EP3147923B1 - Electromagnet drive device - Google Patents

Electromagnet drive device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3147923B1
EP3147923B1 EP14892603.3A EP14892603A EP3147923B1 EP 3147923 B1 EP3147923 B1 EP 3147923B1 EP 14892603 A EP14892603 A EP 14892603A EP 3147923 B1 EP3147923 B1 EP 3147923B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electromagnet
excitation current
voltage
power supply
iron core
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14892603.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3147923A1 (en
EP3147923A4 (en
Inventor
Kazuhisa Matsuda
Akihiro Hayashi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Publication of EP3147923A1 publication Critical patent/EP3147923A1/en
Publication of EP3147923A4 publication Critical patent/EP3147923A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3147923B1 publication Critical patent/EP3147923B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
    • H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/04—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for holding armature in attracted position, e.g. when initial energising circuit is interrupted; for maintaining armature in attracted position, e.g. with reduced energising current

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnet drive device for driving an electromagnet included in a breaker or the like.
  • An electromagnet drive device for attracting the iron core of an electromagnet included in a breaker or the like performs control such that: at the time of initial attraction, large excitation current is caused to flow in the winding due to a gap of the magnetic circuit; and after the iron core is attracted, the excitation current is reduced and caused to flow in the winding due to the reduced gap of the magnetic circuit to maintain the attracted state.
  • a resistor is used for the current detection sensor and a voltage drop across the resistor is measured, which poses a problem of the excitation current always flowing in the resistor to increase power loss.
  • the current detection sensor is provided outside the loop formed by the electromagnet and the flywheel diode and in series with a switching element for applying pulsed voltage to the electromagnet to detect the excitation current by the current detection sensor only when the switching element is in on-state.
  • this method poses a problem of needing a high-performance and high-cost microcomputer with a high sampling frequency for detecting excitation current when the pulsed voltage applied to the electromagnet has a narrow pulse width or short pulse period.
  • Document US 5,671,115 discloses a circuit arrangement for driving a contactor by selecting a reference voltage proportional to the magnitude of the starting current of the respective contactor.
  • the starting current is kept constant during the starting time of the contactor.
  • a measurement voltage dropping across a measuring resistor is supplied to a first input of a comparator, a reference voltage being applied to a second input of the comparator.
  • the output of the comparator co-operates with a switching element which switches the starting current.
  • Patent US 5,757,214 discloses a pulse width modulate (PWM) driver circuit for driving an inductive load, having a load-current sensing resistor and a comparator having an input to which a PWM control reference voltage may be applied.
  • PWM pulse width modulate
  • Document DE 37 07 930 A1 discloses a circuit arrangement for electrical loads having a measurement resistor for monitoring the load current and a protection circuit for cutting off the load in the event of overload conditions, having threshold value switches and a multi-vibrator stage.
  • a current regulating circuit is connected to the measurement resistor whose regulated signal is applied to a controllable oscillator circuit whose output signal is passed, via a drive circuit, to a pulsed output stage for supplying the load.
  • an object of the present invention to provide an electromagnet drive device that suppresses power loss due to an excitation current detection resistor across which a voltage drop proportional to the amount of excitation current of an electromagnet occurs and that can be controlled by even a microcomputer with a low sampling frequency.
  • the electromagnet drive device of the invention includes: a winding power supply circuit that outputs DC power supply voltage to be applied to an electromagnet; a power supply voltage measurement circuit that measures the DC power supply voltage; an excitation current detection resistor connected in series with the electromagnet, across which a voltage drop proportional to the amount of excitation current of the electromagnet occurs; and a control microcomputer that controls the excitation current of the electromagnet through a switching element, wherein the control microcomputer, at the time of iron core initial attraction and the time of iron core re-attraction of the electromagnet, calculates the winding resistance value of the electromagnet from the measurements of a voltage drop across the excitation current detection resistor and the DC power supply voltage, and, in the time other than the time of iron core initial attraction and the time of iron core re-attraction of the electromagnet, performs pulse control in which, through on-duty based on the winding resistance value and a measurement value of the DC power supply voltage (Va), the DC power supply voltage is transformed into pulsed voltage to
  • a low-cost microcomputer with a low sampling frequency can be used to detect an electromagnet excitation current with pulsed voltage applied, which conventionally could not be detected by a microcomputer with a low sampling frequency.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of an electromagnet drive device in accordance with a first embodiment of the invention.
  • an electromagnet 1 is connected to a switching element 2.
