WO2016026202A1 - 自调整式托头 - Google Patents

自调整式托头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016026202A1
WO2016026202A1 PCT/CN2014/088891 CN2014088891W WO2016026202A1 WO 2016026202 A1 WO2016026202 A1 WO 2016026202A1 CN 2014088891 W CN2014088891 W CN 2014088891W WO 2016026202 A1 WO2016026202 A1 WO 2016026202A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating
bearing block
block
spring
floating bearing
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2014/088891
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王明海
丁辉
王勇
赵小磊
Original Assignee
青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
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Filing date
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Application filed by 青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 filed Critical 青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司
Priority to JP2016542904A priority Critical patent/JP6093489B1/ja
Priority to EP14899979.0A priority patent/EP3090917B1/en
Priority to RU2016128219A priority patent/RU2615642C1/ru
Publication of WO2016026202A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016026202A1/zh
Priority to US15/177,306 priority patent/US9540221B2/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
    • B66F7/28—Constructional details, e.g. end stops, pivoting supporting members, sliding runners adjustable to load dimensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K13/00—Other auxiliaries or accessories for railways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K5/00—Apparatus for placing vehicles on the track; Derailers; Lifting or lowering rail vehicle axles or wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F17/00—Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F2700/00—Lifting apparatus
    • B66F2700/12—Lifting platforms for vehicles or motorcycles or similar lifting apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an undisassembled and arranged vehicle maintenance operation device for an EMU and an urban rail vehicle, and in particular to a self-adjusting support for a car body lifting unit of a pit body type vehicle for a train body head.
  • the bogie lifting unit When the pit-type carriage is used for the maintenance of the non-disassembled train of the EMU and the urban rail vehicle, the bogie lifting unit must first be used to lift the vehicle to a certain height and then use the pit type.
  • the four brackets of the carriage support the four carriage points of the rail vehicle, and then replace the vehicle bogie and the maintenance and replacement of the electrical facilities and roof electrical facilities in the lower part of the vehicle body.
  • the head of the pit type carriage machine includes two structures, one is a head with a weighing function, and the other is a basic type head.
  • the structure of the basic type of head is relatively simple, and it is inconvenient to adjust a plurality of heads at the same time.
  • most of the heads used in the head are conventional type heads with weighing function. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Chinese Patent No.
  • the utility model relates to a detecting type carriage head with a weighing function, which comprises a head body and a detecting carrying device arranged on the head body, and adjusts the upper and lower positions of the jack to adjust the between the bearing plate and the baffle
  • the spacing can be easily adjusted and the function of displaying the weight of the entire vehicle can be displayed, when adjusting the plurality of heads, it is necessary to repeatedly adjust one by one, and the adjustment precision is poor and the working intensity is large.
  • the four steel plates welded on the side beams of the vehicle inevitably have dimensional errors, and there is a certain height difference between the four steel plates, so that they cannot be completely on the same plane.
  • bracket with weighing function and the basic type of head are inconvenient for simultaneous adjustment of a plurality of heads.
  • the current supporting surface and the lifting column are integrally fixed in one body.
  • the upper surface of the supporting head cannot be completely in contact with the four steel plates on the side beam, forming a line contact or a point contact state. It is easy to form damage to the vehicle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a self-adjusting head, which realizes the upper surface of the floating bearing block swinging in any direction with the state of the plurality of steel plates by the spherical matching structure between the floating bearing block and the floating bearing block mounting seat.
  • Floating carrier block The upper surface is in full contact with the steel plate.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a self-adjusting head, comprising a car body lifting column and a detecting carrying device disposed on the car body lifting column, the detecting carrying device comprising a spring plate, a spring, a limit switch a thimble, a load limit switch and a floating load adjusting device, wherein the floating load adjusting device is mounted on an upper portion of the vehicle body lifting column, the spring plate is disposed under the floating load adjusting device, and the spring is installed
  • the upper end of the limit switch thimble is connected to the spring plate, and the lower end side is provided with a load limit switch
  • the floating load adjusting device comprises a floating load block, a floating load block mount and a floating connector, the floating carrier block is mounted on an upper end of the vehicle body lifting column, and the floating carrier block mounting seat is disposed under the floating carrier block, the floating carrier block and the floating carrier block mounting seat
  • a floating joint is connected between the float bearing block and the floating load block mounting seat, and the floating bearing block and the floating
  • the upper part of the floating bearing block mounting seat is provided with a cylindrical through hole, and the cylindrical through hole has a two-step stepped structure with a decreasing radius from top to bottom, including a first step and a second step, and the first step is used The second step is used to limit the downward movement of the spring.
