WO2015177919A1 - 電磁石駆動装置 - Google Patents
電磁石駆動装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015177919A1 WO2015177919A1 PCT/JP2014/063664 JP2014063664W WO2015177919A1 WO 2015177919 A1 WO2015177919 A1 WO 2015177919A1 JP 2014063664 W JP2014063664 W JP 2014063664W WO 2015177919 A1 WO2015177919 A1 WO 2015177919A1
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- electromagnet
- voltage
- excitation current
- power supply
- switching element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
- H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
- H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
- H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnet driving device for driving an electromagnet built in a circuit breaker or the like.
- An electromagnet drive device that attracts the iron core of an electromagnet built in a circuit breaker or the like applies a large excitation current to the winding in relation to the gap of the magnetic circuit in the initial stage of suction, and after the iron core is attracted, the gap of the magnetic circuit is Therefore, the excitation current is reduced and energized to maintain the attracted state.
- a pulsed voltage is applied to the electromagnet, and during the period when the voltage is not applied to the electromagnet, the excitation current generated by the back electromotive force of the electromagnet is flywheel.
- the exciting current always flows through the winding so as to flow through the diode.
- a method for detecting the excitation current after the iron core is attracted a method is known in which a current detection sensor is provided in a loop formed by an electromagnet and a flywheel diode (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the current detection sensor is provided outside the loop formed by the electromagnet and the flywheel diode, and the current detection sensor is provided in series with the switching element for applying a pulsed voltage to the electromagnet.
- a method of detecting the excitation current with the current detection sensor only when the switching element becomes conductive can be considered.
- this method is used, if the pulse width of the applied voltage pulse of the electromagnet is narrow or the pulse cycle is fast, a high-performance and expensive microcomputer with a high sampling frequency must be used when detected using a microcomputer. There was a problem.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and suppresses power loss due to the excitation current detection resistor that generates a voltage drop proportional to the magnitude of the excitation current of the electromagnet, and further reduces the sampling frequency.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain an electromagnet drive device that can be controlled even by a low microcomputer.
- An electromagnet drive device includes a winding power supply circuit that outputs a DC power supply voltage to be applied to an electromagnet, a power supply voltage measurement circuit that measures the DC power supply voltage, and an electromagnet exciting current that is connected in series to the electromagnet.
- An excitation current detection resistor that generates a voltage drop proportional to the magnitude of the current, and a control microcomputer that controls the excitation current of the electromagnet through the intervention of a switching element,
- the control microcomputer calculates the winding resistance value of the electromagnet from the voltage drop of the excitation current detection resistor and the measurement result of the DC power supply voltage at the initial core retraction of the electromagnet and at the time of re-attraction of the iron core. Except at the time of initial suction and re-attraction of the iron core, pulse control is performed in which the DC power supply voltage is converted into a pulse voltage by the switching element based on the winding resistance value and applied to the electromagnet.
- This invention can suppress the power loss due to the excitation current detection resistor that generates a voltage drop proportional to the magnitude of the excitation current of the electromagnet, and also applies a pulse voltage to the electromagnet to reduce the excitation current after the core of the electromagnet is attracted.
- a pulse voltage to the electromagnet to reduce the excitation current after the core of the electromagnet is attracted.
- it is possible to detect an electromagnet excitation current when a pulse voltage is applied that cannot be detected by a microcomputer having a low sampling frequency, and an inexpensive microcomputer having a low sampling frequency can be used.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electromagnet drive device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- an electromagnet 1 is connected to a switching element 2.
- a DC power supply voltage is applied to the electromagnet 1 from the winding power supply circuit 3.
- an exciting current flows through the exciting current detection resistor 4, and a voltage drop proportional to the magnitude of the exciting current is generated in the exciting current detecting resistor 4.
- the flywheel diode 5 is connected in parallel to the electromagnet 1 so that an exciting current flows through the electromagnet 1 using an electromotive force generated in the electromagnet 1 when the switching element 2 is non-conductive. That is, the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5 form a loop.
