Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
  • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
  • C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
  • C08C19/28—Reaction with compounds containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
  • C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
  • C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/04—Carbon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/02—Elements
  • C08K3/06—Sulfur
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K3/36—Silica
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/09—Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
  • C08K5/45—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur in the ring
  • C08K5/46—Heterocyclic compounds having sulfur in the ring with oxygen or nitrogen in the ring
  • C08K5/47—Thiazoles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
  • C08K5/548—Silicon-containing compounds containing sulfur
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L91/00—Compositions of oils, fats or waxes; Compositions of derivatives thereof
  • C08L91/06—Waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F136/00—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F136/02—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F136/04—Homopolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F136/06—Butadiene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F236/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/02—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
  • C08F236/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
  • C08F236/06—Butadiene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
  • C08L2205/06—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features having improved processability or containing aids for moulding methods
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
  • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a rubber composition.
• a rubber composition in which mechanical strength is improved by blending a filler such as silica or carbon black with a rubber component such as natural rubber or styrene butadiene rubber is a tire that requires wear resistance and mechanical strength.
• a rubber composition containing a filler has a high viscosity at the time of rubber kneading, rolling and extrusion, process oil or the like is used as a plasticizer for the purpose of improving processability and fluidity.
• the dispersibility of the filler may not be sufficient, and the crosslinked product obtained from the rubber composition has mechanical strength, abrasion resistance. In some cases, the physical properties of the properties are not always sufficient. Furthermore, in a crosslinked product obtained from a rubber composition, particularly a tire, etc., further improvement in rolling resistance performance as well as mechanical strength such as tensile strength is desired. In addition, it is also desired to improve handling stability and ice grip performance, which are generally difficult to achieve.
• the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, a rubber composition excellent in filler dispersibility, a cross-linked product excellent in mechanical strength such as tensile strength, wear resistance, etc., rolling resistance performance, Provided is a tire partially using the composition or the cross-linked product, which can achieve both improved handling stability and improved ice grip performance.
• the rubber composition contains a specific modified liquid diene rubber and the like so that the dispersibility of the filler is excellent, and the crosslinked product obtained from the rubber composition has a tensile strength.
• the present inventors have found that it is excellent in mechanical strength such as strength and abrasion resistance, and that steering stability, ice grip performance, and rolling resistance performance are improved, and the present invention has been completed.
• the present invention relates to the following [1] to [7].
• [1] A modified liquid diene having a functional group derived from the modified compound obtained by adding the modified compound to the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A).
• the modified liquid diene rubber (B) has the following (i) to (iv): (i) containing 50% by mass or more of butadiene units based on all monomer units, (ii) a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 25,000 to 120,000, (iii) The amount of the modifying compound added is 3 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′).
• Modified liquid diene rubber (B) The average number of functional groups per molecule is 5 to 80, A rubber composition satisfying
• the functional group of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is derived from a maleic anhydride group, a succinic anhydride group, a maleic acid monoester group, a succinic acid monoester group, a maleic acid monoamide group and a succinic acid monoamide group.
• the filler is excellent in dispersibility, and when cross-linked, it has excellent mechanical strength such as tensile strength, abrasion resistance, etc., and handling stability, ice grip performance, rolling resistance performance is improved, and the cross-linking is further performed.
• a rubber composition that can increase the hardness of the product is obtained.
• the rubber composition or a crosslinked product of the composition is useful, for example, as at least a part of a tire, and a tire using the composition or the like is excellent in the various performances described above.
• Solid rubber (A) The solid rubber used in the rubber composition of the present invention (A), refers to rubbers which can be handled in solid form in 20 ° C., Mooney viscosity ML 1 + 4 at 100 ° C. of the rubber solid (A) is usually 20 to 200 It is in the range.
• the solid rubber (A) include natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (hereinafter also referred to as “SBR”), butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, and butadiene acrylonitrile copolymer.
• SBR styrene butadiene rubber
• Examples thereof include rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, fluorine rubber, and urethane rubber.
• solid rubbers (A) natural rubber, SBR, butadiene rubber, and isoprene rubber are preferable, and natural rubber and SBR are more preferable.
• These solid rubbers (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the solid rubber (A) is preferably 80,000 or more from the viewpoint of sufficiently exhibiting the characteristics of the obtained rubber composition and crosslinked product, and is 100,000 to 3,000. More preferably, it is within the range of 1,000.
• the number average molecular weight in this specification is a number average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• the natural rubber examples include natural rubber, high-purity natural rubber, epoxidized natural rubber, hydroxylated natural rubber, hydrogenated natural rubber commonly used in the tire industry such as TSR and RSS such as SMR, SIR, and STR.
• modified natural rubber such as grafted natural rubber.
• SMR20, STR20, and RSS # 3 are preferable from the viewpoint of little variation in quality and easy availability. These natural rubbers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the SBR those commonly used for tire applications can be used. Specifically, those having a styrene content of 0.1 to 70% by mass are preferred, those having a styrene content of 5 to 50% by mass are more preferred, and 15 More preferable is 35% by mass.
• the vinyl content is preferably 0.1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 55% by mass.
• the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of SBR is preferably 100,000 to 2,500,000, more preferably 150,000 to 2,000,000, and 200,000 to 1,500,000. More preferably it is. When it is in the above range, both workability and mechanical strength can be achieved.
• the weight average molecular weight in this specification is the weight average molecular weight of polystyrene conversion calculated
• the glass transition temperature obtained by differential thermal analysis of SBR used in the present invention is preferably ⁇ 95 to 0 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 95 to ⁇ 5 ° C. By setting the glass transition temperature in the above range, the viscosity of the SBR can be set in a range that is easy to handle.
• SBR that can be used in the present invention is obtained by copolymerizing styrene and butadiene.
• SBR there is no particular limitation on the production method of SBR, and any of an emulsion polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method, and a bulk polymerization method can be used. Among these production methods, an emulsion polymerization method and a solution polymerization method are preferable. .
• Emulsion-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (hereinafter also referred to as E-SBR) can be produced by a conventional emulsion polymerization method known in the art or in accordance with a known method. For example, it can be obtained by emulsifying and dispersing a predetermined amount of styrene and butadiene monomer in the presence of an emulsifier, and emulsion polymerization with a radical polymerization initiator.
• a solution-polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (hereinafter also referred to as S-SBR) can be produced by an ordinary solution polymerization method.
• S-SBR styrene butadiene rubber
• an active metal capable of anion polymerization in a solvent is used, and optionally in the presence of a polar compound. Polymerizes styrene and butadiene.
• the solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and isooctane; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane; benzene, And aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene.
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and isooctane
• alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane
• benzene And aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene.
• These solvents are usually preferably used in a range where the monomer concentration is 1 to 50% by mass.
