WO2015198608A1 - 相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法及び相界面反応装置、ならびに二次反応生成物製造方法 - Google Patents
相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法及び相界面反応装置、ならびに二次反応生成物製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015198608A1 WO2015198608A1 PCT/JP2015/003207 JP2015003207W WO2015198608A1 WO 2015198608 A1 WO2015198608 A1 WO 2015198608A1 JP 2015003207 W JP2015003207 W JP 2015003207W WO 2015198608 A1 WO2015198608 A1 WO 2015198608A1
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- reaction
- phase interface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/0894—Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J2219/12—Processes employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J2219/1203—Incoherent waves
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C221/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups and doubly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C223/00—Compounds containing amino and —CHO groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C223/06—Compounds containing amino and —CHO groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a reaction product manufacturing method, a phase interface reaction apparatus using a phase interface reaction that causes a reaction at a phase interface between a plasma phase and a liquid phase in contact with the plasma phase, and a secondary reaction product manufacturing method.
- a reaction product manufacturing method a phase interface reaction apparatus using a phase interface reaction that causes a reaction at a phase interface between a plasma phase and a liquid phase in contact with the plasma phase, and a secondary reaction product manufacturing method.
- water molecules (water vapor) contained in the air react with oxygen atoms to form hydroxy radicals (formula (2)).
- the proportion of water vapor contained in the air is at most about 3 or 4% by volume, and a large amount of hydroxy radicals cannot be generated.
- ozone plasma
- discharge is not efficiently performed under high humidity, and ozone cannot be generated sufficiently.
- ammonia is important as a raw material for nitrogen fertilizer, urea, etc.
- the Harbor Bosch method is famous as its industrial production method. This method is a method of synthesizing ammonia by reacting nitrogen and hydrogen under high temperature and high pressure using an iron-based catalyst.
- hydrogen which is one of the raw materials for ammonia synthesis, is usually obtained by steam reforming of buried hydrocarbons typified by petroleum, coal or natural gas.
- the Harbor Bosch method is a heavy and long reaction method that requires enormous energy, and is a reaction method with a high environmental load that produces a by-product called carbon dioxide.
- Patent Document 3 a method of obtaining hydrogen by a water splitting reaction has been proposed (see Patent Document 3).
- the method according to this proposal is to heat a heating medium using solar thermal energy, and to generate hydrogen by causing a water splitting reaction using the thermal energy of the heating medium. According to this method, there is an advantage that the environmental load can be reduced in terms of using natural energy, and the collection load of high-temperature solar thermal energy can be reduced.
- the method for obtaining hydrogen by the water splitting reaction as described above is a method having a low environmental load in that it does not generate carbon dioxide, and is more advantageous than the Harbor Bosch method.
- the energy required to decompose hydrogen to obtain hydrogen but also the energy required for the reaction between the obtained hydrogen and nitrogen is large, and in addition, a catalyst is required for ammonia synthesis. Improvement in cost is desired.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and a reaction product manufacturing method using a phase interface reaction in which a high-efficiency plasma-like substance (such as ozone or nitrogen plasma) is reacted with water or the like, and a phase used therefor
- An object of the present invention is to provide an interfacial reaction apparatus and a secondary reaction product production method for producing a secondary reaction product using the reaction product.
- the reaction product manufacturing method using the phase-interface reaction includes a plasma supply step of supplying a plasma substance into a reaction vessel, and supplying water or an aqueous solution into the reaction vessel.
- the plasma substance and the solute contained in the water or aqueous solution at the phase interface between the plasma phase and the liquid phase in contact with the plasma phase Therefore, the contact area of the two components is wide and the reaction can be performed with high efficiency. At this time, a reaction between the plasma substance and gaseous water (water vapor) also occurs. Further, since plasma can be generated and supplied to the reaction field at a place different from the reaction field (in the reaction vessel) having a certain level of humidity, the plasma generation efficiency is not lowered.
- “plasma” is a gas or gas-like particle in which positively charged particles and negatively charged electrons are distributed while maintaining almost electric neutrality, regardless of the generation method.
- the term “plasma state” refers to a state in which some or all of the molecules constituting the gas are ionized or dissociated, or the dissociated atoms are associated with each other, and these are present in a mixed state.
- the ionized state is the state of ions and electrons
- the dissociated state is the state existing as oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, etc.
- the state where the atoms are associated is ozone (O 3 ), etc. It exists.
- plasma-like oxygen is usually a mixture of ozone (O 3 ), oxygen molecules (O 2 ), oxygen atoms (O), and the like. Further, nitrogen atoms (N) occupy most of plasma nitrogen (nitrogen plasma).
- the “plasma substance” may be a gaseous ultraviolet reactive substance such as ozone or nitrogen atom.
- the reaction product can be efficiently recovered in a gas state.
- the humidity is 100%, a large amount of dew condensation (water droplets) occurs on the inner surface of the reaction vessel, and the amount of water-soluble reaction product dissolved in the water droplets increases, so that it is necessary to recover both gas and liquid.
- the humidity in the reaction vessel in the ultraviolet irradiation step is 40% or more and 70% or less. By setting the humidity within the above range, the reaction efficiency can be further increased.
- the atomization step is performed by heating the water or the aqueous solution in the reaction vessel.
- the mist By generating the mist by heating, it becomes easy to control the humidity, the particle size of the mist, and the like to a good state.
- by atomizing water or the like in the reaction vessel it is possible to irradiate all the generated mist and water vapor with ultraviolet rays, which is efficient.
- heating in the reaction vessel results in an increase in the temperature in the reaction vessel and an increase in the amount of saturated water vapor. That is, since the amount of water vapor present in the reaction vessel can be increased, the reaction efficiency can be further increased.
- the substance preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon oxide (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide).
- oxygen plasma ozone
- hydroxy radicals, singlet oxygen, and the like can be generated, and ammonia can be synthesized by using nitrogen plasma.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) can be generated by decomposing this ammonia.
- carbon oxide plasma it is possible to synthesize organic substances such as hydrocarbons and alcohols.
- the substance further includes a decomposition reaction step of decomposing ammonia generated by the reaction at the phase interface, containing nitrogen. In this way, hydrogen molecules can be obtained.
- a phase interface reaction apparatus includes a reaction vessel, plasma supply means for supplying a plasma substance into the reaction vessel, and water for supplying water or an aqueous solution into the reaction vessel.
- An aqueous solution supply means and an ultraviolet irradiation means for irradiating the plasma substance in the reaction container with ultraviolet rays, and the plasma substance and the solute contained in the water or the aqueous solution in the reaction container. This is a device for reaction at the phase interface.
