WO2015182524A1 - シンチレータパネル、放射線画像検出装置およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
シンチレータパネル、放射線画像検出装置およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015182524A1 WO2015182524A1 PCT/JP2015/064780 JP2015064780W WO2015182524A1 WO 2015182524 A1 WO2015182524 A1 WO 2015182524A1 JP 2015064780 W JP2015064780 W JP 2015064780W WO 2015182524 A1 WO2015182524 A1 WO 2015182524A1
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- phosphor
- scintillator panel
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- phosphor layer
- layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K4/00—Conversion screens for the conversion of the spatial distribution of X-rays or particle radiation into visible images, e.g. fluoroscopic screens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a scintillator panel, a radiation image detection apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- radiographic images using a film have been widely used in the medical field.
- digital radiography such as computed radiography (CR) and flat panel type radiation detectors (hereinafter referred to as “FPD”) has been adopted.
- CR computed radiography
- FPD flat panel type radiation detectors
- a scintillator panel is used to convert radiation into visible light.
- the scintillator panel includes a phosphor layer containing a phosphor such as cesium iodide (CsI) or gadolinium oxysulfide (GOS) as a component, and the phosphor emits visible light according to the irradiated radiation.
- CsI cesium iodide
- GOS gadolinium oxysulfide
- the emitted light is converted into an electrical signal by a TFT or CCD, thereby converting the radiation information into digital image information.
- a method for forming the phosphor layer As a method for forming the phosphor layer, a method of using a paste-like phosphor powder coating film as a phosphor layer is simple, but the phosphor emission light is scattered inside the coating film, resulting in a sharp image. The property was extremely low. For this reason, in order to suppress the scattering of the emitted light of the phosphor and to use the emitted light with high efficiency, a phosphor layer made of a large particle size phosphor and a phosphor layer made of a small particle size phosphor are provided.
- Patent Document 1 A method of alternately arranging (Patent Document 1), a method of providing partition walls for partitioning phosphor layers (Patent Documents 2 to 4), and forming a phosphor having a columnar crystal structure such as CsI by vapor deposition.
- Methods for improving the S / N ratio by guiding emitted light to a TFT or CCD have been proposed.
- JP 2003-215253 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-60871 JP 2011-188148 A JP 2011-007552 A JP 2012-242355 A JP 2013-117547 A
- the method of alternately providing layers having different phosphor particle diameters or the method of providing partition walls cannot sufficiently suppress the scattering of the emitted light of the phosphor, and the emitted light having the required intensity cannot be obtained.
- the method of using CsI or the like having a columnar crystal structure as a phosphor layer has been regarded as a problem that the chemical stability of the columnar crystal structure is low and the panel image quality is liable to be deteriorated due to contamination by foreign substances.
- the present invention provides a highly reliable scintillator capable of significantly suppressing scattering of the emitted light of the phosphor by a simple method and obtaining an image with excellent sharpness by obtaining the emitted light having a necessary and sufficient intensity.
- the purpose is to provide a panel.
- a scintillator panel comprising a substrate and a phosphor layer containing phosphor powder, wherein the phosphor layer has a plurality of depressions on a surface, and an area A of the opening of the depression is 500 to 70000 ⁇ m. 2.
- Radiation image detection device comprising the above scintillator panel.
- a method for manufacturing a radiation image detection apparatus comprising: the scintillator panel described above; and a detection substrate including a photoelectric conversion element facing the dent of the scintillator panel, wherein (A) the dent and the photoelectric conversion element
- a method for manufacturing a radiological image detection apparatus comprising: an alignment step of: and (B) a bonding step of the scintillator panel and the detection substrate.
- the scattering of the emitted light of the phosphor is remarkably suppressed by a simple method, and an extremely high-definition image can be realized by ensuring the necessary and sufficient intensity of emitted light.
- An excellent scintillator panel can be provided.
- the scintillator panel of the present invention comprises a substrate and a phosphor layer containing phosphor powder, the phosphor layer has a plurality of depressions on the surface, and the area A of the opening of the depression is 500 to 500. 70000 ⁇ m 2, the thickness T of the phosphor layer, and the depth D of the recess above the D / T is the ratio of, and being 0.1 to 0.9.
- the radiation image detection apparatus 1 includes a scintillator panel 2, a detection substrate 3, and a power supply unit 13.
- the scintillator panel 2 includes a substrate 4 and a phosphor layer 7 containing phosphor powder formed on the substrate 4.
- the phosphor layer 7 has a plurality of indentations on the surface.
- the detection substrate 3 has, on a substrate 12, a photoelectric conversion layer 10 in which pixels composed of photoelectric conversion elements and TFTs are two-dimensionally formed, and an output layer 11.
- the radiation image detection apparatus 1 is configured by adhering or bringing the light exit surface of the scintillator panel 2 and the photoelectric conversion layer 10 of the detection substrate 3 into contact with each other via the adhesive layer 9.
- the pixels of the photoelectric conversion element correspond to one or more indentations on the surface of the phosphor layer.
- One depression may correspond to one pixel, and two or more depressions may correspond to one pixel. It is preferable that the number of depressions in the phosphor layer corresponding to one pixel of the photoelectric conversion element is uniform.
- Radiation incident on the radiation image detection device 1 is absorbed by the phosphor contained in the phosphor layer 7 and radiates visible light.
- the light emitted from the phosphor in this way is hereinafter referred to as “phosphor emission light”.
- the emitted light of the phosphor that has reached the photoelectric conversion layer 10 is photoelectrically converted by the photoelectric conversion layer 10 and output as an electric signal through the output layer 11.
- Examples of the material for the substrate of the scintillator panel include glass, ceramics, semiconductors, polymer compounds, and metals having radiation transparency.
- Examples of the glass include quartz, borosilicate glass, and chemically tempered glass.
- Examples of the ceramic include sapphire, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide.
- Examples of the semiconductor include silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, and gallium nitrogen.
- Examples of the polymer compound include cellulose acetate, polyester, polyamide, polyimide, triacetate, polycarbonate, and carbon fiber reinforced resin.
- Examples of the metal include aluminum, iron, copper, and metal oxide.
- substrate is preferable 2.0 mm or less, and 1.0 mm or less is more preferable.
- a substrate having a high reflectance is preferable in order to use light emitted from the phosphor with high efficiency.
- Preferred materials for the substrate include glass or a polymer compound.
- a particularly preferable example is a highly reflective polyester substrate.
- a white polyester substrate containing voids is more preferable because of its high radiation transparency and low specific gravity.
- the phosphor layer contains phosphor powder.
- the phosphor powder refers to a phosphor having an average particle diameter D50 of 40 ⁇ m or less.
- the phosphor include CsI, CsBr, Gd 2 O 2 S (hereinafter “GOS”), Gd 2 SiO 5 , BiGe 3 O 12 , CaWO 4 , Lu 2 O 2 S, Y 2 O 2 S, LaCl. 3, LaBr 3, LaI 3, CeBr 3, CeI 3 or LuSiO 5 and the like.
- an activator may be added to the phosphor.
- the activator examples include sodium (Na), indium (In), thallium (Tl), lithium (Li), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), sodium (Na), terbium (Tb), and cerium (Ce). ), Europium (Eu) or praseodymium (Pr), and Tb-activated GOS (GOS: Tb) in which Tb is added to GOS is preferable because it has high chemical stability and high luminous efficiency.
- the phosphor powder is preferably spherical, flat or rod-like.
- the average particle diameter D50 of the phosphor is preferably 0.1 to 40 ⁇ m, more preferably 1.0 to 25 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 1.0 to 20 ⁇ m.
- D50 is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, sufficient light emission may not be obtained due to phosphor surface defects.
- D50 exceeds 40 ⁇ m, the variation in detection intensity for each photoelectric conversion element is large, and a clear image may not be obtained.
- the average particle diameter D50 of the phosphor powder was measured using a particle size distribution measuring device (for example, MT3300; manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.), and the phosphor powder was put into a sample chamber filled with water and subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 300 seconds. Later measurements can be made.
- a particle size distribution measuring device for example, MT3300; manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- the phosphor layer has a plurality of indentations on its surface.
- the surface of the phosphor layer refers to a surface located on the opposite side of the substrate in the phosphor layer. Due to the depressions in the phosphor layer, the emitted light of the phosphor can be condensed there, and scattering of the emitted light can be suppressed, so that a clearer image can be obtained. In addition, since the phosphor layer has a depression, light absorption by the phosphor until the emitted light of the phosphor reaches the photoelectric conversion layer is reduced, and the emitted light can be used with high efficiency.
- Examples of the shape of the indentation included in the phosphor layer include those shown in FIG. 1 or FIGS.
- the depression of the phosphor layer needs to have an opening area A of 500 to 70000 ⁇ m 2 . If the area A is less than 500 ⁇ m 2 , the emitted light of the phosphor cannot be collected by the indentation, and scattering of the emitted light cannot be suppressed. On the other hand, when the area A exceeds 70000 ⁇ m 2 , the indentation becomes larger than the pixel size of the photoelectric conversion element, resulting in variations in the detected light amount for each pixel, and thus a clear image cannot be obtained.
- the area A can be obtained by analyzing an image obtained by scanning the phosphor layer from the direction perpendicular to the substrate at a magnification of 20 using a laser microscope (for example, VK-9500; manufactured by Keyence Corporation). . More specifically, in the scanned image, five indentations are selected at random, and the mathematically required length (for example, the shape of the opening is determined to determine the area according to the shape of each opening). If it is a perfect circle, its diameter; if the shape of the opening is square, the length of one side) is measured, and after calculating the area of each opening, an average value of five points is calculated and obtained. be able to.
- a laser microscope for example, VK-9500; manufactured by Keyence Corporation
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one aspect of the scintillator panel of the present invention.
- a phosphor layer 7 having a thickness T is formed on the substrate 4.
- the phosphor layer 7 has a plurality of indentations on the surface.