- the excitation current control unit 6a measures the voltage drop of the excitation current detection resistor 4 and the power supply voltage measurement circuit 10 that measures the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3, and detects the excitation current of the electromagnet 1.
- the pulse drive circuit 12a that controls the switching element 2 in pulses, the power supply voltage measuring circuit 10 and the exciting current measuring circuit 11.
- a control microcomputer 13a that controls the pulse width of the pulse drive circuit 12a by calculating a pulse width that allows a necessary excitation current to flow, and a control power supply circuit 14 that supplies power to the control microcomputer 13a are provided.
- the alarm output circuit 7 is used when the winding resistance value is abnormal due to a rare short of the winding of the electromagnet 1, or when the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 is increased due to abnormal heat generation in the circuit breaker energizing part, and the winding resistance value is increased. An alarm is output to.
- the time delay operation capacitor 8 is a power backup capacitor. When this electromagnet driving device is used as an undervoltage tripping device for an internal accessory of a circuit breaker, a predetermined time (for example, about 3 seconds) after the input power is cut off. ) In order to perform the time-delayed operation for maintaining the iron core suction of the electromagnet 1, the exciting current of the electromagnet 1 is supplied during the time-delayed operation.
- the electromagnet drive device is configured as described above, and the operation thereof will be described next.
- the control microcomputer 13a is activated by the power supply voltage measuring circuit 10 so that the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 is It is confirmed that the voltage rises to a voltage at which the iron core can be sucked and is stable at a constant value Va. If it can be confirmed that the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 is stable at the constant value Va, the pulse driving circuit 12a is operated to perform iron core suction.
- the control microcomputer 13a sets the horizontal axis to time and the vertical axis to the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3.
- the pulse drive circuit 12a is operated at a pulse width of 100% for a period of several hundred ms indicated by Ta in FIG.
- the switching element 2 is turned on for several hundred ms, and the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 is applied to the electromagnet 1.
- the excitation current energized to the electromagnet 1 is as shown in FIG. 3 with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing excitation current.
- the exciting current starts to flow from the voltage application start time indicated by T1. Then, as the gap between the movable iron core and the fixed iron core decreases, the magnetic resistance decreases and the magnetic flux increases, and when the iron core is attracted, the magnetic flux increases rapidly and a back electromotive force is generated.
- the coil current decreases once. After the iron core is attracted, the magnetic resistance becomes constant and the magnetic flux does not change.
- the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 divides the applied voltage by the winding resistance as shown by the period T3. It becomes a constant value.
- the on-resistance of the switching element 2 is several hundred m ⁇ and is sufficiently small with respect to the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1, the voltage drop at the switching element 2 is omitted in the calculation.
- the gap in the magnetic circuit becomes smaller, so that the attracted state of the iron core can be maintained even if the exciting current is reduced and energized. .
- the excitation current is reduced by the control microcomputer 13a driving the switching element 2 through the pulse drive circuit 12a and applying the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 to the electromagnet 1 as a pulse voltage.
- the winding resistance value Ra of the electromagnet 1 increases in proportion to the ambient temperature. Therefore, if the pulse width is constant, the exciting current decreases as the ambient temperature rises, and the winding current value is increased due to an instantaneous power failure or the like.
- the DC power supply voltage Va of the line power supply circuit 3 is reduced, the exciting current is reduced.
- the control microcomputer 13a uses the winding resistance value Ra obtained by the above calculation and the measured value of the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 to obtain the on-duty correction coefficient K for pulse control, Pulse control is performed with an on-duty of D1 ⁇ K obtained by multiplying the reference on-duty D1 by a correction coefficient K.
- the reference on-duty D1 is an on-duty capable of attracting and holding the iron core during stable operation of the winding power supply circuit 3 at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C., and is stored in the control microcomputer 13a in advance.