- the water / aqueous solution supply means is an atomization means for generating atomized water or an aqueous solution in the reaction container in a humidity-controllable manner, and the reaction container and the reaction Plasma supply means for supplying a plasma substance into the container, the atomization means, and the ultraviolet irradiation means, and the plasma substance and the atomized water or the atomized water in the reaction container.
- the solute contained in the aqueous solution can also be reacted at the phase interface.
- phase interface reaction apparatus since the plasma substance and the solute contained in water or the aqueous solution are reacted at the phase interface between the plasma phase and the liquid phase in contact with the plasma phase, high efficiency is achieved.
- the reaction can be carried out with
- the atomizing means is a heater of the water or aqueous solution, and the heater is disposed in the reaction vessel.
- the temperature in reaction container can be raised with a heater, the amount of saturated water vapor
- the secondary reaction product manufacturing method according to the third invention that meets the above-mentioned object is a method of manufacturing a secondary reaction product by reacting the reaction product generated by the above-described phase interface reaction with another substance.
- the reaction product generated by the phase interface reaction may contain active oxygen or a hydroxy radical.
- phase interface reaction apparatus in the phase interface reaction apparatus according to the second invention, a reaction product generated by a phase interface reaction between the plasma substance and the solute contained in the water or the aqueous solution is generated in the reaction vessel or outside thereof.
- a secondary reaction product can also be produced by reacting with another substance.
- a new reaction product obtained by applying the reaction product obtained by the phase interface reaction at room temperature, normal pressure and no catalyst is applied.
- a reaction method can be constructed.
- a new organic synthesis or a new metal surface treatment can be realized by reacting the above reaction product with another substance (for example, an organic compound or a metal).
- the reaction product contains active oxygen or a hydroxy radical
- the organic compound can be oxidized by the reaction of the reaction product with the organic compound, and the surface of the metal is oxidized by the reaction of the reaction product with the metal. It can be performed.
- the reaction product manufacturing method using the phase interface reaction according to the first invention and the phase interface reaction apparatus according to the second invention it is possible to react a plasma substance and water with high efficiency.
- combination and surface treatment are realizable using the reaction product obtained by the phase interface reaction. Therefore, the present invention can improve productivity of various chemical synthesis, etc., material processing (anticorrosion processing, modification, etc.), hygiene technology (sterilization, dust removal, virus removal, etc.), renewable energy (hydrogen purification) Etc.) It can be used in various fields such as fields.
- FIG. 2 shows another form of the phase interface reactor of FIG.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a typical mode of a phase interface reaction between a plasma substance and water or an aqueous solution.
- 4 (a) is an ESR spectrum of DMPO-OH in an aqueous 0.3M DMPO solution (ozone supply amount 4 L / min ⁇ 10 min, ultraviolet irradiation time 10 min), and
- FIG. 4 (b) shows 0.5M TPC-1 O 2 of the ESR spectrum in TPC aqueous solution (ozone supply amount 4L / min ⁇ 10min, UV irradiation time 10min) is.
- FIG. 1 is an ESR spectrum of DMPO-OH in an aqueous 0.3M DMPO solution (ozone supply amount 4 L / min ⁇ 10 min, ultraviolet irradiation time 10 min)
- FIG. 4 (b) shows 0.5M TPC-1 O 2 of the ESR spectrum in TPC aqueous solution (ozone supply amount 4L / min
- FIG. 5 is a graph (ozone supply amount 4 L / min ⁇ 2 min) showing the relationship between the ultraviolet irradiation time and the generated TPC- 1 O 2 .
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the ozone supply amount and the generated TPC- 1 O 2 (ozone supply rate 4 L / min, ultraviolet irradiation time 1 min).
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between humidity and the amount of TPC- 1 O 2 produced.
- FIG. 8 shows a comparison of the amount of ammonia produced by three systems of “N plasma phase / water phase + UV irradiation”, “N 2 gas phase / water phase + UV irradiation”, and “N plasma phase / water phase”. .
- FIG. 9 shows NMR spectra of indole before and after treatment with active oxygen generated by phase interface reaction.
- FIG. 10 shows an ATR total reflection FTIR spectrum of a copper plate surface treated with active oxygen generated by a phase interface reaction.
- 10 Phase interface reactor
- 11 Reaction vessel
- 12 Plasma generator (example of plasma supply means)
- 13 Heater (example of water / aqueous solution supply means, example of atomization means)
- 14 UV lamp ( 15: Plasma supply port, 16: Supply port, 17: Discharge port, 18: Piping
- 19 Heated container (an example of water / aqueous solution supply unit)
- 20 Diffusion fan, 21, 22 : Piping
- 30 shower device (an example of water / aqueous solution supply means)
- X water or aqueous solution
- a phase interface reactor 10 As shown in FIG. 1, a phase interface reactor 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a reaction vessel 11, a plasma generator 12 as an example of plasma supply means, a heater 13 as an example of atomization means, And a UV lamp 14 which is an example of ultraviolet irradiation means.
- the reaction vessel 11 is a reactor in which a plasma substance and mist water react.
- the reaction vessel 11 may be a known vessel, may be a transparent vessel made of glass or the like, or may be an opaque vessel made of ceramics or the like.
- a plasma supply port 15, a supply port 16 for other gases, and a discharge port 17 are provided.
- the plasma generator 12 is a device that generates plasma of a substance to be reacted and supplies the generated plasma (plasma-like substance) into the reaction vessel 11.
- a known plasma generator such as a device using a discharge such as arc discharge, a device using a high frequency electromagnetic field, a device using microwaves, or the like can be used as appropriate.
- a known ozone generator can be used as the plasma generator 12.
- the plasma generator 12 and the reaction vessel 11 are connected by a pipe 18. That is, the plasma generated by the plasma generator 12 is supplied from the plasma supply port 15 to the reaction vessel 11 through the pipe 18.
- the heater 13 is preferably installed on the bottom surface in the reaction vessel 11.
- a heated container 19 containing water (or an aqueous solution) X is placed on the heater 13.
- the heated container 19 is an example of water / aqueous solution supply means for supplying water or an aqueous solution into the reaction container 11, and does not necessarily have to be heated. For this reason, when heating is not required, the heated container 19 may be simply referred to as a “container”.
- the heater 13 heats the container 19 to be heated and the water X therein. By this heating, the water X in the heated container 19 is volatilized and mist-like water is generated in the reaction container 11.
