WO2015162963A1 - 画像取得装置及び画像取得方法 - Google Patents
画像取得装置及び画像取得方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015162963A1 WO2015162963A1 PCT/JP2015/052875 JP2015052875W WO2015162963A1 WO 2015162963 A1 WO2015162963 A1 WO 2015162963A1 JP 2015052875 W JP2015052875 W JP 2015052875W WO 2015162963 A1 WO2015162963 A1 WO 2015162963A1
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- image
- amplification factor
- image acquisition
- imaging condition
- pixels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/2018—Scintillation-photodiode combinations
- G01T1/20184—Detector read-out circuitry, e.g. for clearing of traps, compensating for traps or compensating for direct hits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/20—Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
- G01T1/208—Circuits specially adapted for scintillation detectors, e.g. for the photo-multiplier section
Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to an image acquisition device and an image acquisition method for acquiring a radiographic image of an object.
- An image acquisition device that acquires a radiation image that is a radiation transmission image of an object flowing on a belt conveyor is known for the purpose of foreign matter inspection and the like (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a radiation image of the object to be conveyed is acquired using a line scan camera.
- an object of one aspect of the present invention is to provide an image acquisition apparatus and an image acquisition method that can acquire a clearer radiation image.
- An image acquisition apparatus is an apparatus that acquires a radiographic image of an object conveyed in a conveyance direction, and a radiation source that outputs radiation, a conveyance apparatus that conveys the object in the conveyance direction, and A scintillator that converts radiation transmitted through the object into scintillation light, a line scan camera that detects the scintillation light and outputs a detection signal, and an amplifier that amplifies the detection signal at a predetermined set amplification factor and outputs the amplified signal
- a detection unit having an image generation unit that generates a radiographic image based on the amplification signal, and a second amplification factor that is lower than the first amplification factor or the first amplification factor based on a predetermined imaging condition
- a setting unit that sets one of the gains as a set gain.
- An image acquisition apparatus is an apparatus that acquires a radiographic image of an object conveyed in a conveyance direction, and a radiation source that outputs radiation and a conveyance that conveys the object in the conveyance direction.
- a device a scintillator that converts radiation transmitted through the object into scintillation light, a line scan camera that detects the scintillation light and outputs a detection signal, and a detection signal with an amplification factor set based on a predetermined imaging condition
- a detection unit having an amplifier that amplifies and outputs the amplified signal; and an image generation unit that generates a radiation image based on the amplified signal.
- an image acquisition method is a method for acquiring a radiographic image of an object conveyed in the conveyance direction, wherein the radiation transmitted through the object is converted into scintillation light, and a line scan camera is used.
- One of detecting a scintillation light and outputting a detection signal and setting a first amplification factor or a second amplification factor lower than the first amplification factor based on a predetermined imaging condition A step of setting as an amplification factor, a step of amplifying a detection signal at the set amplification factor and outputting the amplified signal, and a step of generating a radiation image based on the amplification signal.
- an image acquisition method detects radiation transmitted through an object by a line scan camera while conveying the object in the conveyance direction, outputs a detection signal, and is based on a predetermined imaging condition.
- Each step includes amplifying the detection signal with the amplification factor, outputting the amplified signal, and generating a radiation image based on the amplified signal.
- a detection signal based on radiation transmitted through an object is amplified at a predetermined set amplification factor to generate a radiation image.
- the set amplification factor is set based on a predetermined imaging condition. For example, either the first amplification factor or the second amplification factor that is lower than the first amplification factor is set. .
- An appropriate amplification factor for generating a clear radiographic image varies depending on the imaging condition. However, a clear radiographic image can be generated by setting the set amplification factor according to the imaging condition.
- the line scan camera may include a plurality of line sensors arranged in parallel in a direction intersecting the transport direction.
- the scintillation light which concerns on the target object conveyed in a conveyance direction can be reliably detected with the several line sensor paralleled in the direction which cross
- the imaging condition may be a parameter related to the luminance values of a plurality of pixels of the radiation image.
