WO2016036121A1 - 리튬 전극, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지, 상기 리튬 이차 전지를 포함하는 전지 모듈 및 리튬 전극의 제조방법 - Google Patents
리튬 전극, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지, 상기 리튬 이차 전지를 포함하는 전지 모듈 및 리튬 전극의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016036121A1 WO2016036121A1 PCT/KR2015/009219 KR2015009219W WO2016036121A1 WO 2016036121 A1 WO2016036121 A1 WO 2016036121A1 KR 2015009219 W KR2015009219 W KR 2015009219W WO 2016036121 A1 WO2016036121 A1 WO 2016036121A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/604—Polymers containing aliphatic main chain polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present specification relates to a lithium electrode, a lithium secondary battery including the same, a battery module including the lithium secondary battery, and a method of manufacturing a lithium electrode.
- Lithium secondary batteries have been put to practical use as small, light weight and high capacity rechargeable batteries, and are used in portable electronic devices and communication devices such as small video cameras, mobile phones, and notebook computers.
- Lithium secondary batteries are energy storage devices having high energy and power, and have an advantage of higher capacity and operating voltage than other batteries.
- a high energy is a problem of the safety of the battery has a risk of explosion or fire.
- such a hybrid car has been in the spotlight, so high energy and output characteristics are required such safety can be seen more important.
- a lithium secondary battery is composed of a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte, and transfers energy while reciprocating both electrodes such that lithium ions from the cathode active material are inserted into the anode active material, ie, carbon particles, and desorbed upon discharge by the first charge. Since it plays a role, it becomes possible to charge and discharge.
- the present specification provides a lithium electrode, a lithium secondary battery including the same, a battery module including the lithium secondary battery, and a method of manufacturing a lithium electrode.
- a lithium metal layer having a hydroxyl group on the surface; And a silicon layer provided on the lithium metal layer and including a silicon compound, wherein the silicon compound of the silicon layer is covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group of the lower layer in contact with the silicon layer.
- the present disclosure provides a lithium secondary battery including the lithium electrode.
- the present disclosure provides a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell.
- the present specification includes the step of forming a silicon layer comprising a silicon-based compound on a lithium metal layer having a hydroxyl group on the surface, wherein the silicon-based compound of the silicon layer is covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group of the lower layer in contact with the silicon layer It provides a method for producing a lithium electrode.
- Lithium electrode according to one embodiment of the present specification has an advantage of long life.
- the lithium electrode according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification may be efficiently blocked from moisture.
- the lithium electrode according to the exemplary embodiment of the present specification may have low interface resistance, thereby improving charge and discharge efficiency.
- Lithium electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification is blocked from the moisture, there is a desired advantage of the transfer of lithium ions.
- FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a lithium electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
- FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a lithium electrode according to another exemplary embodiment of the present specification.
- FIG. 3 is a view showing a manufacturing step of the lithium electrode of FIG.
- a lithium metal layer having a hydroxyl group on the surface; And a silicon layer provided on the lithium metal layer and including a silicon compound, wherein the silicon compound of the silicon layer is covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group of the lower layer in contact with the silicon layer.
- the lithium electrode may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium electrode may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the lithium electrode means an entire thickness including a lithium metal layer and a silicon layer.
- the thickness of the lithium electrode means the total thickness of the lithium electrode further including the thickness of the additional layer.
- the thickness of the lithium electrode means an entire thickness including a lithium metal layer, silicon, and a buffer layer.
- the lithium electrode may be used in a battery, and the lithium electrode may be an electrode which emits electrons when the battery is discharged.
- the lithium electrode may be used in a secondary battery, the lithium electrode may emit electrons based on the discharge of the battery, and may serve as a cathode (reduction electrode) when the battery is charged.
- the lithium metal layer means a metal layer containing a lithium metal element.
- the material of the lithium metal layer may be lithium alloy, lithium metal, oxide of lithium alloy or lithium oxide. In this case, a part of the lithium metal layer may be altered by oxygen or moisture or include impurities.