- the heater 13 is not particularly limited as long as the heated container 19 and the water in the heated container 19 can be heated.
- a gas heater, a high-frequency induction heating device, or the like can be used in addition to the electric heater.
- the heater 13 generates fog so that the humidity in the reaction vessel 11 can be controlled.
- This humidity control can be performed by controlling the heating temperature (the amount of heat applied to the water X). That is, the amount of volatilization can be increased and the humidity can be increased by heating at a high temperature, and the amount of volatilization can be reduced and the humidity can be decreased by heating at a low temperature.
- the heater 13 and the to-be-heated container 19 are installed in the reaction container 11, the temperature in the reaction container 11 also rises by the heating of the heater 13. Therefore, the amount of water (steam and mist) that can be allowed to exist in the air can be increased by increasing the amount of saturated steam in the reaction vessel 11 by the heater 13. That is, the heater 13 increases both the amount of water vapor and the amount of saturated water vapor, and the humidity is determined from these.
- control of heating temperature is performed by control of electric energy, for example, when the heater 13 is an electric heater.
- the UV lamp 14 is disposed above the reaction container 11.
- the UV lamp 14 irradiates the plasma substance supplied from the plasma generator 12 into the reaction vessel 11 with ultraviolet rays. At this time, the UV lamp 14 further irradiates the fog water and the water X in the heated container 19 with ultraviolet rays.
- the wavelength of the ultraviolet rays irradiated by the UV lamp 14 is appropriately set according to the type of the reaction object. For example, when the reactant is oxygen (ozone), the wavelengths can be 185 nm and 254 nm.
- the output of the UV lamp 14 is not particularly limited, and can be 0.1 to 100 W, for example.
- a diffusion fan 20 is further installed in the reaction vessel 11.
- the diffusion fan 20 diffuses a plasma substance and mist water into the reaction vessel 11.
- a piping 21 is connected to the supply port 16 of the reaction vessel 11 so that a reaction gas or the like can be supplied from a pump or the like (not shown).
- a pipe 22 is connected to the discharge port 17 of the reaction vessel 11 so that generated gas, unreacted gas, and the like are discharged.
- Each of the plasma supply port 15, the supply port 16, and the discharge port 17 can be configured to be openable and closable.
- phase interface reaction apparatus 10 the plasma substance and the mist water react in the reaction vessel 11 at the phase interface between the plasma phase and the liquid phase dispersed and existing in the plasma phase.
- gaseous water (water vapor) in a volatilized state can also react. This reaction will be described later as a method for using the phase interface reaction apparatus 10 and a method for producing a reaction product using the phase interface reaction.
- FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of the phase interface reaction apparatus of FIG.
- a phase interface reaction apparatus 10 includes a reaction vessel 11, a plasma generator 12 as an example of a plasma supply means, and a UV lamp 14 as an example of an ultraviolet irradiation means. And a shower device 30 which is an example of water / aqueous solution supply means.
- the phase interface reaction apparatus 10 of FIG. 2 differs from the phase interface reaction apparatus 10 of FIG. 1 in that it includes a shower device 30 instead of the heater 13, the heated container 19 and the diffusion fan 20, and has other configurations.
- the diffusion fan 20 may be provided in the phase interface reaction apparatus 10 of FIG.
- the shower device 30 has a pipe 31 penetrating into the reaction vessel 11 and a shower head 32 at the tip thereof.
- the shower head 32 includes a porous surface 33 having a large number of small holes on its lower surface.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows a typical aspect of a phase interface reaction between a plasma substance and water or an aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as “water”).
- the plasma substance may be any kind typified by oxygen plasma, nitrogen plasma, air plasma and the like.
- FIG. 3 Each aspect shown in FIG. 3 is as follows.
- A Plain water phase (a kind of flat interface) The plasma substance reacts on the surface of the water contained in the container.
- B Tilted flat water phase (a kind of flat interface) The plasma substance reacts on the surface of the water flowing on the inclined surface.
- C Dispersed water phase The plasma substance reacts on the surface of water vapor dispersed in a mist form in the container.
- D Dripping water phase The plasma substance reacts on the surface of the water droplet dripped in the container.
- E Underwater phase The plasma substance is bubbled into the water filling the container or the water in the water tank placed in the container, and reacts with water on the surface of the bubbles.
- the water phase / plasma phase interface includes a flat interface ((A) and (B)), a dispersed aqueous phase (C), a dropped aqueous phase (D), and an underwater phase (E).
- Any phase interface can be a reaction field, but ultraviolet irradiation efficiency for improving the reaction efficiency and proton exchange at the water interface are (A), (B), (C) in the state of the plasma / water phase interface. And (D) are preferred.
- the phase interface reaction apparatus 10 in FIG. 1 corresponds to (C) in the state of the water phase / plasma phase interface shown in FIG. 3, and atomization that generates mist-like water or an aqueous solution in the reaction vessel 11 in a humidity-controllable manner.
- a heater 13 is preferably provided.
- the heater 13 is not an essential component for the phase interface reactor 10, and may include only the shower device 30 as in the phase interface reactor 10 of FIG. 2.
- the state of the water phase / plasma phase interface corresponds to (D) in FIG.
- the state of the water phase / plasma phase interface corresponds to (A) in FIG.
- an inclined plate may be arranged in the reaction container 11 without arranging the heated container 19 in the reaction container 11. The water in the heated container 19 is pumped up to the upper part of the inclined plate by the pump, the water that has fallen below the inclined plate surface is returned to the heated container 19, and the water flowing on the inclined plate surface; You may make it react with the plasma-like substance which touches the surface.
- the state of the water phase / plasma phase interface corresponds to (B) in FIG.
- a glass bubbling device containing water is placed in the reaction vessel 11, and a plasma substance is supplied into the bubbling apparatus for bubbling, and water and plasma substance are generated on the surface of the generated bubbles. You may make reaction with. In that case, the state of the water phase / plasma phase interface corresponds to (E) in FIG.
- the method of using the phase interface reaction apparatus 10 includes a plasma supply step of supplying a plasma substance into the reaction vessel 11, and water or an aqueous solution in the reaction vessel 11.
- a water / aqueous solution supply step for supplying, and an ultraviolet irradiation step for irradiating the plasma substance in the reaction vessel 11 with ultraviolet rays, and the plasma substance and the solute contained in the water or aqueous solution in the reaction vessel 11 It reacts at the phase interface.
- reaction product production method includes the above-described water / aqueous solution supply step in which mist water or an aqueous solution is added to the reaction vessel 11.