- W be the maximum width of the opening of the recess
- D be the depth.
- the pitch P is defined as an interval between the recesses adjacent to each other.
- the interval between adjacent recesses refers to the distance from the center point of an opening of a certain recess to the center point of the adjacent recess.
- the maximum width W of the recess opening is preferably 30 to 300 ⁇ m, more preferably 40 to 250 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 40 to 150 ⁇ m. If the maximum width W of the opening is less than 30 ⁇ m, the emitted light of the phosphor cannot be collected in the recess, and there is a case where a clear image cannot be obtained by suppressing scattering of the emitted light. On the other hand, when the maximum width W of the opening exceeds 300 ⁇ m, variation in the detected light amount for each pixel of the photoelectric conversion element occurs, so that a clear image may not be obtained.
- the maximum width W of the recess opening is analyzed using a laser microscope (for example, VK-9500; manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION) at an image magnification of 20 and scanning the phosphor layer vertically from the substrate. Can be obtained. More specifically, in the scanned image, five indentations are selected at random, and the mathematically required length corresponding to the shape of each opening (for example, if the shape of the opening is a perfect circle) , Its diameter; if the shape of the opening is square, it can be obtained by calculating an average value of 5 points for the length of the diagonal line).
- a laser microscope for example, VK-9500; manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION
- the thickness T of the phosphor layer is preferably 120 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 120 to 500 ⁇ m, and further preferably 120 to 350 ⁇ m. If the thickness T of the phosphor layer is less than 120 ⁇ m, the radiation cannot be sufficiently converted into visible light, and the emitted light having the required intensity may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the phosphor thickness T exceeds 1000 ⁇ m, the emitted light with the highest intensity of the phosphor present on the radiation irradiation side does not reach the photoelectric conversion layer. May not be used with high efficiency. Furthermore, a large amount of phosphor powder is required, which increases the cost of the scintillator panel.
- the thickness T of the phosphor layer can be measured by the following method. First, the phosphor layer is cut in a direction perpendicular to the substrate at a randomly selected position without a depression. Five cross-sections were selected at random from the image observed at a magnification of 20 using an optical microscope (for example, OPTISHOT; manufactured by Nikon Corporation), and the height of the phosphor layer at each measurement position. Measure. This operation is repeated 5 times, and the average value of all the obtained height values (5 ⁇ 5) is defined as the thickness T of the phosphor layer.
- OPTISHOT optical microscope
- the indentation depth D of the phosphor layer is obtained by scanning an image of the phosphor layer from the direction perpendicular to the substrate at a magnification of 20 using a laser microscope (for example, VK-9500; manufactured by Keyence Corporation). It can be obtained by analysis. More specifically, in the scanned image, randomly select five indentations and calculate the average distance from each opening to the deepest portion in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. D can be determined.
- the ratio D / T which is the ratio of the phosphor layer thickness T to the indentation depth D of the phosphor layer, needs to be 0.1 to 0.9, but is 0.2 to 0.8. Preferably there is.
- D / T is less than 0.1, radiation cannot be sufficiently converted into visible light, and luminescent light having a required intensity cannot be obtained. Further, the emitted light of the phosphor condensed in the recess leaks to the substrate side, does not reach the photoelectric conversion layer, and the use efficiency of the emitted light is reduced.
- D / T exceeds 0.9, the emitted light of the phosphor cannot be condensed in the dent, and scattering of the emitted light cannot be suppressed to obtain a clear image.
- the phosphor layer preferably has 500 to 50000 / cm 2 indentations on the surface, and more preferably has 1200 to 15000 / cm 2 indentations. If the number of indentations is less than 500 / cm 2 , the number of indentations in the phosphor layer corresponding to one pixel of the photoelectric conversion element varies widely, and a clear image may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the number of depressions exceeds 50,000 / cm 2 , the emitted light of the phosphor cannot be collected by the depressions, and the amount of the phosphor powder is further reduced. May not be obtained.
- the number of depressions in the phosphor layer is determined by analyzing an image obtained by scanning the phosphor layer from the vertical direction with respect to the substrate at a magnification of 20 using an optical microscope (for example, OPTISHOT; manufactured by Nikon Corporation). Can be sought. More specifically, in the scanned image, the number of indentations in a 1 mm 2 region selected at 10 random locations can be measured, and the average value can be converted into a value per 1 cm 2 .
- OPTISHOT optical microscope
- the pitch P between the recesses adjacent to each other may be appropriately changed according to the pitch of the corresponding photoelectric conversion element, but is preferably in the range of 50 to 350 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 50 to 280 ⁇ m. Moreover, it is preferable that the pitch P of adjacent dents is a fixed value within the said range. That is, the depressions of the phosphor layer are preferably arranged at regular intervals with a constant value in the range of 50 to 350 ⁇ m in order to make the number of depressions corresponding to one pixel of the photoelectric conversion element uniform. If the pitch P is less than 50 ⁇ m, the emitted light of the phosphor may not be collected due to the depression. On the other hand, when the pitch P exceeds 350 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to correspond one or more indentations per pixel of the photoelectric conversion element.
- the pitch P is more preferably a constant value in the range of 50 to 280 ⁇ m.
- the pitch P between the recesses adjacent to each other was analyzed using a laser microscope (for example, VK-9500; manufactured by Keyence Corporation), and an image obtained by scanning the phosphor layer from the upper direction perpendicular to the substrate at a magnification of 20 times. Can be obtained. More specifically, in the scanned image, the distance from the center point of the dent opening to the center point of the adjacent dent is measured at random 10 points, and the average value is calculated. To do.
- a laser microscope for example, VK-9500; manufactured by Keyence Corporation
- the shape of the recess of the phosphor layer is such that the area of the cross section of the recess in the horizontal direction with respect to the substrate is maximum at the opening, and the horizontal area does not change even when the depth D of the recess increases.
- the shape is preferably such that the area in the horizontal direction decreases as the depth D increases.
- the shape of the hollow which a fluorescent substance layer has the substantially cone shape etc. which have an opening part as a bottom face are preferable.
- substantially conical means that the shape of the indentation does not have to be a cone in the strict sense, and the bottom surface (indentation shape of the indentation) is an ellipse, or the apex (innermost shape of the indentation) Means that it may be rounded as shown in FIG. Since the recess has such a shape, the emitted light collected by the recess can be used with high efficiency without being confined in the recess.
- Examples of a method for forming a phosphor layer on a substrate include a method in which a paste containing phosphor powder, that is, a phosphor paste is applied on a substrate to form a coating film.
- a phosphor layer having a plurality of indentations on the surface can be obtained by forming indentations in the phosphor paste coating film thus obtained.
- Examples of the method of applying the phosphor paste for obtaining the coating film include a screen printing method, a bar coater, a roll coater, a die coater, and a blade coater.
- the phosphor paste may contain an organic binder.
- organic binders include, for example, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyethylene, polymethyl siloxane, polymethyl siloxane, and other silicone resins, polystyrene, butadiene / styrene copolymers, polystyrene, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyamide, high Examples thereof include molecular weight polyethers, copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, polyacrylamide or acrylic resins.
- the phosphor paste may contain an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent is a good solvent and preferably has a high hydrogen bonding force.
- organic solvents include diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether alcohol, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, terpineol, benzyl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, dihydroterpineol, Examples include ⁇ -butyrolactone, dihydroterpinyl acetate, 3-methoxy-3-methyl-methylbutanol, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, N, N-dimethylformamide, hexylene glycol or bromobenzoic acid.
- the phosphor paste may contain a thickener, a plasticizer or an anti-settling agent in order to adjust its viscosity.
- Examples of the method for forming a depression in the phosphor paste coating film include an etching method, a die press method, a sand blast method, and a photosensitive paste method.
- the method of pressing a mold having a convex pattern corresponding to the depression into the phosphor paste coating film using a press machine has a small number of steps, high selectivity of the phosphor paste material, and the depression is formed. This is preferable because impurities can be prevented from being mixed into the subsequent phosphor paste coating film.
- the material of the mold may be metal, ceramic, or resin, but transparent or white ceramic is preferable.
- the convex pattern formed on the mold corresponds to the depression as described above, it is formed in accordance with the shape and pitch of the intended depression. Specifically, it is preferable to form a convex pattern of the mold in accordance with the preferable shape and pitch of the depressions.
- a mold having a convex pattern formed on the phosphor paste coating film is preferably pressed at 0.1 to 100 MPa, more preferably 0.3 to 10 MPa. Furthermore, when pressing with a metal mold, heating to 25 to 200 ° C. can suitably form a dent in the phosphor paste coating film.
- the scintillator panel preferably further includes a partition wall that partitions the phosphor layer into a plurality of cells.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a radiological image detection apparatus including a scintillator panel having a partition wall.
- a scintillator panel 2 shown in FIG. 7 includes a substrate 4, a partition wall 6 placed on the substrate 4, and a phosphor layer 7 partitioned into a plurality of cells by the partition wall 6.
- the phosphor layer 7 also has a plurality of indentations.
- a buffer layer 5 is preferably formed between the substrate 4 and the partition wall 6.
- the partition wall 6 can be stably formed.
- the emitted light of the phosphor powder contained in the phosphor layer 7 can reach the photoelectric conversion layer 10 on the detection substrate 3 with high efficiency. it can.
- the phosphor light contained in the phosphor layer 7 can be efficiently converted into photoelectric conversion of the detection substrate 3.
- Layer 10 can be reached.
- the phosphor layer is partitioned by the partition walls, the size and pitch of the pixels of the photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a lattice pattern on the detection substrate 3 and the size and pitch of the cells partitioned by the partition walls of the scintillator panel 2
- the photoelectric conversion elements By arranging the photoelectric conversion elements in the photoelectric conversion layer 10 so as to correspond to each other, it is possible to prevent the scattering of the emitted light of the phosphor from affecting adjacent cells.
