WO2018181447A1 - 工作機械の制御装置および工作機械 - Google Patents
工作機械の制御装置および工作機械 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018181447A1 WO2018181447A1 PCT/JP2018/012685 JP2018012685W WO2018181447A1 WO 2018181447 A1 WO2018181447 A1 WO 2018181447A1 JP 2018012685 W JP2018012685 W JP 2018012685W WO 2018181447 A1 WO2018181447 A1 WO 2018181447A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/0075—Controlling reciprocating movement, e.g. for planing-machine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B25/00—Accessories or auxiliary equipment for turning-machines
- B23B25/02—Arrangements for chip-breaking in turning-machines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B29/00—Holders for non-rotary cutting tools; Boring bars or boring heads; Accessories for tool holders
- B23B29/04—Tool holders for a single cutting tool
- B23B29/12—Special arrangements on tool holders
- B23B29/125—Vibratory toolholders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B7/00—Automatic or semi-automatic turning-machines with a single working-spindle, e.g. controlled by cams; Equipment therefor; Features common to automatic and semi-automatic turning-machines with one or more working-spindles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/45—Nc applications
- G05B2219/45248—Turning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49055—Remove chips from probe, tool by vibration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49277—Oscillating, swinging feed drive, for grinding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
- G05B2219/49382—Movement reciprocating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine tool control device and a machine tool.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of vibration cutting that allows a workpiece to be reciprocated with respect to a tool and discharged in the form of chips obtained by dividing chips.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a machine tool control device and a machine tool that make it easy to set the number of vibrations per rotation.
- a first aspect of the present invention is a machine for controlling the relative rotation of a workpiece and a cutting tool and the reciprocating movement of the workpiece and the cutting tool in a relative processing feed direction to vibrate and cut the workpiece.
- a machine control device comprising: a headstock for mounting the workpiece; and a first cutting tool provided to be capable of reciprocating along the machining feed direction with respect to the headstock and for cutting the workpiece.
- a first tool base to be mounted and a second tool for cutting the workpiece, which is provided so as to be reciprocally movable along the machining feed direction with respect to the head stock independently of the first tool base. It has the control part which controls the 2nd tool stand with which a cutting tool is mounted
- a control unit that independently controls the relative movement of the plurality of cutting tools and the workpiece is provided, and the workpiece is subjected to vibration by the cutting tool by controlling the movement by the control unit.
- a control device for a machine tool that performs the cutting of the workpiece and the predetermined cutting tool so that the control unit intersects a cutting edge path of the predetermined cutting tool. The workpiece is cut by controlling the movement of the other cutting tool independently of the movement.
- control unit controls the number of vibrations per rotation of the workpiece, or the amplitude or phase of the vibrations, for each of the cutting tools, based on the installation positions of the cutting tools.
- the respective cutting tools are arranged at positions facing the workpiece.
- the present invention is characterized in that the machine tool includes any one of the above-mentioned machine tool control devices.
- the present invention can obtain the following effects.
- (1) The 1st tool stand and the 2nd tool stand are provided so that a reciprocation is possible along the process feed direction of a workpiece
- the number of vibrations is not limited to one.
- chips can be divided even if the number of vibrations is set to an integer number where the chips could not be divided, and the vibration frequency depends on the minimum IT (reference cycle).
- any one of the plurality of cutting tools and the workpiece are provided so as to be able to reciprocate independently of each other.
- the number of vibrations is not limited to one. Further, it is possible to select the spindle rotational speed without worrying about the vibration frequency region where chips cannot be divided. Therefore, it becomes easy to set conditions for performing vibration cutting, and the operation can be started quickly.
- the load generated during cutting is shared by the two cutting tools, the tool life is improved, and the amount of tool and workpiece fluctuations due to the processing force and processing reaction force is greater than when one cutting tool is provided. Therefore, the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be improved.
- the control unit controls the number of vibrations per rotation of the workpiece, or the amplitude or phase of vibration for each cutting tool, so that it is easy to set conditions for performing vibration cutting.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure showing the outline of the machine tool by one example of the present invention. It is the schematic which shows the relationship between the cutting tool by one Example of this invention, and a workpiece
- (A) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- (B) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- (A) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- (B) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- (A) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- (B) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- (B) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- FIG. (A) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- (B) is a figure which shows the cutting edge path
- the machine tool 100 includes a main shaft 110, cutting tools 130 and 230 such as a cutting tool for vibrating and cutting a workpiece W (hereinafter referred to as processing), and a control device 180.