- the atomizing step to be generated may be performed, and the ultraviolet irradiation step may be a step of irradiating the plasma substance in the reaction vessel 11 with ultraviolet rays in a state where the humidity in the reaction vessel is less than 100%.
- the order of the plasma supply process, the atomization process, and the ultraviolet irradiation process is not particularly limited as long as a phase interface reaction occurs. Usually, these processes are performed simultaneously or at least the atomization process and the ultraviolet irradiation process are performed simultaneously. Is preferred.
- a plasma substance is supplied into the reaction vessel 11 by operating the plasma generator 12.
- oxygen gas oxygen molecules
- oxygen plasma plasma-like oxygen
- ozone oxygen atoms
- oxygen atoms other oxygen molecules, ionized ions, and electrons And the like are supplied to the reaction vessel 11 through the pipe 18.
- nitrogen gas nitrogen molecules
- a mixture of nitrogen atoms (N), other nitrogen molecules, ionized ions and electrons is supplied to the reaction vessel 11 as nitrogen plasma (plasma-like nitrogen).
- the reaction vessel 11 when carbon dioxide is supplied to the plasma generator 12, a mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon atoms, oxygen atoms, carbon dioxide, and other ions and electrons is supplied to the reaction vessel 11 as carbon oxide plasma (plasma-like carbon oxide). Supplied.
- the substance supplied to the reaction vessel 11 in the plasma state is not limited to these inorganic substances, and may be other organic substances (hydrocarbon, alcohol, ammonia, etc.). Further, only one kind of substance may be converted into plasma, or a mixture of two or more kinds of substances (for example, air) may be converted into plasma and supplied to the reaction vessel 11.
- the supply speed of the plasma substance to the reaction vessel 11 is not particularly limited and is appropriately set according to the apparatus size and the like, and can be, for example, about 0.1 L / min to 100 L / min.
- Water / aqueous solution supply process Water or an aqueous solution to be brought into contact with the plasma substance supplied from the plasma generator 12 is supplied into the reaction vessel 11.
- the supply method is not particularly limited.
- the steps are as follows.
- the heater 13 is operated to generate mist (mist water or mist aqueous solution) in the reaction vessel 11. That is, the water (or aqueous solution) X in the heated container 19 rises in temperature by the heater 13, volatilizes, and solidifies to form fine droplets dispersed in the air.
- heating temperature room temperature in the reaction container 11
- 30 to 50 degreeC is preferable and 35 to 45 degreeC is more preferable.
- a mist suitable for the phase interface reaction can be generated. If the temperature is too high, the mist particles may expand and the reaction efficiency may decrease, or the amount of volatilization may exceed the increase in the saturated water vapor amount, the humidity may reach 100%, and a large amount of condensation may occur.
- a solute aqueous solution can be heated to generate a mist aqueous solution.
- the solute is not particularly limited as long as it has water solubility and reacts with plasma.
- organic substances such as alcohol and carboxylic acid may be used, and inorganic substances such as ammonia and metal salts may be used. Further, it may be an electrolyte or a non-electrolyte.
- the solute concentration contained in the mist decreases, but a certain amount of solute is contained in the mist.
- UV irradiation process In the ultraviolet irradiation step, the plasma substance in the reaction vessel 11 supplied from the plasma generator 12 is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Ultraviolet rays are irradiated by a UV lamp 14. This ultraviolet irradiation is preferably performed in a state where the humidity (relative humidity) in the reaction vessel 11 is less than 100%. When the humidity is 100%, the reaction efficiency is low due to, for example, dominant ultraviolet absorption to water molecules present in a large amount in the reaction field (in the air and on the wall surface). Moreover, all reaction products can be taken out fundamentally by carrying out under unsaturated steam conditions.
- the humidity in the reaction vessel 11 during the ultraviolet irradiation is preferably 40% or more and 70% or less, and more preferably 45% or more and 65% or less.
- the time of ultraviolet irradiation is not particularly limited, and is appropriately set according to the plasma, the amount of moisture, and the like.
- the irradiation time can be, for example, from 0.1 minutes to 30 minutes.
- a plasma substance reacts with water (or a solute contained in an aqueous solution), preferably mist water (or a solute contained in an aqueous solution) at the phase interface in the reaction vessel 11.
- water or a solute contained in an aqueous solution
- mist water or a solute contained in an aqueous solution
- the reactant to be reacted with the generated hydroxy radical or singlet oxygen can be supplied into the reaction vessel 11 from the supply port 16 through the pipe 21, for example.
- This reactant may be a gas (for example, nitrogen, methane, etc.) or a liquid. In the case of a liquid, it can be supplied in the form of a mist. Further, the reaction object may be present in the reaction vessel 11 from the beginning.
- Hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, or a reaction product obtained by further reacting these can be recovered from the pipe 22 through the outlet 17, for example.
- the reaction product when the reaction product is water-soluble, it dissolves in the water in the heated container 19, and therefore the reaction product may be recovered from the water in the heated container 19.
- nitrogen atoms When plasma nitrogen is used as the plasma substance, nitrogen atoms (plasma) react with water at the phase interface due to ultraviolet irradiation, and ammonia and the like are generated.
- Ammonia is an example of a reaction product generated by a phase interface reaction.
- the plasma generator 12 discharge device
- it can be decomposed to obtain hydrogen molecules (and nitrogen molecules) (decomposition reaction step).
- hydrogen molecules can be obtained from nitrogen (air) and water as raw materials via ammonia.
- the method of synthesizing ammonia using the phase interface reaction is a phenomenon in which the atomic gas generated in the plasma is efficiently supplied with dissociated protons by itself at the phase interface with water (plasma / water phase interface). It is a synthesis method that uses air or nitrogen and water as raw materials. When nitrogen molecules are passed through the discharge space of the plasma generator 12, nitrogen is turned into plasma. When the phase interface between the nitrogen plasma and water is rapidly formed, ammonia is generated. When the nitrogen plasma / water phase interface is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to impart reaction energy, ammonia synthesis efficiency is further improved.
- Ammonia is a gas at normal pressure, but its water solubility is very high (at 20 ° C., NH 3 702 g / H 2 O 100 g). For this reason, the synthesized ammonia is dissolved in the aqueous phase (a part of the ammonia exists in the atmosphere as a gas depending on the conditions of the reaction system). Therefore, the synthesized ammonia can be easily recovered by dissolving the aqueous phase. Further, since the dissolution rate greatly decreases at high temperatures (eg, the dissolution rate is 1/8 at 100 ° C.), it can be easily recovered as a gas depending on the reaction system conditions.
