WO2016006462A1 - 電池制御装置 - Google Patents
電池制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016006462A1 WO2016006462A1 PCT/JP2015/068325 JP2015068325W WO2016006462A1 WO 2016006462 A1 WO2016006462 A1 WO 2016006462A1 JP 2015068325 W JP2015068325 W JP 2015068325W WO 2016006462 A1 WO2016006462 A1 WO 2016006462A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- circuit voltage
- battery
- value
- open circuit
- secondary battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery control device that controls charging and discharging of a secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 integrates evaluation values indicating the degree of deterioration of the battery due to battery discharge continuation, and when this integrated value exceeds a predetermined allowable value, A battery control method for limiting discharge is disclosed.
- the battery control method disclosed in Patent Document 1 determines whether or not there is a power limitation by estimating a change in ion concentration bias in the electrolyte of the secondary battery based on the history of charge / discharge current. In order to estimate the deviation in ion concentration, it is necessary to use parameters such as current and battery temperature.
- the temperature of the battery is generally obtained by attaching a thermocouple or thermistor to the surface of the battery, and it is very difficult to accurately measure the temperature in the vicinity of the electrolytic solution and the electrode directly related to the ion bias.
- the surface temperature of the battery is equal to the temperature inside the battery, so the difference in measurement location is not a big problem, but the temperature changes due to heat generation of the battery due to charge and discharge, refrigerant and cooling air.
- a temperature difference occurs between the inside and outside of the battery, and it is difficult to accurately estimate the temperature inside the battery.
- the charge / discharge of the battery is excessively limited due to the difference between the measured value of the battery temperature and the actual temperature inside the battery, or the resistance rises without being properly limited, and the expected life cannot be satisfied. There is sex.
- a battery control device includes a voltage detection unit that detects a closed circuit voltage of a secondary battery, an open circuit voltage calculation unit that calculates an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery, and a secondary in a continuous predetermined period.
- An assembled battery control unit that determines whether a calculated value calculated based on a voltage difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage of the battery exceeds a predetermined allowable value. When the predetermined allowable value is exceeded, a signal for limiting charging / discharging of the secondary battery is output.
- the present invention even when the temperature changes greatly during use of the secondary battery, it is possible to reliably prevent deterioration of the performance of the secondary battery.
- the assembled batteries are configured by connecting the cells in series.
- the assembled batteries may be configured by connecting the cells connected in series or connected in series.
- a battery pack may be configured by connecting single cells in parallel.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a battery system 100 and its peripheral circuit configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Battery system 100 is connected to vehicle control unit 200, and vehicle control unit 200 controls relays 300 and 310 to connect battery system 100 to inverter 400. Further, the vehicle control unit 200 controls the relays 320 and 330 to connect the battery system 100 to the charger 420.
- the battery system 100 includes an assembled battery 110 and a battery control device 120.
- the assembled battery 110 which is a secondary battery, is configured by electrically connecting a plurality of unit cells 111 capable of storing and releasing electrical energy (charging and discharging DC power) in series.
- the unit cells 111 constituting the assembled battery 110 are grouped into a predetermined number of units when managing and controlling charge / discharge states.
- the grouped unit cells 111 are electrically connected in series to form unit cell groups 112a and 112b.
- the number of unit cells 111 constituting the unit cell groups 112a and 112b may be the same in all the unit cell groups 112a and 112b, or the number of unit cells 111 may be different for each unit cell group 112a and 112b.
- unit cells 111 are electrically connected in series to form unit cell groups 112a and 112b, and unit cell groups 112a and 112b are further electrically connected in series.
- An assembled battery 110 including a total of eight unit cells 111 was connected.
- the battery control device 120 includes cell control units 121a and 121b, a current detection unit 130, a voltage detection unit 140, an assembled battery control unit 150, a storage unit 180, and an open circuit voltage calculation unit 190.