- the correction coefficient K is obtained by multiplying the correction coefficient K1 in consideration of the increase / decrease in the winding resistance value due to the ambient temperature by the correction coefficient K2 in consideration of the reduction of the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3
- K K1 ⁇ K2 Is calculated by the control microcomputer 13a.
- K1 winding resistance value Ra / reference winding resistance value R1
- K2 DC power supply voltage Va / reference power supply voltage V1
- the reference winding resistance value R1 is a resistance value and a reference power supply voltage V1 at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C. Is a voltage during stable operation of the winding power supply circuit 3.
- the correction coefficient K1 is corrected so that the on-duty increases in proportion to the winding resistance value.
- the correction coefficient K2 is corrected so as to increase the on-duty when the applied voltage of the winding decreases.
- the pulse drive circuit 12a operates at a pulse width of 100% for a period of several hundred ms indicated by Tb every several tens of seconds, and the switching element 2 is turned on for several hundred ms.
- the resistance value Ra of the winding of the electromagnet 1 is recalculated, and the on-duty until the iron core re-suction after the next several tens of seconds is determined. Is controlled to be constant.
- internal attachment devices using breaker electromagnets are subjected to external impacts such as body opening and closing impacts on the electromagnet, but the function of returning the iron core displaced by this external impact to its original position every tens of seconds. It also serves as an iron core re-suction.
- the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 increases due to the influence of heat radiation from the current-carrying part and the increase in ambient temperature. Is stored, and the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 rises when the winding resistance Ra obtained by the above calculation deviates from the lower limit due to rare shorting of the winding, or due to abnormal heat generation in the energizing section. When the winding resistance value exceeds the upper limit, the control microcomputer 13a outputs an alarm of winding resistance value abnormality via the alarm output circuit 7.
- the undervoltage tripping device of the circuit breaker internal accessory device has a time-delay operation type that maintains the iron core suction of the electromagnet for about 3 seconds after the input power is cut off.
- the exciting current continues to flow through the electromagnet 1 with the electric charge stored before the cutting off.
- the voltage Va applied to the electromagnet 1 decreases with the consumption of the charge of the time delay operation capacitor 8, so that when the switching pulse width of the switching element 2 is made constant, the excitation current is reduced.
- the on-duty increases as the applied voltage Va of the electromagnet 1 decreases, and the excitation current can be kept constant.
- the exciting current detection resistor 4 is attached outside the loop formed by the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5, the switching element 2 is in a conductive state. Power consumption is generated in the exciting current detection resistor 4 only at the time of, and power consumption is not generated when the switching element 2 is in a non-conducting state, so that power loss can be suppressed.
- the exciting current measuring circuit 11 measures the excitation current at a relatively large portion at the time of initial iron core suction and at the time of iron core re-suction.
- the excitation current detecting resistor 4 having a resistance value of 1/5 can be used as compared with the method of detecting the attraction holding maintenance current when trying to obtain the same detection voltage.
- a resistor having a small resistance value power consumption by the resistor can be suppressed, and a resistor having a small rated power can be used.
- a voltage drop proportional to the exciting current generated in the exciting current detection resistor 4 occurs only when the switching element 2 is in a conducting state. If the frequency is set to 15 kHz or more in order to avoid the audible range, the pulse width is narrowed to several ⁇ s to several tens ⁇ s. If a control microcomputer capable of sampling this pulse several times is selected, a high-performance and expensive microcomputer must be selected. If a 10 ⁇ s pulse can be sampled 10 times, a high-performance control microcomputer with a sampling period of 1 MHz or more is required, but if the excitation current detection period of T3 and T4 in FIG. In order to sample a 10 ms pulse 10 times, a control microcomputer having a sampling period of 1 kHz or more can be used, and an inexpensive general-purpose microcomputer having a low sampling frequency can be used.
- control microcomputer 13a stores the maximum change range of the winding resistance value.