- the lithium metal layer may have a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the lithium metal layer may be 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the percentage of the thickness of the lithium metal layer may be 90% to 99.99%. In this case, there is an advantage that the lithium ions can move smoothly due to the very thin organic protective layer.
- the lithium metal layer may have a hydroxyl group on the surface.
- the hydroxyl group on the surface of the lithium metal layer may be a hydroxy group formed by reaction of a lithium metal with a small amount of water in a lithium metal layer without a separate artificial process, or may be a hydroxyl group formed by surface modification through an additional artificial process.
- the artificial process of forming a hydroxyl group on the surface of the lithium metal layer is not particularly limited, but for example, a method of polishing with a film or sandpaper, or a method of thinly oxidizing the surface of the lithium metal layer by adding a small amount of water in a solvent. And a method of polishing the surface of the lithium metal layer with n-alkanes such as methanol or pentane, but are not limited thereto.
- the silicon layer may include a silicon-based compound provided on the lithium metal layer and covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group of the lower layer of the silicon layer.
- the silicon layer is formed of a silicon-based compound having a reactor capable of covalently bonding with a hydroxyl group.
- the hydroxy group and the silicon-based compound of the lithium metal layer are in contact with the lithium metal layer.
- a substituent that can react with a hydroxyl group of the reaction may react to form a covalent bond.
- the silicon-based compound may self-assemble on the surface of the lithium metal to form a covalent bond by reacting a hydroxyl group on the surface of the lithium metal layer with a reactive substituent of the silicon-based compound. Substituents which do not react with hydroxyl groups on the surface of the lithium metal layer among the substituents of the silicon compound may form crosslinks with neighboring silicon compounds.
- the silicon layer may be provided on at least part of the surface of the lithium metal layer, and specifically, the silicon layer The at least one side of the surface of the lithium metal layer or the silicon layer may be provided on the entire surface of the lithium metal layer.
- the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formed while the lithium metal layer and the electrolyte react with each other may be suppressed. That is, formation of a solid electrolyte interface layer that causes resistance can be suppressed, thereby reducing interface resistance.
- SEI solid electrolyte interphase
- the contact between the lithium metal layer and water may be blocked while suppressing the formation of the solid electrolyte interface layer on the surface of the lithium metal layer.
- the silicon layer may include a silicon compound covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group of the buffer layer.
- the silicon compound may be prepared as a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.
- R1 to R4 is each independently a halogen group, an amino group or an alkoxy group, and the rest are each independently a C 1 to C 10 alkyl group, hydroxy group, 2 ring or less aliphatic ring group, 2 ring or less Is an aromatic ring group or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 , L is a direct bond or an alkylene group of C 1 to C 10 , n is an integer of 0 to 10.
- the moisture contact angle of the silicon layer may be 100 ° or more and 160 ° or less.
- the surface is extremely hydrophobic, there is an advantage of preventing moisture from penetrating the silicon layer, which is a protective layer.
- the silicon layer may have a thickness of greater than or equal to 1 nm and less than or equal to 1 ⁇ m.
- the silicon layer may be formed in the self-assembly behavior of the silane compound to form a uniform and even hydrophobic surface on the lithium metal layer.
- the thickness of the silicon layer may be 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the silicon layer is formed in the self-assembly behavior of the silane-based compound to form a uniform and even hydrophobic surface on the lithium metal layer, there is an advantage that it is easy to move lithium ions because it is very thin.
- the molecules forming the silicon layer on the lithium metal layer are self-assembled and disposed as shown in FIG. 1 to form a covalent bond with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the lithium metal layer, thereby forming a silicon layer on the lithium metal layer.
- the thickness of the silicon layer thus formed may correspond to the length of one molecule forming the silicon layer.
- the silicon layer is thin but covalently bonded on the lithium metal layer, the silicon layer may serve as a relatively stable fixed protective layer.
- the percentage of the thickness of the silicon layer may be 0.0001% to 10%.
