WO2015131792A1 - 一种建筑结构及其施工方法 - Google Patents

一种建筑结构及其施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015131792A1
WO2015131792A1 PCT/CN2015/073538 CN2015073538W WO2015131792A1 WO 2015131792 A1 WO2015131792 A1 WO 2015131792A1 CN 2015073538 W CN2015073538 W CN 2015073538W WO 2015131792 A1 WO2015131792 A1 WO 2015131792A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
keel
column
floor
slab
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2015/073538
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨东佐
Original Assignee
东莞市石西智能机器制造有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 东莞市石西智能机器制造有限公司 filed Critical 东莞市石西智能机器制造有限公司
Priority to CN201580000258.4A priority Critical patent/CN105143570B/zh
Priority to US15/564,066 priority patent/US10837166B2/en
Publication of WO2015131792A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015131792A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/10Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with metal beams or girders, e.g. with steel lattice girders
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/14Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or girders laid in two directions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E04B5/40Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element with metal form-slabs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/32Columns; Pillars; Struts of metal
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2415Brackets, gussets, joining plates
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2466Details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2472Elongated load-supporting part formed from a number of parallel profiles
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B2001/2484Details of floor panels or slabs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B2005/322Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with permanent forms for the floor edges

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building structure such as a bridge, a pedestrian bridge, a house and the like, and a construction method thereof, in particular to a building structure and a construction method thereof.
  • the existing building frame structure mainly includes columns, beams and floors.
  • the column has a steel structure and a steel structure.
  • the reinforced concrete structure of the column is formed by first tying the steel bar, then installing the formwork, then pouring the concrete into the formwork, and finally removing the formwork to form the reinforced concrete column after the concrete is solidified.
  • the beam and floor slabs are formed by first tying the steel bars, then installing the formwork, then pouring the concrete into the formwork, and finally removing the formwork to form the reinforced concrete beams and the slab after the concrete has solidified.
  • the above-mentioned method for forming the reinforced concrete structure column, beam and floor slab requires laying steel bars, installing and disassembling the formwork on the construction site, and therefore, the construction speed is slow, the efficiency is low, and the labor intensity is large. Scaffolding and support frames are required for on-site installation and disassembly of the formwork, and the labor is particularly strong when installing the formwork.
  • the rigidity of the steel bar is not easy to deform, the structure of the steel bar is poor in precision and the stability is not good, and the precision cannot be controlled like the mechanical parts. Therefore, the steel structure of the column, the floor and the beam cannot be processed at the factory in the factory. It is not possible to fix the formwork of the formed beam and the floor in advance with the steel bar in the factory.
  • the form of a large number of square wood plus steel pipe support or gantry support is generally used under the wooden formwork, and there is also a support system that can be combined with the telescopic steel beam by adjusting support and the like. It is: in the original construction process, a large number of saw support frames, nails and wooden formwork are used, and good quality wood formwork can only be used repeatedly for about 6-7 times; due to repeated nailing and dismantling, the wooden formwork is easily damaged. The depreciated wooden formwork and support are not worth the money. It is a pity to lose time. When it is used again, it takes time and artificial sawing off the damaged part.
  • a modular assembly type building template device in which a plurality of polygonal large tubes are fixedly connected to form a square or rectangular frame, and a plurality of polygonal small tubes are fixedly connected to each other.
  • the well-shaped skeleton has four sides fixed on the inner side of the frame; the wooden template is fixedly mounted on the skeleton; the plurality of first connecting holes are evenly arranged on the polygonal large tube of the frame, and each frame and each frame pass through multiple The first connecting holes are movably connected to each other to form a slab, a beam, a column and the like of the building; the four corners on the frame are provided with a plurality of second connecting holes, and the frame passes through the plurality of second connecting holes and the adjustable supporting tube
  • the device is connected in a movable manner; the polygonal large pipe on the frame is movably connected with the retractable beam formwork device; the utility model knot only processes the formwork structure into a unit module in the factory, and the beam, the floor plate or the steel structure in the field is required to be constructed on site.
  • the formwork device also needs scaffolding and support frame during the construction process, so the on-site construction still has a long construction period and strong labor. Big.
  • an unsupported self-supporting cast-in-place concrete structure which has a steel truss _ concrete composite beam including a steel truss, a steel bottom mold, a side mold and a pull reinforcement, and both sides of the steel truss A set of pull bars are respectively welded on the lower chord, and a steel bottom mold is welded on the two sets of pull bars, and the side molds are fixed to the steel bottom mold.
  • the invention only the entire load of the beam is finally transmitted to the frame column, and the template of the beam can be installed on the site, but in the construction stage, the floor formwork needs to be installed at the construction site, and the scaffolding is required when installing the floor formwork, and the floor formwork is required. Supporting frame support is also required, and the floor slab reinforcement needs to be installed at the construction site. Therefore, the invention only reduces the number of support frames, reduces the amount of on-site construction, and the construction period is still long, and the construction labor intensity is still high.