- the unit cell control units 121a and 121b are connected to the unit cell groups 112a and 112b, respectively, and detect the battery voltage (both-end voltage) and temperature of each unit cell 111 constituting these unit cell groups, and detect them. A signal indicating the result is transmitted to the assembled battery control unit 150 via the signal communication path 160 and the insulating element 170.
- the insulating element 170 for example, a photocoupler is used.
- the current detector 130 detects the current flowing through the assembled battery 110 and measures the current value.
- the voltage detection unit 140 detects the voltage across the assembled battery 110, that is, the voltage of the cells 111 connected in series in the assembled battery 110. And the voltage when the electric current is flowing through the assembled battery 110 is detected as a closed circuit voltage.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 is configured by a microcomputer or the like, and acquires battery voltage, temperature, and charge level information of each unit cell 111 based on signals transmitted from the unit cell control units 121a and 121b. In addition, the current value flowing through the assembled battery 110 is received from the current detection unit 130, and the total voltage value of the assembled battery 110 is received from the voltage detection unit 140. The received information is stored in the storage unit 180. Based on these pieces of information, the assembled battery control unit 150 detects the state of the assembled battery 110. The result of detection of the state of the assembled battery 110 by the assembled battery control unit 150 is transmitted to the cell control units 121a and 121b and the vehicle control unit 200.
- the cell control units 121a and 121b are connected in series according to the descending order of potentials of the cell groups 112a and 112b monitored by each.
- the signal transmitted from the assembled battery control unit 150 is input to the single cell control unit 121a via the insulating element 170 and the signal communication path 160.
- the output of the cell control unit 121a is input to the cell control unit 121b via the signal communication path 160.
- the output of the lowest cell control unit 121b is transmitted to the battery pack control unit 150 via the insulating element 170 and the signal communication path 160.
- an insulating element is not provided between the unit cell control unit 121a and the unit cell control unit 121b. However, signals can be transmitted and received between these units through the insulating element.
- the storage unit 180 stores and stores various information necessary for the assembled battery control unit 150 to control the assembled battery 110. For example, information related to the charge level of each unit cell 111, information about the internal resistance of each unit cell 111, and the like are stored in the storage unit 180.
- the open circuit voltage calculation unit 190 detects a current flowing from the current detection unit 130 to the assembled battery 110, receives voltage information from the voltage detection unit 140, and detects a voltage when no current is flowing from the voltage detection unit 140. Open circuit voltage.
- the relationship between the charge level of the assembled battery 110 and the open circuit voltage is stored in advance in the storage unit 180 as a table or function, and the open circuit voltage corresponding to the detected charge level is read from the storage unit 180, and based on the detected charge level Find the open circuit voltage.
- the open circuit voltage is preferably updated sequentially based on the charge level information, but the voltage from the voltage detection unit 140 when no current is flowing is stored, and the voltage is used as the open circuit voltage during the charge / discharge period. May be.
- the charge level is synonymous with SOC (State Of Of Charge) of the assembled battery 110 and is also called a charge rate.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 is stored in the storage unit 180 and information received from the unit cell control units 121a and 121b, the current detection unit 130, the voltage detection unit 140, the open circuit voltage calculation unit 190, and the vehicle control unit 200, respectively.
- Various processes and operations for controlling the assembled battery 110 are executed using information and the like. For example, when a current is flowing through the assembled battery 110 by the current detection unit 130, the voltage is detected by the voltage detection unit 140 to be a closed circuit voltage. The open circuit voltage when the current is not flowing is acquired from the open circuit voltage calculation unit 190. Based on the voltage difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage, a later-described ⁇ V effective value or the like is calculated, and this calculated value is used as an index value.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 and the vehicle control unit 200 are respectively connected to a communication network in the vehicle called CAN (Controller (Area Network), and can transmit and receive each other's information via this.
- CAN Controller (Area Network)
- the vehicle control unit 200 controls the inverter 400 connected to the battery system 100 via the relays 300 and 310 using the information transmitted from the assembled battery control unit 150.