- the height h of the partition wall is preferably 120 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 160 to 500 ⁇ m. When the height h exceeds 1000 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to form partition walls. On the other hand, if the height h is less than 120 ⁇ m, the amount of the phosphor powder decreases, so that emitted light having a required intensity may not be obtained.
- the shape of the partition wall may be appropriately selected according to the shape of the pixel of the photoelectric conversion element provided in the detection substrate, but a lattice shape as shown in FIG. 8 is preferable.
- Examples of the shape of the openings of the cells partitioned in a lattice shape include a square, a rectangle, a parallelogram, and a trapezoid, but a square is preferable because the intensity of emitted light becomes more uniform.
- the pitch P ′ which is the distance between the partition walls adjacent to each other, is preferably 50 to 1000 ⁇ m. If the pitch P ′ is less than 50 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to form partition walls. On the other hand, if the pitch P ′ exceeds 1000 ⁇ m, a clear image may not be obtained.
- the width Wb of the bottom of the partition wall is preferably 15 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the width Wm at the 50% height of the partition wall is preferably 15 to 120 ⁇ m.
- the width Ws at the 75% height of the partition wall and the top width Wt of the partition wall are preferably 80 ⁇ m or less.
- the width Wb and the width Wm are less than 15 ⁇ m, the partition wall is easily damaged.
- the width Wb exceeds 150 ⁇ m or the width Wm exceeds 120 ⁇ m, the amount of the phosphor powder decreases, so that emitted light having a required intensity may not be obtained.
- the width Wb is the width of the partition at a position where the partition and the substrate or the buffer layer are in contact with each other in a cross section when the partition is cut in the height direction and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- the lattice-shaped partition wall is cut at a half position of the pitch P ′.
- the width Wm refers to the width of the partition wall at a position where the height is 50% of the height h of the partition wall in the same cross section.
- the width Ws refers to the width of the partition wall at a position where the height is 75% of the height h of the partition wall in the same cross section.
- the width Wt refers to the width of the partition wall at a position where the height is 90% of the height h of the partition wall in the same cross section.
- the height h, the width Wb, the width Wm, the width Ws, and the width Wt can be obtained by observing the cross section of the partition wall with an SEM, measuring three or more locations, and calculating an average value thereof.
- the cross section of the partition wall has a shape in which the width is attenuated from the bottom to the top of the partition in order to efficiently allow the emitted light of the phosphor to reach the photoelectric conversion layer, that is, as shown in FIGS.
- a taper shape is preferred.
- the material for the partition examples include resins such as acrylic resin, polyester resin, and epoxy resin, glass, and metal. From the viewpoint of productivity and mechanical strength, it is preferable to use glass as a main component.
- glass as a main component means that the ratio of glass in the partition walls is 60% by mass or more. The ratio is more preferably 70% by mass or more.
- Examples of the method for forming the partition include an etching method, a screen printing method, a sand blast method, a mold transfer method, and a photosensitive paste method.
- the photosensitive paste method is preferable.
- a photosensitive paste containing a photosensitive organic component is applied onto a substrate to form a photosensitive paste coating film, and the resulting photosensitive paste coating film is formed into a desired opening.
- a partition wall forming method comprising: an exposure step of exposing through a photomask having a portion; and a development step of dissolving and removing a portion soluble in the developer of the photosensitive paste coating film after exposure.
- the photosensitive paste contains a low-melting glass powder
- the photosensitive paste pattern after the development process is heated to a high temperature to decompose and distill off the organic components, and the low-melting glass is softened and sintered. It is also preferable to further include a firing step for forming.
- the heating temperature in the firing step is preferably 500 to 700 ° C, more preferably 500 to 650 ° C.
- the heating temperature is 500 ° C. or higher, the organic components are completely decomposed and distilled, and the low-melting glass powder is softened and sintered.
- the heating temperature exceeds 700 ° C., deformation of the substrate or the like may increase.
- the photosensitive paste preferably contains an organic component and an inorganic powder.
- the proportion of the inorganic powder in the photosensitive paste is preferably 30 to 80% by mass, and more preferably 40 to 70% by mass.
- the proportion of the inorganic powder is less than 30% by mass, that is, when the organic component is excessive, the shrinkage rate in the firing step increases, and the partition wall is easily damaged.
- the content of the inorganic powder exceeds 80% by mass, that is, if the organic component is too small, not only the stability and applicability of the photosensitive paste are adversely affected, but also the dispersibility of the inorganic powder is reduced. Therefore, the partition wall is easily damaged.
- the proportion of the low-melting glass powder in the inorganic powder is preferably 50 to 100% by mass. When the ratio of the low melting point glass powder is less than 50% by mass, the sintering may be insufficient and the strength of the partition may be lowered.
- the softening temperature of the low melting point glass powder is preferably 480 ° C. or higher.
- the softening temperature of the low melting point glass is preferably 480 to 700 ° C, more preferably 480 to 640 ° C, and further preferably 480 to 620 ° C.
- the softening temperature of the low-melting-point glass is the endothermic end temperature at the endothermic peak from the DTA curve obtained by measuring the sample using a differential thermal analyzer (for example, differential type differential thermal balance TG8120; manufactured by Rigaku Corporation). It can be calculated by extrapolation by the tangent method. More specifically, the differential thermal analyzer is heated from room temperature at 20 ° C./min using alumina powder as a standard sample, and the low-melting glass powder as a measurement sample is measured to obtain a DTA curve. From the obtained DTA curve, the softening point Ts obtained by extrapolating the endothermic end temperature at the endothermic peak by the tangential method can be used as the softening temperature of the low melting point glass.
- a differential thermal analyzer for example, differential type differential thermal balance TG8120; manufactured by Rigaku Corporation. It can be calculated by extrapolation by the tangent method. More specifically, the differential thermal analyzer is heated from room temperature at 20 ° C./min using
- the thermal expansion coefficient of the low melting glass is preferably 40 to 90 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K).
- the thermal expansion coefficient exceeds 90 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K)
- the resulting scintillator panel warps and the sharpness of the image may decrease due to crosstalk of emitted light.
- the thermal expansion coefficient is less than 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K)
- the softening temperature of the low-melting glass may not be sufficiently lowered.
- Examples of the component for lowering the melting point of glass include lead oxide, bismuth oxide, zinc oxide, and alkali metal oxide. It is preferable to adjust the softening temperature of the low-melting glass by the content ratio of the alkali metal oxide selected from the group consisting of lithium oxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide.
- the proportion of the alkali metal oxide in the low melting point glass is preferably 2 to 20% by mass. If the proportion of the alkali metal oxide is less than 2% by mass, the softening temperature of the low-melting glass becomes high, and heating at a high temperature is necessary in the baking process, which may cause the substrate to be distorted or the partition to be damaged. Easy to do. On the other hand, when the ratio of the alkali metal oxide exceeds 20% by mass, the viscosity of the low-melting glass is excessively lowered in the baking step, and the shape of the obtained partition wall is likely to be distorted. Moreover, the porosity of the partition obtained is too small, and the emitted light having the intensity required for the obtained scintillator panel cannot be obtained.
- the low melting point glass preferably contains 3 to 10% by mass of zinc oxide for adjusting the viscosity at high temperature.
- the proportion of zinc oxide is less than 3% by mass, the viscosity of the low-melting glass at a high temperature becomes excessively high.
- the ratio of zinc oxide exceeds 10% by mass, the cost of the low melting point glass increases.
- the low melting point glass contains silicon oxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide, alkaline earth metal oxides, etc. It is possible to adjust crystallinity, transparency, refractive index, thermal expansion characteristics, and the like.
- the alkaline earth metal oxide preferably contains an oxide selected from the group consisting of magnesium, calcium, barium and strontium.
- Alkali metal oxide 2 to 20% by mass Zinc oxide: 3-10% by mass Silicon oxide: 20-40% by mass Boron oxide: 25-40% by mass Aluminum oxide: 10-30% by mass Alkaline earth metal oxide: 5 to 15% by mass.
- the average particle diameter D50 of the low melting point glass powder is preferably 1.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter D50 is less than 1.0 ⁇ m, the low-melting glass powder is aggregated and the dispersibility is lowered, which may adversely affect the paste coating property.
- the average particle diameter D50 exceeds 4.0 ⁇ m, the unevenness of the partition wall surface becomes large, which tends to cause defects.
- the average particle diameter D50 of the inorganic powder including the low melting point glass powder is measured by using a particle size distribution measuring device (for example, MT3300; manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.) to put the inorganic powder into the sample chamber filled with water for 300 seconds. Measurements can be made after sonication.
- a particle size distribution measuring device for example, MT3300; manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- the photosensitive paste preferably further contains a filler as an inorganic powder in order to control the shrinkage rate and maintain the partition wall shape in the firing step.
- the filler is an inorganic powder that does not soften even at 700 ° C.
- high melting point glass or ceramic particles such as silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide or zirconium oxide is preferable.
- the proportion of the filler in the inorganic powder is preferably less than 50% by mass so that the sintering of the low-melting glass is not inhibited.
- the average particle diameter D50 of the filler is preferably 0.1 to 4.0 ⁇ m.
- the photosensitive organic component contained in the photosensitive paste examples include a photosensitive monomer, a photosensitive oligomer, a photosensitive polymer, and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the photosensitive monomer, the photosensitive oligomer and the photosensitive polymer are monomers having an active carbon-carbon double bond, which undergoes photocrosslinking or photopolymerization upon irradiation with actinic rays, and changes in chemical structure, Refers to oligomers and polymers.
- Examples of the photosensitive monomer include compounds having a vinyl group, an acryloyl group, a methacryloyl group or an acrylamide group, and a polyfunctional acrylate compound or a polyfunctional methacrylate compound is preferable.
- the proportion of the polyfunctional acrylate compound and polyfunctional methacrylate compound in the organic component is preferably 10 to 80% by mass in order to improve the crosslinking density.