  • the floating load-bearing adjustment device is further provided with a limiting block, the limiting block is fixed on the floating bearing block, the bottom of the limiting block is penetrated into the inside of the cylindrical through-hole, and the limiting block is A limiting block movable gap is disposed between the bottom portion and the cylindrical through hole for limiting the floating bearing block to swing only in the movable gap of the limiting block, and cannot swing at a large angle.
  • the spring plate is a T-shaped structure including a spherical end and a cylindrical plate, an upper portion of the spherical end is in point contact with a lower portion of the limiting block, and a lower end of the plate and the limit switch A thimble is coupled, and the spring is disposed at a periphery of the cylindrical plate.
  • the limiting block is an inverted T-shaped structure, and a top end of the inverted T-shaped structure is fixedly connected to the floating bearing block, and a bottom end of the inverted T-shaped structure is in contact with an upper point of the spherical end.
  • the floating connector includes a disc spring and a disc spring guide post, the disc spring guide post is fixed inside the floating carrier block mount, and the disc spring guide post is an inverted T-shaped structure, and the floating bearing block is provided with An inverted T-shaped groove cooperating with the inverted T-shaped structure, the disc spring is disposed between the inverted T-shaped structure and the inverted T-shaped groove, and when the disc spring is not carried, the elastic force acts on the disc spring
  • a carrier block floating gap is formed between the lower surface of the floating carrier block and the upper surface of the floating carrier block mount, and the size of the carrier block floating gap between the two is defined by the limiting block.
  • the disc spring guide post and the disc spring have two groups, and two sets of disc spring guide posts and the disc spring are evenly distributed on the left and right sides of the spring pallet to ensure that the floating bearing block is in contact with the steel plate.
  • the floating carrier block is evenly stressed.
  • the end of the load limit switch is a roller type, and the load limit switch is mounted on the side of the limit switch thimble, and In the working state, the load limit switch and the limit switch ejector are in a separated state.
  • the bottom of the limiting block penetrates into the inside of the cylindrical through hole, and a limiting block movable gap is provided between the bottom of the limiting block and the cylindrical through hole for limiting the floating bearing block only to the limit position.
  • the block is swung in the active gap and cannot be swung at a large angle. It is ensured that only a small angle adjustment is made between the floating carrier block and the floating carrier block mount to ensure that the adjustment between the two is moderate;
  • the supporting head is provided with a floating load adjusting device, which comprises a floating bearing block, a floating bearing block mounting seat and a floating connecting member, wherein the floating bearing block and the floating bearing block mounting seat are spherically matched, and the floating bearing block can be contacted according to specific contacts.
  • the state of the steel plate is oscillated in any direction above the floating bearing block mount.
  • the floating bearing block can automatically be aligned according to the multiple steel plates through the spherical matching structure. The complete contact between the upper surface of the floating bearing block and the plurality of steel plates is realized, and the force of the side beams of the vehicle is ensured to be uniform, and the vehicle is not damaged.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of a conventional type of support head (1)
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a conventional type of support head (2)
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of a tray of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a limiting block of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the disc spring and the disc spring guide post of the present invention.
  • 1 floating bearing block 1 floating bearing block; 2 floating bearing block mounting seat; 3 disc spring; 4 disc spring guiding column; 5 spring pallet; 6 spring; 7 limit block; 8 limit switch thimble; 9 load limit switch; Car body lifting column
  • the utility model relates to a self-adjusting supporting head, which comprises a vehicle body lifting column 10 and a detecting carrying device arranged on the vehicle body lifting column 10.
  • the detecting carrying device comprises a spring supporting plate 5, a spring 6, a limit switch ejector pin 8, and a load limit.
  • the position switch 9 and the floating load adjusting device are mounted on the upper part of the vehicle body lifting column 10, the spring plate 5 is disposed under the floating load adjusting device, and the spring 6 is mounted on the periphery of the spring plate 5, and the limit is
  • the upper end of the switch ejector pin 8 is connected to the spring plate 5, and the lower end side is provided with a load limit switch 9.