- the battery system 100 is connected to the inverter 400 while the vehicle is traveling.
- Inverter 400 drives motor generator 410 using energy stored in battery pack 110 in battery system 100.
- the battery system 100 When the vehicle system equipped with the battery system 100 starts and runs, the battery system 100 is connected to the inverter 400 under the control of the vehicle control unit 200. And the vehicle control part 200 is driven by the inverter 400 using the energy stored in the assembled battery 110. On the other hand, during regeneration, the assembled battery 110 is charged with the power generated by the motor generator 410.
- the assembled battery 110 is charged with a charging current supplied from the charger 420 until a predetermined condition is satisfied.
- the energy stored in the assembled battery 110 by charging is used during the next vehicle travel, and is also used to operate electrical components inside and outside the vehicle. Furthermore, it may be discharged to an external power source represented by a household power source as necessary.
- the charger 420 is mounted on a household power source or an external power source typified by a desk lamp. When a vehicle equipped with the battery system 100 is connected to these power sources, the battery system 100 and the charger 420 are connected based on information transmitted by the vehicle control unit 200.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of the unit cell controller 121a.
- the unit cell control unit 121 a includes a voltage detection unit 122, a control circuit 123, and a signal input / output circuit 124.
- the cell control part 121a and the cell control part 121b of FIG. 1 have the same circuit structure. Therefore, in FIG. 2, the circuit configuration of the unit cell control unit 121a is shown as a representative of these.
- the voltage detection part 122 measures the voltage (terminal voltage) between the terminals of each unit cell 111.
- the control circuit 123 receives the measurement result from the voltage detection unit 122 and transmits it to the assembled battery control unit 150 via the signal input / output circuit 124.
- the cell controller 121a is used to equalize variations in voltage and charge level between the cells 111 that occur due to variations in self-discharge and current consumption. A known circuit configuration is provided. The operation of this circuit is controlled by the control circuit 123.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the number of use cycles of the secondary battery and the degree of deterioration of the secondary battery.
- the horizontal axis represents the number of cycles used
- the vertical axis represents the degree of deterioration.
- L1 in FIG. 3 during normal use in which the effective current is less than or equal to the allowable value, the deterioration of the battery gradually proceeds as the number of battery use cycles increases.
- a solid line L2 in FIG. 3 when the battery is used for a long time at a high load exceeding the allowable value of the battery, the internal resistance value temporarily increases significantly as the number of battery use cycles increases (high load). Resistance rises) and the battery deteriorates rapidly. In such a case, the battery performance cannot be fully exhibited.
- the effective current is the root mean square of the current value and is defined by the following formula 1.
- ba is the number of data from a certain time point a to a certain time point b.
- the time width from the acquisition of data a to the acquisition of data b is referred to as a time window.
- the ba window is a time window
- the time window is (ba) ⁇ 0.1 seconds.
- the allowable value is an effective current for each time window in which the characteristic evaluation of the battery is performed in advance and it is confirmed that the high load resistance increase indicated by the solid line L2 in FIG. 3 does not occur. It is.
- charge / discharge restriction on the assembled battery 110 is performed so that the effective current is less than or equal to the allowable value.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the time window of the effective current according to the battery temperature and the allowable value.
- the horizontal axis of the figure is a time window and is expressed in logarithm, and the vertical axis is effective current.
- FIG. 4 shows a graph of allowable values I1 to I3 for avoiding the occurrence of a high load resistance increase.
- the graph of the allowable value I1 indicates the allowable value of the effective current of the battery when the battery temperature is high.
- the graph of the allowable value I2 indicates the allowable value of the effective current of the battery when the battery temperature is medium, and the graph of the allowable value I3 indicates that the battery temperature is low.
- These allowable values are values obtained by experiments to avoid the occurrence of a high load resistance rise for each time window.