  • DC power supply voltage is applied to the electromagnet 1 by a winding power supply circuit 3.
  • excitation current flows in an excitation current detection resistor 4, then a voltage drop proportional to the amount of excitation current occurs across the excitation current detection resistor 4.
  • a flywheel diode 5 is connected in parallel with the electromagnet 1 in order to cause excitation current to flow in the electromagnet 1 using counter electromotive force generated in the electromagnet 1 when the switching element 2 is in off-state. That is, a loop is formed by the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5.
  • An excitation current control section 6a includes: a power supply voltage measurement circuit 10 that measures the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3; an excitation current measurement circuit 11 that measures the voltage drop across the excitation current detection resistor 4 and detects the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 as an excitation current detection means; a pulse drive circuit 12a that pulse-controls the switching element 2; a control microcomputer 13a that calculates the pulse width that can cause excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of the electromagnet 1 to flow based on the values measured by the power supply voltage measurement circuit 10 and the excitation current measurement circuit 11 and controls the pulse width of the pulse drive circuit 12a; and a control power supply circuit 14 that supplies power to the control microcomputer 13a.
  • An alarm output circuit 7 outputs an alarm when the winding resistance value is abnormal due to a layer short circuit in the winding of the electromagnet 1 or the like, or when the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 increases due to an abnormal heat generation of the current-carrying part of a breaker, causing increase in the winding resistance value, or the like.
  • a time-delay operation capacitor 8 is a power-supply backup capacitor.
  • the time-delay operation capacitor 8 supplies excitation current to the electromagnet 1 during time-delay operation.
  • the electromagnet drive device in accordance with the first embodiment is configured as above. Next, its operation is described.
  • the control microcomputer 13a uses the power supply voltage measurement circuit 10 to determine whether or not the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 has increased to a voltage at which the iron core of the electromagnet 1 can be attracted, and is stable at a constant voltage Va. If determined that the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 is stable at the constant value Va, the control microcomputer 13a operates the pulse drive circuit 12a to perform the iron core attraction.
  • the control microcomputer 13a operates the pulse drive circuit 12a with a pulse width of 100% for several hundred milliseconds, as indicated by Ta in Fig. 2 in which the horizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicates DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3. Then, the switching element 2 is maintained in on-state for several hundred milliseconds, and the DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 is applied to the electromagnet 1. At this time, excitation current flowing in the electromagnet 1 is as shown in Fig. 3 in which the horizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicates the excitation current.
  • the excitation current starts to flow from the voltage application start point indicated by T1. Then, as the gap between the moving iron core and the stationary iron core decreases, the magnetic resistance decreases and the magnetic flux increases, then, when the moving iron core is attracted to abut against the stationary iron core, the magnetic flux rapidly increases to generate counter electromotive force, which temporarily reduce coil current at a point indicated by T2. After the moving iron core abuts against the stationary iron core, the magnetic resistance becomes constant and the magnetic flux no longer changes, then, when the counter electromotive force decreases to zero, the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 becomes a constant value of applied voltage divided by the winding resistance value as in the period indicated by T3.
  • the control microcomputer 13a obtains the measurement data of the voltage drop Vb from the excitation current measurement circuit 11 and the measurement data of the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 from the power supply voltage measurement circuit 10.
  • the on-resistance of the switching element 2 is several hundred milliohms, which is negligibly small in comparison with the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1, so, the voltage drop across the switching element 2 is omitted in the calculation.
  • the gap of the magnetic circuit has become small, so, even with the flowing excitation current reduced, the attracted state of the iron core can be maintained.
  • Reduction in the excitation current is performed by the control microcomputer 13a pulse-controlling the switching element 2 through the pulse drive circuit 12a and transforming the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 into pulsed voltage to be applied to the electromagnet 1.
  • the winding resistance value Ra of the electromagnet 1 increases in proportion to the ambient temperature as shown in Fig. 4 , so, with a constant pulse width, the excitation current decreases as the ambient temperature increases.
  • the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 decreases due to an instantaneous power failure or the like, the excitation current decreases.
  • the control microcomputer 13a uses the winding resistance value Ra obtained from the above calculation and the measured value of the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 to determine a correction coefficient K for the on-duty of the pulse control and performs the pulse control with an on-duty of D1 x K, which is the fundamental on-duty D1 multiplied by the correction coefficient K.
