WO2015146945A1 - 工作機械の制御装置及びこの制御装置を備えた工作機械 - Google Patents
工作機械の制御装置及びこの制御装置を備えた工作機械 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015146945A1 WO2015146945A1 PCT/JP2015/058825 JP2015058825W WO2015146945A1 WO 2015146945 A1 WO2015146945 A1 WO 2015146945A1 JP 2015058825 W JP2015058825 W JP 2015058825W WO 2015146945 A1 WO2015146945 A1 WO 2015146945A1
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- cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/02—Arrangements for chip-breaking in turning-machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/04—Tool holders for a single cutting tool
- B23B29/12—Special arrangements on tool holders
- B23B29/125—Vibratory toolholders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/0075—Controlling reciprocating movement, e.g. for planing-machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/10—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting speed or number of revolutions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/12—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring vibration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/4093—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by part programming, e.g. entry of geometrical information as taken from a technical drawing, combining this with machining and material information to obtain control information, named part programme, for the NC machine
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2250/00—Compensating adverse effects during milling
- B23C2250/16—Damping vibrations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49053—Break chips, spiral chips, interrupt momentarily in feed during two or more rotations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49055—Remove chips from probe, tool by vibration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49277—Oscillating, swinging feed drive, for grinding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49382—Movement reciprocating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control device for a machine tool that processes a workpiece while sequentially cutting chips at the time of cutting, and a machine tool provided with the control device.
- a workpiece holding means for holding a workpiece for holding a workpiece
- a tool rest for holding a cutting tool for cutting the workpiece
- a relative movement of the workpiece holding means and the tool rest to fix the cutting tool to the workpiece.
- the workpiece holding means and the tool post relatively vibrate so that the cutting tool is fed in the machining feed direction while reciprocatingly vibrating along the machining feed direction.
- a machine tool including a vibrating unit that rotates and a rotating unit that relatively rotates the workpiece and the cutting tool is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the machine tool control device drives and controls the rotation unit, the feeding unit, and the vibration unit, and performs a relative rotation between the workpiece and the cutting tool, and the processing feed direction of the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece.
- the machine tool is caused to perform machining of the workpiece by the feeding operation accompanied with the reciprocating vibration.
- the operation command by the control device can be given only at a predetermined cycle.
- the vibration frequency for relatively vibrating the workpiece holding means and the tool rest is a limited value resulting from a period in which an operation command can be issued by the control device.
- the conventional machine tool does not consider the vibration frequency, the reciprocating vibration cannot be performed under the condition of the relative rotation speed desired by the user and the vibration frequency of the cutting tool with respect to the work per work rotation. There was a problem that there was a case.
- the present invention solves the problems of the prior art as described above, that is, the object of the present invention is to reciprocate the cutting tool along the machining feed direction based on the conditions set by the user. It is to provide a machine tool control device and a machine tool equipped with the control device that can smoothly cut a workpiece while feeding in the machining feed direction while cutting and cutting chips.
- the machine tool control device is provided in a machine tool including a workpiece holding means for holding a workpiece and a tool post for holding a cutting tool for cutting the workpiece, and the workpiece holding means.
- Feeding means for feeding the cutting tool to the workpiece in a predetermined machining feed direction by relative movement with the tool post, and the cutting tool reciprocally oscillating along the machining feed direction in the machining feed direction.
- the workpiece and the cutting tool are driven and controlled so as to relatively vibrate the workpiece holding means and the tool post, and the rotating means that relatively rotates the workpiece and the cutting tool. And the feed tool with the reciprocating vibration in the feed direction of the cutting tool with respect to the workpiece.
- the rotational speed of the relative rotation when the workpiece is processed, the frequency of the reciprocating vibration per one rotation of the relative rotation, and an operation command by the control apparatus are possible.
- the setting means for setting the value of at least one parameter using the vibration frequency caused by the period as a parameter, and the unset parameter is set to a predetermined value, and is set by the setting means based on the value of the parameter
- the machine tool control device includes the vibration means that includes a cutting portion during forward movement and a cutting during backward movement.
- the above-described problem is further solved by adopting a configuration in which the workpiece holding means and the tool rest are reciprocally oscillated relatively so as to overlap the machining portion.
- the correction means is a constant based on the vibration frequency, and An unset parameter is set to a predetermined value and the set parameter value is corrected so that the rotation speed and the vibration frequency are inversely proportional, thereby further solving the above-described problem It is.
- the machine tool control device is a parameter that is set by the setting means.
- the number of revolutions is set, and the correction means sets the vibration frequency to a plurality of predetermined values, the vibration frequency is set to a predetermined value inherent in the control device, and is set by the setting means.
- the above-described problem is further solved by correcting the value of the rotational speed based on the value of each frequency and a predetermined vibration frequency.
- the machine tool control device is a parameter set by the setting means, The rotation speed and the vibration frequency are set, and the correction unit is configured to correct the set rotation speed and the vibration frequency to values of the rotation speed and the vibration frequency determined based on the vibration frequency.
- the machine control device is configured so that the setting means includes a predetermined peripheral speed and the workpiece.
- the machine control device is configured so that the setting means includes a predetermined peripheral speed and the workpiece.
- the machine tool control device according to claim 7 is configured such that the setting means sets the frequency per vibration. By being configured to be set as the rotation speed, the above-described problem is further solved.
- the machine tool control device In addition to the configuration of the machine tool control device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, the machine tool control device according to claim 8 is characterized in that the setting means performs machining of the machine tool.
- the above-described problem is further solved by reading the frequency described as an argument in the program block in the program and setting it as the frequency.
- the correction unit is configured so that the correction unit includes the vibration frequency and the vibration frequency.
- the rotation speed set is configured to be corrected to the rotation speed value in the table, and the corrected rotation speed and the rotation speed are The above-described problem is further solved by configuring the workpiece to be executed by the frequency and the vibration frequency in the corresponding table.
- the correction means includes the order in which the frequency in the table is high and the vibration frequency.
- the machine tool control device is configured to adjust the feed amount of the cutting tool to the workpiece.
- Amplitude setting means is provided for proportionally setting the amplitude of the reciprocating vibration, and the amplitude setting means and the vibration means are mutually connected so that the cutting portion at the time of forward movement and the cutting portion at the time of backward movement overlap.
- the amplitude setting means is described as an argument in a program block of the machining program of the machine tool.
- the above-described problem is further solved by reading the ratio of the amplitude to the feed amount and calculating and setting the amplitude.
- the machine tool according to claim 13 is provided with the control device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, thereby solving the above-described problem.
- the machine tool according to claim 14 includes, in addition to the configuration of the machine tool according to claim 13, a spindle moving mechanism that uses the spindle holding the workpiece as the workpiece holding means and moves the spindle in the axial direction.