- the well-known Harbor Bosch method synthesizes ammonia at a high temperature, high pressure, and catalytic system for a long time
- the above-mentioned phase interface reaction can proceed at room temperature, normal pressure, and no catalyst. Therefore, it is extremely advantageous in that the ammonia synthesis reaction can be advanced with a small amount of energy input.
- raw materials can be procured everywhere (no transportation is required), ammonia can be synthesized using air and water as raw materials, and the raw material costs are extremely low.
- the equipment is light at normal temperature and pressure, low energy reaction system (non-equilibrium chemical reaction system at the phase interface), and there is no need to generate hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel Therefore, it has great advantages such as being able to significantly reduce energy costs.
- ammonia is synthesized from air and water, since oxygen exists in the air, nitrogen plasma and oxygen plasma react to generate a small amount of NO in the gas phase.
- NO is not dissolved at all in the aqueous phase and can be easily exhausted as a gas, so it is considered that NO does not mix with ammonia in the liquid phase.
- the extremely low solubility of NO in water compared to ammonia is considered to be one reason why ammonia can be produced inexpensively and safely.
- plasma-like carbon oxide carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
- organic substances such as hydrocarbons and alcohols by reaction with water and the like.
- a plurality of substances, for example, nitrogen and oxygen (air) may be used in the form of plasma. Further, this phase interface reaction may be carried out continuously or batchwise.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and the configuration thereof can be changed without changing the gist of the present invention.
- the mist may be fed into the reaction vessel 11 from the outside of the reaction vessel 11.
- an ultrasonic wave ultrasonic humidifier
- a spray that physically generates fog, and the like can also be used.
- the ultraviolet irradiation means UV lamp 14
- UV lamp 14 can be installed outside the reaction vessel 11 and irradiated from the outside.
- an energy input means using light or electromagnetic waves such as an excimer lamp (for example, a lamp that radiates vacuum ultraviolet rays of 180 nm or less) may be used instead of or in combination with the UV lamp 14. .
- the secondary reaction product manufacturing method is a method of manufacturing a secondary reaction product by reacting the reaction product generated by the above-described phase interface reaction with another substance.
- the reaction product means a hydroxy radical, singlet oxygen (a kind of active oxygen) or the like when a phase interface reaction between oxygen plasma and water is performed.
- the reaction product means ammonia.
- Phase interface reactions include: (A) a flat water phase (a kind of flat interface), (B) an inclined flat water phase (a kind of flat interface), (C) a dispersed water phase, (D) a dropped water phase or (E) water It can be done in any aspect of the phase (see FIG. 3).
- Another substance is not particularly limited as long as it can react with the reaction product.
- Other materials include, for example, organic compounds or inorganic compounds (including metals).
- the reaction product is of a nature that oxidizes another substance such as active oxygen, the other substance may be referred to as an oxygen addition compound or an oxygen addition substance.
- Reaction products (hydroxy radicals, singlet oxygen, etc.) obtained by the phase interface reaction between oxygen plasma and water are active substances with high electron extraction activity. For this reason, an organic compound can be oxidized in a short time by making this reaction product and an organic compound (for example, indole etc.) react.
- Indole may be dispersed or dissolved in a solvent.
- water when water is used as the solvent, it is preferable to prepare an aqueous solution containing 1 to 5 wt% indole.
- an organic solvent such as ethanol is used as the solvent, it is preferable to prepare a solution containing 10 to 30 wt% indole.
- the content of the indole is only an example, and a solution having a content other than the above may be used. Since this reaction can be carried out at ordinary temperature, normal pressure, and without a catalyst, it is effective as an inexpensive method for organic synthesis.
- a substance other than indole may be used as another substance that reacts with the reaction product generated by the phase interface reaction.
- a substance other than indole may be used.
- skatole, phenylalanine, indoleacetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, aldehyde, alcohol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, Flavon, quercetin, catechin, pyrrole, styrene, thiophene, benzaldehyde, indene and the like can be used.
- the surface of the metal can be oxidized in a short time.
- This reaction can also be performed at room temperature, normal pressure, and without a catalyst, so that it is effective as an inexpensive method for metal surface treatment.
- the metal may be other than copper.
- iron, nickel, or zinc can be used.
- the secondary reaction product production method can be performed inside or outside the above-described phase interface reaction apparatus 10.
- another reaction apparatus connected by piping from the phase interface reaction apparatus 10 is prepared, and the reaction product obtained by the phase interface reaction method is prepared. Is preferably drawn into the other reactor through the pipe and brought into contact with another substance (for example, an organic compound, metal, or the like) disposed inside the other reactor.
- a secondary reaction product is produced inside the phase interface reaction apparatus 10
- an organic compound-containing liquid mixed with an organic compound or a predetermined solvent such as water
- the reaction product generated in the apparatus 10 may be brought into contact with an organic compound in a container such as a petri dish.
- a heated container 19 in which water that reacts with a plasma substance is placed in a container separate from the petri dish.
- the petri dish containing the water in which the organic compound is dispersed or dissolved is put in the reaction vessel 11, and the reaction product obtained by reacting the water in the petri dish with the plasma substance and the organic compound in the petri dish.
- the plate-like metal is preferably disposed in the reaction vessel 11.
- phase interface reaction apparatus 10 a reaction product generated by a phase interface reaction between a plasma substance and a solute contained in water or an aqueous solution and another substance (for example, the reaction vessel 11 or the outside thereof) , Organic compounds, metals, etc.) can be reacted to produce a secondary reaction product, whereby, for example, a new organic synthesis method or metal surface treatment method can be constructed.
- Example 1 Production of Hydroxyl Radical and Singlet Oxygen
- a phase interface reactor having the configuration shown in FIG. 1 was prepared. Two UV lamps having a wavelength of 185 nm and an output of 0.16 W were used, and two lamps having a wavelength of 254 nm and an output of 1.6 W were used.
- the sample stand for mounting the hole slide glass mentioned later was installed in reaction container.
- a plasma generator ozone generator
- oxygen plasma ozone
- mist mist
- the humidity in the reaction vessel was 50%. In this state, a UV lamp was irradiated.
- the product hydroxy radicals and singlet oxygen were observed by ESR-spin trapping method.
- Spin trapping agents include 0.3M aqueous solution (500 ⁇ L) of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO; Labotech), and 2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-3-pyrroline-3 -Carboxamide (TPC; Sigma-Aldrich) 0.5M aqueous solution (500 ⁇ L) was dropped onto a hole slide glass and placed on a sample stage in a reaction vessel.