- the silicon layer which is a thin organic protective layer, lithium ions may be smoothly moved and the lithium metal layer may be blocked from moisture.
- the percentage of the thickness of the silicon layer may be 0.0005% to 1%, more specifically, may be 0.0005% to 0.1%.
- the buffer layer may be provided between the lithium metal layer and the silicon layer, and is a layer having a hydroxyl group on a surface thereof.
- the buffer layer may be made of a material having a hydroxyl group to have a hydroxyl group on the surface.
- the buffer layer may be made of a material that is easily surface modified to have a hydroxyl group through an additional process.
- the material of the buffer layer is not particularly limited as long as it has a hydroxyl group on the surface thereof and may be coated on the lithium metal layer.
- the buffer layer may include a siloxane compound.
- the siloxane-based compound is expanded in the electrolyte has the advantage that the movement of lithium ions.
- the buffer layer may include polydimethylsiloxane.
- the buffer layer may include polydimethylsiloxane.
- the hydroxyl group on the surface of the buffer layer may be covalently bonded to the silicon layer by reacting with a reactor of a silicon-based compound.
- the buffer layer may be provided on at least a portion of the surface of the lithium metal layer, specifically, the buffer layer
- the at least one side of the surface of the lithium metal layer or the silicon layer may be provided on the entire surface of the lithium metal layer.
- the buffer layer may be provided at 90% or more of the total surface area of the lithium metal layer. Specifically, the buffer layer is preferably provided on the entire surface of the lithium metal layer. In this case, there is an advantage in that the lithium metal layer is protected from moisture and easy to form a silicon layer covalently bonded with a hydroxyl group on the surface of the protective layer.
- the buffer layer may have a thickness of 10 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the protective layer may block the water and swell to move the lithium ions without disturbing the movement of the lithium ions.
- the thickness of the buffer layer may be 10 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably, the thickness of the buffer layer may be 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the percentage of the thickness of the buffer layer may be 0.001% to 10%. In this case, in addition to the swelling phenomenon, it may provide an environment for smooth movement of lithium ions.
- the percentage of the thickness of the buffer layer may be 0.005% to 5%, more specifically, may be 0.005% to 1%.
- the present specification provides a lithium secondary battery including the lithium electrode.
- the lithium electrode includes a cathode, and provides a lithium secondary battery comprising an electrolyte provided between the lithium electrode and the cathode.
- the shape of the lithium secondary battery is not limited, and may be, for example, coin type, flat plate type, cylindrical type, horn type, button type, sheet type, or stacked type.
- the lithium secondary battery may be a lithium air battery.
- the cathode of the lithium secondary battery may be an air electrode.
- the lithium secondary battery may further include a tank for storing the cathode electrolyte and the lithium electrode electrolyte, and a pump for moving the respective electrolyte to the electrode cell, thereby being manufactured as a flow battery.
- the electrolyte may be an electrolyte solution in which the lithium electrode and the cathode are impregnated.
- the lithium secondary battery may further include a separator provided between the lithium electrode and the cathode.
- the separator located between the lithium electrode and the cathode may be used as long as it separates or insulates the lithium electrode and the cathode from each other and enables ion transport between the lithium electrode and the cathode.
- it may be a non-conductive porous membrane or an insulating porous membrane. More specifically, nonwoven fabrics such as polypropylene nonwoven fabric or polyphenylene sulfide nonwoven fabric; Or the porous film of olefin resin, such as polyethylene and a polypropylene, can be illustrated, It is also possible to use these 2 or more types together.
- the lithium secondary battery may further include a cathode electrolyte on the cathode side and a lithium electrode electrolyte on the lithium electrode side separated by a separator.
- the cathode electrolyte and the lithium electrode electrolyte may each include a solvent and an electrolyte salt.
- the cathode electrolyte and the lithium electrode electrolyte may be the same as or different from each other.
- the electrolyte solution may be an aqueous electrolyte solution or a non-aqueous electrolyte solution.