- a turret moving mechanism for moving the turret relative to the spindle, and the feeding means includes the spindle moving mechanism and the turret moving mechanism, and the spindle moving mechanism and the turret moving mechanism.
- the machine tool according to claim 15 is provided with a spindle for holding the workpiece as the workpiece holding means, and the spindle is fixedly provided on the machine tool side.
- the machine tool according to claim 16 is provided with the tool post fixedly provided on the machine tool side, and the main spindle for holding the workpiece is the workpiece holding means. And a spindle moving mechanism for moving the spindle in a plurality of directions, and the feeding means is composed of the spindle moving mechanism, and the spindle is moved in the feed machining direction with respect to the tool post positioned in the feed machining direction.
- the above-described problem is further solved by moving the cutting tool to the workpiece by moving it.
- the control device for a machine tool of the present invention can correct the parameter value set by the setting means to an approximate value of the parameter value by the correction means, and cause the workpiece to be machined. Smooth cutting of the workpiece while cutting the chip into the machine feed direction while reciprocally vibrating the machine tool along the machining feed direction under the conditions relatively close to the conditions set by Can be made. As a result, the workpiece can be processed under conditions that are relatively close to the parameter values intended by the user.
- the amplitude setting means and the vibration means are linked to each other so that the cutting portion at the time of forward movement and the cutting portion at the time of backward movement are overlapped, the amplitude is increased even when the feed amount is increased. Therefore, it is possible to divide chips reliably with an appropriate amplitude.
- the machine tool of the present invention can smoothly cut the workpiece while cutting the chips by the control device of the machine tool.
- the figure which shows the outline of the machine tool of 1st Example of this invention Schematic which shows the relationship between the cutting tool of 1st Example of this invention, and a workpiece
- the table of the rotation speed corresponding to the vibration frequency and vibration frequency of 2nd Example of this invention.
- the present invention is provided in a machine tool having a work holding means for holding a work and a tool post for holding a cutting tool for cutting the work, and the relative movement between the work holding means and the tool post causes the workpiece to move relative to the work.
- the workpiece holding means and the tool post are relatively moved so that the cutting tool is fed in the machining feed direction and the cutting tool is fed in the machining feed direction while reciprocally oscillating along the machining feed direction.
- Drive control that drives and controls the vibration means that vibrates and the rotation means that rotates the workpiece and the cutting tool relative to each other, and the relative rotation between the workpiece and the cutting tool and the reciprocating vibration in the machining feed direction of the cutting tool relative to the workpiece.
- the rotational speed of the relative rotation when the workpiece is processed and the rotation per one rotation of the relative rotation Using the vibration frequency and the vibration frequency resulting from the period in which an operation command can be issued by the control device as parameters, setting means for setting the value of at least one parameter, and setting an unset parameter to a predetermined value,
- the correction means for correcting the parameter value set by the setting means based on the parameter value is provided, so that the parameter value set by the setting means is corrected by the correction means and the workpiece is processed.
- the cutting tool is fed to the machine tool in the machining feed direction while being reciprocally oscillated along the machining feed direction under a condition relatively close to the condition set by the setting means. As long as the processing is performed smoothly, any specific embodiment may be used.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of a machine tool 100 including a control device C according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the machine tool 100 includes a main shaft 110 and a cutting tool table 130A.
- a chuck 120 is provided at the tip of the main shaft 110.
- the workpiece W is held on the spindle 110 via the chuck 120, and the spindle 110 is configured as a workpiece holding means for holding the workpiece.
- the main shaft 110 is supported by the main shaft 110A so as to be rotationally driven by the power of a main shaft motor (not shown).
- a main spindle motor a conventionally known built-in motor formed between the main spindle 110A and the main spindle 110 in the main spindle 110A can be considered.
- the headstock 110A is mounted on the bed side of the machine tool 100 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction, which is the axial direction of the main shaft 110, by the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160.
- the spindle 110 is moved in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 via the spindle stock 110A.
- the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 constitutes a main shaft moving mechanism that moves the main shaft 110 in the Z-axis direction.
- the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 includes a base 161 integrated with a fixed side of the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 such as the bed, and a Z-axis direction guide rail 162 provided on the base 161 and extending in the Z-axis direction. Yes.
- a Z-axis direction feed table 163 is slidably supported on the Z-axis direction guide rail 162 via a Z-axis direction guide 164.
- a mover 165a of the linear servo motor 165 is provided on the Z-axis direction feed table 163 side, and a stator 165b of the linear servo motor 165 is provided on the base 161 side.
- the headstock 110 ⁇ / b> A is mounted on the Z-axis direction feed table 163, and the Z-axis direction feed table 163 is driven to move in the Z-axis direction by driving the linear servo motor 165. As the Z-axis direction feed table 163 moves, the headstock 110A moves in the Z-axis direction, and the spindle 110 moves in the Z-axis direction.
- a cutting tool 130 such as a cutting tool for turning the workpiece W is mounted on the cutting tool base 130A.
- the cutting tool base 130A constitutes a tool post for holding a cutting tool.
- the cutting tool base 130A is moved to the bed side of the machine tool 100 by an X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 and a Y-axis direction feed mechanism (not shown), an X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction. It is provided so as to be movable in the Y-axis direction orthogonal to.
- the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 and the Y-axis direction feed mechanism constitute a tool post moving mechanism that moves the cutting tool base 130A in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction with respect to the main shaft 110.
- the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 includes a base 151 that is integral with the fixed side of the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150, and an X-axis direction guide rail 152 that is provided on the base 151 and extends in the X-axis direction.
- An X-axis direction feed table 153 is slidably supported on the X-axis direction guide rail 152 via an X-axis direction guide 154.
- a mover 155a of the linear servo motor 155 is provided on the X-axis direction feed table 153 side, and a stator 155b of the linear servo motor 155 is provided on the base 151 side.
- the Y-axis direction feed mechanism is a structure in which the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 is arranged in the Y-axis direction and has the same structure as the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150. Therefore, illustration and detailed description of the structure are omitted. .
- an X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 is mounted on the bed side via a Y-axis direction feed mechanism (not shown), and a cutting tool table 130A is mounted on the X-axis direction feed table 153.
- the cutting tool base 130A moves in the X-axis direction by the movement drive of the X-axis direction feed table 153, and the Y-axis direction feed mechanism operates in the same manner as the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 in the Y-axis direction. To move in the Y-axis direction.
- a Y-axis direction feed mechanism (not shown) may be mounted on the bed side via the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150, and the cutting tool base 130A may be mounted on the Y-axis direction feed mechanism side. Since the structure in which the cutting tool base 130A is moved in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction by the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 is conventionally known, detailed description and illustration are omitted.