- a chuck 120 is provided at the tip of the main shaft 110, and the workpiece W is held on the main shaft 110 via the chuck 120.
- the spindle 110 is rotatably supported by the spindle stock 110A, and rotates by the power of a spindle motor (for example, a built-in motor) provided between the spindle stock 110A and the spindle 110, for example.
- a spindle motor for example, a built-in motor
- the cutting tool 130 is mounted on the first tool stand 130 ⁇ / b> A, and a tip 131 (see FIG. 2) is attached to the tip of the cutting tool 130.
- the cutting tool 130 corresponds to the first cutting tool of the present invention.
- the bed of the machine tool 100 is provided with a Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 and an X-axis direction feed mechanism 150.
- the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 includes a base 161 integrated with the bed, and a Z-axis direction guide rail that slidably supports the Z-axis direction feed table.
- the Z-axis direction feed table moves along the illustrated Z-axis direction (which coincides with the rotation axis direction of the workpiece W) by driving a linear servo motor (both not shown), the first tool stand 130A is moved to the Z-axis. Move in the direction.
- the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 is mounted on the bed of the machine tool 100 via, for example, the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160, and includes an X-axis direction guide rail that slidably supports the X-axis direction feed table.
- the X-axis direction feed table moves along the X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction shown in the figure by driving a linear servo motor (both not shown), the first tool rest 130A moves in the X-axis direction. To do.
- the cutting tool 130 and the cutting tool 230 are arranged at positions facing the workpiece by 180 °.
- the cutting tool 230 is mounted on the second tool base 230A
- the tip 231 is attached to the tip of the cutting tool 230
- the tip 231 and the tip 131 are arranged to face each other.
- the cutting tool 230 corresponds to the second cutting tool of the present invention.
- the bed of the machine tool 100 is also provided with a Z-axis direction feed mechanism 260 and an X-axis direction feed mechanism 250.
- the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 260 is configured in the same manner as the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160, and includes a base 261 integrated with the bed, and a Z-axis direction guide rail that slidably supports the Z-axis direction feed table.
- the Z-axis direction feed table moves along the Z-axis direction shown in the figure by driving a linear servo motor (both not shown)
- the second tool rest 230A moves in the Z-axis direction.
- the X-axis direction feed mechanism 250 is configured in the same manner as the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150.
- the X-axis direction feed mechanism 250 is mounted on the bed of the machine tool 100 via the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 260, and the X-axis direction feed table is slidable.
- a supporting X-axis guide rail is provided.
- the machine tool 100 may be provided with a Y-axis direction feed mechanism.
- the Y-axis direction is a direction orthogonal to the illustrated Z-axis direction and X-axis direction.
- the Y-axis direction feed mechanism also has a Y-axis direction feed table that can be driven by a linear servo motor.
- the Y-axis direction feed mechanism is mounted on the bed of the machine tool 100 via the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 and the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150, for example, and the first tool table 130A is mounted on the Y-axis direction feed table, for example,
- the tool 130 can be moved in the Y-axis direction in addition to the Z-axis and X-axis directions.
- the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 and the X-axis direction feed mechanism 150 may be mounted on the bed of the machine tool 100 via the Y-axis direction feed mechanism.
- a linear servo motor is used for the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160 and the like
- a known ball screw and servo motor may be used.
- the rotation of the main shaft 110 and the movement of the Z-axis direction feed mechanisms 160 and 260, the X-axis direction feed mechanisms 150 and 250, and the Y-axis direction feed mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160) are controlled by a control device 180. It is controlled by.
- the control device 180 drives the spindle motor to rotate the workpiece W in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2A with respect to the cutting tools 130 and 230, and drives the Z-axis direction feed mechanisms 160 and 260, respectively.
- 230 is reciprocated in the Z-axis direction of FIG.
- FIG. 2A shows an example in which the workpiece W rotates with respect to the cutting tools 130 and 230 and the cutting tools 130 and 230 reciprocate in the Z-axis direction with respect to the workpiece W, for example.
- the control device 180 moves (returns) the cutting tool 130 by a predetermined advance amount, and then moves (returns) the cutting tool 130 by a predetermined retraction amount.
- the cutting tool 130 can be sent to the workpiece W by a difference (advance amount) between the advance amount and the retract amount.
- the workpiece W is rotated in a predetermined direction by the spindle motor.