- the alarm output circuit 7 outputs an alarm of abnormal winding resistance value, thereby causing a short circuit. Abnormal winding resistance due to abnormalities, etc.
- an abnormal alarm is generated when the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 increases and the winding resistance increases due to abnormal heating of the current-carrying part. Can be informed.
- the iron core can be kept attracted even if the exciting current is reduced and energized. And a measured value of the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3, an on-duty correction coefficient is obtained, and pulse control is performed at an on-duty obtained by multiplying the reference on-duty by the correction coefficient, whereby winding at ambient temperature is performed.
- the exciting current can be kept constant even when the line resistance value is increased or decreased or when the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 is reduced.
- the exciting current that is flowing is necessary for maintaining the attraction of the iron core.
- the problem is that the electromagnet 1 generates heat or the current consumption increases because the excitation current is lower than the excitation current or more than necessary, but the resistance value of the winding of the electromagnet 1 is recalculated every tens of seconds.
- the excitation current can be kept constant by calculating the on-duty correction coefficient until the iron core re-suction after the next several tens of seconds, and determining the on-duty and performing pulse control.
- the electromagnet driving device when used as an internal accessory device of a circuit breaker, external shocks such as a body opening / closing impact are applied to the electromagnet 1, but the iron core is re-attracted every several tens of seconds. Thus, the iron core displaced by an external impact can be returned to the original position.
- the electromagnet driving device when used for the time-delay operation type for maintaining the core suction of the electromagnet 1 for about 3 seconds after the input power source such as the undervoltage tripping device of the circuit breaker internal accessory device is cut off, During the delay period after the input power supply is cut off, the excitation current continues to flow through the electromagnet 1 with the electric charge stored in the delay operation capacitor 8, but the DC power supply voltage Va applied to the electromagnet 1 is applied to the delay operation capacitor 8. Since the voltage decreases as the electric charge is consumed, the excitation current can be kept constant even when the applied voltage of the electromagnet 1 is reduced by performing pulse control with an on-duty obtained by multiplying the basic on-duty by a correction coefficient.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the electromagnet driving device according to the second embodiment.
- the second embodiment shows another embodiment of the exciting current control unit 6a in the first embodiment, and has various effects similar to those of the first embodiment.
- an excitation current control unit 6b includes a control microcomputer 13b that performs energization of an excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of the electromagnet 1 by pulse control of the switching element 2, a control power supply 14 of the control microcomputer 13b, and a winding A power supply voltage measuring circuit 10 that measures the DC power supply voltage of the power supply circuit 3, a pulse drive circuit 12b that controls the pulse of the switching element 2, a transistor 20 that pulses the switching element 2 using a pulse output of the pulse drive circuit 12b, and a resistor 21 And a zener diode 22.
- the exciting current control unit 6b further includes a capacitor 23 that holds a detection voltage proportional to the exciting current generated in the exciting current detection resistor 4 when the switching element 2 is turned on, during the non-conducting period of the switching element 2, and the switching element 2
- a resistor 24 for preventing a current from flowing from the capacitor 23 to the exciting current detection resistor 4 in the non-conducting period
- a semiconductor switch 25 for connecting the capacitor 23 and the exciting current detecting resistor 4 only when the switching element 2 is conductive
- switching A Zener diode 26 and a resistor 27 that operate the semiconductor switch 25 only when the element 2 is conductive are provided. Since other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are used and description thereof is omitted.
- the electromagnet drive device is configured as described above, and the operation thereof will be described next.
- the winding resistance of the electromagnet 1 is generated by a voltage drop generated in the exciting current detection resistor 4 when the pulse width of the pulse control is operated at 100% for several hundreds of milliseconds every tens of seconds from the initial stage of core suction.
- the pulse width of the pulse control is determined by calculating the value.
- the horizontal axis is time
- the vertical axis is the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 in the pulse control period Tc of FIG.
- the pulse width of the pulse control is determined by the voltage drop generated in the exciting current detection resistor 4.