- the turret moving mechanism (X-axis direction feeding mechanism 150 and Y-axis direction feeding mechanism) and the main shaft moving mechanism (Z-axis direction feeding mechanism 160) cooperate to provide an X-axis direction feeding mechanism 150 and a Y-axis direction feeding mechanism.
- the cutting tool table 130A is mounted on the cutting tool table 130A by the movement of the cutting tool table 130A in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction due to the movement of the main shaft table 110A (main shaft 110) in the Z-axis direction by the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160.
- the cutting tool 130 is fed relative to the workpiece W in an arbitrary machining feed direction.
- the cutting tool 130 is moved with respect to the workpiece W by feeding means composed of the spindle moving mechanism (Z-axis direction feeding mechanism 160) and the tool post moving mechanism (X-axis direction feeding mechanism 150 and Y-axis direction feeding mechanism).
- the workpiece W is cut into an arbitrary shape by the cutting tool 130 as shown in FIG.
- both the headstock 110A and the cutting tool base 130A are moved.
- the headstock 110A is fixed so as not to move to the bed side of the machine tool 100, and the tool post moving mechanism.
- the cutting tool base 130A may be configured to move in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction.
- the feeding means is composed of a tool post moving mechanism that moves the cutting tool base 130A in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction, and is fixedly positioned and rotated relative to the main spindle 110.
- the cutting tool base 130A may be fixed so as not to move to the bed side of the machine tool 100, and the spindle moving mechanism may be configured to move the spindle base 110A in the X axis direction, the Y axis direction, and the Z axis direction.
- the feed means is composed of a spindle stock moving mechanism that moves the spindle stock 110A in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction.
- the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150, the Y-axis direction feed mechanism, and the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 are configured to be driven by a linear servo motor.
- a linear servo motor conventionally known ball screws and servo motors are used. It is also possible to drive by.
- the rotating means for relatively rotating the workpiece W and the cutting tool 130 is constituted by the main shaft motor such as the built-in motor, and the relative rotation between the work W and the cutting tool 130 is performed by the main shaft 110. This is done by rotational drive.
- the workpiece W is rotated with respect to the cutting tool 130.
- the cutting tool 130 may be rotated with respect to the workpiece W.
- the cutting tool 130 may be a rotary tool such as a drill.
- the rotation of the main shaft 110, the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160, the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150, and the Y-axis direction feed mechanism are driven and controlled by a control unit C1 included in the control device C.
- the control unit C1 is set in advance so as to control the head stock 110A or the cutting tool base 130A to move in the respective directions while reciprocatingly oscillating along the corresponding moving directions using the respective feeding mechanisms as vibration means. ing.
- each feed mechanism is controlled by the control unit C ⁇ b> 1 to move the spindle 110 or the cutting tool base 130 ⁇ / b> A forward (forward) by a predetermined advance amount in one reciprocating vibration, and then move to a predetermined position.
- the cutting tool 130 is fed to the workpiece W in the machining feed direction.
- the machine tool 100 uses a Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160, an X-axis direction feed mechanism 150, and a Y-axis direction feed mechanism, while the cutting tool 130 reciprocally vibrates along the machining feed direction, that is, one revolution of the spindle, that is, the spindle
- the workpiece W is machined by being fed in the machining feed direction with the total amount of progress when the phase is changed from 0 degree to 360 degrees as a feed amount.
- the head stock 110A (main shaft 110) or the cutting tool base 130A (cutting tool 130) moves while reciprocatingly oscillating, and the cutting tool 130 cuts the workpiece W into a predetermined shape.
- the peripheral surface of the workpiece W is cut into a sinusoidal shape as shown in FIG.
- the virtual line one-dot chain line
- the amount of change in position when the main axis phase changes from 0 degrees to 360 degrees indicates the feed amount.
- the phase of the peripheral shape of the workpiece W to be turned by the n-th rotation (n is an integer of 1 or more) of the main shaft 110 and the n + 1-th cutting tool 130 is shifted in the main-axis phase direction (horizontal axis direction of the graph).
- the position of the lowest point of the phase valley at the (n + 1) th rotation (the peak of the peak of the dotted waveform graph that is the point most cut in the feed direction by the cutting tool 130) is the lowest point of the valley of the phase at the nth rotation. It shifts in the principal axis phase direction with respect to the position of the point (the peak of the peak of the solid line waveform graph).
- the cutting part at the time of the forward movement of the cutting tool 130 and the cutting part at the time of the backward movement partially overlap, and the n + 1 rotation cutting part of the peripheral surface of the workpiece W has been cut at the nth rotation.
- a part is included, and in this part, a so-called idling operation occurs in which the cutting tool 130 performs an idle cutting without performing any cutting on the workpiece W during the cutting. Chips generated from the workpiece W at the time of cutting are sequentially divided by the idling motion.
- the machine tool 100 can smoothly perform external cutting of the workpiece W and the like while dividing chips by the reciprocating vibration along the cutting feed direction of the cutting tool 130.
- the n + 1-th cutting portion of the peripheral surface of the workpiece W includes a portion that has been cut at the n-th rotation.
- the trajectory of the cutting tool during the backward movement at the (n + 1) th rotation of the workpiece circumferential surface reaches the trajectory of the cutting tool at the nth rotation of the workpiece circumferential surface.
- the shapes of the workpieces rotated by the cutting tool 130 in the (n + 1) -th rotation and the n-th rotation of the workpiece W do not have to coincide with each other (the same phase), and it is not always necessary to reverse 180 degrees.
- the frequency N can be 1.1, 1.25, 2.6, 3.75, or the like. It is also possible to set so that less than one vibration (0 ⁇ frequency N ⁇ 1.0) is performed by one rotation of the workpiece W. In this case, the main shaft 110 rotates one rotation or more with respect to one vibration. The number of vibrations N can also be set as the number of rotations of the main shaft 110 per vibration.
- the operation command by the control unit C1 is performed at a predetermined command cycle.
- the reciprocating vibration of the head stock 110A (main shaft 110) or the cutting tool base 130A (cutting tool 130) can be operated at a predetermined frequency based on the command cycle.
- the command period is determined based on the reference period, and is generally an integer multiple of the reference period. It is possible to execute reciprocating vibration at a frequency corresponding to the value of the command period. As shown in FIG. 5, for example, when 16 (ms), which is four times the reference period (4 (ms)), is set as a command period, forward and backward movements are executed every 16 (ms).
- the frequency (vibration frequency) f (Hz) of the reciprocating vibration of the head stock 110A (main shaft 110) or the cutting tool base 130A (cutting tool 130) is determined to a value selected from the above frequencies.
- the command cycle can be set by a multiple other than an integer multiple of the reference cycle (4 ms). In this case, the frequency according to this command cycle can be set as the vibration frequency.
- the rotation speed S and the vibration frequency N are inversely proportional with the vibration frequency f being a constant.