- the cutting tool 130 repeats forward and backward movements in the Z-axis direction with respect to the headstock 110A by the Z-axis direction feed mechanism 160, and from one rotation of the workpiece W, that is, from the spindle phase 0 °.
- the total of the above progress amounts while changing to 360 ° is the feed amount.
- the point at which the cutting tool 130 starts processing is set as the main axis phase 0 °, and the rotation direction of the workpiece W is set as the main axis phase direction.
- FIG. 4 shows an example in which the number of times the cutting tool 130 reciprocates during one rotation of the workpiece W (also referred to as the number of vibrations D1 for each rotation) is 3.5 (times / r).
- the surface shape (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 4) is that the phase of vibration is reversed and is shifted in the main axis phase direction (the horizontal axis direction of the graph of FIG. 4). Since each sinusoidal waveform is reversed, the position of the lowest point (the highest point of the mountain in the cutting tool 130) of the valley of the circumferential shape of the workpiece W indicated by the broken line in FIG. 4 is opposed to the highest point (the lowest point of the valley in the cutting tool 130) of the peripheral shape crest of the workpiece W indicated by a solid line in FIG.
- the cutting edge trajectory of one cutting tool 130 overlaps the machining part at the time of the current reciprocation and the machining part at the time of the next backward movement, for example, the peripheral surface of the workpiece W at the n + 1th rotation of the spindle 110. Since the shape includes the shape of the peripheral surface of the workpiece W at the n-th rotation of the spindle 110, the cutting tool 130 performs an idling operation that does not process the workpiece W. During this idling operation, chips generated from the workpiece W are divided into chips.
- the number of vibrations D1 is not an integer but shifted by 0.5, for example, 3.5 (times / r). Must be set to
- the second tool rest 230A can reciprocate in the Z-axis direction with respect to the workpiece W independently of the first tool rest 130A. Therefore, the control device 180 can also move (return) the cutting tool 230 by a predetermined backward movement amount after moving (forward movement) by a predetermined forward movement amount.
- the number of times the cutting tool 130 reciprocates while the workpiece W makes one rotation (the number of vibrations D1 for each rotation) and the number of times the cutting tool 230 reciprocates while the workpiece W makes one rotation (the vibration for each rotation).
- the number of times D2) can be set to a different value. Therefore, when machining the workpiece W, the number of vibrations is not limited to one, and, as will be described later, even if the number of vibrations is set to an integer, chips are generated and conditions for executing the machining Easy to set up.
- the tool life is improved and the amount of pushing back of the cutting tools 130 and 230 that receives the reaction force from the workpiece W is reduced.
- the processing accuracy can be improved.
- the cutting tools 130 and 230 are arranged at 180 ° facing positions, even if the workpiece W is pushed out by the machining force of one cutting tool, the workpiece W is moved by the machining force in the opposite direction by the other cutting tool. Since it will be pushed out, it becomes possible to suppress the fluctuation
- the control device 180 includes a control unit 181, an input unit 182, and a storage unit 183, which are connected via a bus.
- the control unit 181 includes a CPU and the like, and includes a motor control unit 190 that controls the operation of each motor, and a vibration adjustment unit 191 that sets the reciprocation of the Z-axis direction feed mechanisms 160 and 260.
- the control unit 181 loads various programs and data stored in, for example, the ROM of the storage unit 183 to the RAM, and executes the various programs, thereby executing the machine tool 100 via the motor control unit 190 and the vibration adjustment unit 191. Can be controlled.
- the reciprocating movement of the cutting tools 130 and 230 is executed at a vibration frequency f based on a predetermined command cycle T.
- the command cycle T is an integral multiple of this reference cycle IT.
- the motor control unit 190 causes the cutting tools 130 and 230 to reciprocate every 16 (ms).
- a drive signal is output to the axial feed mechanisms 160 and 260.
- the vibration frequency for reciprocating the cutting tools 130 and 230 is selected from a limited value (also referred to as a command frequency fc) that can be used.
- the control unit 181 can obtain a predetermined vibration waveform based on, for example, an input value of the input unit 182 or a machining program.
- the vibration adjustment unit 191 sets, for example, the number of vibrations D1 to 1 (times / r) from the first tool table data 192.
- the amplitude feed ratio Q which is the ratio of the vibration amplitude to the feed amount, is 1.5.
- the cutting tool 130 includes an n-th rotation machining area (shown by a solid line in FIG. 6A) of the spindle 110 (work W), and an n + 1-th machining area (FIG. 6 (A)).