  • a laminated slab for steel structure construction is disclosed, which is composed of a concrete prefabricated floor, a middle keel and a cast-in-place concrete top layer, concrete
  • the prefabricated bottom plate is composed of a hot-dip galvanized steel wire mesh, a transverse slotted steel strip, a side plate and a cast concrete layer; the longitudinal spacing of the middle keel is fixedly connected with the transverse slotted steel strip of the concrete prefabricated bottom plate, and the middle keel is completely embedded in the cast-in-place concrete layer.
  • the invention patent uses a concrete prefabricated floor plate instead of a formwork, there is no need for on-site support, but the intermediate keel needs to be fixed with the concrete prefabricated bottom plate after the concrete prefabricated bottom plate is formed, and the two ends of the middle keel are flush with the concrete precast base plate and the cast-in-place concrete top layer.
  • Flat, overlapping slab and beam unit installation is not convenient.
  • the invention discloses only laminated slabs, and no beam unit is disclosed.
  • a new steel slab floor structure including a main steel plate of a column and a beam, a plurality of brackets, a connector, and several anti-scratch members. a steel strip and a mesh sheet, wherein the side wall of the main steel beam of the beam is provided with a plurality of stiffening connectors; the bracket is horizontally arranged across the main steel bone of the beam, and the bracket is composed of a straight strip and a fixed strip.
  • the connector connects the main steel plate of the bracket and the beam, the anti-scratch member passes through the brackets, and the two ends of the beam are respectively connected with the stiffening connectors of the main steel plates of the beam; the floor steel bars are arranged through the brackets; On the surface of the aforementioned constituent structure.
  • the structural steel skeleton main body is built with steel as the main steel, and a number of temporary suspension members J are temporarily set at the side end of one of the beams, and secondly, the horizontal brackets are used, and the two ends are respectively connected with the connector, and then suspended.
  • the anti-scratch member is passed through a bracket arranged on the suspension member J, and the assembly end corresponds to the stiffening connector on the side surface of the main steel plate.
  • the components of the first steel slab structure need to be completed at the construction site, and there is no slab unit, beam keel unit, column unit in the factory, and the workload on the construction site is still very large.
  • the second position is difficult to align, that is, it is difficult to ensure the vertical horizontal plane of the column by locking the screw, and it is unrealistic to fix the components completely by screws or riveting;
  • the third is to form a force point at the position of the locking screw to form Shear force is difficult to ensure safety.
  • vibration is required when pouring concrete. There will be a lot of cement slurry flowing out of the grid, especially self-leveling concrete slab. The above disadvantages are more obvious.
  • the structure of the slab unit and the beam unit is such that when a part of the cement slurry in the concrete falls out of the grid, the proportion of sand, stone and cement slurry inside the concrete is destroyed, which affects the building quality.
  • the first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a column frame unit, a beam unit and a floor unit that do not need a support frame during the construction process, thereby greatly reducing the labor cost of the construction site. Construction strength, building structure and construction method that greatly shorten the construction period.
  • the second technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a column frame unit, a beam unit, a floor unit, a floor formwork and a slab form which do not need to be supported during the construction process, and need not be disassembled,
  • the manpower cost and construction intensity of the construction site are greatly reduced, and the construction structure and construction method of the construction period are greatly shortened.
  • a building structure comprising a column unit, a beam unit including a main beam unit, and a floor unit; the floor unit comprises a mesh floor frame unit and a floor formwork; the floor frame unit comprises a load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel and a fixed longitudinal steel large keel.
  • the transverse steel keel of the array, the floor slab template and the slab skeleton unit are fixed, the top surface of the slab formwork and the bottom surface of the longitudinal steel keel are provided with a gap;
  • the beam unit comprises a beam skeleton unit, a beam template fixed with the beam skeleton unit, and the beam skeleton unit comprises The heavy-duty steel beam large keel, the top surface of the beam template and the bottom surface of the beam large keel are provided with a gap;
  • the column unit comprises a column skeleton unit, the column skeleton unit comprises a column keel unit, and the beam fixed on the column keel unit for supporting the main beam unit Supporting feet of the skeleton unit;
  • a hanging member is arranged on the end faces of the two ends of the longitudinal steel large keel, the hanging member is inverted L-shaped or inverted L-shaped;
  • the floor unit, the beam unit and the column skeleton unit are pre-assembled module structures; The two ends
  • the two suspension members fixed on the same longitudinal steel large keel are opposite to each other by the beam skeleton unit; the combined column unit, the beam template and the floor template are spliced together to form an open cavity, in the cavity
  • the concrete is poured; the beam skeleton unit and the floor skeleton unit are embedded in the concrete, the beam skeleton unit, the floor skeleton unit and the concrete form a floor and a beam.
  • the building structure is a slab-column structure
  • the beam framing unit of the side main beam unit comprises a side main beam unit
  • the side beam skeletal unit comprises two or more arrays of the beam large keel, and also includes an array, a profiled steel beam small keel placed under the large keel of the beam and perpendicular to the large keel of the beam, and having a small cross section
  • the side main beam unit further comprises an end plate, and the end plate is fixed on the large keel of the beam
  • the beam template of the side beam unit includes a bottom plate parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer plate of the vertical bottom plate.