- the control microcomputer 13b calculates the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 by the method described in the first embodiment at the initial stage of iron core suction, determines the pulse width, and starts pulse control. Since the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 increases or decreases depending on the ambient temperature, when the pulse control is performed for a long time based on the winding resistance value calculated at the initial stage of core suction, the excitation current that is flowing is the excitation current necessary to maintain the suction of the core. Or an excessive excitation current is applied to cause the electromagnet 1 to generate heat or increase current consumption.
- the detection voltage proportional to the exciting current generated in the exciting current detecting resistor 4 when the switching element 2 is conductive is held by the capacitor 23 even during the non-conductive period of the switching element 2. Sampling becomes possible.
- the switching element 2 is an element that becomes conductive when the gate terminal voltage exceeds a threshold value
- the semiconductor switch 25 is an element that becomes conductive when the control terminal voltage exceeds a threshold value.
- Pulse control is performed by turning on and off the transistor 20 by the pulse drive circuit 12b. However, when the transistor 20 is on, the Zener diode 22 is short-circuited, and no voltage is applied to the gate terminal of the switching element 2. When turned off, a current flows from the resistor 21 to the Zener diode 22, and a voltage equal to the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 22 is applied to the gate terminal of the switching element 2.
- a Zener diode 26 having a Zener voltage characteristic lower than the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 22 and a resistor 27 are connected in parallel with the Zener diode 22 and connected to the control terminal of the semiconductor switch 25.
- the control terminal voltage of the semiconductor switch 25 rises later than the gate terminal voltage of the switching element 2, and at the falling time, the control terminal voltage of the semiconductor switch 25 falls earlier than the gate terminal voltage of the switching element 2. Therefore, the semiconductor switch 25 becomes conductive after the switching element 2 becomes conductive during pulse control, and the semiconductor switch 25 becomes nonconductive before the switching element 2 becomes nonconductive.
- the switching element 2 is turned on and the semiconductor switch 25 is turned on only when a detection voltage proportional to the excitation current is generated in the excitation current detection resistor 4, and the capacitor 23 is charged to hold the detection voltage.
- a voltage having a value within a range that can be regarded as being equal to the detection voltage of the excitation current detection resistor 4 is held at both ends of the capacitor 23.
- the holding voltage of the capacitor 23 is such that the non-conduction period of the switching element 2 is reduced by self-discharge due to the leakage current of the semiconductor switch 25 and the leakage current of the capacitor 23 itself, but does not affect the excitation current detection.
- the excitation current can be detected by selecting parts with the leakage current characteristics.
- the resistor 24 holds the capacitor 23 when a current flows from the capacitor 23 to the exciting current detection resistor 4 side when the switching element 2 and the semiconductor switch 25 are turned on or off at a timing that can be regarded as simultaneous. It works to prevent the voltage from dropping rapidly and affecting detection.
- the control microcomputer 13b reads a voltage signal proportional to the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 charged in the capacitor 23, and controls the switching element 2 via the pulse drive circuit 12b with a pulse width in which the excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of the electromagnet 1 flows. Pulse control.
- the exciting current detection resistor 4 is attached outside the loop formed by the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5, and thus the conduction state of the switching element 2. Power consumption is generated only in the exciting current detection resistor 4 and power consumption is not generated when the switching element 2 is in a non-conductive state, so that power loss can be suppressed.
- the excitation current detection signal of the electromagnet 1 is maintained even during the non-conduction period of the switching element 2, the excitation current can be detected even by an inexpensive general-purpose microcomputer having a low sampling frequency.
- an alarm is generated.
- An alarm of winding resistance value abnormality is output from the output circuit 7.
- an alarm is output when the winding resistance value increases due to an abnormal heating of the electromagnet 1 due to abnormal heating of the electromagnet when used in an internal accessory device such as a circuit breaker due to rare shorts, etc. By doing so, you can notify the abnormality.