  • the fundamental on-duty D1 is an on-duty with which the iron core can be held attracted when the winding power supply circuit 3 stably operates at the ambient temperature of 20°C, which is previously stored in the control microcomputer 13a.
  • K1 is given by the winding resistance value Ra divided by a reference winding resistance value R1.
  • K2 is given by the DC power supply voltage Va divided by a reference power supply voltage V1.
  • the reference winding resistance value R1 is a resistance value at the ambient temperature of 20°C.
  • the reference power supply voltage V1 is a voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3 in stable operation. As shown in Fig.
  • the correction coefficient K1 performs correction so that the on-duty increases in proportion to the winding resistance value.
  • the correction coefficient K2 performs correction so that the on-duty increases as the voltage applied to the winding decreases.
  • the resistance value of the winding of the electromagnet 1 increases or decreases depending on the ambient temperature. So, when the pulse control is performed for a long time based on the winding resistance value Ra calculated during the time of iron core initial attraction Ta, the amount of flowing excitation current may fall below the amount necessary for maintaining iron core attraction, or the excess amount of excitation current may flow to cause the electromagnet 1 to generate heat or increase consumption current, or another problem may occur. As such, control is performed to maintain the excitation current constant, in which, as shown in Fig.
  • the pulse drive circuit 12a is operated with a pulse width of 100% and the switching element 2 is caused to be in on-state for several hundred milliseconds, then, when the excitation current becomes constant as in the period indicated by T4 in Fig. 3 , the resistance value Ra of the winding of the electromagnet 1 is recalculated to determine an on-duty for next several tens of seconds until iron core re-attraction.
  • an external impact such as a main body opening/closing impact
  • hits the electromagnet then the iron core shifted from an original position by the external impact can also be returned to the original position by the iron core re-attraction at intervals of several tens of seconds.
  • the control microcomputer 13a stores the maximum variation range of the winding resistance value, then, when the resistance value Ra of the winding obtained from the above calculation falls below the lower limit value due to a layer short circuit in the winding or the like, or when the winding resistance value exceeds the upper limit value due to increase in the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 caused by an abnormal heat generation of the current-carrying part, the control microcomputer 13a outputs an alarm of an abnormal winding resistance value through the alarm output circuit 7.
  • the under voltage trip device as the internal accessory device of the breaker or the like may perform time-delay operation for maintaining iron core attraction of the electromagnet for three seconds or so after the input power supply is cut off, in which, with the time-delay operation capacitor 8 attached, the excitation current is continuously caused to flow in the electromagnet 1 for a time-delay duration after the cut off of the input power supply, using an electrical charge stored before the cutoff.
  • the voltage Va applied to the electromagnet 1 decreases as the charge of the time-delay operation capacitor 8 is consumed. So, if the switching pulse width of the switching element 2 is constant, the excitation current decreases.
  • the pulse control is performed with an on-duty that is the fundamental on-duty D1 multiplied by the correction coefficient K, so the on-duty increases as the voltage Va applied to the electromagnet 1 decreases, which can maintain the excitation current constant.
  • the excitation current detection resistor 4 is provided outside the loop formed by the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5, so, power consumption occurs in the excitation current detection resistor 4 only when the switching element 2 is in on-state, and does not occur when the switching element 2 is in off-state, which can suppress the power loss.
  • the excitation current is measured by the excitation current measurement circuit 11 when the excitation current is relatively large at the time of iron core initial attraction and at the time of iron core re-attraction as indicated by T3 and T4 in Fig. 3 , so, assuming that the amount of excitation current at the time of iron core initial attraction and at the time of iron core re-attraction is 5 times as large as that of the held-attraction maintaining current, in order to obtain the same detected voltage, the excitation current detection resistor 4 with a resistance value one fifth as large as that of a resistor used in a method of detecting the held-attraction maintaining current can be used. Using a resistor with a small resistance value can suppress power consumption in the resistor, so a resistor having small normal rated power can be used.
  • the voltage drop proportional to the excitation current occurring across the excitation current detection resistor 4 occurs only when the switching element 2 is in on-state. If the pulse period of the pulse control at the time of held-attraction maintaining current flowing is set to 15 kHz or higher in order to avoid the audible frequency range, the pulse width would be as narrow as several microseconds to several tens of microseconds. In order to choose a control microcomputer that can sample this pulse several times, a high-performance and high-cost microcomputer must be chosen. For example, in order to sample a 10 ⁇ s pulse 10 times, a high-performance control microcomputer with a sampling frequency of 1 MHz or higher is needed.