  • the bottom plate and the outer plate form an L shape, and the top surface of the bottom plate is fitted with the bottom surface of the beam small keel, and the top surface of the outer plate is raised.
  • the top surface of the beam skeleton unit, the bottom plate and the floor template are flush and attached together.
  • the main beam unit further includes an intermediate main beam unit;
  • the intermediate main beam unit includes two or more arrays of the beam large keel, and further includes an array disposed under the large keel of the beam, and the The beam of the large keel is vertical and fixed, and the small cross section of the steel beam small keel;
  • the middle main beam unit further comprises an end plate, the end plate is fixed at the two ends of the beam keel; the top surface of the beam template of the middle main beam unit The bottom surface of the small keel of the beam is flush with the floor slab and fits together.
  • the building structure is a slab beam structure;
  • the main beam unit comprises a side main beam unit;
  • the beam main unit of the side main beam unit comprises two or more arrays of the beam large keel, and also includes an array, a profiled steel beam small keel placed under the large keel of the beam and perpendicular to the large keel of the beam, and having a small cross section;
  • the main beam unit further comprises an end plate, and the end plate is fixed on the large keel of the beam
  • the beam template of the side main beam unit includes a bottom plate parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer side plate and an inner side plate of the vertical bottom plate.
  • the top surface of the bottom plate is fitted to the bottom surface of the beam small keel, and the top surface of the outer side plate is higher than the beam frame.
  • the top surface of the unit, the top surface of the inner side panel is flush with the top surface of the floor slab, and the inner side panel is affixed to the slab formwork.
  • the intermediate main beam unit includes two or more arrays of the beam large keel, and further includes an array, disposed under the large keel of the beam, perpendicular to the large keel of the beam, and fixed and small horizontally.
  • the cross beam template of the middle main beam unit comprises a bottom plate parallel to the horizontal plane and two side plates of the vertical bottom plate, The top surface of the bottom plate is fitted to the bottom surface of the beam small keel, the top surface of the side plate is flush with the top surface of the floor stencil, and the side plate and the slab formwork are attached together.
  • the floor unit also includes a floor slab, the floor slab is a metal formwork to be disassembled; the floor slab is placed between the slab skeleton unit and the floor slab; and the slab decorative board and the floor slab are provided a beam avoiding portion that cooperates with the supporting foot, the beam skeleton unit of the main beam unit is supported on the supporting foot; the floor decorative plate and the floor plate template are fixed on the corresponding floor frame unit from below by fasteners; the floor decorative plate faces upward There is an inverted buckle on the surface, and the inverted buckle is embedded in the concrete.
  • the transverse steel keel comprises an upper transverse steel keel fixed on the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel and a lower transverse steel keel fixed on the bottom surface of the longitudinal steel large keel;
  • the suspension comprises two fixed longitudinal steel large keels;
  • the angle of the end; the upper transverse steel keel and the lower transverse steel keel are staggered; the end face of the lower transverse steel keel is flush with the corresponding side of the floor slab, and the outer side of the outermost two transverse steel keels is flush with the corresponding side of the slab formwork
  • the slab skeleton unit is supported on the beam skeleton unit by the horizontal portion of the corner code, and the opposite sides of the corners of the same longitudinal steel large keel are resisted by the beam skeleton unit; the bottom surface of the lower transverse steel keel and the floor template Top fit.
  • the suspension member further comprises a transverse steel connecting strip connected to the bottom surface of the horizontal portion of the corner code; the two ends of the upper transverse steel keel protrude from the floor slab, and are connected on the bottom surface of the upper transverse steel keel.
  • the longitudinal steel connecting strip; the longitudinal connecting strip is flush with the bottom surface of the transverse connecting strip; the longitudinal connecting strip and the bottom surface of the transverse connecting strip are supported on the corresponding beam skeleton unit.
  • the floor slab template is detachable, and the floor stencil is fixed to the slab skeleton unit from below by fasteners;
  • the slab form unit includes a slab formwork and a reinforcing strip fixed on the bottom surface of the slab formwork.
  • the beam unit further includes a secondary beam unit;
  • the beam skeleton unit of the secondary beam unit includes two or more arrays of the beam large keel, and further includes an array, placed under the large keel of the beam, and
  • the steel beam secondary beam small keel of the beam large keel is vertical and fixed;
  • the secondary beam unit further comprises an end plate, the end plate is fixed at the two ends of the beam big keel;
  • the support beam portion is provided on the beam skeleton unit or
  • the end face of the suspension member of the beam frame unit of the beam unit is provided with a suspension member, the suspension member is inverted L-shaped or inverted L-shaped;
  • the secondary beam unit is a pre-assembled module structure, and the beam frame unit of the secondary beam unit is supported on the main beam
  • the support member of the beam frame unit of the unit or the suspension member of the beam frame unit of the secondary beam unit is supported on the beam frame unit of the main beam unit;
  • the secondary beam template is splice
  • a through hole for accommodating concrete is provided on the longitudinal steel large keel.