- the allowable value of the effective current of the battery changes depending on the time window for calculating the effective current of the battery, and the longer the time window for calculating the effective current, the longer the battery deterioration progresses. Therefore, it is necessary to set the allowable value low. For this reason, it is preferable that the allowable value is determined not only by a short time window but also by combining a plurality of time windows that are somewhat long, such as 60 seconds, 600 seconds, and 1800 seconds. Moreover, even if the time window is set too long as 3 hours or more, a sufficient effect cannot be exhibited. When charging / discharging with the same effective current, battery deterioration is more likely to proceed as the battery temperature is lower, so the allowable value needs to be set lower.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between battery temperature and effective current tolerance.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents effective current.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the allowable value of effective current and temperature in a specific time window in the graph of FIG. FIG. 5 shows that when the temperature rises, the allowable value for avoiding the occurrence of the high load resistance rise must be increased.
- the temperature of a battery for automobiles varies greatly depending on heat generated by charging / discharging and changes in cooling air supplied to the battery. Regarding the temperature of the battery, there are problems such as a temperature distribution occurring inside the battery pack and the temperature inside the battery being difficult to measure in the first place.
- the permissible value varies greatly depending on the temperature, which means that due to the difference between the actual temperature and the measured temperature, unnecessary charge / discharge restriction is performed, or an increase in high load resistance occurs without appropriate charge / discharge restriction being applied. There is a possibility. Therefore, it is desirable to set a new index with a small change in allowable value even if the temperature changes.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the effective value of the difference between the battery temperature, the closed circuit voltage, and the open circuit voltage.
- the horizontal axis represents temperature
- the vertical axis represents ⁇ V effective value.
- the ⁇ V effective value is expressed by the following equation 2.
- CCVt is a closed circuit voltage at a certain time t
- OCVt is an open circuit voltage at a certain time t
- b ⁇ a is the number of data from a certain time point a to a certain time point b.
- the ba window is a time window
- the time window is (ba) ⁇ 0.1 seconds.
- the effective value of the difference between the closed-circuit voltage and the open-circuit voltage can be set as a new index value that has a small change with respect to the temperature change of the secondary battery and a small change in the allowable value even if the temperature changes. .
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing functional blocks of the assembled battery control unit 150 related to charge / discharge restriction.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 includes a ⁇ V calculation unit 151 (a difference calculation unit between a closed circuit voltage and an open circuit voltage), an index value calculation unit 152, and a charge / discharge restriction unit 153 as a configuration for performing charge / discharge restriction of the assembled battery 110. Each functional block is included.
- the closed-circuit voltage of the assembled battery 110 measured by the voltage detector 140 and the open-circuit voltage from the open-circuit voltage calculator 190 are always input to the ⁇ V calculator 151, and for a certain period, for example, 60 seconds, 600 seconds, or 1800 seconds.
- the voltage difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is calculated.
- the index value calculation unit 152 calculates an effective value based on Equation 2 from the voltage difference of a certain period calculated by the ⁇ V calculation unit 151 to obtain an index value. Based on not only the effective value but also the voltage difference of a certain period calculated by the ⁇ V calculating unit 151, a mean square value, an average value, a first-order lag process, and the like may be calculated to obtain an index value.
- Equation 3 The root mean square value can be calculated by Equation 3, the average value by Equation 4, and the first-order lag processing of the effective value when data is acquired every 0.1 second can be calculated by Equation 5.
- CCVt is a closed circuit voltage at a certain time t
- OCVt is an open circuit voltage at a certain time t
- ba is the number of data from a certain time point a to a certain time point b.
- ⁇ is a time constant (seconds).
- the first order lag processing of the effective value when data is acquired every 0.1 seconds is taken as an example, but when the frequency of data acquisition is changed, the effective value is changed to a mean square value or an average value. Even in this case, the same processing can be performed.
- the charge / discharge restriction unit 153 compares the index value output from the index value calculation unit 152 with an allowable value, and determines whether or not the charge / discharge current of the assembled battery 110 should be limited.