  • control microcomputer 13a stores the maximum variation range of the winding resistance value and, when the winding resistance value is out of the maximum variation range, outputs an alarm of an abnormal winding resistance value through the alarm output circuit 7. So, when an abnormal winding resistance value due to a layer short circuit or the like occurs or when the electromagnet drive device is used as the internal accessory device of a breaker or the like and the winding resistance value increases due to increase in the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 caused by an abnormal heat generation of the current-carrying part, the control microcomputer 13a can notify of an abnormality by outputting an alarm.
  • the control microcomputer 13a uses the measured value of the winding resistance value Ra and the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 to determine the on-duty correction coefficient, then perform the pulse control with an on-duty that is the fundamental on-duty multiplied by the correction coefficient, which can maintain the excitation current constant even when the winding resistance value increases or decreases depending on the ambient temperature or when the DC power supply voltage Va of the winding power supply circuit 3 decreases.
  • the resistance value of the winding of the electromagnet 1 increases or decreases depending on the ambient temperature, so, when the pulse control is performed for a long time based on the winding resistance value calculated at the time of iron core attraction, the amount of flowing excitation current may fall below the amount necessary for maintaining iron core attraction, or the excess amount of excitation current may flow to cause the electromagnet 1 to generate heat or increase consumption current, or another problem may occur.
  • the excitation current can be maintained constant by recalculating the resistance value of the winding of the electromagnet 1 at intervals of several tens of seconds to calculate the on-duty correction coefficient for next several tens of seconds until iron core re-attraction, thereby determining an on-duty to perform the pulse control.
  • an external impact such as a main body opening/closing impact
  • hits the electromagnet 1 hits the electromagnet 1
  • the iron core shifted from an original position by the external impact can be returned to the original position by the iron core re-attraction at intervals of several tens of seconds.
  • the electromagnet drive device in accordance with the first embodiment is used for time-delay operation for maintaining iron core attraction of the electromagnet 1 for three seconds or so after the input power supply is cut off in the under voltage trip device as the internal accessory device within the breaker or the like, the excitation current is continuously caused to flow in the electromagnet 1 for a time-delay duration after the cut off of the input power supply, using an electrical charge stored in the time-delay operation capacitor 8.
  • the DC supply voltage Va applied to the electromagnet 1 decreases as the charge of the time-delay operation capacitor 8 is consumed.
  • the pulse control is performed with an on-duty that is the fundamental on-duty multiplied by the correction coefficient, which can maintain the excitation current constant even when the voltage applied to the electromagnet 1 decreases.
  • Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of an electromagnet drive device in accordance with the second embodiment.
  • the second embodiment is another embodiment of the excitation current control section 6a of the first embodiment and provides various effects similar to those of the first embodiment.
  • an excitation current control section 6b includes: a control microcomputer 13b that causes excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of an electromagnet 1 to flow by pulse-controlling a switching element 2; a control power supply 14 for the control microcomputer 13b; a power supply voltage measurement circuit 10 that measures DC power supply voltage of a winding power supply circuit 3; a pulse drive circuit 12b that pulse-controls the switching element 2; and a transistor 20, resistor 21 and zener diode 22 that pulse-drive the switching element 2 using a pulse output from the pulse drive circuit 12b.
  • the excitation current control section 6b further includes: a capacitor 23 that holds a detected voltage occurring across an excitation current detection resistor 4 in proportion to excitation current when the switching element 2 is in on-state also during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state; a resistor 24 that prevents current from flowing from the capacitor 23 toward the excitation current detection resistor 4 during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state; a semiconductor switch 25 that connects the capacitor 23 to the excitation current detection resistor 4 only when the switching element 2 is in on-state; and a zener diode 26 and resistor 27 that cause the semiconductor switch 25 to operate only when the switching element 2 is in on-state.
  • the remaining parts are configured in the same way as the first embodiment and are denoted by the same reference numerals with their description omitted.
  • the electromagnet drive device in accordance with the second embodiment is configured as above. Next, its operation is described.
  • the pulse width of the pulse control is determined by calculating the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 from a voltage drop occurring across the excitation current detection resistor 4 when the pulse control is performed with a pulse width of 100% at the time of iron core initial attraction and in a period of several hundred milliseconds at intervals of several tens of seconds.