- the set amplification factor can be set appropriately.
- the imaging condition may be set based on a radiation image generated by the image generation unit.
- the imaging condition can be set reliably and easily.
- the imaging condition is set based on the radiation image generated by the image generation unit in an environment where the set amplification factor is the first amplification factor. It may be what was done.
- the radiation image generated with the first amplification factor having a relatively high amplification factor makes it easy to specify parameters relating to the luminance value of the pixel. Therefore, it is possible to appropriately set the imaging condition based on the radiation image.
- the parameter relating to the luminance value may be a statistical value of the luminance values of a plurality of pixels of the radiation image.
- the set amplification factor can be set more appropriately.
- the statistical value may be a degree of variation in luminance values of a plurality of pixels.
- the set amplification factor can be set appropriately.
- the plurality of pixels of the radiographic image may be a plurality of pixels related to different spaces of the radiographic image.
- the set amplification factor can be appropriately set in consideration of parameters of a plurality of pixels related to different spaces of the radiographic image.
- the plurality of pixels of the radiographic image may be a plurality of pixels related to different times of the radiographic image.
- the set amplification factor can be appropriately set in consideration of parameters of a plurality of pixels related to different times of the radiographic image.
- the imaging condition may be an output parameter of the radiation source.
- the set amplification factor can be set appropriately.
- the setting unit may have a table corresponding to the parameters of the imaging condition and set the set amplification factor using the table.
- the setting gain may be set using a table corresponding to the imaging condition parameter. By setting the set gain using the table, the set gain can be set reliably and easily.
- the setting unit may have a threshold corresponding to the parameter of the imaging condition, and set the set amplification factor using the threshold.
- the step of setting the set multiplication factor may set the set gain using a threshold value corresponding to a parameter of the imaging condition. By setting the set gain using the threshold value, the set gain can be set reliably and easily.
- a clear radiation image can be acquired.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an image acquisition apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the image acquisition apparatus 1 irradiates an object F transported in the transport direction TD with X-rays and transmits X-rays that are radiographic images based on the X-rays transmitted through the object F. It is a device that acquires images.
- the image acquisition apparatus 1 performs foreign object detection, baggage inspection, board inspection, or the like using the X-ray transmission image.
- the image acquisition device 1 includes a belt conveyor 60 that is a conveyance device, an X-ray irradiator 50 that is a radiation source, an X-ray detection camera 10, a control device 20 that is an image generation unit, a display device 30, and various inputs. And an input device 40 for performing the above.
- the belt conveyor 60 has a belt part on which the object F is placed, and conveys the object F in the conveyance direction TD at a predetermined conveyance speed by moving the belt part in the conveyance direction TD.
- the conveyance speed of the object F is 48 m / min, for example.
- the belt conveyor 60 can change the conveyance speed to a conveyance speed such as 24 m / min or 96 m / min as necessary.
- the belt conveyor 60 can change the height position of a belt part suitably, and can change the distance of the X-ray irradiator 50 and the target object F.
- FIG. Examples of the object F conveyed by the belt conveyor 60 include, for example, food such as meat, rubber products such as tires, resin products, metal products, resource materials such as minerals, waste, and electronic components and electronic boards.
- Various articles can be mentioned.
- the X-ray irradiator 50 is an apparatus that irradiates an object F with X-rays as an X-ray source.
- the X-ray irradiator 50 is a point light source, and irradiates it by diffusing X-rays in a predetermined irradiation range within a predetermined angle range.
- the X-ray irradiator 50 is directed to the belt conveyor 60 so that the X-ray irradiation direction is directed to the belt conveyor 60 and the diffusing X-rays span the entire width direction of the object F, that is, the direction intersecting the transport direction TD. Is disposed above the belt conveyor 60 at a predetermined distance.
- the predetermined division range in the length direction is set as the irradiation range, and the object F is transferred to the belt conveyor 60.