• anion-polymerizable active metal examples include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium; alkaline earth metals such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; lanthanoid rare earth metals such as lanthanum and neodymium .
• alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferable, and alkali metals are more preferable.
• organic alkali metal compounds are more preferably used.
• organic alkali metal compound examples include organic monolithium compounds such as n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, hexyllithium, phenyllithium and stilbenelithium; dilithiomethane, 1,4-dilithiobutane, 1,4 -Polyfunctional organolithium compounds such as dilithio-2-ethylcyclohexane and 1,3,5-trilithiobenzene; sodium naphthalene, potassium naphthalene and the like.
• organic lithium compound is preferable, and an organic monolithium compound is more preferable.
• the amount of the organic alkali metal compound used is appropriately determined depending on the required molecular weight of S-SBR.
• the organic alkali metal compound can also be used as an organic alkali metal amide by reacting with a secondary amine such as dibutylamine, dihexylamine, and dibenzylamine.
• the polar compound is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used for adjusting the microstructure of the butadiene site and the distribution in the copolymer chain of styrene without deactivating the reaction in anionic polymerization.
• examples include ether compounds such as dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol diethyl ether; tertiary amines such as tetramethylethylenediamine and trimethylamine; alkali metal alkoxides and phosphine compounds.
• the temperature of the polymerization reaction is usually in the range of ⁇ 80 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C., more preferably 30 to 90 ° C.
• the polymerization mode may be either a batch type or a continuous type.
• styrene and butadiene are continuously or intermittently supplied into the reaction solution so that the composition ratio of styrene and butadiene in the polymerization system falls within a specific range. Is preferred.
• the polymerization reaction can be stopped by adding an alcohol such as methanol or isopropanol as a polymerization terminator.
• the target S-SBR can be recovered by separating the solvent by direct drying, steam stripping or the like.
• the polymerization solution and the extending oil may be mixed in advance and recovered as an oil-extended rubber.
• a modified SBR in which a functional group is introduced into the SBR may be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
• the functional group include an amino group, an alkoxysilyl group, a hydroxyl group, an epoxy group, and a carboxyl group.
• the modified SBR for example, before adding a polymerization terminator, tin tetrachloride, tetrachlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, which can react with a polymerization active terminal, Coupling agents such as 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, etc. And a method of adding other modifiers described in JP2011-132298A.
• the position of the polymer into which the functional group is introduced may be a polymerization terminal or a side chain of the polymer chain.
• the butadiene rubber include Ziegler catalysts such as titanium tetrahalide-trialkylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride-cobalt, trialkylaluminum-boron trifluoride-nickel, and diethylaluminum chloride-nickel;
• Ziegler catalysts such as titanium tetrahalide-trialkylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride-cobalt, trialkylaluminum-boron trifluoride-nickel, and diethylaluminum chloride-nickel
• a commercially available butadiene rubber polymerized with a lanthanoid rare earth metal catalyst such as an aluminum-organic acid neodymium-Lewis acid type or the like, or an organic alkali metal compound in the same manner as S-SBR can be used.
• Butadiene rubber polymerized with a Ziegler catalyst is preferred because of its high cis isomer content. Moreover, you may use the butadiene rubber of the ultra high cis body content obtained using a lanthanoid type rare earth metal catalyst.
• the vinyl content of the butadiene rubber is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and still more preferably 30% by mass or less. When the vinyl content exceeds 50% by mass, the rolling resistance performance tends to deteriorate.
• the lower limit of the vinyl content is not particularly limited.
• the glass transition temperature varies depending on the vinyl content, but is preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower, and more preferably ⁇ 50 ° C. or lower.
• the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the butadiene rubber is preferably 90,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 150,000 to 1,500,000. When Mw is in the above range, workability and mechanical strength are good.
• the butadiene rubber has a polyfunctional modifier, for example, tin tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, alkoxysilane having an epoxy group in the molecule, or amino group, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
• a modifier such as alkoxysilane, it may have a branched structure or a polar functional group.
• isoprene rubber examples include Ziegler catalysts such as titanium tetrahalide-trialkylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride-cobalt, trialkylaluminum-boron trifluoride-nickel, and diethylaluminum chloride-nickel;
• Ziegler catalysts such as titanium tetrahalide-trialkylaluminum, diethylaluminum chloride-cobalt, trialkylaluminum-boron trifluoride-nickel, and diethylaluminum chloride-nickel
• a commercially available isoprene rubber polymerized with an lanthanoid rare earth metal catalyst such as an aluminum-organic acid neodymium-Lewis acid system or an organic alkali metal compound in the same manner as S-SBR can be used.
• Isoprene rubber polymerized with a Ziegler catalyst is preferred because of its high cis isomer content.
• the vinyl content of the isoprene rubber is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and still more preferably 30% by mass or less. When the vinyl content exceeds 50% by mass, the rolling resistance performance tends to deteriorate.
• the lower limit of the vinyl content is not particularly limited.
• the glass transition temperature varies depending on the vinyl content, but is preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 30 ° C. or lower.
• the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the isoprene rubber is preferably 90,000 to 2,000,000, and more preferably 150,000 to 1,500,000. When Mw is in the above range, workability and mechanical strength are good.
• a part thereof is a polyfunctional modifier, such as tin tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, alkoxysilane having an epoxy group in the molecule, or amino group-containing
• a modifier such as alkoxysilane, it may have a branched structure or a polar functional group.
• the modified liquid diene rubber (B) used in the rubber composition of the present invention is a liquid polymer, and the butadiene unit is 50% by mass or more based on the total monomer units constituting the polymer, and the weight.
• the average molecular weight (Mw) is in the range of 25,000 to 120,000, and is obtained by adding a modifying compound to an unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′).
• the average number of functional groups per unit is in the range of 5 to 80.
• the modified liquid diene rubber (B) has a high affinity with the filler (C) described later and is excellent in dispersibility of the filler (C) in the rubber composition, and the modified diene rubber (B ) Is excellent in crosslinkability.
• the crosslinked product of the rubber composition is not only excellent in mechanical properties such as tensile strength at break and abrasion resistance, but also has a handling stability and an ice grip performance when the crosslinked product is used as a tire, for example. Both improve, and rolling resistance performance also improves.
• the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) which is a raw material for the modified liquid diene rubber (B)
• 50% by mass or more of all monomer units constituting the polymer is a butadiene unit.
• the content of butadiene units is preferably 60 to 100% by mass, more preferably 70 to 100% by mass, based on all monomer units of the liquid diene rubber (B ′).
• Examples of monomer units other than butadiene units that can be included in the liquid diene rubber (B ′) include conjugated diene (b1) units other than butadiene and aromatic vinyl compound (b2) units. .