  • a plurality of short-padded tubes with a horizontal axis are fixed on the bottom surface of each longitudinal steel large keel, and the bottom surface of the short-padded tube is fitted to the top surface of the floor stencil.
  • the column unit further comprises a column template, and two or more column templates are arranged at the same height position;
  • the column keel unit comprises two or more arrays of bearing vertical columns and large keels;
  • the column skeleton unit further comprises
  • the short connecting pipe between the large keel of the column, which is used to separate the large keel of the column and fix the large keel of the same column at the same height, is a short connecting pipe in the vertical direction, and is fixed on the two outer sides opposite to the big keel of different columns.
  • the axis is a short-distance pipe in the vertical direction; the support leg is fixed on the large keel of the column; the column template is attached and fixed to the short-strip pipe, the tubular cavity of the pillar structure of the same height is closed, the column template and the column are outside the big keel There is a gap between the opposite sides; the column template avoids the position at the position with the beam unit, and the tubular cavity formed by the column template communicates with the cavity.
  • the support feet are placed in a tubular cavity formed by the post template.
  • a method of constructing a building structure comprising the steps of:
  • the floor unit includes a mesh floor frame unit and a floor formwork, and the suspension piece is fixed at both ends of the longitudinal steel large keel, and the longitudinal steel large keel and the transverse steel keel are fixed together, and the floor slab formwork and the floor slab skeleton unit are fixed together. Fixed to assemble the floor unit into a modular structure at the factory;
  • Assembling the beam unit assembling the beam skeleton unit, fixing the beam template on the beam skeleton unit, thereby assembling the beam unit into a module structure at the factory;
  • Assembling the column skeleton unit fixing the supporting foot on the column keel unit, and the surface of the beam large keel supporting the main beam unit on the supporting foot is perpendicular to the column keel unit, thereby assembling the column skeleton unit into a module structure at the factory;
  • the lifting beam unit is placed on the support leg of the column skeleton unit and fixed, and a cell is formed between the adjacent two beam units;
  • the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the floor unit is supported on the beam skeleton unit by the suspension member, and the opposite sides of the two suspension members fixed on the same longitudinal steel large keel are resisted by the beam skeleton unit;
  • the column skeleton unit, the beam template of the beam unit, and the floor template of the floor unit are spliced together to form a cavity with an opening upward;
  • a method of constructing a building structure comprising the steps of:
  • the column unit of the building structure further comprises a column template, and two or more column templates surrounding the closed tubular cavity are provided at the same height position; the construction method comprises the following steps:
  • the floor unit includes a mesh floor frame unit and a floor formwork, and the suspension piece is fixed at both ends of the longitudinal steel large keel, and the longitudinal steel large keel and the transverse steel keel are fixed together, and the floor slab formwork and the floor slab skeleton unit are fixed together. Fixed to assemble the floor unit into a modular structure at the factory;
  • Assembling the beam unit assembling the beam skeleton unit, fixing the beam template on the beam skeleton unit, thereby assembling the beam unit into a module structure at the factory;
  • Assembling the column skeleton unit fixing the supporting foot on the column keel unit, and the surface of the beam large keel supporting the main beam unit on the supporting foot is perpendicular to the column keel unit, thereby assembling the column skeleton unit into a module structure at the factory;
  • the lifting beam unit is placed on the support leg of the column skeleton unit and fixed, and a cell is formed between the adjacent two beam units;
  • the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the floor unit is supported on the beam skeleton unit only by the suspension member, and the opposite sides of the two suspension members fixed on the same longitudinal steel large keel are resisted by the beam skeleton unit;
  • a method of constructing a building structure comprising the steps of:
  • the floor unit includes a mesh floor frame unit and a floor formwork, and the suspension piece is fixed at both ends of the longitudinal steel large keel, and the longitudinal steel large keel and the transverse steel keel are fixed together, and the floor slab formwork and the floor slab skeleton unit are fixed together. Fixed to assemble the floor unit into a modular structure at the factory;
  • Assembling the beam unit assembling the beam skeleton unit, fixing the beam template on the beam skeleton unit, thereby assembling the beam unit into a module structure at the factory;
  • Assembling the column skeleton unit fixing the supporting foot on the column keel unit, and the surface of the beam large keel supporting the main beam unit on the supporting foot is perpendicular to the column keel unit, thereby assembling the column skeleton unit into a module structure at the factory;
  • the lifting beam unit is placed on the support leg of the column skeleton unit and fixed; after the beam unit is installed, cells are formed between the two adjacent beam units;
  • the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the floor unit is supported on the beam frame unit by the suspension member, and the opposite sides of the two suspension members fixed on the same longitudinal steel large keel are resisted by the beam skeleton unit;
  • the column template, the beam template, and the floor template are spliced together to form a cavity with an opening upward;
  • a building structure comprising a column unit, a beam unit including a beam unit, and a floor unit;
  • the slab unit comprises a semi-precast slab formwork layer of concrete, a slab skeleton unit partially embedded in a semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer; the slab skeleton unit comprises an array of load-bearing longitudinal steel large keels and a transverse steel keel installed under the longitudinal steel large keel, and a transverse steel profile.