- ESR was measured at room temperature using JFS-FA100 manufactured by JEOL.
- the ESR spectrum of each spin trap agent was measured after supplying oxygen plasma (ozone) at 4 L / min and ultraviolet irradiation for 10 minutes.
- the spectra are shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), respectively.
- the concentration of DMPO-OH obtained from these 9 ⁇ 10 -3 mM, the TPC-1 O 2 concentration was 15mM and high concentration.
- the reaction was carried out in the same manner while changing the ultraviolet irradiation time (the ozone supply amount was 4 L / min for 2 minutes). Thereafter, the concentration of the spin adduct (TPC- 1 O 2 ) was measured in the same manner.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 5 is an ultraviolet irradiation time (UV Irradiation Time (min)) , the concentration of the vertical axis spin adduct (Spin Adduct (TPC- 1 O 2 ) (mM)). It can be seen that the longer the ultraviolet irradiation time, the greater the amount of spin adduct (singlet oxygen) generated, and the ultraviolet irradiation promotes the generation of singlet oxygen.
- the reaction was carried out in the same manner by changing the supply amount of oxygen plasma (ozone) (ozone supply rate was 4 L / min. UV irradiation time was 1 minute). Thereafter, the concentration of the spin adduct (TPC- 1 O 2 ) was measured in the same manner.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis ozone supply (introduction) of FIG. 6 Introduced Ozone volume (L)
- the vertical axis represents the concentration of the spin adduct (Spin Adduct (TPC- 1 O 2 ) (mM)). It can be seen that the greater the amount of ozone supplied, the greater the amount of singlet oxygen produced (substantially proportional). This is presumably because the chain reactions of the above formulas (1) to (4) proceed in the reaction field.
- the reaction was carried out in the same manner by changing the humidity (relative humidity) in the reaction vessel. Thereafter, the concentration (generation amount) of the spin adduct (TPC- 1 O 2 ) was measured in the same manner.
- the results are shown in FIG. 7 as relative values when the humidity is 50% and 100 (%). It can be seen that singlet oxygen is produced at a high concentration when the humidity is in the range of 40 to 70%, particularly 50% and 60%.
- the water (or aqueous solution) in the reaction atmosphere (the space in the reaction vessel) exists as a gas (water vapor) and as a dispersed liquid (mist). Therefore, the humidity value is not a value that completely reflects the amount of water in the atmosphere, but is also an index of the amount of water present.
- Example 2 Synthesis of Ammonia
- a phase interface reaction apparatus having the configuration of FIG. The same UV lamp as in Example 1 was used.
- Nitrogen gas (purity: 99.99% or more) was supplied to a plasma generator (for generating nitrogen plasma), discharged at a voltage of 6 kV, and nitrogen plasma was supplied into the reaction vessel.
- a plasma generator for generating nitrogen plasma
- nitrogen plasma was supplied into the reaction vessel.
- 20 ml of ultrapure water was put into a petri dish having a diameter of 13 cm (aqueous phase surface area: 132 cm 2 ), and mist (misty water) was generated in the reaction vessel by a heater. It heated with the heater so that the temperature in reaction container might be 40 degreeC.
- the humidity in the reaction vessel was 50%.
- the UV lamp was irradiated on the surface of the aqueous phase for 10 minutes.
- This system is referred to as “N plasma phase / water phase + UV irradiation”.
- the amount of ammonia produced in the aqueous phase was accurately quantified by the standard substance calibration method by coloring the petri dish aqueous phase by the “indophenol blue coloration method”, measuring its absorbance.
- the "N plasma phase / aqueous phase + UV irradiation” system was supplied with nitrogen gas instead of nitrogen plasma “N 2 gas phase / aqueous phase + UV irradiation”, and the “N plasma phase / aqueous phase + UV irradiation” This was also carried out for both of the systems “N plasma phase / water phase” where UV irradiation was not performed, and the amount of ammonia produced was examined.
- FIG. 8 shows a comparison of the amount of ammonia produced by three systems of “N plasma phase / water phase + UV irradiation”, “N 2 gas phase / water phase + UV irradiation”, and “N plasma phase / water phase”. .
- N plasma phase / water phase + UV irradiation As is clear from FIG. 8, in the “N plasma phase / water phase + UV irradiation” system, it was confirmed that overwhelmingly more ammonia was produced than in the other two systems. This result shows that, in ammonia synthesis, a method in which nitrogen gas is put into a plasma state and UV is irradiated in an environment in contact with an aqueous phase is superior.
- the energy required for synthesizing 170 ⁇ g of ammonia in the rightmost bar graph of FIG. 8 is only silent discharge for generating nitrogen plasma and ultraviolet irradiation power to the reaction interface, and its amount is very small, 5 Wh or less.
- Example 3 Oxidation treatment of organic compound
- a phase interface reaction apparatus having the configuration of FIG.
- 20 ml of an indole aqueous solution aqueous solution containing 3 wt% indole
- the petri dish in this experiment is a container different from the heated container heated by the heater.
- the same UV lamp as in Example 1 was used.
- the supply amount of oxygen plasma (ozone) was 4 L / min, as in Example 1.
- Oxygen plasma (ozone) was generated under the condition of a silent discharger voltage of 6 kV.
- Fog (misty water) was generated in the reaction vessel with a heater, and heated with a heater so that the temperature in the reaction vessel was 40 ° C. The humidity in the reaction vessel was 50%. In this state, UV irradiation was performed for 10 minutes using a UV lamp. The indole aqueous solution in the petri dish was continuously stirred using a stirrer.
- Oxygen plasma was generated in the form of (C) dispersed aqueous phase shown in FIG.
- the reaction field of indole is “oxyd plasma phase / dispersed water phase / indole dissolved in water solvent”.
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- FIG. 9 shows NMR spectra of indole before and after the treatment with active oxygen generated by the phase interface reaction.
- Example 4 Metal Surface Oxidation Treatment Similar to Example 1, a phase interface reaction apparatus having the configuration of FIG. A plate made of pure copper (hereinafter referred to as a copper plate) having a width of 5 mm, a length of 20 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm, which has been previously cleaned by degreasing using polishing, acid treatment, and an organic solvent, is used for the above phase interface reaction apparatus. I put it inside. The same UV lamp as in Example 1 was used. The supply amount of oxygen plasma (ozone) was 4 L / min, as in Example 1. Oxygen plasma (ozone) was generated under the condition of a silent discharger voltage of 6 kV.