• conjugated diene (b1) examples include isoprene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, 2-phenylbutadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-pentadiene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,3- Examples include octadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-octadiene, 1,3,7-octatriene, myrcene, and chloroprene. Of these conjugated dienes (b1), isoprene is preferred. These conjugated dienes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• aromatic vinyl compound (b2) examples include styrene, ⁇ -methyl styrene, 2-methyl styrene, 3-methyl styrene, 4-methyl styrene, 4-propyl styrene, 4-t-butyl styrene, and 4-cyclohexyl styrene.
• the content of monomer units other than butadiene units in the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 40% by mass or less, and further preferably 30% by mass or less. preferable.
• the vinyl aromatic compound (b2) unit is within the above range, the processability of the rubber composition tends to be improved.
• the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) is obtained by polymerizing butadiene and other monomers other than butadiene, if necessary, by, for example, an emulsion polymerization method or a solution polymerization method. Polymers are preferred.
• emulsion polymerization method a known method or a method according to a known method can be applied.
• a monomer containing a predetermined amount of conjugated diene is emulsified and dispersed in the presence of an emulsifier, and emulsion polymerization is performed using a radical polymerization initiator.
• Examples of the emulsifier include long chain fatty acid salts having 10 or more carbon atoms and rosin acid salts.
• Examples of the long chain fatty acid salts include potassium salts or sodium salts of fatty acids such as capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, and the like.
• water is usually used, and it may contain a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol and ethanol as long as the stability during polymerization is not hindered.
• a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol and ethanol
• the radical polymerization initiator include persulfates such as ammonium persulfate and potassium persulfate, organic peroxides, hydrogen peroxide, and the like.
• a chain transfer agent may be used.
• the chain transfer agent include mercaptans such as t-dodecyl mercaptan and n-dodecyl mercaptan; carbon tetrachloride, thioglycolic acid, diterpene, terpinolene, ⁇ -terpinene, ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer, and the like.
• the temperature of emulsion polymerization can be appropriately set depending on the type of radical polymerization initiator used and the like, but is usually in the range of 0 to 100 ° C., preferably in the range of 0 to 60 ° C.
• the polymerization mode may be either continuous polymerization or batch polymerization.
• the polymerization reaction can be stopped by adding a polymerization terminator.
• the polymerization terminator include amine compounds such as isopropylhydroxylamine, diethylhydroxylamine, and hydroxylamine, quinone compounds such as hydroquinone and benzoquinone, and sodium nitrite.
• an antioxidant may be added as necessary.
• a salt such as sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium chloride is used as a coagulant, and nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
• the liquid diene rubber (B ′) is coagulated while adjusting the pH of the coagulation system to a predetermined value by adding an acid, and then the polymer is recovered by separating the dispersion solvent. Next, after washing with water, dehydration, and drying, the liquid diene rubber (B ′) is obtained. In the course of coagulation, if necessary, latex and an extending oil previously made into an emulsified dispersion may be mixed and recovered as an oil-modified unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′).
• a known method or a method according to a known method can be applied.
• a Ziegler catalyst a metallocene catalyst, an anion-polymerizable active metal or an active metal compound in a solvent
• a monomer containing a conjugated diene is polymerized in the presence of a polar compound as necessary.
• the solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and isooctane; alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane; benzene, Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene are exemplified.
• aliphatic hydrocarbons such as n-butane, n-pentane, isopentane, n-hexane, n-heptane and isooctane
• alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclopentane
• benzene Aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylene are exemplified.
• anion-polymerizable active metal examples include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium; alkaline earth metals such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; lanthanoid rare earth metals such as lanthanum and neodymium .
• alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferable, and alkali metals are more preferable.
• the active metal compound capable of anionic polymerization an organic alkali metal compound is preferable.
• organic alkali metal compound examples include organic monolithium compounds such as methyllithium, ethyllithium, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, t-butyllithium, hexyllithium, phenyllithium and stilbenelithium; dilithiomethane, dilithionaphthalene Polyfunctional organolithium compounds such as 1,4-dilithiobutane, 1,4-dilithio-2-ethylcyclohexane, 1,3,5-trilithiobenzene; sodium naphthalene, potassium naphthalene and the like.
• organic alkali metal compounds organic lithium compounds are preferable, and organic monolithium compounds are more preferable.
• the amount of the organic alkali metal compound used can be appropriately set according to the melt viscosity, molecular weight, etc. of the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) and the modified liquid diene rubber (B). It is usually used in an amount of 0.01 to 3 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the body.
• the organic alkali metal compound can be used as an organic alkali metal amide by reacting with a secondary amine such as dibutylamine, dihexylamine, dibenzylamine and the like.
• Polar compounds are usually used in anionic polymerization to adjust the microstructure of the conjugated diene moiety without deactivating the reaction.
• the polar compound include ether compounds such as dibutyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and ethylene glycol diethyl ether; tertiary amines such as tetramethylethylenediamine and trimethylamine; alkali metal alkoxides and phosphine compounds.
• the polar compound is usually used in an amount of 0.01 to 1000 mol with respect to the organoalkali metal compound.
• the temperature of solution polymerization is usually in the range of ⁇ 80 to 150 ° C., preferably in the range of 0 to 100 ° C., more preferably in the range of 10 to 90 ° C.
• the polymerization mode may be either batch or continuous.
• the polymerization reaction can be stopped by adding a polymerization terminator.
• the polymerization terminator include alcohols such as methanol and isopropanol.
• the obtained polymerization reaction liquid is poured into a poor solvent such as methanol to precipitate unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′), or the polymerization reaction liquid is washed with water, separated, and dried to remove the above-mentioned unreacted liquid.
• the modified liquid diene rubber (B ′) can be isolated.
• the solution polymerization method is preferable among the above methods.
• the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) thus obtained may be modified with the functional group described later as it is, but at least one of the unsaturated bonds contained in the liquid diene rubber. Modification may be carried out after hydrogenation of the part.
• the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) is modified with various functional groups and used as a modified liquid diene rubber (B).
• functional groups include amino groups, amide groups, imino groups, imidazole groups, urea groups, alkoxysilyl groups, hydroxyl groups, epoxy groups, ether groups, carboxyl groups, carbonyl groups, mercapto groups, isocyanate groups, nitrile groups, and anhydrous carboxylic acids.
• Examples thereof include acid anhydride groups such as acid groups, dicarboxylic acid monoester groups, and dicarboxylic acid monoamide groups.
• Examples of the method for producing the modified liquid diene rubber (B) include, for example, tin tetrachloride, dibutyltin chloride, tetrachlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and dimethyldiethoxy that can react with a polymerization active terminal before adding a polymerization terminator.
• Modified compounds that are coupling agents such as silane, tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, tetraglycidyl-1,3-bisaminomethylcyclohexane, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, Polymer end-modifying compounds such as 4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-methylpyrrolidone, 4-dimethylaminobenzylideneaniline, dimethylimidazolidinone, or other compounds described in JP2011-132298A Add the modifying compound, Examples thereof include a method of adding to an unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′).