- X-rays are irradiated to the entire length direction of the object F by being conveyed in the conveyance direction TD.
- the X-ray irradiator 50 sets the tube voltage and the tube current by the control device 20 and irradiates the belt conveyor 60 with X-rays having a predetermined energy and a radiation dose according to the set tube voltage and tube current. .
- the X-ray detection camera 10 detects X-rays transmitted through the object F among the X-rays irradiated to the object F by the X-ray irradiator 50, and outputs a signal based on the X-rays.
- the X-ray detection camera 10 is a dual line X-ray camera in which two sets of configurations for detecting X-rays are arranged.
- X-ray transmission images are generated based on X-rays detected on the first line and the second line, which are the respective lines of the dual-line X-ray camera.
- the X-ray dose is smaller than when an X-ray transmission image is generated based on the X-rays detected in one line. It is possible to obtain a clear image with high brightness.
- the X-ray detection camera 10 includes scintillators 11a and 11b, line scan cameras 12a and 12b, a sensor control unit 13, amplifiers 14a and 14b as amplifiers, AD converters 15a and 15b, and correction circuits 16a and 16b. , Output interfaces 17a and 17b, and an amplifier control unit 18 as a setting unit.
- the scintillator 11a, the line scan camera 12a, the amplifier 14a, the AD converter 15a, the correction circuit 16a, and the output interface 17a are electrically connected to each other and have a configuration related to the first line.
- the scintillator 11b, the line scan camera 12b, the amplifier 14b, the AD converter 15b, the correction circuit 16b, and the output interface 17b are electrically connected to each other and have a configuration related to the second line.
- the line scan camera 12a of the first line and the line scan camera 12b of the second line are arranged side by side along the transport direction TD. In the following description, a configuration common to the first line and the second line will be described on behalf of the configuration of the first line.
- the scintillator 11a is fixed on the line scan camera 12a by adhesion or the like, and converts X-rays that have passed through the object F into scintillation light.
- the scintillator 11a outputs scintillation light to the line scan camera 12a.
- the line scan camera 12a detects the scintillation light from the scintillator 11a, converts it into electric charge, and outputs it as a detection signal to the amplifier 14a.
- the line scan camera 12a has a plurality of line sensors arranged in parallel in a direction crossing the transport direction TD.
- the line sensor is, for example, a CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) image sensor or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor, and includes a plurality of photodiodes.
- the sensor control unit 13 controls the line scan cameras 12a and 12b to repeatedly capture images at a predetermined detection cycle so that the line scan cameras 12a and 12b can capture X-rays transmitted through the same region of the object F. .
- the predetermined detection period is, for example, the distance between the line scan cameras 12a and 12b, the speed of the belt conveyor 60, and the distance between the X-ray irradiator 50 and the object F on the belt conveyor 60, FOD (Focus Object Distance: line.
- the cycle common to the line scan cameras 12a and 12b is It may be set. Further, the predetermined period may be individually set based on the pixel width of the photodiode in the direction orthogonal to the pixel array direction of the line sensor of each of the line scan cameras 12a and 12b. In this case, the distance between the line scan cameras 12a and 12b, the speed of the belt conveyor 60, and the distance between the X-ray irradiator 50 and the object F on the belt conveyor 60 is FOD (Focus Object Distance: between the source objects.
- FDD Fluor Distance
- the delay time may be specified and each individual period may be set.
- the amplifier 14a amplifies the detection signal at a predetermined set amplification factor and outputs the amplified signal to the AD converter 15a.
- the set amplification factor is an amplification factor set by the amplifier control unit 18. Based on a predetermined imaging condition, the amplifier control unit 18 sets either the high gain that is a relatively high gain or the low gain that is a lower gain than the high gain as the set gain of the amplifiers 14a and 14b. Set to one.
- the gain conversion is performed by switching the electric capacity. For example, 30 types from 0.5 pF to 15 pF can be selected in increments of 0.5 pF.