- Examples of the photosensitive oligomer and the photosensitive polymer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, vinyl acetic acid or a carboxyl group-containing monomer such as acid anhydride thereof, methacrylic acid ester, Examples thereof include a copolymer having a carboxyl group obtained by copolymerizing a monomer such as acrylate ester, styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate or 2-hydroxyacrylate.
- Examples of a method for introducing an active carbon-carbon double bond into an oligomer or polymer include, for example, an ethylenic group having a glycidyl group or an isocyanate group with respect to a mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyl group or carboxyl group in the oligomer or polymer. Examples thereof include a method of reacting a saturated compound, acrylic acid chloride, methacrylic acid chloride or allyl chloride, or carboxylic acid such as maleic acid.
- a stress paste is generated after the start of heating in the baking step, and a photosensitive paste that is less prone to pattern loss can be obtained.
- Photopolymerization initiator refers to a compound that generates radicals when irradiated with actinic rays.
- the photopolymerization initiator include benzophenone, methyl o-benzoylbenzoate, 4,4-bis (dimethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone, 4-benzoyl- 4-methyldiphenyl ketone, dibenzyl ketone, fluorenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, thioxanthone, 2-methylthioxanthone, 2-chlorothioxanthone, 2-isopropylthioxanthone , Diethylthioxanthone, benzyl, benzylmethoxyethyl acetal, benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin butyl
- the acid value of the copolymer having a carboxyl group is preferably 50 to 150 mgKOH / g. When the acid value is 150 mgKOH / g or less, the development tolerance is widened. On the other hand, when the acid value is 50 mgKOH / g or more, the solubility in the unexposed portion of the developer does not decrease, and a narrow partition pattern can be obtained using a low concentration developer.
- the copolymer having a carboxyl group preferably has an ethylenically unsaturated group in the side chain. Examples of the ethylenically unsaturated group include an acryl group, a methacryl group, a vinyl group, and an allyl group.
- the average refractive index n1 of the low-melting glass powder contained in the photosensitive paste and the average refractive index n2 of the photosensitive organic component preferably satisfy the relationship of ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ n1-n2 ⁇ 0.1, It is more preferable to satisfy the relationship of 0.01 ⁇ n1-n2 ⁇ 0.01, and it is further preferable to satisfy the relationship of ⁇ 0.005 ⁇ n1-n2 ⁇ 0.005. By satisfying these conditions, light scattering at the interface between the low-melting glass powder and the photosensitive organic component is suppressed in the exposure step, and a higher definition pattern can be formed.
- the average refractive index n1 of the low melting glass powder can be measured by the Becke line detection method. More specifically, the refractive index measurement at a wavelength of 436 nm (g line) at 25 ° C. is performed five times, and the average value can be set to n1. Further, the average refractive index n2 of the photosensitive organic component can be obtained by measuring a coating film formed only of the photosensitive organic component by ellipsometry. More specifically, the refractive index measurement at a wavelength of 436 nm (g line) at 25 ° C. is performed five times, and the average value can be set to n2.
- Examples of the method for producing the photosensitive paste include a method in which an organic solvent or the like is added to the inorganic powder and the photosensitive organic component as necessary, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and dispersed with a three-roller or a kneader.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive paste can be appropriately adjusted by adding, for example, an inorganic powder, a thickener, an organic solvent, a polymerization inhibitor, a plasticizer, or an anti-settling agent.
- the viscosity of the photosensitive paste is preferably 2 to 200 Pa ⁇ s.
- the photosensitive paste is applied by a spin coating method, it is preferably 2 to 5 Pa ⁇ s.
- a coating film having a thickness of 10 to 40 ⁇ m is obtained by a single application by a screen printing method, it is 50 to 200 Pa. -It is preferable that it is s.
- a photosensitive paste is applied to the entire surface or a part of the substrate to form a photosensitive paste coating film.
- the coating method include spin coating, screen printing, or a method using a bar coater, roll coater, die coater, or blade coater.
- the thickness of the photosensitive paste coating film can be appropriately adjusted depending on, for example, the number of coatings, the screen mesh, or the viscosity of the photosensitive paste.
- the exposure of the obtained photosensitive paste coating film a method of exposing through a photomask is generally used, but the exposure may be performed by directly drawing with a laser beam or the like.
- the exposure light include near infrared rays, visible rays, and ultraviolet rays, and ultraviolet rays are preferable.
- the ultraviolet light source include a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, a halogen lamp, and a germicidal lamp, and an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp is preferable.
- Examples of exposure conditions include exposure for 0.01 to 30 minutes using an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp with an output of 1 to 100 mW / cm 2 .
- the unexposed part is dissolved and removed using the difference in solubility in the developer between the exposed part and the unexposed part, and if necessary, by washing (rinsing) and drying, A partition pattern is obtained.
- the development method include a dipping method, a spray method, a brush method, and an ultrasonic method. When the height h of the partition wall exceeds 300 ⁇ m, the spray method or the ultrasonic method is preferable.
- the ultrasonic method refers to a method of dissolving and removing unexposed portions with ultrasonic waves. Since the developing solution erodes not only in the unexposed portion but also in the semi-cured portion where the exposed portion is not sufficiently cured, the dissolution reaction proceeds, so that a narrower partition wall pattern can be formed. In addition, you may use an ultrasonic method for the water washing (rinsing) after image development.
- the ultrasonic frequency in the ultrasonic method is preferably 20 to 50 kHz.
- the ultrasonic wave intensity (watt density) per unit area of the substrate is preferably 40 to 100 W / cm 2 .
- the ultrasonic irradiation time is preferably 20 to 600 seconds, more preferably 30 to 500 seconds, and further preferably 60 to 300 seconds.
- an alkaline aqueous solution can be used as a developer.
- the alkaline aqueous solution include an aqueous solution of an inorganic alkali such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or calcium hydroxide, or an aqueous solution of an organic alkali such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide, trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, or diethanolamine. It is done.
- An organic alkali aqueous solution is preferable because decomposition and distillation in the firing step is easy.
- the concentration of the organic alkali aqueous solution is preferably 0.05 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 1% by mass in order to make the degree of dissolution of the unexposed part and the exposed part appropriate.
- the temperature during development is preferably 20 to 50 ° C. from the viewpoint of process control.
- the partition pattern obtained as described above is fired in a firing furnace under an atmosphere of air, nitrogen, hydrogen, or the like.
- the firing furnace include a batch-type firing furnace or a belt-type continuous firing furnace.
- the inorganic powder containing the low-melting glass is softened and sintered in the firing process and fused together, but voids remain between them.
- the abundance ratio of the voids included in the partition walls can be adjusted by the heating temperature in the firing process.
- the ratio of the voids in the whole partition wall is preferably 2 to 25% by volume, more preferably 5 to 25% by volume in order to achieve both effective reflection of the emitted light of the phosphor and the strength of the partition wall. 5 to 20% by volume is more preferable.
- the porosity is less than 2%, the reflectance of the partition walls is lowered, and the light emission amount of the scintillator panel may be reduced. On the other hand, if the porosity exceeds 25%, the strength of the partition may be insufficient.
- the porosity can be measured by observing with an electron microscope after precisely polishing the cross section of the partition wall. More specifically, the void and the portion derived from the other inorganic powder can be image-converted into two gradations, and the area ratio of the void in the cross section of the partition wall can be defined as the void ratio.
- a buffer layer between the partition wall and the substrate for stress relaxation in the firing process.
- the material of the buffer layer low melting point glass or ceramics is preferable in order to increase the reflectance of the buffer layer.
- the low melting point glass include those similar to those contained in the photosensitive paste for forming the partition walls.
- the ceramic include titanium oxide, aluminum oxide, and zirconium oxide. Note that the reflectance of the buffer layer with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm is preferably 60% or more so that the emitted light of the phosphor does not pass through the buffer layer.
- the buffer layer can be formed by applying and drying a paste in which an organic component and an inorganic powder such as a low-melting glass powder or a ceramic powder are dispersed in a solvent to form a coating film and baking.
- the firing temperature is preferably 500 to 700 ° C, more preferably 500 to 650 ° C.
- the scintillator panel preferably includes a concave reflective layer between the phosphor layer and the partition wall.
- the concave shape means a state in which the upper surface of the reflective layer in each cell, that is, the surface located on the opposite side of the substrate is recessed toward the substrate side.
- the material of the reflective layer a material that transmits radiation and reflects visible light having a wavelength of 300 to 800 nm, which is emitted light of a phosphor, can be used. Since there is little deterioration, metals, such as silver, gold
- the thickness of the concave reflective layer is preferably 0.01 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the reflective layer is 0.01 ⁇ m or more, the reflectance increases.
- the thickness of the reflective layer exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the amount of the phosphor powder decreases, and the emitted light becomes weak.
- the thickness of the concave reflective layer was determined by measuring the cross-sectional thickness of the reflective layer with SEM at three or more points in the cross section when the partition wall was cut so as to be perpendicular to the height direction and the longitudinal direction. The average value can be calculated.
- the lattice-shaped partition wall is cut at a half position of the pitch P ′.
- Examples of the method for forming the reflective film include a vacuum film forming method, a plating method, a paste coating method, and spraying by spraying.
- a reflective layer paste comprising a white ceramic powder such as titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide or zinc oxide, a binder resin such as ethyl cellulose resin or polyvinyl butyral resin, and an organic solvent, A method of filling in a cell partitioned by a partition wall and drying is exemplified.
- the phosphor paste is applied from above the barrier ribs, and the phosphor paste is filled in the cells partitioned by the barrier ribs.
- Examples of the method of filling the phosphor paste in each cell include a screen printing method, a bar coater, a roll coater, a die coater, and a blade coater.
- examples of the method for forming the depression on the surface of the phosphor layer include a method of filling the phosphor paste in a cell and then drying the phosphor paste.
- the indentation of the phosphor layer can be formed into an arbitrary shape.
- the phosphor paste viscosity is preferably 10 to 500 Pa ⁇ s.