- the aqueous electrolyte may include water as a solvent
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may include a non-aqueous solvent as a solvent.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be selected generally used in the art, and is not particularly limited, for example, carbonate-based, ester-based, ether-based, ketone-based, organosulfur-based, organophosphorous ), Aprotic solvents, and combinations thereof.
- the electrolytic salt refers to dissociation into cations and anions in water or a non-aqueous organic solvent, and is not particularly limited as long as it can transfer lithium ions in a lithium secondary battery, and may be generally used in the art.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt in the electrolyte solution may be 0.1 M or more and 3 M or less. In this case, the charge and discharge characteristics of the lithium secondary battery may be effectively expressed.
- the electrolyte may be a solid electrolyte membrane or a polymer electrolyte membrane.
- the material of the solid electrolyte membrane and the polymer electrolyte membrane is not particularly limited, and those generally used in the art may be employed.
- the solid electrolyte membrane may include a composite metal oxide
- the polymer electrolyte membrane may be a membrane having a conductive polymer inside the porous substrate.
- the cathode refers to an electrode that accepts electrons and reduces lithium-containing ions when the battery is discharged in a lithium secondary battery. On the contrary, when the battery is charged, the cathode active material is oxidized to discharge electrons and lose lithium-containing ions.
- the cathode may include a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer formed on the cathode current collector.
- the material of the cathode active material of the cathode active material layer is not particularly limited as long as it is applied to a lithium secondary battery together with the lithium electrode to reduce lithium-containing ions during discharge and to be oxidized during charging.
- the lithium secondary battery may be a lithium sulfur battery, and the composite material based on the sulfur (S) is not particularly limited, and generally used in the art.
- the cathode material used can be selected and applied.
- the present specification provides a battery module including the lithium secondary battery as a unit cell.
- the battery module may be formed by stacking a bipolar plate provided between two or more lithium secondary batteries according to one embodiment of the present specification.
- the bipolar plate may be porous to supply air supplied from the outside to the cathode included in each of the lithium air batteries.
- it may comprise porous stainless steel or porous ceramics.
- the battery module may be used as a power source for an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a power storage device.
- the present specification includes forming a silicon layer including a silicon-based compound on a lithium metal layer having a hydroxyl group on a surface thereof, wherein the silicon-based compound of the silicon layer is covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group of the lower layer in contact with the silicon layer. It provides a method of manufacturing.
- the forming of the silicon layer may include preparing a solution including a silicon-based compound having a substituent capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group; And coating the solution on at least part of the surface of the lithium metal layer.
- the forming of the silicon layer may include preparing a solution including a silicon-based compound having a substituent capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group; And immersing the lithium metal layer in the solution.
- a silicon layer 200 may be formed by applying a silicon compound (R 3 SiCl) having a chlorine group, which is a substituent capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group, on a lithium metal layer 100 having a hydroxyl group.
- the silicon-based compound is arranged while self-assembling on the surface of the lithium metal, and the lithium metal layer and the silicon layer may be covalently bonded while hydroxy groups on the surface of the lithium metal layer react with chlorine groups to generate hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- each R is independently a halogen group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, an aliphatic ring group of 2 rings or less, an aromatic ring group of 2 rings or less, or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 , L is a direct bond or an alkylene group of C 1 to C 10 , and n is an integer of 0 to 10.
- the silicone compound having a substituent capable of reacting with the hydroxy group may be represented by the following Chemical Formula 1.
- R1 to R4 is each independently a halogen group, an amino group or an alkoxy group, and the rest are each independently a C 1 to C 10 alkyl group, hydroxy group, 2 ring or less aliphatic ring group, 2 ring or less Is an aromatic ring group or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 , L is a direct bond or an alkylene group of C 1 to C 10 , n is an integer of 0 to 10.