• the modified liquid diene rubber (B) produced is preferably used in the present invention.
• Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid include maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, and (meth) acrylic acid.
• Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative include unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride and itaconic anhydride; unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoesters such as maleic acid monoester, itaconic acid monoester, and fumaric acid monoester.
• esters such as glycidyl (meth) acrylate and hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate; unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoamides such as maleic acid monoamide, itaconic acid monoamide and fumaric acid monoamide; maleic acid imide and itaconic acid imide And unsaturated carboxylic acid imides.
• the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride, the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoester, and the unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoamide are modified compounds.
• Liquid diene rubber (B) is preferred, maleic anhydride group, succinic anhydride added to unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) as maleic anhydride, maleic acid monoester and maleic acid monoamide as modifying compounds.
• the method for adding the modifying compound to the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) is not particularly limited.
• an unsaturated carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof is added to the liquid diene rubber, and a radical catalyst is added if necessary.
• a method of heating in the presence or absence of an organic solvent can be employed.
• the organic solvent used in the above method includes a hydrocarbon solvent and a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent.
• hydrocarbon solvents such as n-butane, n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene and xylene are preferable.
• radical catalyst used in the above method examples include di-s-butylperoxydicarbonate, t-amylperoxypivalate, t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and azobisisobutyronitrile. It is done. Among these radical catalysts, azoisobutyronitrile is preferable.
• the modified liquid diene system is further obtained.
• a modified liquid diene rubber having a dicarboxylic acid monoester group or a modified liquid diene rubber having a dicarboxylic acid monoamide group is produced by reacting the rubber with alcohol, ammonia, or an amine, and this is converted into a modified liquid diene. You may use as system rubber (B).
• the addition amount of the modifying compound in the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 3 to 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′), preferably in the range of 3 to 35 parts by weight.
• the range of 3 to 30 parts by mass is more preferable, and the range of 3 to 20 parts by mass is still more preferable.
• the amount of the modified compound added is more than 40 parts by mass, the elongation and tensile strength of the resulting crosslinked product tend to decrease, and when it is less than 3 parts by mass, the tensile fracture strength and resistance of the resulting crosslinked product are reduced.
• the effect of improving the wearability is not sufficient, and when the crosslinked product is used as a tire or the like, the effect of improving the handling stability, ice grip performance, and rolling resistance performance is insufficient.
• the amount of the modifying compound added to the modified liquid diene rubber (B) can be calculated based on the acid value described later of the modifying compound, and various methods such as infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used. It can also be determined using an analytical instrument.
• the average number of functional groups per molecule of functional groups derived from the modifying compound in the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 5 to 80, preferably 10 to 80, and preferably 10 to 70. Is more preferable.
• the average number of functional groups is within the above range, the dispersibility of the filler (C) described later in the resulting rubber composition is improved.
• handling stability of tires made of the crosslinked product, ice grip performance, The rolling resistance performance is improved.
• the cross-linked product obtained from the rubber composition improves the tensile strength at break and wear resistance.
• the average number of functional groups is preferably 5 to 40. Further, from the viewpoint of wear resistance and handling stability, the average number of functional groups is more preferably 10 to 40.
• the functional group equivalent of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is preferably in the range of 150 to 6,500 g / eq, more preferably 200 to 5,000 g / eq, and 300 to 3000 g / eq. More preferably. Since the dispersibility of the filler (C) in the resulting rubber composition is improved when the equivalent of the functional group of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is in the above range, for example, a tire made of the crosslinked product, etc. Good handling stability, ice grip performance, rolling resistance performance, etc. In addition, the cross-linked product obtained from the rubber composition improves the tensile strength at break and wear resistance.
• the equivalent of the functional group in this specification means the mass of other monomers other than the butadiene couple
• the equivalent of the functional group is calculated from the area ratio of the peak derived from the functional group and the peak derived from the polymer main chain using 1 H-NMR or 13 C-NMR, or calculated by acid value measurement described later. Can do.
• the addition reaction rate of the modifying compound of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 40 to 100 mol%, preferably 60 to 100 mol%, more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, and more preferably 90 to 100 mol%. More preferably. If the addition reaction rate is within the above range, the resulting modified liquid diene rubber (B) is less likely to have a modified compound or a low-molecular compound derived from the modified compound. It is possible to further suppress adverse effects such as mold contamination derived from acidic components such as maleic anhydride. For example, when an unsaturated carboxylic acid or an unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative is used as the modifying compound, the unreacted modification rate is obtained by comparing the acid value before and after washing in the sample after the modification reaction. The amount of the compound can be calculated and determined.
• the position at which the functional group is introduced may be a polymerization terminal or a side chain of the polymer chain, but a plurality of functional groups can be easily introduced. From this viewpoint, it is preferably a side chain of a polymer chain.
• the said functional group may be contained individually by 1 type, and may be contained 2 or more types. Therefore, the modified liquid diene rubber (B) may be modified with one modified compound, or may be modified with two or more modified compounds.
• the modified compound added to the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an unsaturated carboxylic acid derivative such as an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydride, an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoester, and an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monoamide.
• the acid value of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) in terms of free carboxylic acid is usually 15 to 150 mgKOH, preferably 17 to 120, more preferably 20 to 100. When the acid value is in this range, the balance between the rolling resistance performance and the ice grip performance is good.
• the acid value of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) was determined by depressurizing the sample at 80 ° C. for 12 hours after washing the sample 4 times with methanol (5 mL for 1 g of the sample) to remove impurities such as antioxidants. It is obtained by drying and adding 180 mL of toluene and 20 mL of ethanol to 3 g of sample and dissolving, followed by neutralization titration with an ethanol solution of 0.1 N potassium hydroxide.
• a reaction for adding the modified compound is used as a method for producing the modified liquid diene rubber (B) in which the amount of the modified compound added is in a specific range and the average number of functional groups and the addition reaction rate are in a specific range. It is effective to react at a suitable reaction temperature for a sufficient reaction time.
• the temperature in the reaction for adding the modifying compound to the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) is preferably from 100 to 200 ° C., more preferably from 120 to 180 ° C.
• the reaction time is preferably 3 to 200 hours, more preferably 4 to 100 hours, still more preferably 5 to 50 hours.
• the melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) measured at 38 ° C. is preferably in the range of 50 to 3,000 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably in the range of 50 to 2,000 Pa ⁇ s, still more preferably 50 to 1. , 000 Pa ⁇ s.
• the melt viscosity of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is within the above range, the process passability at the time of production is excellent, and the economy is good. Moreover, kneading
• the melt viscosity of the liquid diene rubber (B) is a value measured with a Brookfield viscometer at 38 ° C.