- the index value is the ⁇ V effective value
- the allowable value is stored in advance in the storage unit 180 based on the result of an experiment or the like. If the index value is a mean square value, an average value, a first-order lag process, or the like, the corresponding allowable values are stored in advance in the storage unit 180 based on the results of experiments or the like. Then, the charge / discharge limiting unit 153 reads the allowable value corresponding to the index value calculation format from the storage unit 180 and compares it with the index value.
- the vehicle control unit 200 charges the assembled battery 110 with the power generated by the motor generator 410.
- the vehicle control unit 200 controls the inverter 400 so as to reduce the amount of energy used to charge the assembled battery 110, thereby charging current. Make it smaller.
- the discharge current is reduced by increasing the energy ratio on the engine side of the vehicle and controlling the inverter 400 so as to reduce the drive power of the motor generator 410.
- charging / discharging restrictions with respect to the assembled battery 110 can be performed, and charging / discharging electric current can be made small.
- the charge / discharge current is reduced, the voltage difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is also reduced, and the index value that is the calculation result based on the voltage difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is also reduced.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 can limit charging / discharging of the assembled battery 110 by the functional blocks described above.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a process when the microcomputer in the assembled battery control unit 150 executes a function equivalent to the charge / discharge restriction by the functional block shown in FIG.
- the process shown in this flowchart is executed by the assembled battery control unit 150 at predetermined processing cycles.
- the control subject of each process shown in the flowchart is the assembled battery control unit 150.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 obtains the open circuit voltage from the open circuit voltage calculation unit 190 and the closed circuit voltage from the voltage detection unit 140, and always calculates the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage. Specifically, the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is calculated for each of the time windows of 1800 seconds, 600 seconds, and 60 seconds, stored in the storage unit 180, and these values are calculated by calculating the index value described later. Use. Note that the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage has a certain effect even if the total voltage of the assembled battery is calculated. However, the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is calculated for each unit cell, and the value of the unit cell having a large difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is used.
- the reason for this is that the deterioration of the battery is not uniform due to the influence of individual differences in the battery or the arrangement in the battery pack, and the battery with the largest deterioration, that is, a single battery with a large difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage. This is because the increase in high load resistance can be surely avoided by limiting the charging / discharging with the characteristics. Specifically, if the largest calculated value of the calculated values of the single battery based on the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage exceeds a predetermined allowable value, the secondary battery is charged. Limit discharge.
- step S12 it is determined whether or not the continuous use time for calculating the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is 1800 seconds or more in step S11. If it is 1800 seconds or more, the process proceeds to step S13, and if it is less than 1800 seconds, the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S13 an index value at 1800 seconds is calculated.
- the index value is expressed by the ⁇ V effective value
- the index value is calculated using Equation 2. That is, the ⁇ V effective value is calculated as an index value based on the sum of the square of the difference between the closed circuit voltage CCV and the open circuit voltage OCV accumulated for 1800 seconds and the time window.
- step S14 the calculated index value at 1800 seconds is compared with the allowable value at 1800 seconds obtained in advance through experiments or the like.
- the allowable value at 1800 seconds is stored in advance in the storage unit 180. If the calculated index value at 1800 seconds exceeds the allowable value at 1800 seconds, the process proceeds to step S15. If not, the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S15 the charging / discharging current is limited so as not to exceed the allowable value in 1800 seconds. That is, the value of the allowable power after the limit is determined, and a signal for causing the vehicle control unit 200 or the like to limit the charge / discharge current is output.
- the vehicle control unit 200 charges the assembled battery 110 with the power generated by the motor generator 410.
- the vehicle control unit 200 controls the inverter 400 so as to reduce the amount of energy used to charge the assembled battery 110, thereby charging current. Make it smaller.
- the discharge current is reduced by increasing the energy ratio on the engine side of the vehicle and controlling the inverter 400 so as to reduce the drive power of the motor generator 410.
- step S16 it is determined in step S11 whether the continuous use time for calculating the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is 600 seconds or more. If it is 600 seconds or more, the process proceeds to step S17, and if it is less than 600 seconds, the process proceeds to step S20.