- A) is indicated by a broken line.
- the number of vibrations D1 is an integer, and the machining area of the n-th rotation and the machining area of the (n + 1) -th rotation of the cutting tool 130 do not intersect with each other.
- the vibration adjusting unit 191 sets, for example, the same value as the cutting tool 130 from the second tool table data 193, that is, the vibration frequency D2 is 1 (times / r) and the amplitude feed ratio Q is 1.5. .
- the cutting tool 230 starts from a position 180 ° opposite to the starting position of the cutting tool 130, and is driven with the number of vibrations D2. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 6 (B), the machining region of the nth rotation of the spindle 110 (shown by a solid line in FIG. 6 (B)) and the machining region of the n + 1th rotation (shown by a broken line in FIG. 6 (B)). ) Is obtained. Also in this case, since the machining area of the n-th rotation of the cutting tool 230 and the machining area of the (n + 1) -th rotation do not intersect with each other, chips cannot be separated only by the cutting tool 230.
- the cutting edge path to the workpiece W is the same as that in FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B).
- FIG. 7A the thin solid line by the cutting tool 230, the thick solid line by the cutting tool 130, the thin broken line by the cutting tool 230, and the thick broken line by the cutting tool 130 are formed in this order.
- the blade edge path (for example, a thick broken line) of the cutting tool 130 intersects the blade edge path (for example, a thin broken line) of the cutting tool 230 that has machined the front periphery, and an idling motion occurs. Since (for example, a thin broken line) intersects with a cutting edge path (for example, a thick solid line) of the cutting tool 130 that has machined the front circumference, an idling motion occurs, so that chips can be divided even if the number of vibrations D1 and D2 is an integer. It can be seen that chips are generated (in FIG. 7A, the amount of processing is shown as an example of one piece of chips).
- FIG. 7A the amount of processing is shown as an example of one piece of chips).
- FIG. 7A shows an example of the cutting edge path in the middle of machining for both the cutting tools 130 and 230 in order to help understanding the shape of the chips.
- the machining area of the n-th rotation is indicated by a thin solid line at the main axis phase of 180 ° to 360 °
- the machining area of the n + 1-th rotation is indicated by a thin broken line at the main axis phase of 0 ° to 360 °.
- a thin one-dot chain line in the main axis phase of 0 ° to 180 ° For this reason, the machining amount 200 described with reference to FIG. 7A occurs not at a position straddling the main shaft phase of 180 ° but at a position straddling 0 ° (360 °).
- the vibration adjusting unit 191 sets the number of vibrations very close to an integer, for example, the number of vibrations D1 and D2 to 1.1 (times / r).
- the amplitude feed ratio Q is 1.5.
- the cutting tool 130 as shown in FIG. 8 (A) is indicated by a solid line), and an n + 1-th processed region (shown by a broken line in FIG. 8A) is obtained.
- the vibration frequency D1 is very close to an integer, the machining area of the n-th rotation of the cutting tool 130 and the machining area of the (n + 1) -th rotation do not intersect, and the cutting tool 130 alone cannot divide the chips.
- the cutting tool 230 includes an n-th machining area of the spindle 110 (shown by a solid line in FIG. 8B) and an n + 1-th machining area (a broken line in FIG. 8B). Is obtained). Also in this case, the machining area of the n-th rotation of the cutting tool 230 and the machining area of the (n + 1) -th rotation do not intersect with each other, and chips cannot be separated only by the cutting tool 230. However, the cutting edge path to the workpiece W by the cutting tool 130 and the cutting tool 230 is shown by a thin solid line by the cutting tool 230, and a thick line by the cutting tool 130, as shown in FIG. Are formed in the order of a solid line, a thin broken line by the cutting tool 230, and a thick broken line by the cutting tool 130.
- the cutting edge path (for example, a thick broken line) of the cutting tool 130 intersects with the cutting edge path (for example, a thin broken line) of the cutting tool 230 that has machined the front periphery, and an idling motion occurs. Since the blade edge path (for example, a thin broken line) intersects the blade edge path (for example, a thick solid line) of the cutting tool 130 that has machined the front periphery, an idling motion occurs, so that the vibration counts D1 and D2 are very close to integers. However, it can be seen that the chips can be divided (indicated by the processing amount 300 in FIG. 9).