• the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 25,000 to 120,000, preferably 25,000 to 100,000, more preferably 25,000 to 90,000, and 25,000. ⁇ 80,000 is more preferred, and 30,000 to 70,000 is even more preferred.
• Mw of the liquid diene rubber (B) is a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene determined from measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). When the Mw of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is within the above range, the process passability at the time of production is excellent, and the economy is good.
• the processability of the rubber composition of the present invention is improved, and the dispersibility of the filler (C) described later in the resulting rubber composition is improved. Ice grip performance, rolling resistance performance, etc. are good.
• the cross-linked product obtained from the rubber composition improves the tensile strength at break and wear resistance.
• two or more kinds of modified liquid diene rubbers (B) having different Mw may be used in combination.
• the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is preferably 1.0 to 8.0, more preferably 1.0 to 5.0, and still more preferably 1.0 to 3.0. It is more preferable that Mw / Mn is in the above-mentioned range because the variation of the viscosity of the resulting modified liquid diene rubber (B) is small.
• the maximum liquid molecular weight (Mt) of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is 25,000 to 120,000, preferably 25,000 to 90,000, more preferably 25,000 to 80,000, and 30,000. More preferably, 70 to 70,000.
• Mt of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is within the above range, the processability of the rubber composition of the present invention is improved, and the dispersibility of the filler (C) in the resulting rubber composition is improved. Therefore, for example, the rolling resistance performance of a tire made of the crosslinked product is improved. In addition, the low migration performance is improved in the cross-linked product obtained from the rubber composition.
• Mt of the liquid diene rubber (B) is the maximum peak molecular weight in terms of polystyrene determined from measurement by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
• the total area derived from the polymer in the GPC chromatogram obtained by the GPC measurement is 100%, and the ratio of the polymer in the region where the molecular weight is Mt ⁇ 1.45 or more is 0 to It is preferable to be in the range of 20%.
• a polymer, typically a coupling body in which the molecular weight is in the region of Mt ⁇ 1.45 or more when the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) is modified. If a polymer derived from a by-product such as the above exists in excess of the above ratio, the steric hindrance increases, and it is estimated that the effect of the functional group added to the polymer is reduced.
• the proportion of the polymer having a molecular weight in the region of Mt ⁇ 1.45 or more is preferably in the range of 0 to 15%, and in the range of 0 to 10%. It is more preferable.
• the ratio of the polymer having a molecular weight in the region of Mt ⁇ 1.45 or higher is determined by GPC chromatography obtained when gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement is performed under the conditions described in the examples described later. It is a value obtained as an area ratio of the polymer in the region when the total area derived from the polymer in grams (area surrounded by the GPC chromatogram and the baseline) is 100%.
• the modified liquid diene rubber (B) having such a specific molecular weight distribution As a method for producing the modified liquid diene rubber (B) having such a specific molecular weight distribution, a component that inhibits the reaction of purifying the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) and adding the modifying compound is used. Thorough removal can be mentioned. As a purification method, washing with water or warm water, an organic solvent typified by methanol, acetone or the like or supercritical fluid carbon dioxide is preferable.
• the modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a specific molecular weight distribution it is also effective to add an anti-aging agent during the reaction of adding the modifying compound.
• Preferred anti-aging agents used at this time include, for example, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), 2,2′-methylenebis (4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4 '-Thiobis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidenebis (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) (AO-40), 3,9-bis [1,1-dimethyl- 2- [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) propionyloxy] ethyl] -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane (AO-80), 2,4-bis [(octylthio) methyl] -6-methylphenol (Irganox 1520L), 2,
• the addition amount of the anti-aging agent is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the unmodified liquid diene rubber (B ′) or the modified liquid diene rubber (B). Part is more preferred.
• the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is the vinyl content of butadiene units and conjugated diene (b1) units, the type of conjugated diene (b1), and the units derived from monomers other than the conjugated diene. Although it may vary depending on the content and the like, it is preferably ⁇ 100 to 10 ° C., more preferably ⁇ 100 to 0 ° C., and further preferably ⁇ 100 to ⁇ 5 ° C.
• Tg is in the above range, for example, the rolling resistance performance of a tire made of a crosslinked product obtained from the rubber composition is improved. Moreover, it can suppress that a viscosity becomes high and can handle it easily.
• the vinyl content of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) is preferably 99% by mass or less, and more preferably 90% by mass or less.
• denatured liquid diene type rubber (B) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
• the liquid diene rubber (B) is preferably such that the amount of catalyst residue derived from the polymerization catalyst used for its production is in the range of 0 to 200 ppm in terms of metal.
• the metal serving as a reference for the amount of catalyst residue is an alkali metal such as lithium.
• the amount of the catalyst residue derived from the polymerization catalyst used for the production of the liquid diene rubber (B) is more preferably 0 to 150 ppm, still more preferably 0 to 100 ppm in terms of metal.
• the amount of catalyst residue can be measured by using, for example, a polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
• Examples of a method of setting the amount of catalyst residue of the liquid diene rubber to such a specific amount include a method of purifying the liquid diene rubber (B) after polymerization and sufficiently removing the catalyst residue.
• a purification method washing with water or warm water, an organic solvent typified by methanol, acetone or the like or supercritical fluid carbon dioxide is preferable.
• the number of washings is preferably 1 to 20 times and more preferably 1 to 10 times from the economical viewpoint.
• the washing temperature is preferably 20 to 100 ° C., more preferably 40 to 90 ° C.
• the amount of polymerization catalyst required can be reduced, The amount of catalyst residue can be reduced.
• the content of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A) is 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, 1 to 10 parts by mass is more preferable, and 2 to 10 parts by mass is still more preferable.
• the processability of the rubber composition the mechanical strength such as the tensile breaking strength of the crosslinked product of the rubber composition, the wear resistance, and the composition Steering stability of the tires used, ice grip performance, rolling resistance performance, etc. are good.
• filler (C) for example, carbon black, silica, clay, mica, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, titanium oxide, glass fiber, fibrous filler, examples thereof include inorganic fillers such as glass balloons; organic fillers such as resin particles, wood powder, and cork powder.
• inorganic fillers such as glass balloons
• organic fillers such as resin particles, wood powder, and cork powder.
• carbon black and silica are preferable from the viewpoint of improving physical properties such as improvement of mechanical strength.
• the carbon black include furnace black, channel black, thermal black, acetylene black, and ketjen black. Of these carbon blacks, furnace black is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the crosslinking speed and mechanical strength. These carbon blacks may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the average particle size of the carbon black is preferably 5 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 80 nm, and further preferably 5 to 70 nm from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility, mechanical strength, hardness, and the like.
• Examples of commercially available products of the furnace black include Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation “Diamond Black” and Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd. “Seast”.