- the solid content ratio of the phosphor paste refers to the ratio of components that are not distilled off by drying in the entire phosphor paste.
- the solid content ratio of the phosphor paste is preferably 5 to 95% by volume.
- a drying method hot air drying or IR drying is mentioned, for example.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing one aspect of such a scintillator panel.
- the area A of the opening of the depression of the phosphor layer can be obtained as described above.
- the opening area at a position where the height is 50% of the height h of the partition wall is Am, and the opening area at a position where the height is 75% of the height h of the partition wall is As. Am and As can be measured in the same manner as the opening area A.
- a method for forming the depression in the coating film of the phosphor paste for example, a method of pressing the surface of the phosphor paste with a protrusion after filling the cell with the phosphor paste.
- one recess may be formed in each cell, or a plurality of recesses may be formed.
- the phosphor layer is preferably composed of a plurality of layers having different packing densities of the phosphor powder.
- the layer having the highest packing density of the phosphor powder that is, the high packing density phosphor layer has a high reflectance.
- the high packing density phosphor layer is preferably located on the substrate side when the radiation direction is the substrate side.
- by forming a concave high-fill-density phosphor layer in each cell partitioned by the barrier ribs it is possible to reflect the emitted light of the phosphor and reduce the leakage of the emitted light to the barrier rib side. .
- the packing density of the phosphor layer was such that the phosphor paste was coated so that the thickness of the coating film after drying was 300 ⁇ m, and dried in an IR drying furnace at 100 ° C. under normal pressure for 2 hours. It can be calculated from the mass per unit volume.
- the packing density of the high packing density phosphor layer is preferably 3.0 g / cm 3 or more, and more preferably 4.0 g / cm 3 or more.
- the scintillator panel thus obtained and the detection substrate are installed so that the phosphor layer having the dent of the scintillator panel and the photoelectric conversion element provided on the detection substrate face each other, and the dent A radiographic image detection apparatus can be obtained through an alignment step of aligning the photoelectric conversion element with the photoelectric conversion element and a bonding step of bonding the scintillator panel and the detection substrate through an adhesive layer.
- a method for aligning the scintillator panel 2 with the depression and the detection substrate 3 with the photoelectric conversion element is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to align the position so that the luminance is highest and no moiré is generated in the image. .
- an alignment process between the scintillator panel 2 having no partition wall and the detection substrate 3 will be given.
- depressions having shapes different from the depressions provided in the pixel portion are formed as alignment marks at the four corners of the phosphor layer surface.
- the shape of the alignment mark is not particularly limited, but when the shape of the indentation is substantially conical, for example, a cross shape is preferable.
- An alignment mark corresponding to the scintillator panel 2 side is formed on the detection substrate 3 side. By aligning the alignment mark on the scintillator panel 2 and the alignment mark on the detection substrate 3, the depression on the surface of the phosphor layer and the position of the photoelectric conversion element can be aligned.
- the alignment mark is preferably formed in a region outside the detection region of the photoelectric conversion layer.
- auxiliary partition walls having shapes or sizes different from the partition wall shapes are formed as alignment marks at the four corners of the region where the partition walls are formed.
- the shape of the auxiliary partition is not particularly limited, but when the shape of the partition is a lattice, for example, an elliptical shape is preferable.
- An alignment mark corresponding to the scintillator panel 2 side is formed on the detection substrate 3 side.
- the auxiliary partition wall is preferably formed in a region outside the detection region of the photoelectric conversion layer.
- the scintillator panel and the detection substrate are bonded via an adhesive layer to obtain a radiation image detection device.
- An adhesive layer is formed by attaching an adhesive sheet to the detection substrate or applying an adhesive.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 30 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the adhesive layer is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the adhesive strength is low, which is not preferable. On the other hand, when the thickness of the adhesive layer is larger than 30 ⁇ m, the light is diffused when the light emitted from the phosphor layer is transmitted through the adhesive layer, so that the sharpness of the image is lowered.
- the material of the adhesive layer has little light absorption at the emission wavelength of the phosphor.
- the adhesive sheet etc. which apply
- Photosensitive monomer x Trimethylolpropane triacrylate
- Photosensitive monomer y Tetrapropylene glycol dimethacrylate photopolymerization initiator: 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) butanone-1 (IC369; BASF) (Made by company)
- Polymerization inhibitor 1,6-hexanediol-bis [(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate])
- Ultraviolet absorber solution ⁇ -butyrolactone 0.3 mass% solution (Sudan IV; manufactured by Tokyo Oh
- the specific composition is as follows.
- Low melting glass powder SiO 2 27 mass%, B 2 O 3 31 mass%, ZnO 6 mass%, Li 2 O 7 mass%, MgO 2 mass%, CaO 2 mass%, BaO 2 mass%, Al 2 O 3 Softening temperature 588 ° C .; coefficient of thermal expansion 68 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K); average particle diameter D50 2.3 ⁇ m
- High melting point glass powder SiO 2 30% by mass, B 2 O 3 31% by mass, ZnO 6% by mass, MgO 2% by mass, CaO 2% by mass, BaO 2% by mass, Al 2 O 3 27% by mass; softening temperature 790 ° C; coefficient of thermal expansion 32 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K); average particle diameter D50 2.3 ⁇ m (Preparation of buffer layer paste) 5 parts by mass of titanium oxide powder (average particle size D50 0.3 ⁇ m) was added to and kneaded with 95 parts by mass of the above-mentioned photosensitive paste
- a phosphor paste A was obtained by mixing 15 parts by mass of the organic solution 1 with 85 parts by mass of the phosphor powder.
- the packing density of the phosphor layer formed using the phosphor paste A was 4.0 g / cm 3 .
- the phosphor paste A is applied on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm white PET film substrate (E6SQ; manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) with a die coater so that the thickness of the coating film after drying is 300 ⁇ m, and IR drying at 100 ° C. It was dried in an oven for 2 hours to form a phosphor paste coating film, that is, a solid phosphor layer, to obtain a scintillator panel.
- Table 3 shows parameters of the obtained scintillator panel.
- the obtained scintillator panel was set on an FPD (PaxScan 3030; manufactured by Varian) as a detection substrate, and a radiation image detection apparatus was produced.
- FPD FluxScan 3030; manufactured by Varian
- a radiation image detection apparatus was produced.
- the value of the emission intensity of Comparative Example 1 as 100.
- radiation with a tube voltage of 80 kVp was irradiated from the substrate side of the scintillator panel through a lead MTF chart, and the obtained image data was processed to calculate MTF, which is a measure of image clarity.
- relative evaluation was performed by setting the MTF value of Comparative Example 1 as the image clarity 100.
- Example 1 The phosphor paste A is applied on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm white PET film substrate (E6SQ; manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) with a die coater so that the thickness of the coating film after drying is 300 ⁇ m, and IR drying at 100 ° C. It was dried in an oven for 2 hours to form a phosphor paste coating film, that is, a solid phosphor layer.
- E6SQ white PET film substrate
- a plurality of convex patterns (substantially conical with a radius of 50 ⁇ m and a height of 270 ⁇ m) are formed in a two-dimensional matrix with a pitch of 194 ⁇ m in both vertical and horizontal directions, and crosses with a line width of 50 ⁇ m are respectively formed at the four corners of the plurality of convex patterns.
- a molding die made of alumina (thermal expansion coefficient 71 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K)) on which a pattern was formed was prepared.
- a scintillator panel provided with a phosphor layer having a plurality of depressions formed on the surface thereof by pressing the mold against the phosphor layer formed as described above at a temperature of 80 ° C. to form depressions on the surface of the phosphor layer. Obtained. Table 3 shows parameters of the obtained scintillator panel.
- the cross-shaped dent of the obtained scintillator panel was set according to the alignment mark of FPD (PaxScan3030), and the radiographic image detection apparatus was produced.
- FPD FluxScan3030
- a higher light emission intensity of 102 was obtained with respect to 100 which is the light emission intensity in Comparative Example 1. It was.
- radiation of a tube voltage of 80 kVp was irradiated from the substrate side of the scintillator panel through a lead MTF chart, and the obtained image data processing was performed to calculate the MTF.
- a higher value of 105 was shown for the sex 100.
- Example 2 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the height of the convex pattern was changed to 240 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. Table 3 shows the parameters and evaluation results for the scintillator panel. The same applies to Examples 3 to 19 and Comparative Examples 2 to 4.
- Example 3 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the height of the convex pattern was changed to 200 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 4 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the height of the convex pattern was changed to 150 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 5 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the height of the convex pattern was changed to 100 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 6 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the height of the convex pattern was changed to 40 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 7 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 4 except that the radius of the convex pattern was changed to 15 ⁇ m and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 8 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 4 except that the radius of the convex pattern was changed to 30 ⁇ m and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 9 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 4 except that the radius of the convex pattern was changed to 70 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 10 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 4 except that the radius of the convex pattern was changed to 90 ⁇ m and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 11 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 8 except that the pitch of the convex pattern was changed to 127 ⁇ m in both vertical and horizontal directions.
- This scintillator panel was set in FPD (PaxScan2520; manufactured by Varian) to produce a radiation image detection apparatus, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 12 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 8 except that the pitch of the convex pattern was changed to 83 ⁇ m in both vertical and horizontal directions.
- the scintillator panel was set in an FPD (PaxScan 3024; manufactured by Varian) to produce a radiation image detection apparatus, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- FPD FluxScan 3024; manufactured by Varian
- Example 13 A scintillator panel was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the thickness of the phosphor paste coating film was changed to 500 ⁇ m, the pitch of the convex pattern was changed to 42 ⁇ m in both length and width, and the height of the convex pattern was changed to 200 ⁇ m. Obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 12.
- Example 14 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 9 except that the pitch of the convex pattern was changed to 582 ⁇ m in both vertical and horizontal directions and the height of the convex pattern was changed to 100 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed. . Note that periodic noise was observed in the obtained image.