- the main shaft 110 can rotate at a higher speed as the vibration frequency f is increased and the frequency N is decreased.
- the rotation speed S, the vibration frequency N, and the vibration frequency f are used as parameters, and two of the three parameters, the rotation speed S and the vibration frequency N, are set as numerical value setting units C2 and the like. It is comprised so that it can set to the control part C1 via.
- the value of the rotation speed S or the vibration frequency N can be input to the control unit C1 as a parameter value.
- the value can be set in a machining program, or the frequency N can be set as an argument in a program block (one line of the program).
- the setting means when the setting means is configured so that the frequency N can be set as an argument in the program block of the machining program, the rotational speed S of the spindle 110 generally described in the machining program and the argument in the program block The user can easily set the rotation speed S and the vibration frequency N from the machining program.
- the setting by the setting means may be made by a program, or may be set by the user via the numerical value setting unit C2.
- the peripheral speed and the workpiece diameter can be set and inputted via a machining program or the like, and the rotational speed S can be calculated and set based on the peripheral speed and the workpiece diameter.
- the setting means so as to calculate the rotation speed S based on the peripheral speed set and input via a machining program or the like and the workpiece diameter, the material of the workpiece W, the type, shape, and material of the cutting tool 130 are configured.
- the rotation speed S can be easily set without the user being aware of the peripheral speed determined according to the above.
- control unit C1 Based on the set rotation speed S and vibration frequency N, the control unit C1 rotates the main shaft 110 at this rotation speed S, and the cutting tool 130 reciprocally vibrates along the machining feed direction at this vibration frequency N. Control is performed so that the head stock 110A or the cutting tool base 130A is moved while reciprocally oscillating so as to be fed in the machining feed direction.
- the control unit C1 corrects the set rotation speed S and vibration frequency N based on the vibration frequency f. Is provided.
- the vibration frequency N and the rotation speed S can be corrected to values close to the set values.
- the machine tool 100 can perform the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160, the X-axis direction.
- the feed mechanism 150 and the Y-axis direction feed mechanism can smoothly cut the workpiece W while feeding the cutting tool 130 in the machining feed direction while reciprocatingly oscillating along the machining feed direction and dividing chips. In some cases, for example, the life of the cutting tool 130 can be extended. Thereby, the workpiece W can be processed under conditions relatively close to the rotation speed S and the vibration frequency N intended by the user.
- the correction condition can be changed by preferentially correcting either the rotation speed S or the vibration frequency N, or correcting both according to the processing conditions.
- the vibration frequency f used by the setting means may be set in advance on the user side, and the vibration frequency N and the rotation speed S may be corrected according to the set vibration frequency f.
- the cutting tool 130 is fed in the machining feed direction while reciprocatingly oscillating along the machining feed direction, and the cutting of the workpiece W is smoothly performed while cutting off chips. And it can be made to perform stably.
- the setting means to set the vibration frequency N by the rotation speed of the main shaft 110 per vibration, it is possible to easily set the rotation speed S to be increased.
- the number of rotations of the main shaft 110 per vibration to 1 or more and the frequency N to a number less than 1 greater than 0, the main shaft 110 can be rotated at high speed.
- the frequency N needs to be set to such an extent that the processing is not adversely affected.
- the vibration frequency N and the rotation speed S among the three parameters are set in the control unit C1 via the numerical value setting unit C2 or the like.
- the vibration frequency N is fixed in advance. The user sets only the rotation speed S as one of the three parameters, sets the vibration frequency f according to the rotation speed S and the vibration frequency N, and sets the rotation speed S or vibration. The number N may be corrected.
- the second embodiment is obtained by changing the parameter conditions and the like of the first embodiment, and since many elements are common to the first embodiment, detailed description of common matters is omitted, and different points are described below. Explained.
- the rotation speed S is set by the user in the control unit C1 via the numerical value setting unit C2 or the like.
- the value of the rotational speed S can be input to the control unit C1 as a parameter value.
- the value of the rotational speed S is set in a machining program. be able to.
- the control unit C1 rotates the spindle 110 based on the set rotation speed S, and the spindle head 110A or the cutting tool so that the cutting tool 130 is fed in the machining feed direction while reciprocally oscillating along the machining feed direction.
- the stage 130A is controlled to move while reciprocating.
- the correction unit of the control unit C1 of the present embodiment corrects the set rotation speed S based on the vibration frequency f. It is configured as follows. As shown in FIG. 7, the correction means of the present embodiment includes the vibration frequencies f1, f2, f3,... Due to the reciprocating vibration frequencies N1, N2, N3,. .., S21..., S31... Table corresponding to the number of rotations S11, S12, S13. The correction means is configured to correct the value of the rotation speed S set by the user to the value of the rotation speed S in the table.
- the control device C is configured to execute workpiece processing at a vibration frequency and a vibration frequency corresponding to the corrected rotation speed.
- F2 50 (Hz)
- f3 41.666 (Hz)
- the correction means compares the value of the rotational speed S set by the user with the value of the rotational speed in the table, and the difference between the value of the rotational speed S set by the user is within a predetermined range (for example, ⁇ 50 r). / In the range), the rotation speed value in the table is corrected.
- the correction of the rotational speed S by the correcting means is configured to determine the rotational speed to be corrected in order of increasing frequency value and increasing frequency value in the table.
- N1 3.5
- the machine tool 100 is controlled by the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160, the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150, and the Y-axis direction feed mechanism on the condition based on the rotation speed S set by the setting means by correcting the rotation speed S by the correction means.
- the workpiece W can be smoothly cut while the cutting tool 130 is reciprocally oscillated along the machining feed direction and fed in the machining feed direction to cut off chips.
- the vibration frequency N and the vibration frequency f are as large as possible, the machining is performed in the region where the rotation speed S of the main shaft 210 is as high as possible, so that the chip length is shortened and the machining time is reduced. Can be shortened for optimization.
- the highest possible vibration frequency f is employed, the adverse effect of mechanical vibration on the machining accuracy can be reduced.
- the correction means can be configured to correct the value of the rotation speed S set by the user to a value of a predetermined rotation speed S11, S12, S13... In the table that minimizes the difference. Accordingly, the rotation speeds S11, S12, S13,... Which are as close as possible to the rotation speed S designated by the user are adopted, and the user's settings can be reflected as much as possible.
- the user can select two parameters (the rotation speed S and the vibration frequency N) or one (the rotation speed S). ) Is set in the control unit C1, the cutting tool 130 is moved in the machining feed direction under conditions relatively close to the rotation speed S and vibration frequency N intended by the user or under conditions based on the set rotation speed S. It is configured so that the workpiece W can be smoothly cut while being fed in the machining feed direction while reciprocally oscillating along and cutting off chips.
