯蔵装置の充電を行う暖機運転を行い、放電する前記電力貯蔵装置および充電される前記電力貯蔵装置の内、少なくともいずれかの前記電力貯蔵装置を変えて前記暖機運転を繰り返し行う、
充放電制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記暖機運転指令を取得した場合には、前記暖機運転において、前記電力貯蔵装置の放電時間が第1の閾値に達するまで前記電力貯蔵装置の放電を行い、前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電時間が第2の閾値に達するまで前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電を行う請求項1に記載の充放電制御装置。
- 前記第1の閾値は前記第2の閾値より小さい値であり、前記制御部は、前記電力貯蔵装置の放電時間が前記第1の閾値に達するまでは該電力貯蔵装置から放電された電力を用いて前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電を行い、前記電力貯蔵装置の放電時間が前記第1の閾値に達した後、前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電時間が前記第2の閾値に達するまでは前記他の電力貯蔵装置に前記電力変換器を介して接続される前記電源から供給される電力を用いて前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電を行う請求項2に記載の充放電制御装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記暖機運転指令を取得した場合には、前記暖機運転において、充電中の前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電状態が閾値に達するまで、前記電力貯蔵装置の放電および前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電を行う請求項1に記載の充放電制御装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記暖機運転指令を取得した場合には、前記暖機運転において、充電中の前記他の電力貯蔵装置の電圧が閾値に達するまで、前記電力貯蔵装置の放電および前記他の電力貯蔵装置の充電を行う請求項1に記載の充放電制御装置。
- 前記複数の電力変換器は偶数個の電力変換器であり、
前記制御部は、前記暖機運転指令を取得した場合には、半数の前記電力貯蔵装置の放電および前記半数の電力貯蔵装置から放電された電力を用いた残りの半数の前記電力貯蔵装置の充電を行う前記暖機運転、および、前記残りの半数の電力貯蔵装置の放電および前記残りの半数の電力貯蔵装置から放電された電力を用いた前記半数の電力貯蔵装置の充電を行う前記暖機運転を交互に繰り返す、
請求項1に記載の充放電制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記電力変換器の出力電流の変化率を定められた範囲内に維持して前記電力変換器の出力電流の制御を行う請求項1に記載の充放電制御装置。
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