  • the steel bars with the keels installed together include the first longitudinal steel bars, or the first transverse steel bars and the first longitudinal steel bars; the steel bars, the transverse steel keels are embedded in the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork layer, the steel bars laterally protrude from the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork, the transverse steel profiles The keel protrudes laterally from the semi-precast slab formwork layer or is completely embedded in the semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer; the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel protrudes only laterally and upwardly from the semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer;
  • the beam unit comprises a semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer of concrete, a beam frame unit partially embedded in the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer; the beam frame unit comprises a heavy-duty steel beam large keel; and the end face of the beam large keel end protrudes from the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer;
  • the column unit comprises a column skeleton unit, the column skeleton unit comprises a column keel unit, and a support leg fixed on the column keel unit for supporting the beam frame unit of the main beam unit;
  • the slab unit, the beam unit and the column skeleton unit are all pre-assembled module structures; the two ends of the beam unit are supported on two opposite supporting legs of the adjacent two column units and fixed to the two supporting legs;
  • the floor unit is supported on the large keel of the beam by the longitudinal steel large keel; the longitudinal steel large keel and the steel bar protruding laterally from the semi-prefabricated floor slab layer are located above the beam unit;
  • the combined column unit, semi-prefabricated floor formwork layer and semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer are spliced together to form an open cavity, the concrete is poured in the cavity, the floor frame unit and the beam frame unit are completely embedded in the concrete, the beam unit,
  • the slab unit is integrated with concrete and slabs and beams.
  • the slab skeleton unit is made of steel keel and steel bar, the longitudinal steel keel and steel bars protruding laterally from the semi-prefabricated floor slab form layer are located above the beam unit, so the rigidity is good, the strength is high, the deformation is not easy, the bearing capacity is strong, and the crack resistance is The seismic performance is greatly improved.
  • the module unit or designed as a standard part, only needs to hoist each unit to the set position and install it to complete the construction of the main frame and formwork of the building structure at the construction site, and it can ensure the combined column skeleton well.
  • the gap between the beam template of the unit and the beam unit and the slab form of the floor unit conforms to the construction requirements.
  • the invention assembles the column unit, the beam unit and the floor unit separately in the factory to form components similar to mechanical devices, and does not need to weld the support legs of the column skeleton unit on the column keel and the longitudinal steel of the floor frame unit at the construction site.
  • the large keel and the transverse steel keel are welded together, and the slab skeleton unit and the beam skeleton unit are not welded at the construction site, and the slab skeleton unit is directly placed on the beam unit, thereby greatly reducing the labor cost and construction intensity at the construction site.
  • the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork and the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer are integrated with the on-site poured concrete, without the need to dismantle the formwork, greatly improving on-site construction efficiency and reducing the labor intensity of on-site construction, and semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork and The outer surface quality of the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer is good, which greatly reduces the workload of subsequent decoration and reduces the decoration cost.
  • a suspension member is fixed on the outermost longitudinal steel large keel, and the longitudinal steel large keel is supported on the large keel of the beam.
  • the suspension element is used to better support the floor unit on the beam unit.
  • the transverse steel keel protrudes from the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork; the transverse steel keel of the laterally protruding semi-precast slab formwork layer and the first transverse reinforcing bar are placed above the beam unit.
  • the slab skeleton unit structure of this structure is relatively simple.
  • the longitudinal steel large keel is a circular tubular steel
  • the transverse steel keel is a square tubular steel
  • the structural structure further includes a U-shaped connecting member matched with the longitudinal steel large keel, and is provided on the U-shaped connecting member.
  • the first transverse reinforcement is fixed with the first longitudinal reinforcement to form a steel mesh, the first longitudinal reinforcement is supported on the transverse steel keel, and the first transverse reinforcement is placed on the adjacent two transverse steel keels
  • the first longitudinal steel bar is placed between the two longitudinal steel keels; the U-shaped joint is suspended on the longitudinal steel keel, and the transverse steel keel is installed in the U-shaped groove of the U-shaped joint and is welded and longitudinally shaped.
  • the keel and U-shaped connectors are fixed together.
  • the U-shaped connecting piece is used to connect the longitudinal steel large keel and the transverse steel keel for reliable connection.
  • the beam skeleton unit further comprises a reinforcing member, a square tubular sleeve; a beam of each beam unit
  • the large keel is a C-shaped steel with two openings arranged oppositely; the reinforcement is vertically installed in the C-shaped steel, two C-shaped steels pass through the square tubular sleeve, and the square tubular sleeve connects the two C-shaped steels together.