- FIG. 8A similarly to FIG. 4, the cutting tool 130 vibrates 3.5 by one rotation of the main shaft, and the cutting portion when the cutting tool 130 moves forward and the cutting portion when the cutter moves backward are one.
- FIG. 8B shows a state in which the n + 1 rotation cutting portion of the circumferential surface of the workpiece W includes a portion that has already been cut in the n rotation, and the cutting tool 130 is swung during the cutting. In this way, if the feed amount is simply increased, the trajectory of the cutting tool 130 during the backward movement in the second rotation does not reach the trajectory of the cutting tool 130 in the first rotation. It may not be divided. 8A to 8C, the vibration of the cutting tool 130 is expressed in a straight line for easy understanding.
- the control unit C1 includes an amplitude setting unit that sets the amplitude of the reciprocating vibration in proportion to the feed amount of the cutting tool 130 with respect to the workpiece W.
- the amplitude setting means is a ratio of the amplitude to the feed amount, that is, a ratio between the feed amount and the amplitude of the reciprocating vibration by the vibration means, by the user via the numerical value setting unit C2 or the like.
- the amplitude is set by multiplying the feed amount set at the time of cutting by the amplitude feed ratio.
- the amplitude setting means and the vibration means are linked to each other. As shown in FIG.
- the frequency N and the rotation speed S set by the setting means are obtained by correcting the rotation speed S and the vibration frequency N by the correction means.
- the control unit C1 sets the amplitude according to the reciprocating vibration along the process feed direction of the cutting tool 130 and the feed amount set in the cutting process under the condition based on
- the vibration means is controlled so that the trajectory of the cutting tool 130 at the time of backward movement at n is an integer of 1 or more) reaches the trajectory of the cutting tool 130 at the n-th rotation of the workpiece W. In other words, the control is performed so that the cutting part at the time of forward movement and the cutting part at the time of backward movement overlap each other.
- the amplitude is set according to the feed amount with respect to the vibration condition corrected by the correction means, and the vibration means causes the cutting tool 130 to vibrate so as to cause the above-described idling operation under the control of the control unit C1.
- the chips can be divided.
- the setting of the rotation speed S, the vibration frequency N, and the amplitude feed ratio with respect to the control unit C1 is performed by setting the rotation speed S value, the vibration frequency N value, and the amplitude feed ratio value to the numerical value setting unit.
- the value of the rotational speed S, the value of the vibration frequency N, and the value of the amplitude feed ratio are set in the machining program
- the value of the frequency N and the amplitude feed ratio can be set as arguments in the program block (one line of the program).
- control unit C1 is configured to instruct the start of the vibration cutting process in which the cutting tool 130 is reciprocally oscillated along the process feed direction and is fed in the process feed direction with a command of G ⁇ P0 in the machining program.
- the value of the amplitude feed ratio set for the control unit C ⁇ b> 1 with the value (argument Q) subsequent to Q in the command G ⁇ is the value following D.
- the value of the frequency set for the control unit C1 can be designated by (argument D).
- the frequency N and the amplitude feed ratio can be set for the control unit C1.
- the control unit C ⁇ b> 1 is configured to command the end of vibration cutting by a command of G ⁇ P0 in the machining program.
- the G1 command for linearly moving the cutting tool 130 described between the G ⁇ P0 command and the G ⁇ P0 command the feed amount is set as a value (argument F) following F.
- the amplitude setting means reads the amplitude feed ratio 1.5 and calculates and sets the amplitude to 0.015 ⁇ 1.5.