- step S17 an index value at 600 seconds is calculated, and in step S18, it is compared with an allowable value at 600 seconds. If the calculated index value at 600 seconds exceeds the allowable value at 600 seconds, the process proceeds to step S19, and if not, the process proceeds to step S20.
- step S19 the charging / discharging current is limited so as not to exceed the allowable value in 600 seconds.
- the specific processing is the same as in step 15. After limiting the charge / discharge current, the process shown in the flowchart is terminated.
- step S20 it is determined whether or not the continuous use time for calculating the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is 60 seconds or more in step S11. If it is 60 seconds or more, the process proceeds to step S21. If it is less than 60 seconds, the process shown in the flowchart is ended.
- step S21 an index value at 60 seconds is calculated and compared with an allowable value at 60 seconds in step S22. If the calculated index value at 60 seconds exceeds the allowable value at 60 seconds, the process proceeds to step S23, and if not, the process proceeds to step S24.
- step S23 the charging / discharging current is limited so as not to exceed the allowable value in 60 seconds.
- the specific processing is the same as in step 15. After limiting the charge / discharge current, the process shown in the flowchart is terminated.
- step S24 it is determined whether charge / discharge restriction is being implemented. If the charge / discharge restriction is being implemented, the process proceeds to the next step S25, and the charge / discharge restriction is canceled. In this case, the assembled battery control unit 150 outputs a signal for canceling the charge / discharge restriction to the vehicle control unit 200 immediately or after a predetermined time.
- step S24 the process shown in the flowchart is terminated.
- the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is sequentially calculated again from the continuous use time 0 seconds. That is, the difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is always calculated in step S11 until the continuous use time reaches 60 seconds or more.
- an index value at 60 seconds is calculated in step S21.
- respective index values are calculated in steps S17 and S13.
- the maximum time window is set to 1800 seconds, and it is determined whether the index value exceeds the allowable value when the time window becomes 60 seconds or more, or 600 seconds or more. Charge / discharge restriction can be implemented when the index value exceeds an allowable value.
- the time window has been described with examples of 1800 seconds, 600 seconds, and 60 seconds, but other time windows may be used.
- the battery pack 110 can be charged and discharged.
- the battery control device includes a voltage detection unit 140 that detects a closed circuit voltage of the secondary battery, an open circuit voltage calculation unit 190 that calculates an open circuit voltage of the secondary battery, and a closed circuit voltage of the secondary battery in a continuous predetermined period. And an assembled battery control unit 150 for determining whether the calculated value calculated based on the voltage difference between the open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage exceeds a predetermined allowable value.
- the assembled battery control unit 150 determines the calculated value in advance. When it exceeds the allowable value, a signal for limiting charging / discharging of the secondary battery is output. Therefore, since the voltage difference between the closed circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage is not temperature-dependent, the calculation value based on this voltage difference is used as a secondary battery deterioration determination index, which is suitable for a vehicle having a large temperature fluctuation range. .
- each of the above-described configurations and functions can be realized in whole or in part as hardware using, for example, an integrated circuit, or can be realized as a program or software executed by a processor.
- Information such as programs and tables for realizing each function can be stored in a storage device such as a memory or a hard disk.