- the low gain may be an amplification factor that is relatively lower than the high gain.
- the low gain is an amplification factor of 1 and the high gain is an amplification factor of 2 Rate.
- the electric capacities can be freely combined, the number of electric capacities can be any number, and the low gain and high gain ranges can be freely set.
- the amplifier 14a for example, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, at least one of a current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x that amplifies the current signal and a voltage amplification amplifier 14y that amplifies the voltage signal can be used.
- the example shown in FIG. 2 is an example in which electric capacitance is connected in parallel to the current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x
- the example shown in FIG. 3 is an example in which a feedback resistor is connected in parallel to the voltage amplification amplifier 14y.
- the current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x converts the current signal output from the photodiode of the line scan camera 12a into a voltage signal.
- An electric capacitance C1 is connected in parallel to the current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x.
- the current signal is amplified with an amplification factor corresponding to the electric capacity C1, for example, the second amplification factor described above, and is output as a voltage signal.
- an electric capacitance C2 is connected in parallel to the current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x via the switch S1.
- the current signal When the switch S1 is in a connected state, that is, in a closed state, the current signal has an amplification factor larger than the amplification factor in the case of only the electric capacitance C1, according to the total electric capacitance of the electric capacitance C1 and the electric capacitance C2. For example, the signal is amplified with the first amplification factor described above and output as a voltage signal.
- a switch S2 is connected in parallel to the current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x.
- the switch S2 is a switch for resetting the electric capacity.
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets the set amplification factor of the current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x by controlling opening and closing of the switch S1 and the switch S2.
- the electric capacitances C1 and C2 may be the same electric capacitance or different.
- the number of electric capacities is not limited to two and may be three or more.
- the voltage amplification amplifier 14y amplifies the voltage signal output from the current-voltage conversion amplifier 14x.
- Feedback resistors R1, R2, and R3 are connected in parallel to the voltage amplification amplifier 14y.
- the feedback resistor R2 is connected in parallel via the switch S3, and the feedback resistor R3 is connected in parallel via the switch S4.
- the set amplification factor is determined by the ratio between the resistance value of the input resistor Ri provided on the input side and the resistance value of the feedback resistor.
- the amplifier controller 18 changes the resistance value of the feedback resistor by controlling the opening and closing of the switches S3 and S4, and sets the set amplification factor of the voltage amplification amplifier 14y.
- the resistance values of the feedback resistors R1, R2, and R3 may be the same or different.
- the set amplification factor may be set from a larger amplification factor by increasing the number of feedback resistors.
- the AD converter 15a converts the amplified signal output by the amplifier 14a into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal to the correction circuit 16a.
- the correction circuit 16a performs predetermined correction such as signal amplification on the digital signal, and outputs the corrected digital signal to the output interface 17a.
- the output interface 17a outputs a digital signal to the outside of the X-ray detection camera 10.
- the control device 20 is a computer such as a PC.
- the control device 20 generates an X-ray transmission image based on digital signals output from the X-ray detection camera 10, more specifically, the output interfaces 17a and 17b.
- the control device 20 generates one X-ray transmission image by averaging or adding two digital signals output from the output interfaces 17a and 17b.
- the generated X-ray transmission image is output to the display device 30 and displayed by the display device 30. Further, the control device 20 controls the X-ray irradiator 50 and the sensor control unit 13.
- control device 20 specifies a predetermined imaging condition and outputs the specified imaging condition to the amplifier control unit 18.
- the predetermined imaging condition is a setting reference for the amplifier control unit 18 to set a set amplification factor for the amplifiers 14a and 14b.
- the control device 20 specifies the imaging condition according to the X-ray signal area irradiated from the X-ray irradiator 50.