- the feed amount, the rotation speed S, the vibration frequency N, the amplitude feed ratio, the vibration frequency, and the like may be selected and set from a preset table (vibration cutting condition database) or the like.
- the control unit C1 indicates the trajectory of the cutting tool 130 during the backward movement at the n + 1-th rotation (n is an integer of 1 or more) of the workpiece W.
- n is an integer of 1 or more
- the control is performed so as to intersect with the trajectory of the cutting tool 130 at the n-th rotation of W, it may be achieved without intersecting.
- the overlap between the cutting portion at the time of forward movement and the cutting portion at the time of backward movement includes a case where the cutting portion at the time of forward movement and the cutting portion at the time of backward movement contact each other.
- the cutting part at the time of forward movement and the cutting part at the time of backward movement contact each other, the cutting part at the time of backward movement is theoretically “point” in the cutting part of the cutting tool 130 at the time of forward movement in one vibration.
- the so-called idling motion in which the cutting tool 130 moves away from the workpiece W during the backward movement is generated at “points”, the chips generated from the workpiece W during the cutting process are And the cutting part at the time of backward movement are in contact with each other).
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Abstract
Description
この工作機械の制御装置は、前記回転手段と、前記送り手段と、前記振動手段とを駆動制御し、前記ワークと前記切削工具との相対回転と、前記ワークに対する前記切削工具の前記加工送り方向への前記往復振動を伴う送り動作とによって前記工作機械に、前記ワークの加工を実行させる。
このため前記ワーク保持手段と前記刃物台とを相対的に振動させる振動周波数は、前記制御装置による動作指令が可能な周期に起因する限られた値となる。
しかしながら、従来の工作機械は、前記振動周波数が考慮されないため、ユーザが希望する前記相対回転の回転数と、ワーク1回転当たりのワークに対する切削工具の振動数の条件で前記往復振動させることができない場合があるという問題があった。
これによりユーザが意図したパラメータの値に比較的近い条件でワークの加工を実行することができる。
工作機械100は、主軸110と、切削工具台130Aとを備えている。
主軸110の先端にはチャック120が設けられている。
チャック120を介して主軸110にワークWが保持され、主軸110は、ワークを保持するワーク保持手段として構成されている。
主軸110は、図示しない主軸モータの動力によって回転駆動されるように主軸台110Aに支持されている。
前記主軸モータとして主軸台110A内において、主軸台110Aと主軸110との間に形成される従来公知のビルトインモータ等が考えられる。
主軸110は、主軸台110Aを介してZ軸方向送り機構160によって、前記Z軸方向に移動する。
Z軸方向送り機構160は、主軸110をZ軸方向に移動させる主軸移動機構を構成している。
Z軸方向ガイドレール162に、Z軸方向ガイド164を介してZ軸方向送りテーブル163がスライド自在に支持されている。
Z軸方向送りテーブル163側にリニアサーボモータ165の可動子165aが設けられ、ベース161側にリニアサーボモータ165の固定子165bが設けられている。
Z軸方向送りテーブル163の移動によって主軸台110AがZ軸方向に移動し、主軸110のZ軸方向への移動が行われる。
切削工具台130Aは、切削工具を保持する刃物台を構成している。
切削工具台130Aは、工作機械100のベッド側に、X軸方向送り機構150及び図示しないY軸方向送り機構によって、前記Z軸方向に直交するX軸方向と、前記Z軸方向及びX軸方向に直交するY軸方向とに移動自在に設けられている。
X軸方向送り機構150とY軸方向送り機構とによって、切削工具台130Aを主軸110に対して前記X軸方向及びY軸方向に移動させる刃物台移動機構が構成されている。
X軸方向ガイドレール152に、X軸方向ガイド154を介してX軸方向送りテーブル153がスライド自在に支持されている。
リニアサーボモータ155の駆動によってX軸方向送りテーブル153が、X軸方向に移動駆動される。
なおY軸方向送り機構は、X軸方向送り機構150をY軸方向に配置したものであり、X軸方向送り機構150と同様の構造であるため、図示及び構造についての詳細な説明は割愛する。
切削工具台130Aは、X軸方向送りテーブル153の移動駆動によってX軸方向に移動し、Y軸方向送り機構が、Y軸方向に対して、X軸方向送り機構150と同様の動作をすることによって、Y軸方向に移動する。
この場合、前記送り手段が、切削工具台130AをX軸方向、Y軸方向、Z軸方向に移動させる刃物台移動機構から構成され、固定的に位置決めされて回転駆動される主軸110に対して、切削工具台130Aを移動させることによって、前記切削工具130をワークWに対して加工送り動作させることができる。
この場合、前記送り手段が、主軸台110AをX軸方向、Y軸方向、Z軸方向に移動させる主軸台移動機構から構成され、固定的に位置決めされる切削工具台130Aに対して、主軸台110Aを移動させることによって、前記切削工具130をワークWに対して加工送り動作させることができる。
本実施例では、切削工具130に対してワークWを回転させる構成としたが、ワークWに対して切削工具130を回転させる構成としてもよい。
この場合切削工具130としてドリル等の回転工具が考えられる。
主軸110の回転、Z軸方向送り機構160、X軸方向送り機構150、Y軸方向送り機構は、制御装置Cが有する制御部C1によって駆動制御される。
制御部C1は、各送り機構を振動手段として、各々対応する移動方向に沿って往復振動させながら、主軸台110A又は切削工具台130Aを各々の方向に移動させるように制御するように予め設定されている。
なお正弦曲線状の波形の谷を通過する仮想線(1点鎖線)において、主軸位相0度から360度まで変化したときの位置の変化量が、前記送り量を示す。
図4に示されるように、ワークWの1回転当たりの主軸台110A(主軸110)又は切削工具台130Aの振動数Nが、3.5回(振動数N=3.5)を例に説明する。
このためn+1回転目の前記位相の谷の最低点(切削工具130によって送り方向に最も切削された点となる点線波形グラフの山の頂点)の位置が、n回転目の前記位相の谷の最低点(実線波形グラフの山の頂点)の位置に対して、主軸位相方向でずれる。
切削加工時にワークWから生じる切屑は、前記空振り動作によって順次分断される。
工作機械100は、切削工具130の切削送り方向に沿った前記往復振動によって切屑を分断しながら、ワークWの外形切削加工等を円滑に行うことができる。
言い換えると、ワーク周面のn+1回転目における復動時の切削工具の軌跡が、ワーク周面のn回転目における切削工具の軌跡まで到達すればよい。
n+1回転目とn回転目のワークWにおける切削工具130により旋削される形状の位相が一致(同位相)とならなければよく、必ずしも180度反転させる必要はない。
ワークWの1回転で1回より少ない振動(0<振動数N<1.0)を行うように設定することもできる。
この場合、1振動に対して1回転以上主軸110が回転する。
振動回数Nは、1振動当たりの主軸110の回転数として設定することもできる。
主軸台110A(主軸110)又は切削工具台130A(切削工具130)の往復振動は、前記指令周期に基づく所定の周波数で動作が可能となる。