  • the floating load bearing adjustment device includes a floating load bearing block 1 , a floating load block mounting seat 2 and a floating connecting member.
  • the floating bearing block 1 is mounted on the upper end of the vehicle body lifting column 10 , and the floating bearing block mounting seat 2 is disposed below the floating bearing block 1 .
  • the floating bearing block and the floating carrier block mounting seat are connected by a floating joint, and the floating bearing block 1 and the floating bearing block mounting seat 2 are spherically matched, and the floating bearing block and the floating bearing block mounting seat are connected by a floating connection.
  • the member forms a floating gap of the carrier block, and the floating carrier block 1 can swing in any direction above the floating carrier block mount 2 according to the state of the specifically contacted steel plate, and the bearing block floating gap between the two is defined by the limiting block 7 the size of.
  • the upper part of the floating bearing block mounting seat 2 is provided with a through hole having a two-step stepped structure with a decreasing radius from top to bottom, including a first step and a second step, and the first step is for limiting the spring plate 5
  • the spherical end moves downward, the second step is used to restrict the downward movement of the spring 6
  • the limiting block 7 is fixed on the floating bearing block 1, and the bottom of the limiting block 7 penetrates into the inside of the cylindrical through hole, and the limiting block
  • the spring plate 5 has a T-shaped structure, including a spherical end and a cylindrical plate.
  • the upper end of the ball end is in point contact with the lower portion of the limiting block 7, the lower end of the plate is connected with the limit switch ejector pin 8, and the spring 6 is disposed at The periphery of the cylindrical plate receives the pressure from the limiting block 7 through the spherical end of the spring plate 5 under the action of the load, and sequentially presses the spring 6 and the limit switch ejector pin 8 downward until the limit switch
  • the thimble 8 triggers the load limit switch 9;
  • the disc spring guide post 4 is fixed inside the floating carrier block mount 2, and the disc spring guide post 4 is an inverted T-shaped structure, and the floating carrier block 1 is provided with an inverted T-shaped groove matched with the inverted T-shaped structure, and the disc
  • the spring 3 is disposed between the inverted T-shaped structure and the inverted T-shaped groove.
  • the carrier block 1 is evenly stressed.
  • a floating gap of the bearing block is formed between the lower surface of the floating carrier block 1 and the upper surface of the floating carrier block mount 2 by the elastic force of the disc spring 3;
  • the load limit switch 9 is mounted on the side of the limit switch ejector pin 8, and in the non-operating state, the load limit switch 9 is mounted on the limit switch ejector pin 8 in a separated state, and the end of the load limit switch 9 is a roller type.
  • the roller structure can improve the sensitivity of the contact switch thimble 8 and the load limit switch 9.
  • the disc spring 3 When not carrying, the disc spring 3 is in a state of free expansion and contraction, and a floating gap between the floating bearing block 1 and the floating bearing block mounting seat 2 is formed by the elastic force of the disc spring 3, and the bearing block between the two is defined by the limiting block 7.
  • the vehicle body lifting column 10 is raised to contact with four steel plates of the side beam of the vehicle, and the floating load-bearing block 1 installed at the upper end of the vehicle body lifting column 10 is pressed downward by the floating bearing block 1 and the floating bearing block.
  • the mounting seat 2 is spherically matched.
  • the floating bearing block 1 can swing in any direction above the floating bearing block mounting seat 2 according to the state of the specific contact steel plate, and complete the automatic alignment operation, and the upper surface of the floating bearing block is more The steel plates are completely in contact with each other.
  • the floating carrier block 1 will sequentially drive the lower limit block 7, the spring plate 5 and the limit switch ejector pin 8 downward, until the limit switch ejector pin 8 triggers the load limit switch 9, and the lifting system automatically stops, preventing the lifting system from automatically stopping. Excessive rise in the body lift column 10 causes damage to the vehicle.
  • the structure and composition of the self-adjusting head of the embodiment 2 are basically the same as those of the self-adjusting head of the first embodiment.
  • the distinguishing feature is that the limiting block 7 is an inverted T-shaped structure and is inverted.