- the scintillators 11a and 11b include Gd 2 O 2 S: Tb, Gd 2 O 2 S: Pr, CsI: Tl, CdWO 4 , CaWO 4 , Gd 2 SiO 5 : Ce, Lu 0.4 Gd 1.6 SiO 5 , Bi Any of 4 Ge 3 O 12 , Lu 2 SiO 5 : Ce, Y 2 SIO 5 , YALO 3 : Ce, Y 2 O 2 S: Tb, YTaO 4 : Tm, etc. may be used.
- the fluorescence conversion efficiency differs depending on the type of scintillator, and it is desirable that the amplification factor of the amplifier can be set according to the fluorescence conversion efficiency.
- control device 20 uses, for example, CdWO 4 for the scintillator unit.
- the amount of fluorescence conversion of CdWO 4 is about 12-15 [photon / keV]
- X-ray photon fluorescence conversion is lower than.
- the amount of conversion of X-ray photons into visible light is lower under conditions where the X-ray energy is low, for example, a tube voltage of about 30 kV.
- the conversion amount when X-ray photons are converted into visible light is low, that is, when the scintillator section is CdWO 4 with a low fluorescence conversion amount and the tube voltage is 30 kV, the low gain is 1 ⁇ and the high gain is 2 ⁇ 12 bits.
- the image noise component is an area where the circuit noise is dominant over the quantum noise. For example, when the signal area is smaller than 300 count, the imaging condition is that the signal area is smaller than 300 count. .
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets the set amplification factor to a high gain based on the imaging condition that “the signal area is smaller than 300 count”.
- the control device 20 assumes that the high gain is twice, a value larger than 2047count, which is half of the maximum value 4095count of the 12-bit output, cannot be multiplied. , “The signal area is larger than 2047 count” is set as the imaging condition.
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets the set amplification factor to a low gain based on the imaging condition that “the signal area is larger than 2047 count”.
- the control device 20 sets the output parameters of the X-ray irradiator 50 or the parameters related to the luminance values of a plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image as the imaging condition.
- the imaging condition when the signal area is 300 counts to 2047 counts will be described. Since this set value also changes depending on the gain magnification and the type of scintillator, the set value may be changed depending on each condition.
- the control device 20 uses the output parameters of the X-ray irradiator 50, specifically, the tube voltage and tube current relating to the X-rays output from the X-ray irradiator 50 as imaging conditions.
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets the set amplification factor based on the imaging condition. Set to low gain.
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets the amplification based on the imaging condition. Set the rate to high gain.
- the control device 20 uses a parameter relating to the luminance values of a plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image as an imaging condition.
- An imaging condition based on such a parameter relating to the luminance value is specified based on an X-ray transmission image generated by the control device 20.
- the imaging condition may be specified based on an X-ray transmission image generated by imaging in a state where the object F is not flowed, or may be generated by imaging in a state where a test piece is flowed. It may be specified based on an X-ray transmission image.
- the imaging condition may be specified based on an X-ray transmission image generated by the control device 20 in an environment where the set amplification factor is a high gain.
- the specification of the imaging condition based on the X-ray transmission image will be described with reference to FIG.
- the parameter relating to the luminance values of the plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image is specified based on, for example, the X-ray transmission image Xa obtained by combining a plurality of X-ray transmission images Xp acquired by one imaging (see FIG. 4). ).
- the X-ray transmission image Xp obtained by one imaging includes a plurality of pixels corresponding to 100 pixels, which is the number of pixels of the line sensor.
- Such a plurality of pixels are a plurality of pixels in different spaces of the X-ray transmission image.
- the spatial axis direction which is a direction in which a plurality of pixels related to different spaces are arranged, may be described as a horizontal direction. In the example illustrated in FIG.
- the X-ray transmission image Xp is repeatedly captured a plurality of times, and 900 pixels, which are a plurality of pixels corresponding to the number of repetitions of imaging, are acquired.
- Such a plurality of pixels are a plurality of pixels related to different times of the X-ray transmission image.