- Example 15 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the phosphor paste coating film was changed to 150 ⁇ m, the radius of the convex pattern was changed to 30 ⁇ m, and the height of the convex pattern was changed to 30 ⁇ m. Evaluation similar to Example 1 was performed.
- Example 16 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the thickness of the phosphor paste coating film was changed to 500 ⁇ m, the radius of the convex pattern was changed to 50 ⁇ m, and the height of the convex pattern was changed to 200 ⁇ m. Evaluation similar to Example 1 was performed.
- Example 17 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the shape of the convex pattern was changed to a cylindrical shape with a pitch of 194 ⁇ m, a radius of 50 ⁇ m, and a height of 150 ⁇ m in both vertical and horizontal directions, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. .
- Example 18 A scintillator panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the convex pattern was changed to a regular square column having a pitch of 194 ⁇ m, a side length of 100 ⁇ m, and a height of 150 ⁇ m in both vertical and horizontal directions. was evaluated.
- Example 19 A scintillator panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the shape of the convex pattern was changed to a regular square pyramid with a pitch of 194 ⁇ m, a side length of 100 ⁇ m, and a height of 150 ⁇ m in both vertical and horizontal directions. was evaluated.
- Example 20 The phosphor paste G was solid-printed on the entire surface using a screen printing machine (manufactured by Microtech; the screen plate is # 350POL mesh) so that the thickness of the coating film after drying was 50 ⁇ m, and then the IR paste oven at 100 ° C. After drying for 1 hour, the phosphor paste A is applied so that the total thickness of the phosphor paste coating film is 230 ⁇ m, and dried for 1 hour in an IR drying furnace at 100 ° C. A body paste coating film was formed.
- a screen printing machine manufactured by Microtech; the screen plate is # 350POL mesh
- a depression was formed on the surface of the coating film by the same method as in Example 5 to obtain a scintillator panel including a phosphor layer having a plurality of depressions on the surface, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 21 After applying the phosphor paste G with a die coater so that the thickness of the coating film after drying is 50 ⁇ m, the phosphor paste A is applied so that the total thickness of the phosphor paste coating film is 230 ⁇ m, It was dried in an IR drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to form a phosphor paste coating film having a multilayer structure with different packing densities.
- a depression was formed on the surface of the coating film by the same method as in Example 6 to obtain a scintillator panel having a phosphor layer having a plurality of depressions on the surface, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 22 After applying the phosphor paste G with a die coater so that the thickness of the coating film after drying is 50 ⁇ m, the phosphor paste A is applied so that the total thickness of the phosphor paste coating film is 150 ⁇ m, It was dried in an IR drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 1 hour to form a phosphor paste coating film having a multilayer structure with different packing densities.
- a depression was formed on the surface of the coating film by the same method as in Example 15 to obtain a scintillator panel including a phosphor layer having a plurality of depressions on the surface, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 23 After applying the phosphor paste G with a die coater so that the thickness of the coating film after drying is 50 ⁇ m, the phosphor paste A is applied so that the total thickness of the phosphor paste coating film is 330 ⁇ m, It was dried in an IR drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 2 hours to form a phosphor paste coating film having a multilayer structure with different packing densities.
- a depression was formed on the surface of the coating film by the same method as in Example 5 to obtain a scintillator panel including a phosphor layer having a plurality of depressions on the surface, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- Example 2 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 1 except that the height of the convex pattern was changed to 280 ⁇ m and the radius was changed to 70 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 1 was performed.
- the thickness of the coating film after drying the photosensitive paste on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm glass substrate is 450 ⁇ m.
- the film was coated with a die coater and dried in an IR drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to form a photosensitive paste coating film.
- the obtained photosensitive paste coating film was exposed to an exposure amount of 500 mJ / mm through a photomask having an opening corresponding to a desired partition wall pattern (a chromium mask having a grid-like opening with a pitch of 194 ⁇ m and a line width of 20 ⁇ m in both length and width).
- the exposed photosensitive paste coating film was subjected to shower development for 420 seconds at a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm 2 using a 0.5 mass% ethanolamine aqueous solution at 35 ° C. as a developer, and further impregnated in the developer at 40 kHz, A 100 W / cm 2 ultrasonic wave was irradiated for 240 seconds, washed with shower water at a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm 2 , and then dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a lattice-like photosensitive paste pattern.
- the obtained photosensitive paste pattern was baked in air at 585 ° C. for 15 minutes to form lattice-shaped partition walls having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Table 4.
- the phosphor paste A was repeatedly printed on the entire surface using a screen printing machine (manufactured by Microtech; phosphor squeegee used; # 200SUS mesh for screen plate), vacuum-treated with a desiccator, and IR dried at 60 ° C. After 60 minutes of heat treatment with a vessel, the phosphor paste overflowed with a rubber squeegee was scraped off. Thereafter, it was dried in a hot air drying oven at 100 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a phosphor layer as shown in Table 5 to obtain a scintillator panel.
- the obtained scintillator panel was set in FPD (PaxScan3030; manufactured by Varian) to produce a radiation image detection apparatus.
- FPD FluxScan3030; manufactured by Varian
- a sufficient image was obtained (hereinafter, this light emission intensity value was set to 100 and relative evaluation was performed do).
- radiation with a tube voltage of 80 kVp was irradiated from the substrate side of the scintillator panel through an MTF chart made of lead, and the obtained image data processing was performed to calculate the MTF (hereinafter, the MTF value is referred to as an image). Relative evaluation with a clarity of 100).
- Example 24 The thickness of the coating film after drying the photosensitive paste on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm glass substrate (soda glass; coefficient of thermal expansion 90 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K), substrate thickness 0.7 mm) is 450 ⁇ m.
- the film was coated with a die coater and dried in an IR drying furnace at 100 ° C. for 4 hours to form a photosensitive paste coating film.
- the obtained photosensitive paste coating film was exposed to an exposure amount of 500 mJ / mm through a photomask having an opening corresponding to a desired partition wall pattern (a chromium mask having a grid-like opening with a pitch of 194 ⁇ m and a line width of 20 ⁇ m in both length and width).
- the exposed photosensitive paste coating film was subjected to shower development for 420 seconds at a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm 2 using a 0.5 mass% ethanolamine aqueous solution at 35 ° C. as a developer, and further impregnated in the developer at 40 kHz, A 100 W / cm 2 ultrasonic wave was irradiated for 240 seconds, washed with shower water at a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm 2 , and then dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a lattice-like photosensitive paste pattern.
- the obtained photosensitive paste pattern was baked in air at 585 ° C. for 15 minutes to form lattice-shaped partition walls having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Table 4.
- phosphor paste A was filled with a rubber squeegee after repeated solid printing on a whole surface using a screen printing machine (manufactured by Microtech; using phosphor squeegee; screen version: # 200SUS mesh) and vacuum treatment with a desiccator.
- the phosphor paste was scraped off. Thereafter, it was dried in a hot air drying oven at 100 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a phosphor layer having a circular recess with an opening as shown in Table 5, and a scintillator panel was obtained.
- the obtained scintillator panel was set in FPD (PaxScan3030; manufactured by Varian) to produce a radiation image detection apparatus.
- Radiation with a tube voltage of 80 kVp was irradiated from the substrate side of the scintillator panel, and when the light emission intensity of the scintillator panel 24B was detected with PaxScan 3030, a higher light emission intensity of 103 was obtained with respect to 100 as the light emission intensity in Comparative Example 5. Obtained.
- radiation of a tube voltage of 80 kVp was irradiated from the substrate side of the scintillator panel through the lead MTF chart, and the obtained image data processing was performed, and the MTF was calculated. A higher value of 101 was shown for the sex 100.
- Example 25 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 24 except that the temperature of the hot air drying oven was set to 120 ° C. using the phosphor paste B, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed. Table 4 and Table 5 show parameters and evaluation results for the scintillator panel. The same applies to Examples 26 to 40 and Comparative Example 6 below.
- Example 26 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 24, except that the temperature of the hot air drying oven was changed to 120 ° C. using the phosphor paste C, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 27 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 24 except that the temperature of the hot air drying oven was changed to 140 ° C. using the phosphor paste D, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 28 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 24, except that the temperature of the hot air drying oven was changed to 200 ° C. using the phosphor paste C, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 29 A scintillator panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 24 except that the temperature of the hot air drying oven was changed to 160 ° C. using the phosphor paste C, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 30 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 24 except that the phosphor paste C was used and dried for 80 minutes at a temperature of 90 ° C. in a hot air drying oven, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed. .
- Example 31 In the same manner as in Example 24, grid-like partition walls were formed on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm glass substrate.
- the reflective layer paste C is reflected on the cells partitioned by the barrier ribs by repeatedly printing the entire surface several times using a screen printer (Microtec; using a phosphor squeegee; screen version is # 200SUS mesh). Layer paste C was filled. Then, after vacuum-processing with a desiccator, the reflective layer paste overflowing from the cell was scraped off with a rubber squeegee. Thereafter, it was dried in an IR drying furnace at 40 ° C. for 120 minutes, and a reflective layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was formed on the bottom surface in each cell partitioned by the partition walls.
- Example 24 Thereafter, a phosphor layer was formed by the same method as in Example 24 to obtain a scintillator panel, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 32 In the same manner as in Example 24, grid-like partition walls were formed on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm glass substrate. On the formed barrier ribs, the entire surface of the reflective layer paste A was repeatedly printed several times using a screen printer (using a phosphor squeegee; the screen plate is # 200SUS mesh), and the reflective layer paste A was applied to the cells partitioned by the barrier ribs. Filled. Then, after vacuum-processing with a desiccator, the reflective layer paste overflowing from the cell was scraped off with a rubber squeegee. Thereafter, it was dried in a hot air drying oven at 160 ° C. for 60 minutes to form a concave reflective layer having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on the entire surface in each cell partitioned by the partition walls.