  • the top end of the T-shaped structure is fixedly connected with the floating bearing block 1, and the bottom end of the inverted T-shaped structure is a planar structure, and the planar structure of the bottom end of the inverted T-shaped structure forms a point contact with the spherical structure of the upper part of the spherical end, so that the inverted T-shaped structure
  • the bearing capacity of the limiting block 7 is concentrated, and the spring plate 6 and the limit switch ejector pin 8 are moved downward.
  • the disc spring guide post and the disc spring are not limited to two groups.
  • the load can be set according to the specific load size. Multiple sets of disc spring guide posts and disc springs.
  • the floating connector is not limited to the disc spring guide post and the disc spring combination, and any elastic member that is connected to the floating carrier block and the floating carrier block mount can be used.
  • the head can be applied not only to the carriage of four steel plates welded on the side beams of the vehicle, but also to the welding of multiple steel plates on the side beams of the vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)

Abstract

一种自调整式托头，包括车体举升柱（10）以及设置于车体举升柱上的检测承载装置，检测承载装置包括弹簧托板（5）、弹簧（6）、限位开关顶针（8）、载荷限位开关（9）和浮动承载调节装置。浮动承载调节装置，包括浮动承载块（1）、浮动承载块安装座（2）和浮动连接件，浮动承载块与浮动承载块安装座之间为球面配合，浮动承载块可根据具体接触的钢板状态，在浮动承载块安装座的上方实现任意方向上摆动，当车辆边梁上焊接的多块钢板高度不一致时，浮动承载块通过球面配合结构，可自动根据多块钢板自动找正，实现同时浮动承载块上表面与多块钢板之间完全接触，确保车辆边梁受力均匀，不会对车辆形成损伤。

Description

自调整式托头 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于动车组、城市轨道车辆的不解体整列架车检修作业设备，具体的说，涉及一种列车车体用地坑式架车机的车体举升单元的自调整式托头。
背景技术
地坑式架车机在用于动车组、城市轨道车辆的不解体整列架车检修作业时，需先用转向架举升单元托着轮对将车辆举升到一定高度，然后利用地坑式架车机的四个托头对轨道车辆四个架车点进行支撑，进而进行车辆转向架的更换以及车体下部电气设施、车顶电气设施的检修及更换工作。