- the time axis direction which is a direction in which a plurality of pixels related to different times are arranged, may be described as a vertical direction. Therefore, in the example illustrated in FIG. 4, when the pixels in the spatial axis direction and the time axis direction are combined, an X-ray transmission image Xa of 100 pixels ⁇ 900 pixels is acquired.
- the parameter relating to the luminance values of the plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image is, for example, a statistical value of the luminance values of the plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image.
- the statistical value is, for example, the degree of variation in luminance values of a plurality of pixels.
- the variation degree of the luminance values of the plurality of pixels is obtained based on the variation degree of the luminance values of the plurality of pixels in the spatial axis direction.
- the variation degree of the luminance values of a plurality of pixels in the spatial axis direction is obtained by calculating an average luminance that is an average value of luminance values in the temporal axis direction of pixels at the same position in the spatial axis direction.
- the average luminance can be obtained, and the average luminance can be obtained by comparing each average luminance in units of a plurality of pixels in the spatial axis direction.
- the degree of variation is obtained from the standard deviation or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value.
- the degree of variation is obtained based on an error (%) with respect to the maximum frequency of the average luminance distribution.
- the luminance fb is the most frequent luminance value, that is, the luminance value of the plurality of pixels as the luminance value of the plurality of pixels in the spatial axis direction averaged over time
- the error of the luminance value with respect to the luminance fb is the error of the luminance value with respect to the maximum frequency.
- the degree of variation may be obtained based on an error (%) with respect to the average value or the intermediate value.
- the degree of variation may be obtained based on an error with respect to an average value or an intermediate value of a plurality of pixels in the spatial axis direction obtained by time averaging.
- the degree of variation may be obtained based on the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of a plurality of pixels in the spatial axis direction obtained by time averaging.
- the variation degree of the luminance values of the plurality of pixels may be obtained from the variation degree of the luminance values of the plurality of pixels in the time axis direction.
- an average luminance that is an average value of the luminance values of the pixels acquired at the same time is obtained, that is, a spatial average luminance is obtained, and each average luminance is compared in units of a plurality of pixels in the time axis direction. It can ask for.
- the luminance value in the present embodiment may be an analog value or a digital value.
- the setting of the set amplification factor based on the imaging condition by the amplifier control unit 18 described above may be performed based on a table corresponding to the imaging condition parameter such as the degree of variation of the luminance value. That is, the amplifier control unit 18 stores a table corresponding to the imaging condition parameters in advance, and determines whether to set a high gain or a low gain as the set gain using the table. Also good.
- the setting of the set amplification factor based on the imaging condition by the amplifier control unit 18 may be performed based on a threshold value corresponding to a parameter of the imaging condition such as a degree of variation in luminance value. That is, the amplifier control unit 18 stores a threshold value corresponding to the imaging condition parameter in advance, and sets a high gain or a low gain as the set amplification factor depending on whether or not the threshold value is exceeded. You may decide.
- This image acquisition method is an image acquisition method for acquiring an X-ray transmission image of the object F conveyed in the conveyance direction TD.
- X-rays are output by the X-ray irradiator 50 that is an X-ray source. Further, the object F is transported in the transport direction TD by the belt conveyor 60. Subsequently, the X-rays transmitted through the object F are converted into scintillation light by the scintillators 11a and 11b of the X-ray detection camera 10. Subsequently, scintillation light is detected by the line scan cameras 12a and 12b, and a detection signal is output.
- the amplifiers 14a and 14b amplify the detection signal at a predetermined set amplification factor and output an amplified signal.
- the amplifier control unit 18 determines whether either high gain or low gain having an amplification factor lower than the high gain is set based on a predetermined imaging condition. It is set as the set gain.
- an X-ray transmission image is generated by the control device 20 based on the amplified signal.
- a detection signal based on X-rays that have passed through the object F is amplified at a predetermined set amplification factor, and an X-ray transmission image is generated.
- the set amplification factor is set to either a high gain or a low gain that is an amplification factor lower than the first amplification factor based on a predetermined imaging condition.