- R1 to R3 is each independently a halogen group, an amino group or an alkoxy group, and the rest are each independently a C 1 to C 10 alkyl group, hydroxy group, 2 ring or less aliphatic ring group, 2 ring or less Is an aromatic ring group or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 ,
- R 4 is C 1 to C 10 alkyl group, hydroxy group, bicyclic aliphatic ring group, bicyclic aromatic ring group or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 , L is a direct bond or C 1 to C 10 Phosphorus alkylene group, n being an integer of 0 to 10.
- R1 may be a halogen group, an amino group or an alkoxy group.
- R2 and R3 may be each independently a halogen group, a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group.
- R 4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an aliphatic ring group having 2 rings or less, an aromatic ring group having 2 rings or less, or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 , and L is a direct bond or C 1 To C 10
- An alkylene group, n is an integer of 0 to 10.
- R1 is a halogen group, an amino group or an alkoxy group
- R2 and R3 are each independently a halogen group, a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group
- R4 is an alkyl group of C 1 to C 10 , an aliphatic ring group of 2 rings or less
- 2 is an aromatic ring of the ring below or -L- (CF 2) n CF 3
- L is a direct bond or an alkylene group of C 1 to C 10
- n is an integer of from 0 to 10.
- At least one of R1 to R3 may be a halogen group. Specifically, at least one of R1 to R3 may be a chlorine group.
- At least one of the remaining substituents and R4 of R1 to R3 may be an alkyl group or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 It is a C 1 To C 10 , wherein L is a direct bond or C 1 to C 10 Phosphorus alkylene group, n being an integer of 0 to 10.
- L is a direct bond or C 1 to C 10 Phosphorus alkylene group
- n being an integer of 0 to 10.
- the hydrophobicity of the surface of the silicon layer may be higher to facilitate the blocking of the lithium metal layer from moisture.
- R1 to R3 is a halogen group and, the other of R1 to R3 and R4 substituents may be each independently a C 1 to C 10 alkyl group, or -L- (CF 2) n CF 3 ,
- L is a direct bond or a C 1 to C 10 alkylene group
- n is an integer of 0 to 10.
- the silicon compound having a substituent capable of reacting with the hydroxy group may be represented by at least one of the following Chemical Formulas 2 to 4.
- L is a direct bond or a C 1 to C 10 alkylene group
- n is an integer of 0 to 10.
- L may be an ethylene group.
- L may be an ethylene group.
- n is 5
- L may be an ethylene group.
- examples of the halogen group include fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched chain, carbon number is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 10. Specific examples include methyl, ethyl, propyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 1-ethyl-butyl, pentyl, n-pentyl , Isopentyl, neopentyl, tert-pentyl, hexyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, heptyl, n -Heptyl, 1-methylhexyl, cyclopentylmethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, octyl, n-oc
- the aliphatic ring group is not particularly limited, but preferably has 3 to 60 carbon atoms, specifically, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 3-methylcyclopentyl, 2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl , 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl, 3,4,5-trimethylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl or adamantyl
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the aromatic ring group may include a heterocyclic group and a nonheterocyclic group.
- the heterocyclic group may be a heterocyclic group having 2 to 60 carbon atoms including one or more of O, N, and S as heterologous elements, and may include a monocyclic heterocyclic group or a polycyclic heterocyclic group.
- the heterocyclic group include thiophene group, furan group, pyrrole group, imidazole group, thiazole group, oxazole group, oxadiazole group, triazole group, pyridyl group, bipyridyl group, pyrimidyl group, triazine group, triazole group, Acridyl group, pyridazine group, pyrazinyl group, quinolinyl group, quinazoline group, quinoxalinyl group, phthalazinyl group, pyrido pyrimidinyl group, pyrido pyrazinyl group, pyrazino pyrazinyl group, isoquinoline group , Indole group
- the non-heterocyclic group refers to an aromatic ring group composed of carbon and hydrogen, and may be a monocyclic aryl group or a polycyclic aryl group.
- the non-heterocyclic group is a monocyclic aryl group
- carbon number is not particularly limited, but preferably 6 to 25 carbon atoms.
- the monocyclic aryl group may be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group or a terphenyl group, but is not limited thereto.