  • the pulse width of the pulse control is determined from a voltage drop occurring across the excitation current detection resistor 4 in a pulse control period Tc shown in Fig. 8 in which the horizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicates DC power supply voltage of the winding power supply circuit 3.
  • the control microcomputer 13b calculates the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 using the method described in the first embodiment to determine the pulse width and start the pulse control.
  • the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 increases or decreases depending on the ambient temperature. So, when the pulse control is performed for a long time based on the winding resistance value calculated at the time of iron core initial attraction, the amount of flowing excitation current may fall below the amount necessary for maintaining iron core attraction, or the excess amount of excitation current may flow to cause the electromagnet 1 to generate heat or increase consumption current, or another problem may occur.
  • the capacitor 23 holds a detected voltage occurring across the excitation current detection resistor 4 in proportion to the excitation current when the switching element 2 is in on-state also during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state, so, even a low-cost microcomputer with a low sampling frequency can perform sampling.
  • the switching element 2 becomes in on-state when the gate terminal voltage exceeds a threshold.
  • the semiconductor switch 25 becomes in on-state when the control terminal voltage exceeds a threshold.
  • the pulse control is performed by the pulse drive circuit 12b turning the transistor 20 on and off.
  • the transistor 20 is in on-state, the zener diode 22 is short-circuited and no voltage is applied to the gate terminal of the switching element 2.
  • the transistor 20 is in off-state, current flows from the resistor 21 to the zener diode 22, then the same voltage as the zener voltage of the zener diode 22 is applied to the gate terminal of the switching element 2.
  • the zener diode 26 having a zener voltage characteristics lower than the zener voltage of the zener diode 22 and the resistor 27 are connected in parallel with the zener diode 22 and connected to the control terminal of the semiconductor switch 25.
  • the semiconductor switch 25 becomes in on-state and the capacitor 23 is charged to hold the detected voltage. So, as shown in Fig. 10 , a voltage having a value within a range in which the voltage is substantially equal to the detected voltage of the excitation current detection resistor 4 is held across the capacitor 23. As shown in Fig. 10 , the voltage held by the capacitor 23 decreases during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state due to leak current of the semiconductor switch 25 and self discharge of the capacitor 23 caused by its leak current.
  • the excitation current detection is possible by choosing a component having a leak current characteristics enough not to affect the excitation current detection.
  • the control microcomputer 13b reads a voltage signal charged across the capacitor 23 proportional to the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 and pulse-controls the switching element 2 through the pulse drive circuit 12b with a pulse width in which excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of the electromagnet 1 flows.
  • the excitation current detection resistor 4 is provided outside the loop formed by the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5, so, power consumption occurs in the excitation current detection resistor 4 only when the switching element 2 is in on-state, and does not occur when the switching element 2 is in off-state, which can suppress the power loss.
  • a detected signal of the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 is held also during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state, so, even a low-cost general-purpose microcomputer with a low sampling frequency can detect the excitation current.
  • the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 is calculated at the time of iron core initial attraction and the time of iron core re-attraction of the electromagnet 1, then, when the winding resistance value is out of the maximum variation range thereof, an alarm of an abnormal winding resistance value is output from the alarm output circuit 7. So, when an abnormal winding resistance value due to a layer short circuit or the like occurs or when the electromagnet drive device is used as the internal accessory device of a breaker or the like and the winding resistance value increases due to increase in the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 caused by an abnormal heat generation of the current-carrying part, an abnormality can be notified by outputting an alarm.
  • an external impact such as a main body opening/closing impact
  • hits the electromagnet 1 hits the electromagnet 1
  • the iron core shifted from an original position by the external impact can be returned to the original position by the iron core re-attraction at intervals of several tens of seconds.
  • Fig. 11 is a circuit diagram showing the configuration of an electromagnet drive device in accordance with the third embodiment.
  • the third embodiment is still another embodiment of the excitation current control section 6a of the first embodiment and provides various effects similar to those of the first embodiment.