  • the beam skeleton unit further comprises a reinforcing member and a square tubular sleeve;
  • the beam large keel of each beam unit is four L-shaped steels arranged in opposite directions;
  • the reinforcing member is installed between the four L-shaped steels, four The L-shaped steel passes through a square tubular package, and the square tubular package connects the four L-shaped steels together.
  • Two C-shaped steels or four L-shaped steels are connected and fixed together by a square tubular sleeve, and reinforcing members are added to further improve the rigidity, strength and load carrying capacity, crack resistance and shock resistance of the beam skeleton unit.
  • a second transverse reinforcing bar and a second longitudinal reinforcing bar are mounted on the longitudinal steel large keel. Further improve the rigidity, strength and load carrying capacity, crack resistance and seismic performance of the slab skeleton unit.
  • a method of constructing a building structure comprising the steps of:
  • Prefabricated semi-prefabricated floor stencil layer installing floor slab mould, the floor slab mould comprises a cavity with an opening facing upwards, and a hollow part corresponding to the slab skeleton unit is arranged on the side wall of the cavity; the slab skeleton unit is installed on the floor slab mould In the cavity, the slab skeleton unit protrudes laterally from the floor stencil by the escaping portion; the concrete is poured into the cavity of the slab mold to form a semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer, and the slab skeleton unit is partially embedded in the semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer;
  • the prefabricated floor slab formwork is removed to complete the prefabrication of the semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer; the reinforcing bar only protrudes laterally from the semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer, and the transverse steel keel only laterally protrudes from the semi-precast slab formwork layer or is completely embedded in the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork layer.
  • the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel protrudes only laterally and upward
  • the beam mold includes an upwardly facing upwardly facing cavity and more than one lateral cavity communicating with the upwardly concave cavity; the beam skeleton unit is mounted in the beam mold; the first upwardly facing beam die opening upwards The cavity is poured into the bottom wall of the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer, and then the beam die is rotated to make the lateral cavity opening upward, and the lateral cavity of the beam die is poured into the cavity to form the side wall of the semi-preformed beam formwork layer; or the beam die is first rotated The lateral cavity opening is upward, and the concrete is poured into the concave cavity of the beam mold to form a side wall of the semi-prefabricated beam template layer, and then the beam mold is rotated to make the opening of the upward cavity upward and the concrete is poured into the upper cavity to form a semi-prefabricated beam template.
  • the beam skeleton unit is partially embedded in the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer; finally, the beam mold is removed from the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer to complete the prefabrication of the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer; the crossbeam large keel of the beam frame unit protrudes at both ends The end of the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer;
  • the column skeleton unit, the beam unit and the floor unit are completely assembled and fixed together at the factory to form a module structure
  • the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the slab unit is supported on the beam girders by the longitudinal steel large keel; the combined column unit, the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer of the beam unit, and the semi-prefabricated floor slab layer of the slab unit Splicing together to form a cavity with an open opening;
  • the floor slab includes the floor slab and the floor slab.
  • the floor slab and the slab bottom mold are separated first, and then the slab bottom mold and the semi-prefabricated slab template layer are Separate
  • the beam mold includes an L-shaped main mold, a front side mold, a top mold, a left side mold, and a right side mold, the opening facing upward, including the bottom wall and the side wall; and fixing the left side mold to the left side surface of the main mold, Fixing the right mold to the right side of the main mold; installing the beam skeleton unit in the L-shaped opening of the main mold, one end of the beam skeleton unit bone is supported on the left side mold, and the other end is supported on the right side mold;
  • the side mold is fixed on the front side of the bottom wall of the main mold, and the top mold is fixed on the top surface of the side wall of the main mold; after the semi-prefabricated beam form layer is dried, the front side mold, the top mold, the left mold, and the right
  • the side mold is detached from the main mold, and the main mold is separated from the semi-preformed beam template layer.
  • a building structure comprising a column unit, a beam unit, and a floor unit;
  • the slab unit comprises a semi-precast slab formwork layer of concrete, a slab skeleton unit partially embedded in a semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer; the slab skeleton unit comprises an array of load-bearing longitudinal steel large keels and a transverse steel keel installed under the longitudinal steel large keel, and a transverse steel profile.
  • steel bars with keels installed together steel bars include first longitudinal steel bars, or first transverse steel bars and first longitudinal steel bars; steel bars, transverse steel keels embedded in semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork, steel bars laterally protruding semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork, transverse steel
  • the keel protrudes laterally from the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork or is completely embedded in the semi-precast slab formwork layer; the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel protrudes only laterally and upwardly from the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork;
  • the beam unit comprises a beam framing unit and is fixed to the beam framing unit Beam template;
  • the beam skeleton unit comprises a heavy-duty steel beam large keel; the end of the beam large keel end protrudes from the beam template;
  • the column unit comprises a column skeleton unit, and the column skeleton unit comprises a column keel unit, and a support leg fixed on the column keel unit for supporting the beam skeleton unit;
  • the beam of the main beam unit is supported at two ends of the two sides of the adjacent two column units and fixed to the two supporting legs;
  • the longitudinal steel large keel is supported on the beam large keel; the longitudinal steel large keel and the steel bar protruding laterally from the semi-prefabricated floor slab form layer are located above the beam unit;
  • One or more floor units are placed in each cell formed by the beam unit;
  • the combined column unit, semi-prefabricated floor formwork layer and semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer are spliced together to form an open cavity, the concrete is poured in the cavity, the floor frame unit and the beam frame unit are completely embedded in the concrete, the beam unit,
  • the slab unit is integrated with concrete and slabs and beams.