- FIG. 10A shows a cutting edge path when machining with one cutting tool, and is an example in which the vibration frequency D is 1.5 (times / r) and the amplitude feed ratio Q is 1.5.
- the machining area of the n-th rotation of the main shaft 110 shown by a solid line in FIG. 10A
- the machining area of the n + 1-th rotation shown by a broken line in FIG. 10A
- n + 1 of the main spindle 110 Since the machining area of the rotation (shown by a broken line in FIG. 10A) and the machining area of the n + 2 rotation (shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 10A) intersect with each other, an idling motion occurs, so Generated (indicated by a processing amount 200 'in FIG. 10A).
- FIG. 10B is an example in which the same value as FIG. 7A, that is, the vibration frequency D1, D2 is 1 (times / r) and the amplitude feed ratio Q is 1.5.
- the cutting tools 130 and 230 are both shown as an example of a cutting edge path in the middle of processing, chips shown by the processing amount 200 described in FIG. 7A are generated and the cutting edge of the cutting tool 230 is generated.
- the path (for example, a thin broken line) intersects with the cutting edge path (for example, a thick solid line) of the cutting tool 130 that has machined the front periphery, and an idling motion occurs, and the cutting edge path (for example, a thick solid line) of the cutting tool 130 Since an idling motion occurs by intersecting with the cutting edge path (for example, a thin solid line) of the cutting tool 230 whose periphery has been machined, chips shown by the machining amount 201 are also generated.
- the thicknesses of the processing amounts 200 and 201 are about half of the processing amount 200'. That is, when the two cutting tools are reciprocated, the load on each cutting tool can be reduced. This also contributes to the improvement of the tool life and the machining accuracy of the workpiece.
- FIG. 11A shows a cutting edge path when machining with one cutting tool, and is an example in which the vibration frequency D is 1.5 (times / r) and the amplitude feed ratio Q is 0.5.
- the machining area of the n-th rotation of the spindle 110 shown by a solid line in FIG. 11A
- the machining area of the n + 1-th rotation shown by a broken line in FIG. 11A
- FIG. 11B is an example in which the same value as FIG. 11A, that is, the vibration frequency D1, D2 is 1.5 (times / r) and the amplitude feed ratio Q is 0.5.
- the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 (for example, a thin broken line) is shown by an example of the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 that starts machining from a position opposed to the cutting tool 130 by 180 °. ) Intersects with the cutting edge path (for example, a thick solid line) of the cutting tool 130 that machined the front circumference, and the idle movement occurs, and the cutting edge path (for example, the thick solid line) of the cutting tool 130 represents the cutting tool that machined the front circumference.
- FIG. 12A shows a blade edge path when machining with one cutting tool, and the vibration frequency D is 1.5 (times / r), as in the example described with reference to FIG.
- the amplitude feed ratio Q is 1.5.
- the chip indicated by the processing amount 200 ′ has a shape having long fan surfaces on the left and right in the drawing.
- FIG. 12 (B) is an example in which the same values as FIG. 12 (A), that is, the vibration times D1, D2 are 1.5 (times / r) and the amplitude feed ratio Q is 1.5.
- the cutting edge path (for example, a thick broken line) of the cutting tool 130 is the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 that has processed the front circumference ( For example, an idle swing operation occurs across the thin broken line), and the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 (for example, the thin broken line) intersects with the cutting edge path (for example, a thick solid line) of the cutting tool 130 whose front circumference has been machined.
- the processed amount 501 is shortened to about 2/3 of the processed amount 200'. That is, even if the number of vibrations is the same, if the length of the chips can be shortened, the rotational speed R of the spindle 110 (work W) can be set to a large value.
- the vibration frequency D1 of the cutting tool 130 may be set to 1 (times / r), for example, and the vibration frequency D2 of the cutting tool 230 may be set to 3 (times / r), for example. .
- the amplitude feed ratio Q which is the ratio of the vibration amplitude to the feed amount of the cutting tools 130 and 230
- the amplitude feed ratio Q of the cutting tool 130 is set to 1, for example.
- a different amplitude feed ratio may be set such that the amplitude feed ratio Q of the cutting tool 230 is 1.5, for example.
- the amplitude feed ratio Q is set so that the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 has a deep amplitude.
- the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 130 intersects with the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 that machined the front circumference, and an idling motion occurs, and the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 intersects the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 130 that machined the front circumference. Since the idling motion occurs, cutting can be performed while cutting the chips even if the vibration times D1, D2 and the phase of vibration are the same or close to each other.