- ozone oxygen plasma
- Fog (misty water) was generated in the reaction vessel with a heater, and heated with a heater so that the temperature in the reaction vessel was 40 ° C. The humidity in the reaction vessel was 50%. In this state, UV irradiation was performed for 5 minutes using a UV lamp.
- Oxygen plasma was generated in the form of (C) dispersed aqueous phase shown in FIG.
- the reaction field of the copper plate is “oxygen plasma phase / dispersed water phase / copper plate”.
- FIG. 10 shows an ATR total reflection FTIR spectrum of the surface of a copper plate treated with active oxygen generated by a phase interface reaction.
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Abstract
Description
O3+hν(UV)→3O2+O (1)
O+H2O+hν(UV)→2HO・ (2)
[相界面反応装置]
図1に示すように、本発明の一実施の形態に係る相界面反応装置10は、反応容器11、プラズマ供給手段の一例であるプラズマ発生装置12、霧化手段の一例である加熱器13、及び紫外線照射手段の一例であるUVランプ14を主に備えている。
(A)平水相(平界面の一種)
プラズマ状の物質は、容器に入れられた水の表面において反応する。
(B)傾斜平水相(平界面の一種)
プラズマ状の物質は、傾斜面を流れる水の表面において反応する。
(C)分散水相
プラズマ状の物質は、容器内に霧状に分散する水蒸気の表面にて反応する。
(D)滴下水相
プラズマ状の物質は、容器内に滴下される水滴の表面にて反応する。
(E)水中相
プラズマ状の物質は、容器を満たす水若しくは容器内に配置される水槽中の水にバブリングされ、その泡の表面にて水と反応する。
相界面反応装置10の使用方法(相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法)は、反応容器11中にプラズマ状の物質を供給するプラズマ供給工程と、反応容器11中に、水又は水溶液を供給する水・水溶液供給工程と、反応容器11中のプラズマ状の物質に紫外線を照射する紫外線照射工程とを有し、反応容器11中でプラズマ状の物質と水又は水溶液に含まれる溶質とを相界面で反応させるものである。
プラズマ供給工程では、プラズマ発生装置12を稼動させることにより、反応容器11中にプラズマ状の物質を供給する。ここで、プラズマ発生装置12に酸素ガス(酸素分子)を供給すると、酸素プラズマ(プラズマ状の酸素)として、オゾン(O3)及び酸素原子(O)、その他、酸素分子や電離したイオンや電子等の混合物が、配管18を通して、反応容器11に供給される。プラズマ発生装置12に窒素ガス(窒素分子)を供給すると、窒素プラズマ(プラズマ状の窒素)として、窒素原子(N)、その他窒素分子や電離したイオンや電子等の混合物が反応容器11に供給される。また、プラズマ発生装置12に二酸化炭素を供給すると、酸化炭素プラズマ(プラズマ状の酸化炭素)として、一酸化炭素、炭素原子、酸素原子、二酸化炭素、その他イオンや電子等の混合物が反応容器11に供給される。なお、プラズマ状態で反応容器11に供給される物質は、これら等の無機物に限定されるものではなく、その他有機物(炭化水素、アルコール、アンモニア等)であってもよい。さらに、1種のみの物質をプラズマ化してもよいし、2種以上の物質の混合物(例えば、空気等)をプラズマ化して反応容器11に供給してもよい。
水・水溶液供給工程では、プラズマ発生装置12から供給されたプラズマ状の物質と接触させる水又は水溶液を反応容器11内に供給する。供給方法は、図3を参照して説明したように、多種方法があり、特に限定されるものではない。例えば、水・水溶液供給工程を、反応容器11中に霧状の水又は水溶液を発生させる霧化工程とする場合には、次のような工程となる。
霧化工程では、加熱器13を稼動させ、反応容器11中に霧(霧状の水又は霧状の水溶液)を発生させる。すなわち、加熱器13により被加熱容器19中の水(又は水溶液)Xが温度上昇し、揮発し、凝固することで、空中で分散した微小液滴となる。加熱器13の加熱温度(反応容器11内の室温)としては、特に限定されないが、30℃以上50℃以下が好ましく、35℃以上45℃以下がより好ましい。上記温度範囲で加熱することで、相界面反応に好適な霧を発生させることができる。温度が高すぎると、霧粒子が拡大して反応効率が低下することや、飽和水蒸気量の上昇を上回る量の揮発が生じ、湿度が100%に達し多量の結露が生じることなどがある。
紫外線照射工程では、プラズマ発生装置12から供給された反応容器11中のプラズマ状の物質に紫外線を照射する。紫外線はUVランプ14により照射される。この紫外線照射は、好ましくは、反応容器11中の湿度(相対湿度)が100%未満の状態で行われる。湿度が100%の場合は、反応場(空中及び壁面等)に多量に存在する水分子への支配的な紫外線吸収が生じることなどにより、反応効率が低い。また、非飽和水蒸気条件下で行うことで、反応生成物を基本的にガス状で全て取り出すことができる。この紫外線照射の際の反応容器11内の湿度としては、40%以上70%以下が好ましく、45%以上65%以下がより好ましい。湿度が低すぎる場合は、反応場(反応容器11内の空中)に分散して存在する水量が減り、生成量が低下する。湿度が高すぎる場合は、水への紫外線吸収量が高まる傾向があり、また、100%に達しない場合であっても局所的に多量の結露が生じやすくなる。紫外線照射の時間としては、特に限定されず、プラズマや水分量等に応じて適宜設定される。照射時間としては、例えば0.1分以上30分以下とすることができる。
O3+hν(UV)→3O2+O (1)
O+H2O+hν(UV)→2HO・ (2)
3O2+HO・→HOOO・ (3)
HOOO・+hν(UV)→1O2+HO・ (4)
すなわち、背景技術にも記載した(1)、(2)の反応によりヒドロキシラジカル(OH・ラジカル)が生じ、(3)、(4)の反応によりさらに一重項酸素が生じる。ヒドロキシラジカルおよび一重項酸素は、相界面反応により生成した反応生成物の一例である。
二次反応生成物製造方法は、上述の相界面反応により生成した反応生成物と別の物質とを反応させて二次反応生成物を製造する方法である。ここで、反応生成物は、酸素プラズマと水との相界面反応を行った場合には、ヒドロキシラジカル、一重項酸素(活性酸素の一種)などを意味する。また、例えば、窒素プラズマと水との相界面反応を行った場合には、反応生成物はアンモニアを意味する。相界面反応は、前述の(A)平水相(平界面の一種)、(B)傾斜平水相(平界面の一種)、(C)分散水相、(D)滴下水相または(E)水中相のいずれの様態(図3を参照)で行われても良い。別の物質は、上記反応生成物と反応可能な物質であれば特に制約はない。別の物質は、例えば、有機化合物あるいは無機化合物(金属も含まれる)を含む。反応生成物が活性酸素などの別の物質を酸化する性質のものである場合、別の物質は、酸素付加化合物あるいは酸素付加物質と称しても良い。