  • the utility model has the beneficial effects that the keel unit of the column skeleton unit, the beam unit and the floor unit adopts a steel keel; the rigidity is high, the strength is high, and the deformation is not easy with respect to the steel mesh, and the gravity and impact force of the concrete when subjected to the template gravity and watering In other cases, it will not be deformed; in particular, the column frame unit, beam unit and floor unit have high length and width dimensions, good stability, and easy control of precision like mechanical parts, so that the column frame unit, beam unit and floor unit can be According to the design requirements, it can be processed in the factory first, or designed as standard parts.
  • the invention assembles the column skeleton unit, the beam unit and the floor unit into a modular unit in the factory, and each module unit forms a mechanical device-like component, in particular, the template is also assembled into the corresponding unit at the factory, without
  • the support legs of the column skeleton unit are welded on the keel of the column and the longitudinal steel keel and the transverse steel keel of the slab skeleton unit are welded together, and the slab skeleton unit and the beam skeleton unit are not welded at the construction site.
  • the slab skeleton unit is directly placed on the beam unit, which greatly reduces the labor cost and construction intensity of the construction site, greatly shortens the construction period and reduces the construction cost; assembles the column skeleton unit, the beam unit and the floor unit separately at the factory, and the efficiency is greatly improved. Improvement, labor intensity is greatly reduced, the labor environment is greatly improved, the quality of each unit can be guaranteed, and mechanized production can be realized.
  • the hanging piece is inverted L-shaped or inverted L-shaped, and the floor unit is directly placed on the cell, and the hanging piece of the floor unit is directly supported on the beam frame unit and the two hanging parts fixed on the same longitudinal steel large keel are opposite each other.
  • the two sides are resisted by the beam skeleton unit, the floor frame unit and the beam unit do not need to be fixed, and the site construction is very convenient; the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel is flush with the top surface of the beam keel or slightly higher than the top surface of the beam keel, so that In the case of ensuring the strength of the building structure, the thickness of the floor slab can fully meet the slab thickness requirement of 10 cm to 12 cm of the existing concrete slab beam structure or the floor slab thickness requirement of 20 cm to 22 cm of the concrete slab column structure. Since the two ends of the beam unit are placed on the opposite support legs of the adjacent two column units and fixed to the two support legs, the installation of the beam unit does not affect the verticality of the column unit and the horizontal plane.
  • the template can be a decorative plate that does not need to be disassembled at one time, forming a decorative panel of the roof, and no need to renovate the roof, which can shorten the decoration period and reduce the decoration cost; the template can also be a reusable metal template, so that the template passes The fasteners are fixed on the longitudinal steel large keel, and the template is disassembled quickly and effortlessly.
  • the template can also be divided into two layers, the upper layer is a thin decorative board that does not need to be disassembled, and the lower layer is a reusable metal template to be disassembled; the decorative board of this structure transmits the force on the decorative board when the concrete is poured
  • the metal formwork so the decorative board can be made very thin, and there is no requirement for the material, that is, it can be used for decoration and cost saving.
  • the present invention overcomes the inertial thinking that the prior art must install the template on the spot, but designs the column skeleton unit, the beam unit, and the floor unit into mechanical parts, and does not require a support frame at all, especially When the formwork does not need to be dismantled as part of the building structure, the construction of the building structure can be completed without scaffolding.
  • the structural structure of the slab-column structure, the steel-concrete slab and the steel-concrete beam are flush.
  • the structural structure of the slab-pillar beam structure, the steel-concrete beam protrudes from the steel-concrete floor.
  • the beam skeleton unit is composed of a beam large keel and a beam small keel.
  • the beam small keel connects and fixes the beam big keel together, and then fixes the end plate at both ends of the beam big keel, and reduces the same strength, rigidity and force.
  • the weight of the beam frame unit is convenient for fixing the beam unit to the column.
  • the slab formwork can withstand more force during use, and the slab formwork is not easily deformed during the disassembly process, which is more conducive to repeated use.
  • the column unit of the steel-concrete structure is filled with concrete, and the concrete poured in the column unit is integrated with the concrete of the floor and the beam; the supporting feet are also embedded in the concrete, which greatly increases the firmness and shock resistance of the whole building.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion I of Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is another perspective exploded view of the concrete of the first embodiment of the present invention with the concrete removed.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion II of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective exploded view showing another embodiment of removing concrete according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in Example 6 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 14 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion III of Fig. 13;
  • Figure 15 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in Example 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in Example 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in Example 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a perspective exploded view of the concrete of Embodiment 10 of the present invention with the concrete removed.