- the phase of vibration may be set to be different between the cutting tool 130 and the cutting tool 230.
- the example in which the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 130 and the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 are reversed using FIG. 2 is described.
- the phase difference of vibration the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 130 is the front circumference. The phase difference between vibrations that causes an idle motion that intersects with the blade path of the cutting tool 230 that has been machined, and that causes an idle motion that intersects the blade path of the cutting tool 130 that has processed the front circumference.
- the phase difference of the vibration of each cutting tool (for example, shifting by 1/4 cycle or 1/8 cycle) is set according to the installation positions of the cutting tool 130 and the cutting tool 230, and the vibration start timing is cut. What is necessary is just to control separately with the tool 130 and the cutting tool 230.
- the phase of vibration can be controlled by changing the starting direction of vibration between the cutting tool 130 and the cutting tool 230. For example, when the cutting tool 130 and the cutting tool 230 are installed at positions close to each other, the direction in which vibration is started is set to the forward movement direction for the cutting tool 130, and the backward movement direction is set for the cutting tool 230.
- the cutting edge path of the tool 130 and the cutting edge path of the cutting tool 230 can be substantially reversed, and the phase of vibration can be made different.
- the cutting tool 130,230 demonstrated in the example arrange
- the present invention is not limited to this example, and even when installed at a position other than 180 °, based on the installation positions of the first tool table and the second tool table, By adjusting at least one of the number of times of vibration D, the amplitude feed ratio Q, and the phase of vibration at each installation position of the second tool rest with the vibration adjusting unit, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
- the work W rotates with respect to the cutting tools 130 and 230, and the cutting tools 130 and 230 reciprocate in the Z-axis direction with respect to the work W.
- the present invention is naturally applicable to a case where the workpiece W rotates with respect to the cutting tools 130 and 230 and the workpiece W and, for example, the cutting tool 130 reciprocate in the Z-axis direction with respect to the cutting tool 230.
- the case where the workpiece W or the cutting tool is reciprocated with the relative processing feed direction between the workpiece W and the cutting tool as the rotation axis direction (Z-axis direction) of the workpiece W has been described.
- the same effect can be obtained by reciprocating the workpiece W or the cutting tool with the direction as the radial direction of the workpiece W (X-axis direction).