- Carbon number is not particularly limited when the non-heterocyclic group is a polycyclic aryl group. It is preferable that it is C10-24.
- the polycyclic aryl group may be a naphthyl group, anthracenyl group, phenanthryl group, pyrenyl group, peryllenyl group, chrysenyl group or fluorenyl group, but is not limited thereto.
- the amine group may include an alkylamine group, an arylamine group, a diarylamine group, a dialkylamine group, and an alkylarylamine group.
- carbon number is not specifically limited, It is preferable that it is 1-30.
- Specific examples of the amine group include methylamine group, dimethylamine group, ethylamine group, diethylamine group, phenylamine group, naphthylamine group, biphenylamine group, anthracenylamine group, and 9-methyl-anthracenylamine group.
- the alkoxy group is -OR and R is an alkyl group.
- R is an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may refer to the above description.
- the silicon compound having a substituent capable of reacting with the hydroxy group may be any one of the following compounds.
- the method of manufacturing a lithium electrode may include forming a buffer layer having a hydroxyl group on a surface of the lithium metal layer; And forming a silicon layer on the buffer layer including a silicon compound covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group.
- a silicon-based compound having a chlorine group which is a substituent capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group, is formed on the lithium metal layer 100 by forming a buffer layer 300 having a hydroxyl group on a surface thereof.
- 3 SiCl may be applied to form the silicon layer 200.
- the silicon compound may be arranged while self-assembling on the surface of the buffer layer, and the buffer layer and the silicon layer may be covalently bonded while hydroxy groups on the surface of the buffer layer react with chlorine groups to generate hydrochloric acid (HCl).
- each R is independently a halogen group, an amino group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, an aliphatic ring group of 2 rings or less, an aromatic ring group of 2 rings or less, or -L- (CF 2 ) n CF 3 , L is a direct bond or an alkylene group of C 1 to C 10 , and n is an integer of 0 to 10.
- the forming of the buffer layer may include forming a buffer layer on the lithium metal layer; And introducing a hydroxyl group to the surface of the buffer layer by subjecting the buffer layer to oxygen plasma treatment or ultraviolet / ozone treatment.
- the hydroxyl layer may be introduced to the surface of the buffer layer by forming the buffer layer 300 on the lithium metal layer 100 and subjecting the surface of the buffer layer to oxygen plasma treatment or ultraviolet / ozone treatment.
- the upper portion 330 of the oxygen plasma-treated or ultraviolet / ozone treated buffer layer is modified to form a layer made of silicon oxide (SiOx, where x is oxidation water), and the upper portion 330 of the buffer layer has a hydroxyl group on the surface thereof.
- the lower portion 310 of the buffer layer 300 that is not oxygen plasma treated or UV / ozone treated is not modified in the buffer layer 300, so that the original material may be maintained.
- the forming of the buffer layer may include forming a buffer layer on a release substrate; And laminating a buffer layer on the lithium metal layer.
- the method of manufacturing a lithium electrode may include forming a buffer layer having a hydroxyl group on a surface of a releasable substrate; Forming a silicon layer on the buffer layer including a silicon compound covalently bonded to the hydroxyl group; And laminating on the lithium metal layer by removing the release substrate.
- the forming of the buffer layer may include forming a buffer layer on a surface of a release substrate; And introducing a hydroxyl group to the surface of the buffer layer by subjecting the buffer layer to oxygen plasma treatment or ultraviolet / ozone treatment.
- the lithium metal layer In the method of manufacturing the lithium electrode, a description regarding the lithium metal layer, the silicon layer, the buffer layer, and the like may be cited above.
- the buffer layer composition for forming the buffer layer may include a precursor and a curing agent of PDMS, wherein the curing agent to the PDMS precursor may be added in a ratio of 10: 1 to 10: 5. As the amount of the curing agent increases, the curing time is shortened, and the temperature for curing after applying the composition for the buffer layer is 50 ° C to 100 ° C, and the higher the curing temperature, the shorter the curing time.