図1の構成を有する相界面反応装置を用意した。UVランプとしては、波長185nm出力0.16Wのものを2本、及び波長254nm、出力1.6Wのものを2本用いた。なお、後述するホールスライドガラスを載置するためのサンプル台を反応容器中に設置した。プラズマ発生装置(オゾン発生装置)を6kVで放電し、酸素プラズマ(オゾン)を反応容器に供給し、加熱器により霧(霧状の水)を反応容器内に発生させた。反応容器内の温度が40℃となるよう、加熱器により加熱した。また、反応容器内の湿度は50%であった。この状態でUVランプを照射した。
実施例1と同様、図1の構成を有する相界面反応装置を用意した。UVランプには、実施例1と同様のものを用いた。窒素ガス(純度:99.99%以上)をプラズマ発生装置(窒素プラズマ発生用)に供給して、電圧6kVで放電させ、窒素プラズマを反応容器内に供給した。一方、直径13cm(水相表面積: 132cm2)のシャーレに超純水20mlを入れて、加熱器により霧(霧状の水)を反応容器内に発生させた。反応容器内の温度が40℃となるように、加熱器により加熱した。また、反応容器内の湿度は50%であった。この状態でUVランプを水相表面に10分間照射した。この系を、「Nプラズマ相/水相+UV照射」と称する。水相に生成したアンモニア量は、シャーレ水相を「インドフェノール青色呈色法」により呈色させ、その吸光度を測定し、標準物質検量法により正確に定量化した。
実施例1と同様、図1の構成を有する相界面反応装置を用意した。直径13cm(水相表面積: 132cm2)のシャーレに、インドールの水溶液(インドール3wt%含有水溶液)20mlを注ぎ、そのシャーレを、上記相界面反応装置の中に入れた。この実験におけるシャーレは、加熱器で加熱される被加熱容器とは別の容器である。UVランプには、実施例1と同様のものを用いた。酸素プラズマ(オゾン)の供給量は、実施例1と同様、4L/minとした。酸素プラズマ(オゾン)は、無声放電器の電圧:6kVの条件で発生させた。加熱器により霧(霧状の水)を反応容器内に発生させ、反応容器内の温度が40℃となるよう、加熱器により加熱した。また、反応容器内の湿度は50%であった。この状態で、UVランプを用いてUV照射を10分間行った。シャーレ内のインドール水溶液を、スターラーを用いて継続的に攪拌した。
実施例1と同様、図1の構成を有する相界面反応装置を用意した。予め、研磨、酸処理、有機溶媒を用いて脱脂による清浄化を行った幅5mm×長さ20mm×厚さ0.5mmの純銅製の板(以後、銅板という)を、上記相界面反応装置の中に入れた。UVランプには、実施例1と同様のものを用いた。酸素プラズマ(オゾン)の供給量は、実施例1と同様、4L/minとした。酸素プラズマ(オゾン)は、無声放電器の電圧:6kVの条件で発生させた。加熱器により霧(霧状の水)を反応容器内に発生させ、反応容器内の温度が40℃となるよう、加熱器により加熱した。また、反応容器内の湿度は50%であった。この状態で、UVランプを用いてUV照射を5分間行った。
Claims (12)
- 反応容器中にプラズマ状の物質を供給するプラズマ供給工程と、
前記反応容器中に、水又は水溶液を供給する水・水溶液供給工程と、
前記反応容器中の前記プラズマ状の物質に紫外線を照射する紫外線照射工程と、
を有し、
前記反応容器中で前記プラズマ状の物質と前記水又は前記水溶液に含まれる溶質とを相界面で反応させる相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法において、前記水・水溶液供給工程を、前記反応容器中に霧状の水又は水溶液を発生させる霧化工程とし、
前記紫外線照射工程を、前記反応容器中の湿度が100%未満の状態で、前記反応容器中の前記プラズマ状の物質に紫外線を照射する工程とすることを特徴とする、相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法。 - 請求項2記載の相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法において、前記紫外線照射工程の際の前記反応容器中の湿度が40%以上70%以下であることを特徴とする、相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法。
- 請求項2又は3記載の相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法において、前記霧化工程を前記水又は水溶液の前記反応容器内での加熱により行うことを特徴とする、相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法において、前記物質が酸素、窒素及び酸化炭素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことを特徴とする、相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法。
- 請求項5記載の相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法において、前記物質が窒素を含み、
前記相界面での反応で生成したアンモニアを分解させる分解反応工程をさらに有することを特徴とする、相界面反応を用いた反応生成物製造方法。 - 反応容器と、
該反応容器中にプラズマ状の物質を供給するプラズマ供給手段と、
前記反応容器中に、水又は水溶液を供給する水・水溶液供給手段と、
前記反応容器中の前記プラズマ状の物質に紫外線を照射する紫外線照射手段と、
を備え、
前記反応容器中で前記プラズマ状の物質と前記水又は前記水溶液に含まれる溶質とを相界面で反応させる相界面反応装置。 - 請求項7に記載の相界面反応装置において、前記水・水溶液供給手段を、前記反応容器中に霧状の水又は水溶液を湿度制御可能に発生させる霧化手段とし、
前記反応容器中で前記プラズマ状の物質と前記霧状の水又は前記霧状の水溶液に含まれる溶質とを相界面で反応させることを特徴とする相界面反応装置。 - 請求項8記載の相界面反応装置において、前記霧化手段が前記水又は水溶液の加熱器であり、該加熱器は前記反応容器内に配置されていることを特徴とする相界面反応装置。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の相界面反応により生成した反応生成物を別の物質と反応させて二次反応生成物を製造する二次反応生成物製造方法。
- 請求項10に記載の二次反応生成物製造方法において、前記相界面反応により生成した前記反応生成物が活性酸素またはヒドロキシラジカルを含むことを特徴とする、二次反応生成物製造方法。
- 請求項7~9のいずれか1項に記載の相界面反応装置において、前記反応容器またはその外部にて、前記プラズマ状の物質と前記水又は前記水溶液に含まれる溶質との相界面反応により生成した反応生成物を別の物質と反応させて二次反応生成物を製造する相界面反応装置。
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