- the electromagnet driving device when used as an internal accessory device of a circuit breaker, external shocks such as a body opening / closing impact are applied to the electromagnet 1, but the iron core is re-attracted every several tens of seconds. Thus, the iron core displaced by an external impact can be returned to the original position.
- FIG. 11 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of an electromagnet driving device according to Embodiment 3.
- the third embodiment shows still another embodiment of the exciting current control unit 6a in the first embodiment, and has various effects similar to those of the first embodiment.
- an excitation current control unit 6c includes a control microcomputer 13b that performs energization of an excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of the electromagnet 1 by pulse control of the switching element 2, a control power supply 14 of the control microcomputer 13b, and a winding A power supply voltage measuring circuit 10 that measures the DC power supply voltage of the power supply circuit 3, a pulse drive circuit 12a that controls the pulse of the switching element 2, and a detection that is proportional to the excitation current generated in the excitation current detection resistor 4 when the switching element 2 is conductive.
- the electromagnet drive device is configured as described above, and the operation thereof will be described next.
- the winding resistance of the electromagnet 1 is generated by a voltage drop generated in the exciting current detection resistor 4 when the pulse width of the pulse control is operated at 100% for several hundreds of milliseconds every tens of seconds from the initial stage of core suction. By calculating the value, the pulse width of the pulse control is determined.
- the voltage drop generated in the excitation current detection resistor 4 during the pulse control period Tc shown in FIG. Determine the pulse width of the pulse control.
- the control microcomputer 13b calculates the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 by the method described in the first embodiment at the initial stage of core suction, determines the pulse width, and starts pulse control. Since the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 increases or decreases depending on the ambient temperature, when the pulse control is performed for a long time based on the winding resistance value calculated at the initial stage of core suction, the excitation current that is flowing is the excitation current necessary to maintain the suction of the core. Or an excessive excitation current flows, causing problems such as heat generation of the electromagnet 1 and an increase in current consumption.
- the detection voltage proportional to the excitation current generated by the excitation current detection resistor 4 when the switching element 2 is conductive is held by the capacitor 23 even during the non-conduction period of the switching element 2. Sampling becomes possible.
- the photoMOS relay 30 is turned on at the output side when the current divided by the exciting current detection resistor 4 and the resistor 31 is energized to the input side. At this time, the current flowing through the resistor 31 is set to 1/10 or less of the current flowing through the exciting current detecting resistor 4 so that the exciting current detection of the electromagnet 1 is not affected.
- the holding voltage of the capacitor 23 decreases the non-conduction period of the switching element 2 due to the self-discharge due to the leakage current of the photo MOS relay 30 or the leakage current of the capacitor 23 itself, but it affects the detection of the excitation current.
- the excitation current can be detected by selecting a part having a leakage current characteristic that does not reach.
- the resistor 24 is a capacitor when the current flows from the capacitor 23 to the exciting current detection resistor 4 side when the switching element 2 and the photo MOS relay 30 are turned on or off at a timing that can be regarded as simultaneous.
- the holding voltage of 23 is abruptly lowered to avoid affecting the detection.
- the control microcomputer 13b reads a voltage signal proportional to the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 charged in the capacitor 23, and pulses the switching element 2 through the pulse drive circuit with a pulse width in which the excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of the electromagnet 1 flows. Control.
- the exciting current detection resistor 4 is attached outside the loop formed by the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5, so that the switching element 2 is in a conductive state. Only when the power consumption occurs in the exciting current detection resistor 4 and no power consumption occurs when the switching element 2 is in a non-conductive state, power loss can be suppressed.
- the excitation current detection signal of the electromagnet 1 is maintained even during the non-conduction period of the switching element 2, the excitation current can be detected even by an inexpensive general-purpose microcomputer having a low sampling frequency.
- an alarm is generated.
- An alarm of winding resistance value abnormality is output from the output circuit 7.