- Example 24 Thereafter, a phosphor layer was formed by the same method as in Example 24 to obtain a scintillator panel, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 33 A scintillator panel was obtained by the same method as in Example 32, except that the reflective layer paste B was used and the thickness of the reflective layer was changed to 30 ⁇ m, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 34 A scintillator panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 32 except that the temperature of the hot air drying oven was set to 120 ° C. using the phosphor paste C, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 35 A scintillator panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 32 except that the temperature of the hot air drying oven was changed to 140 ° C. using the phosphor paste D, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 36 A photosensitive paste coating film was formed on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm glass substrate by the same method as in Example 24.
- the obtained photosensitive paste coating film was changed to Example 24 except that the photomask was changed to a chromium mask having a grid-like opening with a pitch of 127 ⁇ m and a line width of 15 ⁇ m in both length and width, and the exposure amount was changed to 350 mJ / cm 2.
- the exposure was carried out in the same manner as above.
- the photosensitive paste coating film after exposure was shower-developed at a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm 2 for 500 seconds using a 0.5 mass% ethanolamine aqueous solution at 35 ° C.
- a reflective layer is formed by the same method as in Example 32, and a phosphor layer is formed by the same method as in Example 26, except that the phosphor paste E is used and the temperature of the hot air drying oven is 140 ° C. A scintillator panel was obtained.
- the scintillator panel was set in an FPD (PaxScan 2520; manufactured by Varian) to produce a radiation image detection apparatus, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- FPD FluxScan 2520; manufactured by Varian
- Example 37 On the scintillator panel obtained by the same method as in Example 35, the phosphor paste F was further solid-printed on the entire surface using a screen printing machine (using a phosphor squeegee; the screen plate was # 165SUS mesh) and vacuum-treated with a desiccator. Thereafter, it is dried in a hot air drying oven at 100 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a second phosphor layer as shown in Table 5, and the phosphor layer is composed of a plurality of layers having different phosphor powder packing densities.
- the obtained scintillator panel was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 24.
- Example 38 A scintillator panel was obtained in the same manner as in Example 35 except that the phosphor paste G was used, and the same evaluation as in Example 24 was performed.
- Example 39 On the scintillator panel obtained by the same method as in Example 38, the phosphor paste H was further solid-printed on the entire surface using a screen printer (using a phosphor squeegee; the screen plate was # 165SUS mesh), and vacuum-treated with a desiccator. Thereafter, it is dried in a hot air drying oven at 80 ° C. for 40 minutes to form a second phosphor layer as shown in Table 5, and the phosphor layer is composed of a plurality of layers having different phosphor powder packing densities.
- the obtained scintillator panel was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 24.
- Example 40 The buffer layer paste was applied on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm glass substrate (soda glass; thermal expansion coefficient 90 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 (/ K), substrate thickness 0.7 mm) with a 15 ⁇ m bar coater and dried. The entire surface was irradiated with light of 500 mJ / cm 2 with an ultrahigh pressure mercury lamp to form a paste coating film for a buffer layer having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- a photosensitive paste pattern was formed on the buffer layer paste coating film in the same manner as in Example 24.
- the glass substrate on which the photosensitive paste pattern thus obtained was formed was baked in air at 585 ° C. for 15 minutes, thereby baking the paste coating film for the buffer layer and the photosensitive paste pattern.
- a glass substrate having a grid-like partition wall having a cross-sectional shape as shown in Table 4 was formed.
- Example 6 A grid-like partition was formed on a 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm glass substrate by the same method as in Example 24.
- a phosphor layer was formed by the same method as in Example 24 except that the phosphor paste F was used, and a scintillator panel was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 24.
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Abstract
Description
酸化亜鉛:3~10質量%
酸化ケイ素:20~40質量%
酸化ホウ素:25~40質量%
酸化アルミニウム:10~30質量%
アルカリ土類金属酸化物:5~15質量%。
38質量部の有機溶媒に、24質量部の感光性ポリマー、6質量部の感光性モノマーx、4質量部の感光性モノマーy、6質量部の光重合開始剤、0.2質量部の重合禁止剤および12.8質量部の紫外線吸収剤溶液を添加し、80℃で加熱溶解した。得られた溶液を冷却した後、粘度調整剤を9質量部添加して、隔壁用有機溶液を得た。
感光性ポリマー : 質量比がメタクリル酸/メタクリル酸メチル/スチレン=40/40/30の共重合体のカルボキシル基に対して、0.4当量のグリシジルメタクリレートを付加反応させたもの(重量平均分子量43000;酸価100)
感光性モノマーx : トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート
感光性モノマーy : テトラプロピレングリコールジメタクリレート
光重合開始剤 : 2-ベンジル-2-ジメチルアミノ-1-(4-モルフォリノフェニル)ブタノン-1(IC369;BASF社製)
重合禁止剤 : 1,6-ヘキサンジオール-ビス[(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート])
紫外線吸収剤溶液 : γ―ブチロラクトン0.3質量%溶液(スダンIV;東京応化工業株式会社製)
有機溶媒 : γ-ブチロラクトン
粘度調整剤: フローノン(登録商標)EC121(共栄社化学株式会社製)
このようにして得られた60質量部の隔壁用有機溶液に、30質量部の低融点ガラス粉末および10質量部の高融点ガラス粉末を添加して3本ローラー混練機で混練し、隔壁用感光性ペーストを得た。
低融点ガラス粉末 : SiO2 27質量%、B2O3 31質量%、ZnO 6質量%、Li2O 7質量%、MgO 2質量%、CaO 2質量%、BaO 2質量%、Al2O3 23質量% ; 軟化温度588℃ ; 熱膨張係数68×10-7 (/K); 平均粒子径D50 2.3μm
高融点ガラス粉末 : SiO2 30質量%、B2O3 31質量%、ZnO 6質量%、MgO 2質量%、CaO 2質量%、BaO 2質量%、Al2O3 27質量% ; 軟化温度790℃ ; 熱膨張係数32×10-7(/K) ; 平均粒子径D50 2.3μm
(緩衝層用ペーストの作製)
95質量部の上記隔壁用感光性ペーストに、5質量部の酸化チタン粉末(平均粒子径D50 0.3μm)を添加して混練し、緩衝層用ペーストを得た。
5質量部の有機バインダー(エチルセルロース(100cP))を、80質量部の有機溶媒(テルピネオール)に80℃で加熱溶解した有機溶液に、15質量部のルチル型酸化チタン(平均粒子径D50 0.25μm)を添加して混練し、反射層ペーストAを得た。
5質量部の有機バインダー(エチルセルロース(100cP))を、60質量部の有機溶媒(テルピネオール)に80℃で加熱溶解した有機溶液に、35質量部のルチル型酸化チタン(平均粒子径D50 0.25μm)を添加して混練し、反射層ペーストBを得た。
5質量部の有機バインダー(エチルセルロース(14cP))を、80質量部の有機溶媒(テルピネオール)に80℃で加熱溶解した有機溶液に、15質量部のルチル型酸化チタン(平均粒子径D50 0.25μm)を添加して混練し、反射層ペーストCを得た。
30質量部の有機バインダー(エチルセルロース(7cp);比重1.1g/cm3)を、70質量部の有機溶媒(テルピネオール、比重0.93g/cm3)に80℃で加熱溶解し、有機溶液1を得た。また蛍光体粉末として、平均粒子径D50が10μmのTb賦活Gd2O2S(Gd2O2S:Tb、比重7.3g/cm3)を準備した。
表1に示す組成で、有機溶液1の作製と同様の方法により有機溶液2~6を作製した。次に、表2に示す組成で、蛍光体ペーストAの作製と同様の方法により蛍光体ペーストB~Hを作製した。
100mm×100mmの白色PETフィルム基板(E6SQ;東レ株式会社製)上に、上記蛍光体ペーストAを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが300μmになるようにダイコーターで塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で2時間乾燥して、蛍光体ペースト塗布膜すなわちベタ塗りの蛍光体層を形成し、シンチレータパネルを得た。得られたシンチレータパネルについての各パラメータを、表3に示す。
100mm×100mmの白色PETフィルム基板(E6SQ;東レ株式会社製)上に、上記蛍光体ペーストAを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが300μmになるようにダイコーターで塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で2時間乾燥して、蛍光体ペースト塗布膜すなわちベタ塗りの蛍光体層を形成した。
凸状パターンの高さを240μmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。シンチレータパネルについての各パラメータおよび評価結果を、表3に示す。以下、実施例3~19および比較例2~4についても同様。