例えば、制御部C1によって1秒間に250回の指令を送ることが可能な工作機械100の場合、制御部C1による動作指令は、1÷250=4(ms)周期(基準周期)で行われる。
前記指令周期の値に応じた周波数で往復振動を実行させることが可能となる。
図5に示されるように、例えば前記基準周期(4(ms))の4倍の16(ms)を指令周期とすると、16(ms)毎に往動と復動を実行させることになり、1÷(0.004×4)=62.5(Hz)で主軸台110A(主軸110)又は切削工具台130A(切削工具130)を往復振動させることができる。
なお制御装置C(制御部C1)によっては、前記基準周期(4ms)の整数倍以外の倍数で指令周期を設定することができる。
この場合、この指令周期に応じた周波数を振動周波数とすることができる。
図6に示すように、回転数Sと振動数Nとは、振動周波数fを定数として反比例する。
主軸110は、振動周波数fを高くとるほど、また振動数Nを小さくするほど高速回転することができる。
回転数S又は振動数Nの制御部C1への設定は、回転数S又は振動数Nの値を、制御部C1にパラメータ値として入力することができる他、例えば回転数Sや振動数Nの値を加工プログラムに記載して設定したり、プログラムブロック(プログラムの1行)において振動数Nを引数として設定したりすることができる。
なお、前記設定手段による設定は、プログラムによるものでもよいし、ユーザが数値設定部C2を介して設定するものでもよい。
加工プログラム等を介して設定入力される周速とワーク径とに基づき回転数Sを算出するように、前記設定手段を構成することで、ワークWの材質や切削工具130の種類や形状、材質等に応じて定められる周速に応じて、ユーザが意識することなく容易に回転数Sを設定することができる。
補正手段は、振動周波数fを、N=60f/Sに基づいて、設定された振動数Nと回転数Sから算出される値に近い値を持つものに設定し、設定された振動周波数fによって、振動数Nと回転数Sとをそれぞれ設定された値に近い値に補正するように構成することができる。
この場合、S=3000(r/min)、N=1.5から振動周波数の値が75(Hz)となるため、補正手段は、例えば、振動周波数f=62.5(Hz)に設定する。
補正手段は、設定された振動周波数(62.5Hz)に基づき、例えば、回転数S(3000(r/min))を維持して振動数N=1.25と補正したり、振動数N(1.5)を維持して回転数S=2500(r/min)と補正したりする。
また振動周波数f=50(Hz)に設定し、回転数S=2400(r/min)、振動数N=1.25と両方を補正することもできる。
これによりユーザが意図した回転数Sおよび振動数Nに比較的近い条件でワークWの加工を行うことができる。
なお前記設定手段によって使用する振動周波数fを予めユーザ側において設定し、設定された振動周波数fに応じて、振動数Nや回転数Sを補正するように構成することもできる。
このためには、振動周波数fをできる限り高くする必要があるが、安定制御等の観点から必要以上に高く設定することは容易ではない。
このため振動数Nをできる限り小さくすることで、回転数Sを可能な限り大きくすることが可能となる。
1振動当たりの主軸110の回転数が1回以上に設定され、振動数Nが0より大きい1未満の数に設定されることによって、主軸110を高速回転させることが可能となる。
ただし、分断される切屑の長さは比較的長くなるため、振動数Nは、前記加工に悪影響が出ない程度に設定する必要がある。
回転数Sの制御部C1への設定は、回転数Sの値を、制御部C1にパラメータ値として入力することができる他、例えば回転数Sの値を加工プログラムに記載して設定したりすることができる。
本実施例の補正手段は、図7に示すように、主軸1回転当たりの往復振動の振動数N1、N2、N3…と、動作指令が可能な周期に起因する振動周波数f1、f2、f3…とに対応する主軸110の回転数S11、S12、S13…、S21…、S31…のテーブルを有する。
前記補正手段は、ユーザによって設定された回転数Sの値を、前記テーブル内の回転数Sの値に補正するように構成されている。
制御装置Cは、この補正された回転数に対応する振動数および振動周波数でワークの加工を実行させるように構成されている。
前記補正手段は、ユーザによって設定された回転数Sの値とテーブル内の回転数の値とを比較し、ユーザによって設定された回転数Sの値との差が所定範囲内(例えば、±50r/min範囲内)となるようなテーブル内の回転数の値に補正するように構成されている。
例えば、ユーザによって、主軸110の回転数Sが、S=2500(r/min)と設定されたとする。
この場合、テーブル内の振動数の最も高い値(N1=3.5)に対応する行(S11、S12、S13…)の振動周波数の高い値(f1=62.5(Hz))に対応する回転数の値(S11=1071.429(r/min))から振動周波数の低い値(f2=50(Hz)、f3=41.666(Hz))に対応する回転数の値(S12=857.1429(r/min)、S13=714.2743(r/min))へ向かって順に、S=2500(r/min)と比べる。
さらに続いて、次に高い値の振動数(N3=1.5)に対応する行(S31、S32、S33…)における振動周波数の高い値(f1=62.5(Hz))に対応する回転数の値(S31=2500(r/min))から振動周波数の低い値(f2=50(Hz)、f3=41.666(Hz))に対応する回転数の値(S32=2000(r/min)、S33=1666.64(r/min))へ向かって順に、S=2500(r/min)と比べようとするが、テーブル内のS31=2500(r/min)がユーザによって設定された値と同じ(差が所定範囲内)であるので、前記補正手段は、主軸110の回転数Sをユーザが設定したS=2500(r/min.)と同じ回転数Sに設定する(この例では結果的に補正はされない)。
制御部C1は、この回転数S31=2500(r/min)の値に前記テーブルにおいて対応する振動数N=1.5および振動周波数f=62.5(Hz)でワークWの加工を実行させる。
補正手段による回転数Sの補正によって、設定手段により設定された回転数Sに基づいた条件で、工作機械100は、Z軸方向送り機構160、X軸方向送り機構150、Y軸方向送り機構により、切削工具130を前記加工送り方向に沿った往復振動させながら加工送り方向に送り、切屑を分断しながら、ワークWの切削加工を円滑に行うことができる。
この際、振動数Nと振動周波数fは、できるだけ大きい値が採用されるため、可能な限り主軸210の回転数Sの高い領域で加工が行われるので、切屑の長さを短くするとともに加工時間を短縮して最適化を図ることができる。
また可能な限り高い振動周波数fが採用されるため、加工精度に対する機械振動の悪影響を小さくすることもできる。
これにより、ユーザが指定した回転数Sに可能な限り近い回転数S11、S12、S13…が採用され、ユーザの設定を可能な限り反映することができる。
なお図8A乃至図8Cでは、説明をわかり易くするために、切削工具130の振動を直線状にして表現している。
言い換えると、単に送り量を徐々に増加させていくと、前述した切削工具130の往動時の切削加工部分と復動時の切削加工部分との重複部分が徐々に小さくなり、往動時の切削加工部分と復動時の切削加工部分とが重複しなくなるため、前述した空振り動作ができず、切屑が分断されない場合が発生する。
振幅設定手段は、ユーザによって、数値設定部C2等を介して、前記送り量に対する前記振幅の比率、すなわち前記送り量と振動手段による往復振動の振幅との比率であり、前記振幅を前記送り量で割った値が振幅送り比率として制御部C1に設定されると、切削加工の際に設定される前記送り量に前記振幅送り比率を乗じて前記振幅の設定を行うように構成される。
前記振幅設定手段と前記振動手段とは互いに連係し、図8Cに示すように、補正手段による回転数Sと振動数Nとの補正によって、設定手段により設定された振動数Nと回転数Sとに基づいた条件による、切削工具130の前記加工送り方向に沿った往復振動と、切削加工において設定される送り量に応じた振幅を設定することによって、制御部C1がワークWのn+1回転目(nは1以上の整数)における復動時の切削工具130の軌跡を、ワークWのn回転目における切削工具130の軌跡まで到達させるように前記振動手段を制御する。
言い換えると、往動時の切削加工部分と復動時の切削加工部分とが重複するように制御する。
これにより、補正手段によって補正された振動の条件に対して、送り量に応じて振幅が設定され、制御部C1の制御によって振動手段が切削工具130を、前述した空振り動作が生じるように振動させて、切屑を分断することができる。
振幅送り比率「1.5」を設定する場合はG△△△に続けて「Q1.5」と記載し、振動数を「3.5」と設定する場合はG△△△に続けて「D3.5」と加工プログラムに記載することによって、制御部C1に対して振動数Nと振幅送り比率を設定することができる。
なお図9の例では、振動切削加工の終了を、加工プログラムにおいてG△△△ P0の命令で指令するように制御部C1が構成されている。
これにより、G△△△ P0の命令とG△△△ P0の命令とのあいだに記載された例えば切削工具130を直線移動させるG1命令で、Fに続く値(引数F)として送り量が「0.015」と設定されると、振幅設定手段が振幅送り比率1.5を読み込み、0.015×1.5と、振幅を算出して設定する。