• Examples of commercially available acetylene black include “DENKA BLACK” manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.
• Examples of commercially available ketjen black include “ECP600JD” manufactured by Lion Corporation.
• the above carbon black is subjected to acid treatment with nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or a mixed acid thereof, or surface oxidation treatment by heat treatment in the presence of air. May be performed.
• heat treatment may be performed at 2,000 to 3,000 ° C. in the presence of a graphitization catalyst.
• boron As the graphitization catalyst, boron, boron oxide (e.g., B 2 O 2, B 2 O 3, B 4 O 3, B 4 O 5 , etc.), boron oxo acids (e.g., orthoboric acid, metaboric acid, Tetraboric acid etc.) and salts thereof, boron carbide (eg B 4 C, B 6 C etc.), boron nitride (BN), and other boron compounds are preferably used.
• boron carbide eg B 4 C, B 6 C etc.
• BN boron nitride
• the carbon black can be used after adjusting the particle size by pulverization or the like.
• high-speed rotary pulverizer hammer mill, pin mill, cage mill
• various ball mills rolling mill, vibration mill, planetary mill
• stirring mill be used for carbon black pulverization.
• the average particle size of carbon black can be determined by measuring the particle diameter with a transmission electron microscope and calculating the average value.
• the silica include wet silica (hydrous silicic acid), dry silica (anhydrous silicic acid), calcium silicate, and aluminum silicate.
• wet silica is preferable from the viewpoint of further improving processability, mechanical strength, and wear resistance.
• These silicas may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the average particle diameter of silica is preferably 0.5 to 200 nm, more preferably 5 to 150 nm, and further preferably 10 to 100 nm from the viewpoint of improving processability, rolling resistance performance, mechanical strength, and wear resistance.
• the average particle diameter of silica can be determined by measuring the diameter of the particles with a transmission electron microscope and calculating the average value.
• silica is more preferable from the viewpoint of improving the rolling resistance performance of the resulting rubber composition and its crosslinked product.
• the content of the filler (C) with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A) is 20 to 150 parts by mass, preferably 25 to 130 parts by mass, and more preferably 25 to 110 parts by mass.
• the content of the filler (C) is within the above range, workability, rolling resistance performance, mechanical strength and wear resistance are improved.
• the content thereof is preferably 20 to 120 parts by mass, and 20 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A). Is more preferable, and 20 to 80 parts by mass is still more preferable.
• These fillers (C) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the rubber composition of the present invention may further contain a crosslinking agent (D) in order to crosslink the rubber.
• a crosslinking agent (D) include sulfur, sulfur compounds, oxygen, organic peroxides, phenol resins, amino resins, quinone and quinone dioxime derivatives, halogen compounds, aldehyde compounds, alcohol compounds, epoxy compounds, metal halides. And organometallic halides and silane compounds.
• the sulfur compound include morpholine disulfide and alkylphenol disulfide.
• organic peroxide examples include cyclohexanone peroxide, methyl acetoacetate peroxide, tert-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, ditert. -Butyl peroxide, 1,3-bis (tert-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene and the like.
• These crosslinking agents (D) may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
• the crosslinking agent (D) is usually 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A) from the viewpoint of mechanical properties of the crosslinked product. 0.8 to 5 parts by mass is contained.
• the rubber composition of the present invention further contains a vulcanization accelerator (E) when sulfur, a sulfur compound, etc. are contained as a crosslinking agent (D) for crosslinking (vulcanizing) rubber, for example.
• a vulcanization accelerator (E) examples include guanidine compounds, sulfenamide compounds, thiazole compounds, thiuram compounds, thiourea compounds, dithiocarbamic acid compounds, aldehyde-amine compounds, aldehyde-ammonia compounds. Imidazoline compounds, xanthate compounds, and the like.
• These vulcanization accelerators (E) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the vulcanization accelerator (E) is usually contained in an amount of 0.1 to 15 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A).
• the rubber composition of the present invention contains sulfur, a sulfur compound, etc. as a crosslinking agent (D) for crosslinking (vulcanizing) rubber, for example, it further contains a vulcanization aid (F).
• a vulcanization aid (F) include fatty acids such as stearic acid, metal oxides such as zinc white, and fatty acid metal salts such as zinc stearate. These vulcanization aids (F) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the vulcanization aid (F) is usually contained in an amount of 0.1 to 15 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the solid rubber (A).
• silica when silica is contained as the filler (C), it is a preferable embodiment that a silane coupling agent is contained.
• the silane coupling agent include sulfide compounds, mercapto compounds, vinyl compounds, amino compounds, glycidoxy compounds, nitro compounds, chloro compounds, and the like.
• sulfide compounds include bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, bis (2-triethoxysilylethyl) tetrasulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, and bis (2-trimethoxy).
• Silylethyl) tetrasulfide bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) trisulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis (3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) Disulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropyl-N, N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 2-trimethoxysilylethyl-N N-dimethylthiocarbamoyl tetrasulfide, 3-trimethoxysilylpropylbenzothiazole tetrasulfide, 3-triethoxysilylpropylbenzothiazole tetrasulfide, 3-trieth
• Examples of the mercapto compound include 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, 2-mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane, and 2-mercaptoethyltriethoxysilane.
• Examples of vinyl compounds include vinyl triethoxysilane and vinyl trimethoxysilane.
• Examples of amino compounds include 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and 3- (2-aminoethyl) aminopropyltrimethyl. And methoxysilane.
• glycidoxy compounds include ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane. Is mentioned.
• Examples of the nitro compound include 3-nitropropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-nitropropyltriethoxysilane.
• Examples of the chloro compound include 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane, 2-chloroethyltrimethoxysilane, and 2-chloroethyltriethoxysilane.
• silane coupling agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• silane coupling agents bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide, and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane are used from the viewpoint of high addition effect and cost. Is preferred.
• the silane coupling agent is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, and further preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of silica.
• content of the silane coupling agent is within the above range, dispersibility, coupling effect, reinforcing property, and wear resistance are improved.
• the rubber composition of the present invention is intended to improve processability, fluidity and the like within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention, and if necessary, silicone oil, aroma oil, TDAE (Treated Distilled Aromatic Extracts), MES ( Mild Extracted Solvates), RAE (Residual Aromatic Extracts), paraffin oil, naphthenic oil and other process oils, aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, alicyclic hydrocarbon resins, C9 resins, rosin resins, coumarone / indene resins, phenols
• a resin component such as a resin may be contained as a softening agent.
• the content is preferably less than 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid rubber (A).
• the rubber composition of the present invention is an anti-aging agent, a wax, an antioxidant, a lubricant, if necessary for the purpose of improving weather resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance, etc., as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
• Light stabilizers, scorch inhibitors, processing aids, colorants such as pigments and dyes, flame retardants, antistatic agents, matting agents, antiblocking agents, UV absorbers, mold release agents, foaming agents, antibacterial agents You may contain additives, such as a mold agent and a fragrance
• the antioxidant include hindered phenol compounds, phosphorus compounds, lactone compounds, hydroxyl compounds, and the like.