  • an excitation current control section 6c includes: a control microcomputer 13b that causes excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of an electromagnet 1 to flow by pulse-controlling a switching element 2; a control power supply 14 for the control microcomputer 13b; a power supply voltage measurement circuit 10 that measures DC power supply voltage of a winding power supply circuit 3; a pulse drive circuit 12a that pulse-controls the switching element 2; a capacitor 23 that holds a detected voltage occurring across an excitation current detection resistor 4 in proportion to excitation current when the switching element 2 is in on-state also during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state; a resistor 24 that prevents current from flowing from the capacitor 23 toward the excitation current detection resistor 4 during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state; a Photo-MOS relay 30 that connects the capacitor 23 to the excitation current detection resistor 4 only when the switching element 2 is in on-state; a resistor 31 that causes operating current of the Photo-MOS relay 30 to flow only
  • the electromagnet drive device in accordance with the third embodiment is configured as above. Next, its operation is described.
  • the pulse width of the pulse control is determined by calculating the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 from a voltage drop occurring across the excitation current detection resistor 4 when the pulse control is performed with a pulse width of 100% at the time of iron core initial attraction and in a period of several hundred milliseconds at intervals of several tens of seconds.
  • the pulse width of the pulse control is determined from a voltage drop occurring across the excitation current detection resistor 4 in a pulse control period Tc shown in Fig. 8 .
  • the control microcomputer 13b calculates the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 using the method described in the first embodiment to determine the pulse width and start the pulse control.
  • the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 increases or decreases depending on the ambient temperature. So, when the pulse control is performed for a long time based on the winding resistance value calculated at the time of iron core initial attraction, the amount of flowing excitation current may fall below the amount necessary for maintaining iron core attraction, or the excess amount of excitation current may flow to cause the electromagnet 1 to generate heat or increase consumption current, or another problem may occur.
  • the capacitor 23 holds a detected voltage occurring across the excitation current detection resistor 4 in proportion to the excitation current when the switching element 2 is in on-state also during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state, so, even a low-cost microcomputer with a low sampling frequency can perform sampling.
  • the resistor 32 is provided so that the Photo-MOS relay 30 does not operate until a certain amount of current flows in the input side of the Photo-MOS relay 30. Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 13 , only when the switching element 2 is in on-state and a detected voltage proportional to the excitation current occurs across the excitation current detection resistor 4, the output side of the Photo-MOS relay 30 becomes in on-state and charging current flows in the capacitor 23, so, as shown in Fig. 14 , a voltage having a value within a range in which the voltage is substantially equal to the detected voltage of the excitation current detection resistor 4 is held across the capacitor 23.
  • the voltage held by the capacitor 23 decreases during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state due to leak current of the Photo-MOS relay 30 and self discharge of the capacitor 23 caused by its leak current.
  • the excitation current detection is possible by choosing a component having a leak current characteristics enough not to affect the excitation current detection.
  • the resistor 24 serves to prevent the voltage held by the capacitor 23 from rapidly decreasing to affect the detection.
  • the control microcomputer 13b reads a voltage signal charged across the capacitor 23 proportional to the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 and pulse-controls the switching element 2 through the pulse drive circuit with a pulse width in which excitation current necessary for holding the iron core of the electromagnet 1 flows.
  • the excitation current detection resistor 4 is provided outside the loop formed by the electromagnet 1 and the flywheel diode 5, so, power consumption occurs in the excitation current detection resistor 4 only when the switching element 2 is in on-state, and does not occur when the switching element 2 is in off-state, which can suppress the power loss.
  • a detected signal of the excitation current of the electromagnet 1 is held also during the period in which the switching element 2 is in off-state, so, even a low-cost general-purpose microcomputer with a low sampling frequency can detect the excitation current.
  • the winding resistance value of the electromagnet 1 is calculated at the time of iron core initial attraction and the time of iron core re-attraction of the electromagnet 1, then, when the winding resistance value is out of the maximum variation range thereof, an alarm of an abnormal winding resistance value is output from the alarm output circuit 7. So, when an abnormal winding resistance value due to a layer short circuit or the like occurs or when the electromagnet drive device is used as the internal accessory device of a breaker or the like and the winding resistance value increases due to increase in the ambient temperature of the electromagnet 1 caused by an abnormal heat generation of the current-carrying part, an abnormality can be notified by outputting an alarm.
  • an external impact such as a main body opening/closing impact
  • hits the electromagnet 1 hits the electromagnet 1
  • the iron core shifted from an original position by the external impact can be returned to the original position by the iron core re-attraction at intervals of several tens of seconds.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
EP14892603.3A 2014-05-23 2014-05-23 Electromagnet drive device Active EP3147923B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/JP2014/063664 WO2015177919A1 (ja) 2014-05-23 2014-05-23 電磁石駆動装置