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Abstract
Description
(1)第1の工具台と第2の工具台が、互いに独立してワークの加工送り方向に沿って往復移動可能に設けられている。よって、ワークが1回転する間に第1の切削工具が往復移動する回数と、ワークが1回転する間に第2の切削工具が往復移動する回数とを異なる値に設定でき、切屑を分断する振動切削加工する場合に、1つの振動回数に限定されずに済む。また、一つの切削工具で振動切削加工を行った場合には切屑が分断できなかった整数付近の振動回数に設定しても切屑を分断することができ、振動周波数が最小IT(基準周期)によって制限されている場合でも、切屑が分断できない振動回数領域を気にせず主軸回転数を選択することが可能となる。よって、振動切削加工を実行するための条件設定が容易になり、作業を速やかに開始することができる。
また、切削加工時に生ずる負荷も2つの切削工具で分担するので、工具寿命が向上するとともに、加工力や加工反力による工具やワークの変動量も、1つの切削工具を設けた場合に比べて減るため、ワークの加工精度の向上も図ることができる。
また、切削加工時に生ずる負荷も2つの切削工具で分担するので、工具寿命が向上するとともに、加工力や加工反力による工具やワークの変動量も、1つの切削工具を設けた場合に比べて減るため、ワークの加工精度の向上も図ることができる。
主軸110の先端にはチャック120が設けられており、ワークWはチャック120を介して主軸110に保持されている。主軸110は、主軸台110Aに回転自在に支持され、例えば主軸台110Aと主軸110との間に設けられた主軸モータ(例えばビルトインモータ)の動力によって回転する。
工作機械100のベッドには、Z軸方向送り機構160、X軸方向送り機構150が設けられている。
Z軸方向送り機構260は、Z軸方向送り機構160と同様に構成され、ベッドと一体のベース261と、Z軸方向送りテーブルをスライド自在に支持するZ軸方向ガイドレールとを備えている。Z軸方向送りテーブルが、リニアサーボモータ(いずれも図示省略)の駆動によって図示のZ軸方向に沿って移動すると、第2の工具台230AがZ軸方向に移動する。
Z軸方向送り機構160等にリニアサーボモータを用いた例を挙げて説明したが、公知のボールネジとサーボモータを用いてもよい。
1本の切削工具130だけを想定した場合、制御装置180は、切削工具130を所定の前進量で移動(往動)させた後、切削工具130を所定の後退量で移動(復動)させる。これにより、図3に示すように、切削工具130をワークWに対して前進量と後退量との差(進行量)だけ送ることができる。
これにより、ワークWの周面は、切削工具130によって正弦曲線状に加工される。図4は、ワークWが1回転する間に切削工具130が往復移動する回数(回転毎の振動回数D1ともいう)が3.5(回/r)の例を示す。
これにより、ワークWが1回転する間に切削工具130が往復移動する回数(回転毎の振動回数D1)と、ワークWが1回転する間に切削工具230が往復移動する回数(回転毎の振動回数D2)とを異なる値に設定できる。よって、ワークWを加工する場合に、1つの振動回数に限定されずに済み、また、後述のように、振動回数を整数に設定しても切粉が発生し、加工を実行するための条件設定が容易になる。
さらに、切削工具130,230を180°対向位置に配置すれば、仮に一方の切削工具による加工力でワークWが押し出されたとしても、もう一方の切削工具による反対方向の加工力でワークWを押し出すことになるため、ワークWの変動を抑制することが可能となる。
制御部181は、CPU等からなり、各モータの作動を制御するモータ制御部190と、Z軸方向送り機構160,260の往復移動を設定する振動調整部191とを備える。
制御部181は、記憶部183の例えばROMに格納されている各種プログラムやデータをRAMにロードし、各種プログラムを実行することにより、モータ制御部190、振動調整部191を介して、工作機械100の動作を制御することができる。
制御部181が、例えば1秒間に250回の動作指令を送ることが可能であった場合、動作指令は1÷250=4(ms)周期(基準周期ITともいう)で出力可能である。一般的には、指令周期Tはこの基準周期ITの整数倍である。
振動調整部191が第1の工具台用データ192から、例えば、振動回数D1を1(回/r)に設定する。なお、送り量に対する振動振幅の比である振幅送り比率Qは1.5とする。切削工具130は、図6(A)に示すように、主軸110(ワークW)のn回転目の加工領域(図6(A)に実線で示す)、n+1回転目の加工領域(図6(A)に破線で示す)が得られる。この場合、振動回数D1が整数であり、切削工具130のn回転目の加工領域とn+1回転目の加工領域は交差しないので、切削工具130のみでは切屑を分断できない。
なお、図7(A)では切粉の形状の理解を助けるために、切削工具130,230ともに加工途中での刃先経路の例を示した。しかし、図2で説明したように、切削工具230が切削工具130から180°対向した位置より加工を開始した場合には、図7(B)に示すように、切削工具230は、主軸110のn回転目の加工領域として主軸位相180°~360°に細めの実線で示され、n+1回転目の加工領域として主軸位相0°~360°に細めの破線で示され、n+2回転目の加工領域として主軸位相0°~180°に細めの1点鎖線で示される。このため、図7(A)で説明した加工量200は、主軸位相180°を跨いだ位置ではなく、0°(360°)を跨いだ位置で発生することになる。
しかしながら、切削工具130と切削工具230によるワークWへの刃先経路は、図8(A),(B)を合わせた図9に示すように、切削工具230による細めの実線、切削工具130による太めの実線、切削工具230による細めの破線、切削工具130による太めの破線の順に形成されて交差する。
詳しくは、図11(A)は1本の切削工具で加工した場合の刃先経路であり、振動回数Dが1.5(回/r)、振幅送り比率Qが0.5の例である。この場合、主軸110のn回転目の加工領域(図11(A)に実線で示す)、n+1回転目の加工領域(図11(A)に破線で示す)は交差しないことから、切屑を分断できない。
詳しくは、図12(A)は1本の切削工具で加工した場合の刃先経路であり、図10(A)で説明した例と同様に、振動回数Dが1.5(回/r)、振幅送り比率Qが1.5の例である。この場合、加工量200’で示す切粉は、図示の左右に長い扇面を有した形状になっている。