- Lithium foils having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, and 150 ⁇ m, respectively, or thicknesses of 20 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, and 150 ⁇ m, respectively.
- a copper foil was further attached to the lithium foil to prepare a lithium electrode layer.
- the lithium electrode layer was immersed in anhydrous alkane solvent for 1 hour, then taken out and dried in vacuo for 30 minutes.
- the dried lithium electrode layer was immersed in Trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) silane / toluene solution (1 wt.%) For 1 hour, then taken out and washed with anhydrous alkane solvent. At this time, it is generally immersed in a solution of about 2 mL per cm 2 of the area of the lithium electrode layer.
- the resulting product can be used as a lithium electrode coated with Trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) silane.
- the structure of the battery may be variously applied, such as a coin cell, a pouch cell.
- a copper foil was further attached to a lithium foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, and 150 ⁇ m, or a lithium foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, 40 ⁇ m, and 150 ⁇ m, respectively, to prepare a lithium electrode layer.
- Polydimethylsiloxane was used as the buffer layer on the lithium electrode layer.
- PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane
- the composition was coated on the electrode foil by drop-casting or spin-coating to form a PDMS layer to prepare an electrode.
- the electrode was heat treated at 80 ° C. for 2 hours to cure the PDMS layer.
- the cured PDMS was treated with UV ozone or oxygen plasma to form polar hydroxyl groups on the surface of the PDMS (produced SiOx phase).
- the treated electrode foil was then immersed in trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) silane / toluene solution (1 wt.%) For 1 hour, then taken out and washed with anhydrous alkane solvent. At this time, it is usually immersed in a solution of about 2 mL per cm 2 of foil area.
- the resulting product can be used as a lithium electrode coated with Trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) silane.
- the structure of the battery may be variously applied, such as a coin cell, a pouch cell.
- Lithium foil or lithium / copper foil which did not form a silicon layer in Example 1 was used as the comparative example 1.
- Electrolyte Composition 1M LiPF 6 in EC: EMC (1: 1 v / v)
- Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1 were exposed to air for 10 minutes (RH 50%), and water droplets were dropped on Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, and the conditions were observed. 5 is shown.
- Example 2 LiCl having a very hygroscopicity was generated as a by-product, and thus the moisture barrier property was lowered than that of Comparative Example 1. On the other hand, in Example 2, the moisture barrier property was improved compared to Comparative Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (26)
- 표면에 히드록시기를 갖는 리튬금속층; 및상기 리튬금속층 상에 구비되고 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 실리콘층을 포함하며,상기 실리콘층의 실리콘계 화합물은 실리콘층과 접촉하는 하부막의 히드록시기와 공유결합되는 것인 리튬 전극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 리튬금속층과 실리콘층 사이에 구비되고 표면에 히드록시기를 갖는 버퍼층을 더 포함하고,상기 실리콘층은 상기 버퍼층의 히드록시기와 공유결합된 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 실리콘층의 수분접촉각은 100°이상 160°이하인 것인 리튬 전극.
- 청구항 1에 있어서, 상기 실리콘층의 두께는 1nm 이상 1㎛이하인 것인 리튬 전극.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 버퍼층은 실록산계 화합물을 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 버퍼층은 폴리디메틸실록산을 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극.
- 청구항 2에 있어서, 상기 버퍼층의 두께는 10nm 이상 10㎛ 이하인 것인 리튬 전극.
- 청구항 1 내지 9 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 전극을 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전극은 리튬 이차 전지의 리튬 전극인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 10에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전극은 리튬 이차 전지의 리튬 전극이며,상기 리튬 이차 전지는 캐소드, 및 상기 리튬 전극과 캐소드 사이에 구비된 전해질을 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 전해질은 상기 리튬 전극 및 캐소드가 함침된 전해질액인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 리튬 이차 전지는 상기 리튬 전극과 캐소드 사이에 구비된 분리막을 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 12에 있어서, 상기 전해질은 고체 전해질막 또는 고분자 전해질막인 것인 리튬 이차 전지.