- an alarm is output when the winding resistance value increases due to an abnormal heating of the electromagnet 1 due to abnormal heating of the electromagnet when used in an internal accessory device such as a circuit breaker due to rare shorts, etc. By doing so, you can notify the abnormality.
- the electromagnet driving device when used for an internal accessory device of a circuit breaker, external shocks such as a body opening / closing impact are applied to the electromagnet 1, but the iron core is re-attracted every several tens of seconds. Thus, the iron core displaced by an external impact can be returned to the original position.
Abstract
Description
このような電磁石駆動装置では、鉄心吸引後の励磁電流の低減手段として、電磁石にパルス状の電圧を印加し、電磁石に電圧が印加されない期間は電磁石の逆起電力で発生する励磁電流がフライホイルダイオードを介して流れるようにして、常に巻線に励磁電流が流れるようにしている。また、鉄心吸引後の励磁電流を検出する方法として、電磁石とフライホイルダイオードで形成されるループの中に電流検出センサを設けて検出する方法が知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
上記制御マイコンは、上記電磁石の鉄心吸引初期時と鉄心再吸引時に、上記励磁電流検出抵抗の電圧降下と上記DC電源電圧の計測結果から上記電磁石の巻線抵抗値を算出し、上記電磁石の鉄心吸引初期時と鉄心再吸引時以外は、上記巻線抵抗値に基づいて上記DC電源電圧を上記スイッチング素子によりパルス電圧に変換して上記電磁石へ印加するパルス制御を行うものである。
この発明の上記以外の目的、特徴、観点及び効果は、図面を参照する以下のこの発明の詳細な説明から、さらに明らかになると考えられる。
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1に係る電磁石駆動装置の構成を示す回路図である。
図1において、電磁石1はスイッチング素子2に接続されている。スイッチング素子2が導通状態のときは、巻線用電源回路3よりDC電源電圧が電磁石1に印加される。スイッチング素子2が導通状態のときは、励磁電流検出抵抗4に励磁電流が流れ、励磁電流の大きさに比例した電圧降下が励磁電流検出抵抗4に発生する。フライホイルダイオード5は、スイッチング素子2が非導通のときに、電磁石1に発生する起電力を用いて電磁石1に励磁電流を流すために電磁石1に並列接続されている。即ち、電磁石1とフライホイルダイオード5によりループが形成されている。
制御マイコン13aは、巻線用電源回路3及び制御電源回路14が起動して電源供給を受けて起動した後、電源電圧計測回路10により、巻線用電源回路3のDC電源電圧が電磁石1の鉄心を吸引できる電圧まで上昇して一定値Vaで安定していることを確認する。巻線用電源回路3のDC電源電圧が一定値Vaで安定していることが確認できれば、パルス駆動回路12aを動作させて鉄心吸引を行う。
次に、この発明の実施の形態2に係る電磁石駆動装置について説明する。
図7は、実施の形態2に係る電磁石駆動装置の構成を示す回路図である。実施の形態2は、実施の形態1における励磁電流制御部6aの別の実施の形態を示すものであり、実施の形態1と同様な種々の効果を奏するものである。