• the antiaging agent include amine-ketone compounds, imidazole compounds, amine compounds, phenol compounds, sulfur compounds, and phosphorus compounds. These additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
• the manufacturing method of the rubber composition of this invention will not be specifically limited if said each component can be mixed uniformly.
• a tangential or meshing type closed kneader such as a kneader ruder, a brabender, a banbury mixer, an internal mixer, a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder, a mixing roll, etc. , And rollers.
• the rubber composition can be produced usually in the temperature range of 70 to 270 ° C.
• a crosslinked product can be obtained by crosslinking the rubber composition of the present invention.
• the crosslinking conditions of the rubber composition can be appropriately set according to the use and the like. For example, when sulfur or a sulfur compound is used as a crosslinking agent and the rubber composition is crosslinked (vulcanized) with a mold, the crosslinking temperature is usually 120 to 200 ° C., and the pressure condition is usually 0.5 to 2.0 MPa. Can be crosslinked (vulcanized).
• the extraction rate of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) from the crosslinked product is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and still more preferably 10% by mass or less.
• the extraction rate can be calculated from the amount of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) that is obtained by immersing 2 g of the crosslinked product in 400 ml of toluene and extracting it in toluene after 48 hours at 23 ° C.
• the rubber composition of the present invention and the crosslinked product of the rubber composition can also be used as at least a part of a tire.
• the tire thus obtained has good mechanical strength such as tensile rupture strength and wear resistance, and also has excellent steering stability, ice grip performance, and rolling resistance performance. Furthermore, since the tire using at least a part of the rubber composition of the present invention has low migration properties such as the modified liquid diene rubber (B), the characteristics such as the mechanical strength are maintained even when used for a long time. be able to.
• Production Example 1 Production of modified liquid polybutadiene (B-1) A well-dried 5 L autoclave was purged with nitrogen, charged with 1140 g of hexane and 20.9 g of n-butyllithium (17% by mass hexane solution) and heated to 50 ° C. Then, 1390 g of butadiene was successively added and polymerized for 1 hour while controlling the polymerization temperature to be 50 ° C. under stirring conditions. Thereafter, methanol was added to stop the polymerization reaction to obtain a polymer solution. Water was added to the resulting polymer solution and stirred, and the polymer solution was washed with water.
• Production Example 2 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-2) 300 g of unmodified liquid polybutadiene (B′-1) obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 1 was placed in a 1 liter autoclave subjected to nitrogen substitution. Then, 30 g of maleic anhydride and 0.3 g of Nocrack 6C were added and reacted at 170 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain maleic anhydride-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-2).
• Production Example 3 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-3) A fully dried 5 L autoclave was purged with nitrogen, charged with 1920 g of hexane and 5.6 g of n-butyllithium (17% by mass hexane solution), and heated to 50 ° C. Thereafter, 670 g of butadiene was successively added and polymerized for 1 hour while controlling the polymerization temperature to be 50 ° C. under stirring conditions. Thereafter, methanol was added to stop the polymerization reaction to obtain a polymer solution. Water was added to the resulting polymer solution and stirred, and the polymer solution was washed with water.
• B-3 Modified Liquid Polybutadiene
• Production Example 4 Production of modified liquid polybutadiene (B-4) A well-dried 5 L autoclave was purged with nitrogen, charged with 1260 g of hexane and 36.3 g of n-butyllithium (17% by mass hexane solution), and heated to 50 ° C. Then, 1260 g of butadiene was successively added and polymerized for 1 hour while controlling the polymerization temperature to be 50 ° C. under stirring conditions. Thereafter, methanol was added to stop the polymerization reaction to obtain a polymer solution. Water was added to the resulting polymer solution and stirred, and the polymer solution was washed with water.
• Production Example 6 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-6) 300 g of unmodified liquid polybutadiene (B′-3) obtained in the same procedure as in Production Example 4 was placed in a 1 liter autoclave subjected to nitrogen substitution. Then, 15 g of maleic anhydride and 0.3 g of Nocrack 6C were added and reacted at 170 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain maleic anhydride-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-6).
• Production Example 7 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-7) 300 g of unmodified liquid polybutadiene (B′-3) obtained in the same procedure as in Production Example 4 was placed in a 1 liter autoclave subjected to nitrogen substitution. Then, 60 g of maleic anhydride and 0.3 g of Nocrack 6C were added and reacted at 170 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain maleic anhydride-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-7).
• Production Example 8 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-8) 300 g of unmodified liquid polybutadiene (B′-1) obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 1 was placed in a 1 liter autoclave subjected to nitrogen substitution. Then, 90 g of maleic anhydride and 0.3 g of Nocrack 6C were added and reacted at 170 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain maleic anhydride-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-8).
• Production Example 9 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-9) 300 g of unmodified liquid polybutadiene (B′-1) obtained in the same procedure as in Production Example 1 was placed in a 1 liter autoclave subjected to nitrogen substitution. Then, 4.5 g of maleic anhydride and 0.3 g of Nocrack 6C were added and reacted at 170 ° C. for 24 hours to obtain maleic anhydride-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-9).
• Production Example 10 Production of modified liquid polyisoprene (B-10) A well-dried 5 L autoclave was purged with nitrogen, charged with 1200 g of hexane and 26.2 g of n-butyllithium (17% by mass hexane solution) and heated to 50 ° C. After warming up, 1200 g of isoprene was successively added and polymerized for 1 hour while controlling the polymerization temperature to be 50 ° C. under stirring conditions. Thereafter, methanol was added to stop the polymerization reaction to obtain a polymer solution. Water was added to the resulting polymer solution and stirred, and the polymer solution was washed with water.
• Production Example 11 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-11) 5.4 g of methanol was added to 315 g of the modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 1, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-11) was obtained.
• Production Example 12 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-12) 10.8 g of methanol was added to 330 g of modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 2, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-12) was obtained.
• Production Example 13 Production of modified liquid polybutadiene (B-13) 10.8 g of methanol was added to 330 g of modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 3, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-13) was obtained.
• Production Example 14 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-14) 10.8 g of methanol was added to 330 g of the modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 4, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-14) was obtained.
• Production Example 15 Production of Modified Liquid Butadiene-Isoprene Copolymer (B-15) 5.4 g of methanol was added to 315 g of the modified liquid butadiene-isoprene copolymer obtained in the same procedure as in Production Example 5, and the mixture was heated to 80 ° C. For 6 hours to obtain a maleic acid monomethyl ester-modified liquid butadiene-isoprene copolymer (B-15).