随着动车组在我国的大面积投入使用，城市交通轨道开通运营的城市越来越多，为确保上述车辆运行的安全性和可靠性，需要对运行车辆转向架的轮对和车底进行定期检修和维护，地坑式架车机在车辆检修和维护的过程中发挥至关重要的作用。目前，地坑式架车机的托头包括两种结构，一种是带称重功能的托头，另一种是基本型托头。基本型托头的结构较为简单，且多个托头同时调整很不方便，目前在用的托头大多为带称重功能的传统式托头参见图1和图2，中国专利号CN102060027A公开一种带称重功能的探测式架车机托头，该托头包括托头本体和设置于托头本体上的检测承载装置，通过调整顶杆的上下位置调整承压板和挡板的之间的间距，虽然可实现调整方便，且可显示整列车辆重量的功能，但多个托头调整时，需逐一反复进行调整，调整精度差且工作强度大。而在架车检修作业时，车辆边梁上焊接的四块钢板不可避免的存在尺寸误差，四块钢板之间存在一定的高度差，致使不能完全位于同一平面上。上述的带称重功能的托头和基本型托头，对于多个托头同时调整很不方便。且当前托头承载面和举升柱为固定于一体的整体结构，在进行架车时，托头的承载上表面不能全部和边梁上的四块钢板，形成线接触或点接触的状态，容易对车辆形成损伤。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种自调整式托头，通过浮动承载块与浮动承载块安装座之间的球面配合结构，实现浮动承载块上表面随多块钢板的状态在任意方向上摆动，达到浮动承载块 上表面与钢板之间完全接触。
本发明的技术方案是：一种自调整式托头，包括车体举升柱以及设置于车体举升柱上的检测承载装置，所述检测承载装置包括弹簧托板、弹簧、限位开关顶针、载荷限位开关和浮动承载调节装置，所述浮动承载调节装置安装于所述车体举升柱的上部，所述弹簧托板设置于所述浮动承载调节装置的下方，所述弹簧安装于所述弹簧托板的外围，所述限位开关顶针上端与所述弹簧托板相连，下端一侧安装载荷限位开关，所述浮动承载调节装置包括浮动承载块、浮动承载块安装座和浮动连接件，所述浮动承载块安装于所述车体举升柱的上端，所述浮动承载块安装座设置于所述的浮动承载块的下方，所述浮动承载块和浮动承载块安装座之间通过浮动连接件连接，且所述浮动承载块与所述浮动承载块安装座之间为球面配合，所述浮动承载块与所述浮动承载块安装座之间通过浮动连接件形成承载块浮动间隙，所述浮动承载块可根据具体接触的钢板状态，在所述浮动承载块安装座的上方实现任意方向上摆动。
所述浮动承载块安装座上部设置有圆柱形通孔，所述圆柱形通孔的从上至下呈半径递减的两级阶梯状结构，包括第一阶梯和第二阶梯，且第一阶梯用于限制所述弹簧托板向下运动，第二阶梯用于限制所述弹簧向下运动。
所述浮动承载调节装置还设有限位块，所述限位块固定于所述浮动承载块上，所述限位块的底部探入所述圆柱形通孔内部，且所述限位块的底部与所述圆柱形通孔之间设有限位块活动间隙，用于限制所述浮动承载块只能在限位块活动间隙内摆动，不能大角度摆动。
所述弹簧托板为T型结构，包括球形端头和圆柱形的托板，所述球形端头的上部与所述限位块下部点接触，所述托板的下端与所述限位开关顶针连接，所述弹簧设置于所述圆柱形托板的外围。
所述限位块为倒T型结构，且倒T型结构的顶端与所述浮动承载块固定连接，倒T型结构的底端与所述球形端头的上部点接触。
所述浮动连接件包括碟簧和碟簧导向柱，所述碟簧导向柱固定于所述浮动承载块安装座内部，且碟簧导向柱为倒T型结构，所述浮动承载块上设置有与该倒T型结构相配合的倒T型凹槽，所述碟簧设置于所述倒T型结构和倒T型凹槽之间，碟簧不承载时，通过碟簧弹力作用在所述浮动承载块的下表面与所述浮动承载块安装座的上表面之间形成承载块浮动间隙，并通过所述限位块限定两者之间的承载块浮动间隙的大小。
所述碟簧导向柱和所述碟簧共有两组，且两组碟簧导向柱和所述碟簧均布于所述弹簧托板的左右两侧，用以确保浮动承载块与钢板接触时，浮动承载块受力均匀。
所述载荷限位开关的端部为滚轮式，载荷限位开关安装于限位开关顶针的侧面，且在非 工作状态下，所述的载荷限位开关与限位开关顶针处于分离状态。
本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果为：
(1)限位块的底部探入所述圆柱形通孔内部，限位块的底部与圆柱形通孔之间设有限位块活动间隙，用于限制所述浮动承载块只能在限位块活动间隙内摆动，不能大角度摆动，确保浮动承载块与浮动承载块安装座之间只进行小角度调整，保证两者之间调整力度适中；
(2)浮动承载块通过碟簧和碟簧导向柱安装在浮动承载块安装座上，碟簧不承载时，在碟簧弹力作用下，浮动承载块的下表面与浮动承载块安装座的上表面之间形成承载块浮动间隙，致使浮动承载块与浮动承载块安装座连接但不接触，便于浮动承载块在浮动承载块安装座上任意摆动；
(3)该托头设有浮动承载调节装置，包括浮动承载块、浮动承载块安装座和浮动连接件，浮动承载块与浮动承载块安装座之间为球面配合，浮动承载块可根据具体接触的钢板状态，在浮动承载块安装座的上方实现任意方向上摆动，当车辆边梁上焊接的多块钢板高度不一致时，浮动承载块通过球面配合结构，可自动根据多块钢板自动找正，实现同时浮动承载块上表面与多块钢板之间完全接触，确保车辆边梁受力均匀，不会对车辆形成损伤。