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Abstract
Description
二次電池である組電池110は、電気エネルギーの蓄積および放出(直流電力の充放電)が可能な複数の単電池111を電気的に直列に接続して構成している。組電池110を構成する単電池111は、充放電の状態の管理や制御を実施する上で、所定の単位数にグループ分けされている。グループ分けされた単電池111は、電気的に直列に接続され、単電池群112a、112bを構成している。単電池群112a、112bを構成する単電池111の個数は、全ての単電池群112a、112bにおいて同数でもよいし、単電池群112a、112b毎に単電池111の個数が異なっていてもよい。本実施の形態では、説明を簡略化するために、4個の単電池111を電気的に直列接続して単電池群112aと112bを構成し、単電池群112aと112bをさらに電気的に直列接続して合計8個の単電池111を備える組電池110とした。
ΔV実効値は、次の式2によって表される。
(1)電池制御装置は、二次電池の閉路電圧を検知する電圧検知部140と、二次電池の開路電圧を演算する開路電圧演算部190と、連続する所定期間における二次電池の閉路電圧と開路電圧との電圧差に基づいて演算された演算値が予め定められた許容値を超えているかを判別する組電池制御部150とを備え、組電池制御部150は、演算値が予め定められた許容値を超えている場合には、二次電池の充放電制限を行う信号を出力する。したがって、閉路電圧と開路電圧の電圧差は温度依存性が無いので、この電圧差に基づく演算値を二次電池の劣化判定指数として用いることにより、温度変動幅の大きい車両に用いて好適である。
また、上記の各構成や各機能は、それらの全部または一部を、例えば集積回路等を用いたハードウェアとして実現することもできるし、プロセッサにより実行されるプログラムやソフトウェアとして実現することもできる。各機能を実現するためのプログラムやテーブルなどの情報は、メモリやハードディスクなどの記憶装置に格納することができる。
日本国特許出願2014年第139436号(2014年7月7日出願)
110 組電池
111 単電池
120 電池制御装置
130 電流検知部
140 電圧検知部
150 組電池制御部
151 ΔV算出部
152 指標値算出部
153 充放電制限部
180 記憶部
190 開路電圧演算部
200 車両制御部
400 インバータ
410 モータジェネレータ
420 充電器
Claims (6)
- 二次電池の閉路電圧を検知する電圧検知部と、
前記二次電池の開路電圧を演算する開路電圧演算部と、
連続する所定期間における前記二次電池の前記閉路電圧と前記開路電圧との電圧差に基づいて演算された演算値が予め定められた許容値を超えているかを判別する組電池制御部とを備え、
前記組電池制御部は、前記演算値が予め定められた前記許容値を超えている場合には、前記二次電池の充放電制限を行う信号を出力する電池制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電池制御装置であって、
前記組電池制御部は、連続する少なくとも2種類の前記所定期間において、前記二次電池の前記閉路電圧と前記開路電圧との電圧差に基づいて夫々演算を行って前記演算値を求め、前記各所定期間毎に予め定められた前記許容値と前記演算値とを夫々比較して、前記許容値を超えている場合には、前記二次電池の充放電制限を行う信号を出力する電池制御装置。 - 請求項2記載の電池制御装置であって、
前記組電池制御部は、前記二次電池の充放電制限を行う信号を出力した後に、前記演算の結果が前記許容値以下に戻った場合、直ちに、若しくは一定時間後に充放電制限を解除する信号を出力する電池制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電池制御装置であって、
前記二次電池の前記閉路電圧と前記開路電圧との電圧差に基づく前記演算は、実効値、二乗平均値、平均値、もしくは前記実効値、前記二乗平均値、前記平均値の一次遅れ処理のいずれかである電池制御装置。 - 請求項1または請求項4に記載の電池制御装置であって、
前記組電池制御部は、前記二次電池を構成する複数の単電池の各々の閉路電圧と前記開路電圧との電圧差に基づいて前記演算を行い、演算した前記複数の単電池の複数の演算値のうち、最も大きい演算値が予め定められた前記許容値を超えている場合には、前記二次電池の充放電制限を行う信号を出力する電池制御装置。 - 請求項1または請求項4に記載の電池制御装置であって、
前記二次電池の充電レベルと前記開路電圧の関係をテーブルまたは関数として予め記憶した記憶部を更に有し、
前記組電池制御部は、検出した前記充電レベルと対応する前記開路電圧を前記記憶部より読み出して、検出した充電レベルに基づいて前記開路電圧を求める電池制御装置。
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EP15818972.0A EP3168954B1 (en) | 2014-07-07 | 2015-06-25 | Battery control device |
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