実施の形態1では鉄心吸引初期時と数十秒毎に数百msの期間、パルス制御のパルス幅を100%で動作した時の励磁電流検出抵抗4に生じる電圧降下で電磁石1の巻線抵抗値を算出することにより、パルス制御のパルス幅を決定したが、実施の形態2では横軸を時間、縦軸を巻線用電源回路3のDC電源電圧とする図8のパルス制御期間Tcに励磁電流検出抵抗4に生じる電圧降下でパルス制御のパルス幅を決定する。制御マイコン13bは鉄心吸引初期時に実施の形態1で説明した方法により電磁石1の巻線抵抗値を算出し、パルス幅を決定してパルス制御を開始する。電磁石1の巻線抵抗値は周囲温度によって増減するため、鉄心吸引初期時に算出した巻線抵抗値を元に長い時間パルス制御した場合、流している励磁電流が鉄心の吸引維持に必要な励磁電流を下回ったり、必要以上の励磁電流を流してしまい電磁石1が発熱したり、消費電流が増える等の問題を生じる。このため、スイッチング素子2の導通時に励磁電流検出抵抗4に発生する励磁電流に比例した検出電圧をスイッチング素子2が非導通の期間もコンデンサ23で保持することにより、サンプリング周波数の低い安価なマイコンでもサンプリング可能となる。
次に、この発明の実施の形態3に係る電磁石駆動装置について説明する。
図11は、実施の形態3に係る電磁石駆動装置の構成を示す回路図である。実施の形態3は、実施の形態1における励磁電流制御部6aの更に別の実施の形態を示すものであり、実施の形態1と同様な種々の効果を奏するものである。
実施の形態1では鉄心吸引初期時と数十秒毎に数百msの期間、パルス制御のパルス幅を100%で動作した時の励磁電流検出抵抗4に生じる電圧降下で電磁石1の巻線抵抗値を算出することにより、パルス制御のパルス幅を決定したが、実施の形態3では実施の形態2と同様に、図8に示すパルス制御期間Tcに励磁電流検出抵抗4で生じる電圧降下により、パルス制御のパルス幅を決定する。
Claims (7)
- 電磁石に印加するDC電源電圧を出力する巻線用電源回路と、
上記DC電源電圧を計測する電源電圧計測回路と、
上記電磁石に直列接続され、上記電磁石の励磁電流の大きさに比例した電圧降下を発生する励磁電流検出抵抗と、
上記電磁石の励磁電流をスイッチング素子の介在により制御する制御マイコンと、を備え、
上記制御マイコンは、
上記電磁石の鉄心吸引初期時と鉄心再吸引時に、上記励磁電流検出抵抗の電圧降下と上記DC電源電圧の計測結果から上記電磁石の巻線抵抗値を算出し、
上記電磁石の鉄心吸引初期時と鉄心再吸引時以外は、上記巻線抵抗値に基づいて上記DC電源電圧を上記スイッチング素子によりパルス電圧に変換して上記電磁石へ印加するパルス制御を行うことを特徴とする電磁石駆動装置。 - 上記電磁石の巻線抵抗値が異常となった時にアラームを出力するアラーム出力回路を備えたことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電磁石駆動装置。
- 上記巻線用電源回路への入力電源の切断後に、上記電磁石の鉄心吸引を維持する電源供給を行う時延動作用コンデンサを備えたことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の電磁石駆動装置。
- 上記電磁石と並列接続されるフライホイルダイオードを備え、上記励磁電流検出抵抗を上記電磁石と上記フライホイルダイオードにより形成されるループの外に設けたことを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の電磁石駆動装置。
- 上記制御マイコンは、上記パルス制御のオンデューティの補正係数を求め、基準オンデューティに補正係数を掛けたオンデューティでパルス制御を行い、上記電磁石の巻線抵抗値が増減した場合や、上記DC電源電圧が低減した場合にも励磁電流の一定制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の電磁石駆動装置。
- 上記スイッチング素子が導通して上記励磁電流検出抵抗に励磁電流に比例した検出電圧が発生した時のみに導通する半導体スイッチと、上記制御マイコンに接続されたコンデンサと、を備え、
上記コンデンサは、上記励磁電流検出抵抗の検出電圧と等しい電圧で充電されると共に、充電された電圧を保持することを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の電磁石駆動装置。 - 上記スイッチング素子が導通して上記励磁電流検出抵抗に励磁電流に比例した検出電圧が発生した時のみに導通するフォトモスリレーと、上記制御マイコンに接続されたコンデンサと、を備え、
上記コンデンサは、上記励磁電流検出抵抗の検出電圧と等しい電圧で充電されると共に、充電された電圧を保持することを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の電磁石駆動装置。
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