凸状パターンの高さを200μmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの高さを150μmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの高さを100μmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの高さを40μmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの半径を15μmに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの半径を30μmに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの半径を70μmに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの半径を90μmに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンのピッチを縦横ともピッチ127μmに変更した以外は、実施例8と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得た。
凸状パターンのピッチを縦横ともピッチ83μmに変更した以外は、実施例8と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得た。
蛍光体ペースト塗布膜の厚みを500μmに、凸状パターンのピッチを縦横ともピッチ42μmに、凸状パターンの高さを200μmに、それぞれ変更した以外は、実施例7と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例12と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンのピッチを縦横ともピッチ582μmに、凸状パターンの高さを100μmに、変更した以外は、実施例9と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。なお、得られた画像には、周期的なノイズが見られた。
蛍光体ペースト塗布膜の厚みを150μmに、凸状パターンの半径を30μmに、凸状パターンの高さを30μmに、それぞれ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
蛍光体ペースト塗布膜の厚みを500μmに、凸状パターンの半径を50μmに、凸状パターンの高さを200μmに、それぞれ変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの形状を、縦横ともピッチ194μm、半径50μm、高さ150μmの円柱状に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様に評価をした。
凸状パターンの形状を、縦横ともピッチ194μm、1辺の長さ100μm、高さ150μmの正四角柱に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの形状を、縦横ともピッチ194μm、1辺の長さ100μm、高さ150μmの正四角錐に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストGを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが50μmになるようにスクリーン印刷機(マイクロテック製;スクリーン版は#350POLメッシュ)を用いて全面ベタ印刷し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で1時間乾燥した後、上記蛍光体ペーストAを蛍光体ペースト塗布膜の合計厚みが230μmとなるように塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で1時間乾燥させて、充填密度の異なる多層構造の蛍光体ペースト塗布膜を形成した。
上記蛍光体ペーストGを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが50μmになるようにダイコーターで塗布した後、上記蛍光体ペーストAを蛍光体ペースト塗布膜の合計厚みが230μmとなるように塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で1時間乾燥させて、充填密度の異なる多層構造の蛍光体ペースト塗布膜を形成した。
上記蛍光体ペーストGを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが50μmになるようにダイコーターで塗布した後、上記蛍光体ペーストAを蛍光体ペースト塗布膜の合計厚みが150μmとなるように塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で1時間乾燥させて、充填密度の異なる多層構造の蛍光体ペースト塗布膜を形成した。
上記蛍光体ペーストGを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが50μmになるようにダイコーターで塗布した後、上記蛍光体ペーストAを蛍光体ペースト塗布膜の合計厚みが330μmとなるように塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で2時間乾燥させて、充填密度の異なる多層構造の蛍光体ペースト塗布膜を形成した。
凸状パターンの高さを280μm、半径を70μmに変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの半径を10μmに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。
凸状パターンの半径を160μmに変更した以外は、実施例4と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例1と同様の評価をした。なお、得られた画像には、周期的なノイズが見られた。
100mm×100mmのガラス基板(ソーダガラス;熱膨張係数90×10-7(/K)、基板厚さ0.7mm)上に、感光性ペーストを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが450μmになるようにダイコーターで塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で4時間乾燥して、感光性ペースト塗布膜を形成した。得られた感光性ペースト塗布膜を、所望の隔壁パターンに対応する開口部を有するフォトマスク(縦横ともピッチ194μm、線幅20μmの格子状開口部を有するクロムマスク)を介して、露光量500mJ/cm2の超高圧水銀灯で露光した。露光後の感光性ペースト塗布膜を、現像液として35℃の0.5質量%エタノールアミン水溶液を用いて圧力1.5kg/cm2で420秒間シャワー現像し、さらに現像液に含浸したまま40kHz、100W/cm2の超音波を240秒間照射し、圧力1.5kg/cm2でシャワー水洗してから、120℃で10分間乾燥して、格子状の感光性ペーストパターンを形成した。得られた感光性ペーストパターンは空気中、585℃で15分間焼成し、表4に示すような断面形状を有する、格子状の隔壁を形成した。
100mm×100mmのガラス基板(ソーダガラス;熱膨張係数90×10-7(/K)、基板厚さ0.7mm)上に、感光性ペーストを乾燥後の塗布膜の厚さが450μmになるようにダイコーターで塗布し、100℃のIR乾燥炉で4時間乾燥して、感光性ペースト塗布膜を形成した。得られた感光性ペースト塗布膜を、所望の隔壁パターンに対応する開口部を有するフォトマスク(縦横ともピッチ194μm、線幅20μmの格子状開口部を有するクロムマスク)を介して、露光量500mJ/cm2の超高圧水銀灯で露光した。露光後の感光性ペースト塗布膜を、現像液として35℃の0.5質量%エタノールアミン水溶液を用いて圧力1.5kg/cm2で420秒間シャワー現像し、さらに現像液に含浸したまま40kHz、100W/cm2の超音波を240秒間照射し、圧力1.5kg/cm2でシャワー水洗してから、120℃で10分間乾燥して、格子状の感光性ペーストパターンを形成した。得られた感光性ペーストパターンは空気中、585℃で15分間焼成し、表4に示すような断面形状を有する、格子状の隔壁を形成した。
上記蛍光体ペーストBを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を120℃にした以外は、実施例24と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。シンチレータパネルについての各パラメータおよび評価結果を、表4および表5に示す。以下、実施例26~40および比較例6についても同様。
上記蛍光体ペーストCを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を120℃にした以外は、実施例24と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストDを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を140℃にした以外は、実施例24と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストCを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を200℃にした以外は、実施例24と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストCを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を160℃にした以外は、実施例24と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストCを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を90℃にして80分乾燥させた以外は、実施例24と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
実施例24と同様の方法により、100mm×100mmのガラス基板に格子状の隔壁を形成した。形成した隔壁に、上記反射層ペーストCをスクリーン印刷機(マイクロテック製;蛍光体スキージ使用;スクリーン版は#200SUSメッシュ)を用いて全面ベタ印刷を数回繰り返し、隔壁で区画されたセルに反射層ペーストCを充填した。その後、デシケータで真空処理した後、ゴムスキージでセルから溢れた反射層ペーストをかき取った。その後40℃のIR乾燥炉で120分間乾燥し、隔壁で区画された各セル内の底面に厚み10μmの反射層を形成した。
実施例24と同様の方法により、100mm×100mmのガラス基板に格子状の隔壁を形成した。形成した隔壁に、上記反射層ペーストAをスクリーン印刷機(蛍光体スキージ使用;スクリーン版は#200SUSメッシュ)を用いて全面ベタ印刷を数回繰り返し、隔壁で区画されたセルに反射層ペーストAを充填した。その後、デシケータで真空処理した後、ゴムスキージでセルから溢れた反射層ペーストをかき取った。その後160℃の熱風乾燥オーブンで60分間乾燥し、隔壁で区画された各セル内の全面に厚み10μmの凹形状の反射層を形成した。
上記反射層ペーストBを用い、反射層の厚みを30μmにした以外は、実施例32同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストCを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を120℃にした以外は、実施例32と同様の方法によりシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストDを用いて、熱風乾燥オーブンの温度を140℃にした以外は、実施例32と同様の方法により、シンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
100mm×100mmのガラス基板上に、実施例24と同様の方法により感光性ペースト塗布膜を形成した。得られた感光性ペースト塗布膜を、フォトマスクを縦横ともピッチ127μm、線幅15μmの格子状開口部を有するクロムマスクに、露光量を350mJ/cm2に、それぞれ変更した以外は、実施例24と同様の方法により露光した。露光後の感光性ペースト塗布膜を、現像液として35℃の0.5質量%エタノールアミン水溶液を用いて圧力1.5kg/cm2で500秒間シャワー現像し、さらに現像液に含浸したまま40kHz、100W/cm2の超音波を400秒間照射し、圧力1.5kg/cm2でシャワー水洗してから、実施例24と同様の方法により格子状の隔壁を形成した。
実施例35と同様の方法により得たシンチレータパネルに、さらに上記蛍光体ペーストFをスクリーン印刷機(蛍光体スキージ使用;スクリーン版は#165SUSメッシュ)を用いて全面ベタ印刷し、デシケータで真空処理した後、100℃の熱風乾燥オーブンで40分間乾燥し、表5に示すような2層目の蛍光体層を形成し、蛍光体層が、蛍光体粉末の充填密度が異なる、複数の層から構成されているシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
上記蛍光体ペーストGを用いた以外は、実施例35と同様の方法により、シンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
実施例38と同様の方法により得たシンチレータパネルに、さらに上記蛍光体ペーストHをスクリーン印刷機(蛍光体スキージ使用;スクリーン版は#165SUSメッシュ)を用いて全面ベタ印刷し、デシケータで真空処理した後、80℃の熱風乾燥オーブンで40分間乾燥し、表5に示すような2層目の蛍光体層を形成し、蛍光体層が、蛍光体粉末の充填密度が異なる、複数の層から構成されているシンチレータパネルを得て、実施例24と同様の評価をした。
100mm×100mmのガラス基板(ソーダガラス;熱膨張係数90×10-7(/K)、基板厚さ0.7mm)上に、上記緩衝層用ペーストを15μmバーコーターで塗布し、乾燥した後に、超高圧水銀灯で500mJ/cm2の全面光照射を行い、厚さ12μmの緩衝層用ペースト塗布膜を形成した。
100mm×100mmのガラス基板上に、実施例24と同様の方法により格子状の隔壁を形成した。
2 シンチレータパネル
3 検出基板
4 基板
5 緩衝層
6 隔壁
7 蛍光体層
8 反射層
9 接着層
10 光電変換層
11 出力層
12 基板
13 電源部
Claims (8)
- 基板、および、蛍光体粉末を含有する蛍光体層を備えたシンチレータパネルであって、
前記蛍光体層が、表面に複数のくぼみを有し、
前記くぼみの開口部の面積Aが、500~70000μm2であり、
前記蛍光体層の厚みTと、前記くぼみの深さDとの比であるD/Tが、0.1~0.9である、シンチレータパネル。 - 前記蛍光体層が、表面に500~50000個/cm2のくぼみを有する、請求項1記載のシンチレータパネル。
- 隣接する前記くぼみ同士のピッチPが、50~350μmの範囲における一定値であり、
前記くぼみの開口部の最大幅Wが、30~300μmである、請求項1または2記載のシンチレータパネル。 - さらに、前記蛍光体層を区画する隔壁を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載のシンチレータパネル。
- さらに、前記蛍光体層と前記隔壁との間に、凹形状の反射層を備える、請求項4記載のシンチレータパネル。
- 前記蛍光体層が、前記蛍光体粉末の充填密度が異なる、複数の層から構成されている、請求項1~5のいずれか一項記載のシンチレータパネル。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載のシンチレータパネルを具備する、放射線画像検出装置。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか一項記載のシンチレータパネルと、該シンチレータパネルの前記くぼみに対向する光電変換素子を備える検出基板と、を具備する、放射線画像検出装置の製造方法であって、(A)前記くぼみと前記光電変換素子との位置合わせ工程、および、(B)前記シンチレータパネルと前記検出基板との貼り合せ工程、を備える、放射線画像検出装置の製造方法。
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US10042060B2 (en) | 2018-08-07 |
KR20170010352A (ko) | 2017-01-31 |
EP3151247A1 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
TWI665463B (zh) | 2019-07-11 |
JPWO2015182524A1 (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
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