附图说明
图1为传统式托头的结构示意图(一)；
图2为传统式托头的结构示意图(二)；
图3为本发明的托头的结构示意图；
图4为本发明的限位块的结构示意图；
图5为本发明碟簧和碟簧导向柱的结构示意图。
其中，1浮动承载块；2浮动承载块安装座；3碟簧；4碟簧导向柱；5弹簧托板；6弹簧；7限位块；8限位开关顶针；9载荷限位开关；10车体举升柱
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分的实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有作 出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种自调整式托头，包括车体举升柱10以及设置于车体举升柱10上的检测承载装置，检测承载装置包括弹簧托板5、弹簧6、限位开关顶针8、载荷限位开关9和浮动承载调节装置，浮动承载调节装置安装于车体举升柱10的上部，弹簧托板5设置于浮动承载调节装置的下方，弹簧6安装于弹簧托板5的外围，限位开关顶针8上端与弹簧托板5相连，下端一侧安装载荷限位开关9。
浮动承载调节装置包括浮动承载块1、浮动承载块安装座2和浮动连接件，浮动承载块1安装于车体举升柱10的上端，浮动承载块安装座2设置于浮动承载块1的下方，浮动承载块和浮动承载块安装座之间通过浮动连接件连接，且浮动承载块1与浮动承载块安装座2之间为球面配合，浮动承载块与浮动承载块安装座之间通过浮动连接件形成承载块浮动间隙，浮动承载块1可根据具体接触的钢板状态，在浮动承载块安装座2的上方实现任意方向上摆动，并通过限位块7限定两者之间的承载块浮动间隙的大小。
浮动承载块安装座2上部设置有通孔，该通孔的从上至下呈半径递减的两级阶梯状结构，包括第一阶梯和第二阶梯，且第一阶梯用于限制弹簧托板5的球形端头向下运动，第二阶梯用于限制弹簧6向下运动；限位块7固定于浮动承载块1上，限位块7的底部探入圆柱形通孔内部，且限位块7的底部与圆柱形通孔之间设有限位块活动间隙，用于限制浮动承载块1只能在限位块活动间隙内摆动，不能大角度摆动；
弹簧托板5为T型结构，包括球形端头和圆柱形的托板，球形端头的上部与限位块7下部点接触，托板的下端与限位开关顶针8连接，弹簧6设置于圆柱形托板的外围，在载荷作用下，通过弹簧托板5的球形端头接收来自限位块7的压力，并依次下压弹簧6和限位开关顶针8向下运动，直至限位开关顶针8触发载荷限位开关9；
碟簧导向柱4固定于浮动承载块安装座2内部，且碟簧导向柱4为倒T型结构，浮动承载块1上设置有与该倒T型结构相配合的倒T型凹槽，碟簧3设置于倒T型结构和倒T型凹槽之间。碟簧导向柱4和碟簧3共有两组，且两组碟簧导向柱4和碟簧3均布于弹簧托板5的左右两侧，用以确保浮动承载块1与钢板接触时，浮动承载块1受力均匀。碟簧3不承载时，通过碟簧3弹力作用在浮动承载块1的下表面与浮动承载块安装座2的上表面之间形成承载块浮动间隙；
载荷限位开关9安装于限位开关顶针8的侧面，且在非工作状态下，载荷限位开关9安装于限位开关顶针8处于分离状态，载荷限位开关9的端部为滚轮式，在限位开关顶针8受 力下压时，滚轮式结构可提高限位开关顶针8与载荷限位开关9接触的灵敏性。
下面以车辆边梁上焊接的四块钢板为例，说明本发明托头的工作过程：
不承载时，碟簧3处于自由伸缩状态，浮动承载块1与浮动承载块安装座2之间由于碟簧3弹力作用形成承载块浮动间隙，通过限位块7限定两者之间的承载块浮动间隙的大小；此时限位开关顶针8与载荷限位开关9处于分离状态。
承载工作时，车体举升柱10上升至与车辆边梁4块钢板接触，安装于车体举升柱10的上端的浮动承载块1受力下压，因浮动承载块1与浮动承载块安装座2之间为球面配合，浮动承载块1可根据具体接触的钢板状态，在浮动承载块安装座2的上方实现任意方向上摆动，完成自动找正作业，且浮动承载块上表面与多块钢板之间完全接触重合。浮动承载块1向下行将依次带动下方的限位块7、弹簧托板5和限位开关顶针8向下运动，直至限位开关顶针8触发载荷限位开关9，举升系统自动停机，防止车体举升柱10过度升高对车辆造成损坏。
实施例2，实施例2的自调整式托头的结构与组成与实施例1的自调整式托头的结构与组成基本相同，区别特征在于：限位块7为倒T型结构，且倒T型结构的顶端与浮动承载块1固定连接，倒T型结构的底端为平面结构，倒T型结构的底端的平面结构与球形端头上部的球面结构形成点接触，使倒T型结构接受限位块7的承载力集中，便于弹簧托板5下压弹簧6和限位开关顶针8向下运动。