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3147923A1 EP3147923A1 (en) 2017-03-29
EP3147923A4 EP3147923A4 (en) 2018-01-17
EP3147923B1 true EP3147923B1 (en) 2019-05-01

Family

ID=53751766

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14892603.3A Active EP3147923B1 (en) 2014-05-23 2014-05-23 Electromagnet drive device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3147923B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6246347B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR101852285B1 (ja)
CN (2) CN204537794U (ja)
WO (1) WO2015177919A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6246347B2 (ja) * 2014-05-23 2017-12-13 三菱電機株式会社 電磁石駆動装置
JP6851229B2 (ja) * 2017-03-10 2021-03-31 シャープ株式会社 ブレーキ制御装置、走行車両、およびブレーキ駆動方法
US11373828B2 (en) * 2018-03-23 2022-06-28 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic relay and control method thereof
CN109177952A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-11 上海拓为汽车技术有限公司 一种智能刹车系统电磁阀线圈pwm控制方法
CN112970159B (zh) * 2018-11-14 2023-10-20 三菱电机株式会社 电压跳闸装置及断路器
EP3924992A1 (en) * 2019-02-11 2021-12-22 Automation Engineering S.r.l. Power supply and control circuit of a solenoid and piloting or switching device provided with said circuit
CN110265260A (zh) * 2019-06-26 2019-09-20 浙江阿尔法电气有限公司 一种变频器软启动接触器驱动电路
CN110531692B (zh) * 2019-07-22 2021-03-19 湖南华润电力鲤鱼江有限公司 一种循环脉冲生成装置
EP3806127B1 (en) * 2019-10-08 2023-06-14 Fico Triad, S.A. Control system and method for an electromechanical contactor of a power circuit
CN112399651A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-02-23 广东格兰仕集团有限公司 一种加热电器的电磁铁驱动控制电路及加热电器