- the appropriate amplification factor for generating a clear X-ray transmission image varies depending on the imaging conditions. By selecting a set amplification factor according to the imaging conditions, a clear X-ray transmission image is generated. Can do.
- the line scan cameras 12a and 12b of the image acquisition device 1 have a plurality of line sensors arranged in parallel in a direction intersecting the transport direction TD.
- the scintillation light related to the object F can be reliably detected by the plurality of line sensors.
- the amplifier control unit 18 can appropriately set the set amplification factor by setting the imaging condition as a parameter related to the luminance values of a plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image.
- the parameter relating to the luminance value is a statistical value of the luminance value of a plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image, and the statistical value is a degree of variation of the luminance value of the plurality of pixels.
- the X-ray dose incident on the X-ray detection camera 10 is reduced.
- the X-ray dose incident on the X-ray detection camera 10 is increased in the portion of the object F that is composed of components that easily transmit X-rays. Due to such a difference in X-ray dose, the luminance values of a plurality of pixels in the X-ray transmission image vary. When the variation degree of the luminance value is large, the X-ray transmission image becomes clear by setting a low gain.
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets a high gain or a low gain using variations in luminance values of a plurality of pixels as imaging conditions, a clear X-ray transmission image with improved SN can be generated. it can.
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets a high gain, thereby increasing the signal amount and extending the life. Since the signal amount is increased by changing the setting of the amplifier control unit 18, an operation for increasing the tube voltage and the tube current, which are output parameters of the X-ray irradiator 50, is not required.
- the life of the X-ray irradiator 50 is affected by the tube voltage and tube current, which are output parameters, and the life of the X-ray irradiator 50 is shortened as these values increase.
- the signal amount is increased by changing the gain setting by the amplifier control unit 18, the signal amount can be increased without increasing the output of the X-ray irradiator 50. Therefore, the life of the X-ray irradiator 50 can be extended. it can. Further, it has been found that the lifetimes of the line scan cameras 12a and 12b and the scintillators 11a and 11b are affected by the X-ray exposure dose.
- the signal amount when the signal amount is increased by changing the gain setting by the amplifier control unit 18, the signal amount can be increased without increasing the output parameter of the X-ray irradiator 50. Therefore, the line scan cameras 12a and 12b and the scintillator The lifetime of 11a, 11b can be extended.
- the imaging condition is set based on the X-ray transmission image generated by the control device 20, the imaging condition can be easily set. Further, since the X-ray transmission image related to the setting of the imaging condition is generated in an environment in which the amplifier control unit 18 is set to a high gain setting, parameters relating to the luminance values of a plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image are set. It becomes clear and the parameter regarding the luminance value can be easily specified. Thereby, an imaging condition can be set more easily and appropriately based on the X-ray transmission image.
- the plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image are a plurality of pixels related to different spaces of the X-ray transmission image.
- the set amplification factor can be appropriately set in consideration of parameters of a plurality of pixels related to different spaces of the X-ray transmission image.
- the plurality of pixels of the X-ray transmission image may be a plurality of pixels related to different times of the X-ray transmission image.
- the set amplification factor can be appropriately set in consideration of parameters of a plurality of pixels related to different times of the X-ray transmission image.
- the imaging conditions may be based on output parameters of the X-ray irradiator 50, specifically, tube voltage and tube current relating to X-rays output from the X-ray irradiator 50.
- the tube voltage of the X-ray irradiator 50 is high and the tube current is low, the luminance values of a plurality of pixels tend to vary. Therefore, when the tube voltage related to the X-rays set as the imaging condition by the control device 20 is higher than the predetermined value and the tube current is lower than the predetermined value, the amplifier control unit 18 sets the set amplification based on the imaging condition. Set the rate to low gain.
- the amplifier control unit 18 sets the amplification based on the imaging condition. Set the rate to high gain. Thereby, the set amplification factor can be set appropriately.