言い換えると、往動時の切削加工部分と復動時の切削加工部分との重複は、往動時の切削加工部分と復動時の切削加工部分とが接する場合も含む。
往動時の切削加工部分と復動時の切削加工部分とが接する場合は、1振動において切削工具130の往動時の切削加工部分に、復動時の切削加工部分が理論上「点」として含まれ、復動中に切削工具130がワークWから離れる所謂、空振り動作が「点」で生じることにより、切削加工時にワークWから生じる切屑は、前記空振り動作(往動時の切削加工部分と、復動時の切削加工部分とが接する点)によって順次分断される。
110 ・・・ 主軸
110A・・・ 主軸台
120 ・・・ チャック
130 ・・・ 切削工具
130A・・・ 切削工具台
150 ・・・ X軸方向送り機構
151 ・・・ ベース
152 ・・・ X軸方向ガイドレール
153 ・・・ X軸方向送りテーブル
154 ・・・ X軸方向ガイド
155 ・・・ リニアサーボモータ
155a・・・ 可動子
155b・・・ 固定子
160 ・・・ Z軸方向送り機構
161 ・・・ ベース
162 ・・・ Z軸方向ガイドレール
163 ・・・ Z軸方向送りテーブル
164 ・・・ Z軸方向ガイド
165 ・・・ リニアサーボモータ
165a・・・ 可動子
165b・・・ 固定子
C ・・・ 制御装置
C1 ・・・ 制御部
C2 ・・・ 数値設定部
W ・・・ ワーク
Claims (16)
- ワークを保持するワーク保持手段と、前記ワークを切削加工する切削工具を保持する刃物台とを備えた工作機械に設けられ、
前記ワーク保持手段と前記刃物台との相対移動によって、前記ワークに対して前記切削工具を所定の加工送り方向に送り動作させる送り手段と、前記切削工具が前記加工送り方向に沿って往復振動しながら加工送り方向に送られるように、前記ワーク保持手段と前記刃物台とを相対的に振動させる振動手段と、前記ワークと前記切削工具を相対的に回転させる回転手段とを駆動制御し、
前記ワークと前記切削工具との相対回転と、前記ワークに対する前記切削工具の前記加工送り方向への前記往復振動を伴う送り動作とによって、前記工作機械に前記ワークの加工を実行させる工作機械の制御装置において、
前記ワークの加工を実行する際の前記相対回転の回転数と、前記相対回転の1回転当たりの前記往復振動の振動数と、前記制御装置による動作指令が可能な周期に起因する振動周波数とをパラメータとし、少なくとも1つのパラメータの値を設定する設定手段と、
未設定のパラメータを所定の値に定め、該パラメータの値に基づいて、前記設定手段によって設定されたパラメータの値を補正する補正手段とを設けた工作機械の制御装置。 - 前記振動手段を、往動時の切削加工部分と、復動時の切削加工部分とが重複するように、前記ワーク保持手段と前記刃物台とを相対的に往復振動させる構成とした請求項1に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記補正手段が、前記振動周波数に基づいた定数で、前記回転数と前記振動数とが反比例するように、未設定のパラメータを所定の値に定めるとともに、設定されたパラメータの値を補正するように構成された請求項1または請求項2に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記設定手段により設定されるパラメータを前記回転数とし、
前記補正手段が、前記振動数を予め定められた複数の所定の値に定め、前記振動周波数を、前記制御装置が固有に備える所定の値に定め、前記設定手段によって設定された前記回転数の値を、各振動数の値と定められた振動周波数とに基づき補正するように構成された請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1つに記載の工作機械の制御装置。 - 前記設定手段により設定されるパラメータを、前記回転数と前記振動数とし、
前記補正手段が、設定された前記回転数と前記振動数を、前記振動周波数に基づいて定まる前記回転数と前記振動数の値に補正するように構成された請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1つに記載の工作機械の制御装置。 - 前記設定手段が、予め定められた周速と前記ワークの直径とに基づき前記回転数を算出して設定するように構成された請求項4又は請求項5に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記設定手段が、前記振動数を、1振動当たりの前記回転数として設定するように構成された請求項5又は請求項6に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記設定手段が、前記工作機械の加工プログラムにプログラムブロックに引数として記載された振動数を読み込み、前記振動数として設定するように構成された請求項5乃至請求項7のいずれか1つに記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記補正手段が、前記振動数と前記振動周波数と前記回転数とが対応するテーブルに基づき、設定された前記回転数を、前記テーブル内の回転数の値に補正するように構成され、補正された前記回転数と、該回転数に応じた前記テーブル内の前記振動数と前記振動周波数によって、前記ワークの加工を実行させるように構成された請求項4乃至請求項8のいずれか1つに記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記補正手段が、前記テーブル内の前記振動数の高い順および前記振動周波数の高い順に、補正する回転数を定めるように構成された請求項9に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記ワークに対する前記切削工具の送り量に比例して前記往復振動の振幅を設定する振幅設定手段を設け、
往動時の切削加工部分と復動時の切削加工部分とが重複するように、前記振幅設定手段と前記振動手段とを互いに連係させたことを特徴とする請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1つに記載の工作機械の制御装置。 - 前記振幅設定手段が、前記工作機械の加工プログラムのプログラムブロックに引数として記載された前記送り量に対する前記振幅の比率を読み込み、前記振幅を算出して設定するように構成された請求項11に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 請求項1乃至請求項12のいずれか1つに記載の制御装置を備えた工作機械。
- 前記ワークを保持する主軸を前記ワーク保持手段とし、前記主軸を軸線方向に移動させる主軸移動機構と、前記刃物台を主軸に対して移動させる刃物台移動機構とを備え、前記送り手段が、前記主軸移動機構と前記刃物台移動機構とから構成され、前記主軸移動機構と前記刃物台移動機構の協動によって、前記切削工具を前記ワークに対して加工送り動作させる請求項13に記載の工作機械。
- 前記ワークを保持する主軸を前記ワーク保持手段とし、前記主軸が工作機械側に固定的に設けられ、前記刃物台を複数方向に移動させる刃物台移動機構を備え、前記送り手段が、前記刃物台移動機構から構成され、送り加工方向に位置決めされる主軸に対して、前記刃物台を送り加工方向に移動させることによって、前記切削工具を前記ワークに対して加工送り動作させる請求項13に記載の工作機械。
- 前記刃物台が工作機械側に固定的に設けられ、前記ワークを保持する主軸を前記ワーク保持手段とし、前記主軸を複数方向に移動させる主軸移動機構を備え、前記送り手段が、前記主軸移動機構から構成され、送り加工方向に位置決めされる前記刃物台に対して、前記主軸を送り加工方向に移動させることによって、前記切削工具を前記ワークに対して加工送り動作させる請求項13に記載の工作機械。
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CN110561186B (zh) | 2021-06-15 |
KR102344443B1 (ko) | 2021-12-27 |
TWI661892B (zh) | 2019-06-11 |
JP6416217B2 (ja) | 2018-10-31 |
EP3124174B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
US10268176B2 (en) | 2019-04-23 |
KR20160130505A (ko) | 2016-11-11 |
EP3124174A4 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
TW201600219A (zh) | 2016-01-01 |
CN110561186A (zh) | 2019-12-13 |
EP3124174A1 (en) | 2017-02-01 |
US20170108846A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
ES2807617T3 (es) | 2021-02-23 |
JPWO2015146945A1 (ja) | 2017-04-13 |
CN106232293B (zh) | 2020-01-10 |
CN106232293A (zh) | 2016-12-14 |
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