• Production Example 16 Production of modified liquid polybutadiene (B-16) 5.4 g of methanol was added to 315 g of modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 9, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-16) was obtained.
• Production Example 17 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-17) 21.6 g of methanol was added to 330 g of the modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 4, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-17) was obtained.
• Production Example 18 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-18) 32.4 g of methanol was added to 330 g of the modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 2, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-18) was obtained.
• Production Example 19 Production of Modified Liquid Polybutadiene (B-19) 1.8 g of methanol was added to 305 g of the modified liquid polybutadiene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 6, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours to obtain monomethyl maleate. An ester-modified liquid polybutadiene (B-19) was obtained.
• Production Example 20 Production of modified liquid polyisoprene (B-20) 5.4 g of methanol was added to 315 g of modified liquid polyisoprene obtained by the same procedure as in Production Example 10, and reacted at 80 ° C. for 6 hours. Acid monomethyl ester-modified liquid polyisoprene (B-20) was obtained.
• the measuring method and calculating method of each physical property of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) and the like are as follows.
• Mw, Mn, and Mw / Mn of the liquid diene rubber (B) were determined by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) in terms of standard polystyrene equivalent molecular weight.
• GPC gel permeation chromatography
• GPC device GPC device “GPC8020” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation Separation column: “TSKgel G4000HXL” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation ⁇ Detector: “RI-8020” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation ⁇ Eluent: Tetrahydrofuran ⁇ Eluent flow rate: 1.0 ml / min ⁇ Sample concentration: 5 mg / 10 ml -Column temperature: 40 ° C
• melt viscosity The melt viscosity at 38 ° C. of the modified liquid diene rubber (B) was measured with a Brookfield viscometer (manufactured by BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABS. INC.). In addition, the case where the viscosity was too high to be measured was regarded as “impossible to measure”.
• Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 According to the blending ratio (parts by mass) described in Table 2, solid rubber (A), modified liquid diene rubber (B), filler (C), TDAE, silane coupling agent, vulcanization aid (F), wax
• the anti-aging agent and the anti-aging agent were respectively put into a closed Banbury mixer, kneaded for 6 minutes so that the starting temperature was 60 ° C. and the resin temperature was 160 ° C., and then taken out of the mixer and cooled to room temperature. Next, this mixture was put into a Banbury mixer again, a crosslinking agent (D) and a vulcanization accelerator (E) were added, and kneaded at 100 ° C. for 75 seconds to obtain a rubber composition.
• D crosslinking agent
• E a vulcanization accelerator
• the obtained rubber composition was press-molded (160 ° C., 30 to 45 minutes) to produce a crosslinked product (vulcanized rubber) sheet (thickness 2 mm).
• Performance, steering stability, rolling resistance performance, and ice grip performance were evaluated.
• the results are shown in Table 2.
• the measuring method of each evaluation is as follows.
• Steering stability A test piece having a length of 40 mm ⁇ width of 7 mm was cut out from the cross-linked sheets prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples, and measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device manufactured by GABO at a measurement temperature of 60 ° C., a frequency of 10 Hz,
• the numerical value of each Example and Comparative Example is a relative value when the value of Comparative Example 3 is 100.
• the steering stability of a rubber composition is so favorable that a numerical value is large.
• Ice grip performance A test piece of 40 mm length x 7 mm width was cut out from the cross-linked sheets prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples, and measured using a dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device manufactured by GABO at a measurement temperature of -20 ° C and a frequency of 10 Hz.
• the numerical value of each Example and Comparative Example is a relative value when the value of Comparative Example 3 is 100. In addition, the smaller the numerical value, the better the ice grip performance of the rubber composition.
• the rubber compositions of Examples 1 to 8 that satisfy the constitutional requirements of the present invention have a tensile strength at break and resistance to rubber composition of Comparative Example 3 that does not contain the specific modified liquid diene rubber (B). It can be seen that a crosslinked product excellent in all of wearability, steering stability, rolling resistance performance and ice grip performance can be obtained.
• the rubber compositions of Examples 1 to 8 that satisfy the constituent requirements of the present invention are Comparative Example 1 using a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a small average number of functional groups per molecule, and a modified compound having no butadiene unit. It can be seen that a cross-linked product having excellent tensile breaking strength, wear resistance, steering stability, rolling resistance performance and ice grip performance can be obtained as compared with Comparative Example 2 using the liquid diene rubber (B).
• Examples 9 to 16 and Comparative Examples 4 to 6 According to the blending ratio (parts by mass) described in Table 3, solid rubber (A), modified liquid diene rubber (B), filler (C), TDAE, silane coupling agent, vulcanization aid (F), wax
• the anti-aging agent and the anti-aging agent were respectively put into a closed Banbury mixer, kneaded for 6 minutes so that the starting temperature was 60 ° C. and the resin temperature was 160 ° C., and then taken out of the mixer and cooled to room temperature. Next, this mixture was put into a Banbury mixer again, a crosslinking agent (D) and a vulcanization accelerator (E) were added, and kneaded at 100 ° C. for 75 seconds to obtain a rubber composition.
• D crosslinking agent
• E a vulcanization accelerator
• the obtained rubber composition was press-molded (160 ° C., 30 to 45 minutes) to produce a crosslinked product (vulcanized rubber) sheet (thickness 2 mm).
• the measurement method for each evaluation is the same as in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
• the values of tensile strength at break, wear resistance, steering stability, rolling resistance performance and ice grip performance are relative values when Comparative Example 6 is set to 100, respectively.
• the results are shown in Table 3.
• the rubber compositions of Examples 9 to 16 that satisfy the constituent requirements of the present invention have a tensile strength at break and resistance to rubber of Comparative Example 6 that does not contain the specific modified liquid diene rubber (B). It can be seen that a crosslinked product excellent in all of wearability, steering stability, rolling resistance performance and ice grip performance can be obtained.
• the rubber compositions of Examples 9 to 16 that satisfy the constituent requirements of the present invention are Comparative Example 4 using a modified liquid diene rubber (B) having a small average number of functional groups per molecule, and a modified compound having no butadiene unit. It can be seen that a cross-linked product having excellent tensile breaking strength, wear resistance, steering stability, rolling resistance performance and ice grip performance can be obtained as compared with Comparative Example 5 using the liquid diene rubber (B).
• the rubber composition of the present invention is not only excellent in processability and filler dispersibility, but also gives a cross-linked product excellent in mechanical strength, wear resistance, etc. when a cross-linkable rubber composition is added by adding a cross-linking agent. Therefore, it can be suitably used for industrial use such as tire use, industrial belt, industrial rubber hose and the like. In particular, when a cross-linked product is used for a tire application or the like, it is useful because not only the rolling resistance performance is improved but also the steering stability and the ice grip performance are compatible.

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