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61187304A (ja) * 1985-02-15 1986-08-21 Togami Electric Mfg Co Ltd 直流電磁石装置
JPS6313307A (ja) * 1986-07-04 1988-01-20 Komatsu Ltd ソノレイドのストロ−ク制御方法
DE3707930A1 (de) * 1987-03-12 1988-09-22 Bosch Gmbh Robert Endstufen-ansteuerung mit schaltregler
JP2512317B2 (ja) * 1988-04-11 1996-07-03 ミノルタ株式会社 電磁アクチエイタ―
DE3908192A1 (de) * 1989-03-14 1990-09-20 Licentia Gmbh Elektronische schuetzansteuerung
JPH06311637A (ja) 1993-04-21 1994-11-04 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 不足電圧引外し装置
DE4321252C2 (de) * 1993-06-25 1996-09-12 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur Ansteuerung eines Schützes
DE19503536A1 (de) * 1995-02-03 1996-08-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schaltungsanordnung für ein Einrückrelais
US5757214A (en) * 1995-07-19 1998-05-26 Stoddard; Robert J. PWM driver for an inductive load with detector of a not regulating PWM condition
CN1170294A (zh) * 1996-06-20 1998-01-14 李布尔 消毒电话机和电话消毒箱
JPH10289818A (ja) * 1997-04-14 1998-10-27 Fuji Electric Co Ltd 電磁接触器の電磁石装置
FR2786920B1 (fr) * 1998-12-07 2001-01-12 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Dispositif de commande standard d'un electro-aimant d'ouverture ou de fermeture d'un disjoncteur
FR2786914B1 (fr) * 1998-12-07 2001-01-12 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Dispositif de commande d'un electro-aimant, avec un circuit d'alimentation alimente par le courant de maintien de l'electro-aimant
CN101192806B (zh) * 2006-11-23 2010-10-27 全汉企业股份有限公司 一种变压器激磁周期的控制方法及其控制电路
JP5698938B2 (ja) * 2010-08-31 2015-04-08 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 燃料噴射装置の駆動装置及び燃料噴射システム
JP6246347B2 (ja) * 2014-05-23 2017-12-13 三菱電機株式会社 電磁石駆動装置

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015177919A1 (ja) 2015-11-26
EP3147923A1 (en) 2017-03-29
CN105097182A (zh) 2015-11-25
JPWO2015177919A1 (ja) 2017-04-20
CN204537794U (zh) 2015-08-05
EP3147923A4 (en) 2018-01-17
JP6246347B2 (ja) 2017-12-13
KR101852285B1 (ko) 2018-04-25
CN105097182B (zh) 2018-12-14
KR20160114655A (ko) 2016-10-05

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3147923B1 (en) Electromagnet drive device
KR101068718B1 (ko) 회로차단기용 이상전류 검출회로
US8918222B2 (en) Controlling and protecting power-supply paths from thermal overloads
CN107438890B (zh) 由电流互感器供电的电子跳闸单元和包括其的断路器
EP2804278B1 (en) Self-power circuit for protecting relay
US9425012B2 (en) Electromagnetic operation device for vacuum circuit breaker
EP2573891A2 (en) Overvoltage protection using a link current sensor
JP6650164B2 (ja) 自己給電型の電流センサ
US20180041025A1 (en) Method for operating an active converter connected to an electric machine, and means for implementing same
KR100928939B1 (ko) 전자접촉기의 코일 구동회로
RU2639306C2 (ru) Способ управления контактором и блок управления
US10305390B2 (en) Filter circuit for eliminating inrush current, DC coil control circuit, and electromagnetic contactor
JP5031051B2 (ja) 遮断器監視装置、遮断器監視装置の投入検出方法
EP2717289A1 (en) Electronic circuit breaker
JP7053193B2 (ja) アクチュエータ・デバイス、関連するアクチュエータ・デバイスおよび関連するスイッチング・ユニットを制御するための方法
EP2978116A1 (en) DC/DC converter circuit
JP6519498B2 (ja) スイッチング電源装置
CN111033282B (zh) 容错电磁线圈致动和监控
US11499341B2 (en) Electrical assembly
JP6858829B1 (ja) 電力変換装置
JP2012170232A (ja) 直流電圧変換装置及びその制御方法
JP2022190500A (ja) 継電器及び電磁開閉器
CN112805796A (zh) 具有掉电检测和自动重新通电的低功率螺线管

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20160629

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20171220

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H01H 33/59 20060101AFI20171214BHEP

Ipc: H01H 47/32 20060101ALI20171214BHEP

Ipc: H02H 1/06 20060101ALI20171214BHEP

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20181024

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: HAYASHI, AKIHIRO

Inventor name: MATSUDA, KAZUHISA

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20190314

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1128041

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190515

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602014046041

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190801

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190901

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: AL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190802

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190801

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 1128041

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190901

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190531

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190531

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602014046041

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190531

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190523

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20200204

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20190801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190523

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190531

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190801

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20140523

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R084

Ref document number: 602014046041

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20190501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 10

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230512

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20230412

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20230411

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20230331

Year of fee payment: 10