本领域技术人员可理解附图只为一个优选的实施例的示意图，附图中的结构与组成并不一定是实施本发明所必须的。
本领域技术人员可理解碟簧导向柱和碟簧不仅局限有两组，为提高浮动承载块1的与浮动承载块安装座2之间形成承载块浮动间隙的可靠性，可根据具体荷载大小设置多组碟簧导向柱和碟簧。
本领域技术人员可理解浮动连接件并不局限于碟簧导向柱和碟簧组合，任意连接浮动承载块的与浮动承载块安装座的弹性部件均可使用。
本领域技术人员可理解该托头不仅可以适用车辆边梁上焊接的四块钢板的架车作业，对于车辆边梁上焊接多块钢板也同样适用。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其进行限制，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种自调整式托头，包括车体举升柱(10)以及设置于车体举升柱(10)上的检测承载装置，所述检测承载装置包括弹簧托板(5)、弹簧(6)、限位开关顶针(8)、载荷限位开关(9)和浮动承载调节装置，所述浮动承载调节装置安装于所述车体举升柱(10)的上部，所述弹簧托板(5)设置于所述浮动承载调节装置的下方，所述弹簧(6)安装于所述弹簧托板(5)的外围，所述限位开关顶针(8)上端与所述弹簧托板(5)相连，下端一侧安装载荷限位开关(9)，其特征在于：所述浮动承载调节装置包括浮动承载块(1)、浮动承载块安装座(2)和浮动连接件，所述浮动承载块(1)安装于所述车体举升柱(10)的上端，所述浮动承载块安装座(2)设置于所述的浮动承载块(1)的下方，所述浮动承载块(1)和浮动承载块安装座(2)之间通过浮动连接件连接，且所述浮动承载块(1)与所述浮动承载块安装座(2)之间为球面配合，所述浮动承载块(1)与所述浮动承载块安装座(2)之间通过浮动连接件形成承载快浮动间隙。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自调整式托头，其特征在于：所述浮动承载块安装座(2)上部设置有圆柱形通孔，所述圆柱形通孔的从上至下呈半径递减的两级阶梯状结构，包括第一阶梯和第二阶梯，且第一阶梯用于限制所述弹簧托板(5)向下运动，第二阶梯用于限制所述弹簧(6)向下运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的自调整式托头，其特征在于：所述浮动承载调节装置还设有限位块(7)，所述限位块(7)固定于所述浮动承载块(1)上，所述限位块(7)的底部探入所述圆柱形通孔内部，且所述限位块(7)的底部与所述圆柱形通孔之间设有限位块活动间隙。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的自调整式托头，其特征在于：所述弹簧托板(5)为T型结构，包括球形端头和圆柱形的托板，所述球形端头的上部与所述限位块(7)下部点接触，所述托板的下端与所述限位开关顶针(8)连接，所述弹簧(6)设置于所述圆柱形托板的外围。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的自调整式托头，其特征在于：所述限位块(7)为倒T型结构，且倒T型结构的顶端与所述浮动承载块(1)固定连接，倒T型结构的底端与所述球形端头的上部点接触。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的自调整式托头，其特征在于：所述浮动连接件包括碟簧(3)和碟簧导向柱(4)，所述碟簧导向柱(4)固定于所述浮动承载块安装座(2)内部，且碟簧导向柱(4)为倒T型结构，所述浮动承载块(1)上设置有与该倒T型结构相配合的倒T型凹槽，所述碟簧(3)设置于所述倒T型结构和倒T型凹槽之间，碟簧(3)不承载时，在所述浮动承载块(1)的下表面与所述浮动承载块安装座(2)的上表面之间形成承载块浮动间隙。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的自调整式托头，其特征在于：所述碟簧导向柱(4)和所述碟簧(3)共有两组，且两组碟簧导向柱(4)和所述碟簧(3)均布于所述弹簧托板(5)的左右两侧。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的自调整式托头，其特征在于：所述载荷限位开关(9)的端部为滚轮式。
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