また、切削工具130と切削工具230との振動を開始する方向を異ならせることで、振動の位相を制御することができる。例えば切削工具130および切削工具230を近接した位置に設置した場合、振動を開始する方向を切削工具130では、往動方向に設定し、切削工具230では、復動方向に設定することで、切削工具130の刃先経路と切削工具230の刃先経路とをほぼ反転させた状態とすることができ、振動の位相を異ならせることができる。
また、上記説明では、ワークWが切削工具130,230に対して回転し、切削工具130,230がワークWに対してZ軸方向に往復移動する例を挙げて説明した。しかし、本発明は、ワークWが切削工具130,230に対して回転し、ワークWと例えば切削工具130が切削工具230に対してZ軸方向に往復移動する場合にも当然に適用される。
また、上記説明では、ワークWと切削工具との相対的な加工送り方向をワークWの回転軸線方向(Z軸方向)としてワークWまたは切削工具を往復移動させた場合について説明したが、加工送り方向をワークWの径方向(X軸方向)としてワークWまたは切削工具を往復させても同様の効果が得られる。
110 ・・・ 主軸
110A・・・ 主軸台
120 ・・・ チャック
130 ・・・ 切削工具
130A・・・ 第1の工具台
131 ・・・ チップ
150 ・・・ X軸方向送り機構
151 ・・・ ベース
160 ・・・ Z軸方向送り機構
161 ・・・ ベース
180 ・・・ 制御装置
181 ・・・ 制御部
182 ・・・ 入力部
183 ・・・ 記憶部
190 ・・・ モータ制御部
191 ・・・ 振動調整部
192 ・・・ 第1工具台用データ
193 ・・・ 第2工具台用データ
230 ・・・ 切削工具
230A・・・ 第2の工具台
231 ・・・ チップ
250 ・・・ X軸方向送り機構
251 ・・・ ベース
260 ・・・ Z軸方向送り機構
261 ・・・ ベース
Claims (5)
- ワークと切削工具との相対的な回転と、前記ワークと前記切削工具との相対的な加工送り方向への往復移動を制御して前記ワークを振動切削加工する工作機械の制御装置であって、
前記ワークを装着する主軸台と、
該主軸台に対して前記加工送り方向に沿って往復移動可能に設けられ、該ワークを切削するための第1の切削工具を装着する第1の工具台と、
該第1の工具台とは独立して前記主軸台に対して前記加工送り方向に沿って往復移動可能に設けられ、該ワークを切削するための第2の切削工具を装着する第2の工具台と、を制御する制御部を有する、工作機械の制御装置。 - 複数の切削工具とワークとの相対的な移動を各々独立して制御する制御部を備え、該制御部による前記移動の制御によって、前記切削工具による振動を伴う前記ワークの切削加工を行う工作機械の制御装置であって、
前記制御部が、前記ワークと所定の前記切削工具の切削加工に際して、所定の前記切削工具の刃先経路に交差するように、所定の前記切削工具の前記移動とは独立に他の前記切削工具の前記移動を制御して前記ワークの切削加工を行う工作機械の制御装置。 - 前記制御部が、前記各切削工具の設置位置に基づいて、前記切削工具各々に対して、前記ワーク1回転あたりの振動回数、または前記振動の振幅あるいは位相を制御する、請求項1または2に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 前記各切削工具が、前記ワークに対して対向した位置に配置されている、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の工作機械の制御装置。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の工作機械の制御装置を備えた工作機械。
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JPWO2020084771A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-26 | 2021-02-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 数値制御装置および数値制御方法 |
WO2020084771A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-26 | 2020-04-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 数値制御装置、工作機械および数値制御方法 |
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JP2020149436A (ja) * | 2019-03-14 | 2020-09-17 | ファナック株式会社 | 数値制御装置及び工作機械 |
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JP7252040B2 (ja) | 2019-04-03 | 2023-04-04 | ファナック株式会社 | 数値制御装置 |
CN112008485A (zh) * | 2019-05-30 | 2020-12-01 | 发那科株式会社 | 数值控制装置以及机床 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3603856A4 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
JPWO2018181447A1 (ja) | 2020-02-06 |
TWI789382B (zh) | 2023-01-11 |
US11253924B2 (en) | 2022-02-22 |
US20200101538A1 (en) | 2020-04-02 |
ES2969651T3 (es) | 2024-05-21 |
KR20190134697A (ko) | 2019-12-04 |
CN110475637A (zh) | 2019-11-19 |
JP7046919B2 (ja) | 2022-04-04 |
CN110475637B (zh) | 2021-05-04 |
EP3603856A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
TW201836758A (zh) | 2018-10-16 |
EP3603856B1 (en) | 2023-12-06 |
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