- the amplifier control unit 18 may have a table corresponding to the imaging condition parameter, and may determine whether to set a high gain or a low gain as the set gain using the table. Thereby, the setting gain can be set reliably and easily.
- the amplifier control unit 18 has a threshold corresponding to the parameter of the imaging condition, and determines whether to set a high gain or a low gain as the set gain depending on whether or not the threshold is exceeded. May be. Thereby, the setting gain can be set reliably and easily.
- the X-ray detection camera has been described as being a dual-line X-ray camera, but is not limited thereto, and is a single-line X-ray camera, a dual energy X-ray camera, or a TDI (Time Delay Integration) scan X-ray camera. Also good.
- TDI Time Delay Integration
- SYMBOLS 1 Image acquisition apparatus, 10 ... X-ray detection camera, 11a, 11b ... Scintillator, 12a, 12b ... Line scan camera, 14a, 14b ... Amplifier, 14x ... Current-voltage conversion amplifier, 14y ... Voltage amplification amplifier, 18 ... Amplifier control Part, 20 ... control device, 50 ... X-ray irradiator, F ... object, TD ... transport direction.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
- 搬送方向に搬送される対象物の放射線画像を取得する画像取得装置であって、
放射線を出力する放射線源と、
前記対象物を前記搬送方向に搬送する搬送装置と、
前記対象物を透過した放射線をシンチレーション光に変換するシンチレータ、前記シンチレーション光を検出し検出信号を出力するラインスキャンカメラ、及び、所定の設定増幅率にて前記検出信号を増幅し該増幅信号を出力する増幅器を有する検出部と、
前記増幅信号に基づいて、放射線画像を生成する画像生成部と、
所定の撮像条件に基づいて、第1の増幅率又は第1の増幅率よりも低い増幅率である第2の増幅率のいずれか一方を前記設定増幅率として設定する設定部と、を備える画像取得装置。 - 前記ラインスキャンカメラは、前記搬送方向と交差する方向に並列した複数のラインセンサを有する、請求項1記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記撮像条件は、放射線画像の複数の画素の輝度値に関するパラメータである、請求項1又は2記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記撮像条件は、前記画像生成部により生成される放射線画像に基づいて設定されたものである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記撮像条件は、前記設定増幅率を前記第1の増幅率とした環境下で、前記画像生成部により生成される放射線画像に基づいて設定されたものである、請求項4記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記輝度値に関するパラメータは、放射線画像の複数の画素の輝度値の統計値である、請求項3記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記統計値は、複数の画素の輝度値のばらつき度合いである、請求項6記載の画像取得装置。
- 放射線画像の複数の画素は、放射線画像の異なる空間に係る複数の画素である、請求項3~7のいずれか一項記載の画像取得装置。
- 放射線画像の複数の画素は、放射線画像の異なる時間に係る複数の画素である、請求項3~8のいずれか一項記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記撮像条件は、前記放射線源の出力パラメータである、請求項1~9のいずれか一項記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記設定部は、前記撮像条件のパラメータに対応するテーブルを有し、該テーブルを用いて前記設定増幅率を設定する、請求項1~10のいずれか一項記載の画像取得装置。
- 前記設定部は、前記撮像条件のパラメータに対応する閾値を有し、該閾値を用いて前記設定増幅率を設定する、請求項1~11のいずれか一項記載の画像取得装置。
- 搬送方向に搬送される対象物の放射線画像を取得する画像取得方法であって、
前記対象物を透過した放射線をシンチレーション光に変換し、ラインスキャンカメラにより前記シンチレーション光を検出し検出信号を出力するステップと、
所定の撮像条件に基づいて、第1の増幅率又は第1の増幅率よりも低い増幅率である第2の増幅率のいずれか一方を設定増幅率として設定するステップと、
前記設定増幅率にて前記検出信号を増幅し増幅信号を出力するステップと、
前記増幅信号に基づいて放射線画像を生成するステップと、を備える画像取得方法。
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