- 청구항 10의 리튬 이차 전지를 단위 전지로 포함하는 전지 모듈.
- 표면에 히드록시기를 갖는 리튬금속층 상에 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 실리콘층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하며,상기 실리콘층의 실리콘계 화합물은 실리콘층과 접촉하는 하부막의 히드록시기와 공유결합되는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
- 청구항 17에 있어서, 상기 실리콘층을 형성하는 단계는 히드록시기와 반응할 수 있는 치환기를 갖는 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 용액을 준비하는 단계; 및 상기 용액을 리튬금속층의 표면 중 적어도 일부에 코팅하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
- 청구항 17에 있어서, 상기 실리콘층을 형성하는 단계는 히드록시기와 반응할 수 있는 치환기를 갖는 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 용액을 준비하는 단계; 및 상기 용액에 상기 리튬금속층을 침지하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
- 청구항 17에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전극의 제조방법은 상기 리튬금속층의 표면에 히드록시기를 갖는 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 버퍼층 상에 상기 버퍼층의 히드록시기와 공유결합된 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 실리콘층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
- 청구항 22에 있어서, 상기 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계는 상기 리튬금속층 상에 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 버퍼층을 산소 플라스마 처리 또는 자외선/오존 처리하여 버퍼층의 표면에 히드록시기를 도입하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
- 청구항 22에 있어서, 상기 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계는 이형성 기재에 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 리튬금속층 상에 버퍼층을 라미네이트하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
- 청구항 17에 있어서, 상기 리튬 전극의 제조방법은 이형성 기재의 표면에 히드록시기를 갖는 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계; 상기 버퍼층 상에 상기 히드록시기와 공유결합된 실리콘계 화합물을 포함하는 실리콘층을 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 이형성 기재를 제거하여 리튬금속층 상에 라미네이트하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
- 청구항 25에 있어서, 상기 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계는 상기 이형성 기재의 표면에 버퍼층을 형성하는 단계; 및 상기 버퍼층을 산소 플라스마 처리 또는 자외선/오존 처리하여 버퍼층의 표면에 히드록시기를 도입하는 단계를 포함하는 것인 리튬 전극의 제조방법.
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US15/328,657 US10388962B2 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-09-02 | Lithium electrode, lithium secondary battery comprising same, battery module comprising lithium secondary battery, and preparation method of lithium electrode |
EP15838622.7A EP3190648B1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-09-02 | Lithium electrode, lithium secondary battery comprising same, battery module comprising lithium secondary battery, and preparation method of lithium electrode |
JP2017502865A JP6568199B2 (ja) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-09-02 | リチウム電極、これを含むリチウム二次電池、前記リチウム二次電池を含む電池モジュールおよびリチウム電極の製造方法 |
CN201580042809.3A CN106663782B (zh) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-09-02 | 锂电极、包含其的锂二次电池、包含锂二次电池的电池模块和锂电极的制备方法 |
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CN109309203A (zh) | 2017-07-26 | 2019-02-05 | 中能中科(天津)新能源科技有限公司 | 纳米碳颗粒-多孔骨架复合材料、其金属锂复合物、它们的制备方法及应用 |
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KR102328258B1 (ko) * | 2017-10-17 | 2021-11-18 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 금속 전지용 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 금속 전지 |
CN111200161B (zh) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-05-25 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | 一种锂空气电池用或锂锂对称电池用电解液 |
US11075371B2 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-07-27 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Negative electrode for secondary lithium metal battery and method of making |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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US10388962B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
CN106663782A (zh) | 2017-05-10 |
US20170214053A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
EP3190648B1 (en) | 2018-11-28 |
CN106663782B (zh) | 2019-08-27 |
JP6568199B2 (ja) | 2019-08-28 |
EP3190648A1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
KR101778849B1 (ko) | 2017-09-14 |
JP2017531279A (ja) | 2017-10-19 |
EP3190648A4 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
KR20160029687A (ko) | 2016-03-15 |
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