  • Figure 19 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a perspective exploded view showing the concrete removed in Example 12 of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a perspective view showing a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 22 is a perspective exploded perspective view of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention before the concrete is poured.
  • Fig. 23 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion IV of Fig. 22;
  • Fig. 24 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion V of Fig. 22;
  • Fig. 25 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion VI of Fig. 22;
  • Figure 26 is another perspective exploded view of the thirteenth embodiment of the present invention before the concrete is poured.
  • Fig. 27 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion VII of Fig. 26;
  • Fig. 28 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion VIII of Fig. 26;
  • Fig. 29 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion A of Fig. 26;
  • Figure 30 is a perspective view showing a floor stencil and a floor unit according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
  • Figure 31 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing a floor stencil and a floor unit according to Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 32 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion B of Fig. 30;
  • Fig. 33 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion C of Fig. 31;
  • Figure 34 is a perspective view showing the main beam mold and the main beam unit of Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
  • Figure 35 is a perspective exploded view of the main beam mold and the main beam unit of Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
  • Figure 36 is another perspective exploded view of the main beam mold and the main beam unit of Embodiment 13 of the present invention.
  • Figure 37 is a perspective exploded perspective view of the embodiment 14 of the present invention before the concrete is poured.
  • Fig. 38 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion D of Fig. 37;
  • Figure 39 is a perspective exploded view of the embodiment 15 of the present invention before the concrete is poured.
  • Fig. 40 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion E of Fig. 39;
  • Figure 41 is a perspective view showing the main beam mold and the main beam unit of Embodiment 15 of the present invention.
  • Figure 42 is a perspective exploded perspective view of the embodiment 16 of the present invention before the concrete is poured.
  • Fig. 43 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion F of Fig. 42;
  • Figure 44 is a perspective exploded perspective view showing the embodiment 17 of the present invention before the concrete is poured.
  • Figure 45 is a perspective exploded perspective view of the embodiment 18 of the present invention before the concrete is poured.
  • a building structure of a slab-column structure includes two symmetrical column units 1, a column unit 2, a column unit 3, and a column unit 4 distributed in four corner positions of a rectangle, and is placed on the column.
  • the main beam unit 16 installed between the column unit 6 and the column unit 9, the main beam unit 17 installed between the column unit 6 and the column unit 3, and the main beam unit 18 installed between the column unit 3 and the column unit 7.
  • a main beam unit 19 installed between the column unit 7 and the column unit 9, a main beam unit 20 installed between the column unit 7 and the column unit 4, and a main beam unit installed between the column unit 4 and the column unit 8. 21;
  • a floor unit 22 having the same structure and installation method, a floor unit 23, a floor unit 24, and a floor unit 25 are also included.
  • the column unit 3 includes only a column skeleton unit, and the column skeleton unit includes a column keel 26, a support leg 27 fixed to the column keel 26 for supporting the main beam unit 17, and a support for supporting the main beam unit 18. Feet 28.
  • the column keel is made of I-beam, and the I-beam profile is an existing profile, which can be directly used, which is faster and cheaper than the existing template-forming column, and the cost is also low.
  • the support leg 27 includes a fixed plate 29, a support plate 30 and two rib plates 31. The support plate 30 is welded to the fixed plate 29, the support plate 30 is at an angle of 90° to the fixed plate 29, and the rib plate 31 is placed below the support plate 30.
  • the fixing plate 29 and the support plate 30 are welded to increase the strength of the support legs.
  • the fixing plate 29 is welded to the side of the column keel 26 for supporting the main beam unit 17.
  • the support legs 28 are identical in structure to the support legs 27 and perpendicular to each other.
  • the column unit 6 is different from the column unit 3 in that three support legs are provided on the column unit 6, and support legs 32 are further provided on the surface of the column unit 6 opposite to the column unit 3.
  • the column unit 8 is symmetrical with the vertical unit of the column unit 6 with respect to its center position.
  • the column unit 5 has the same structure as the column unit 6, and its mounting relationship is rotated 180° clockwise with respect to the column unit 6.
  • the column unit 7 is symmetrical with the vertical unit of the column unit 5 with respect to its center position.
  • the column unit 9 is different from the column unit 6 in that four support legs are provided on the column unit 9, and support legs (not shown) are further provided on the face of the column unit 9 opposite to the column unit 6.
  • the main beam unit 18 is a side main beam unit, and includes a beam skeleton unit and a main beam template fixed to the beam skeleton unit.
  • the beam skeleton unit comprises two horizontally oriented arrays of load-bearing square tubular beam large keels 33 of a large cross-sectional area, and also includes a uniform array, placed under the beam large keel 33, perpendicular to the beam large keel 33, and the top surface and the beam are large.
  • the bottom surface of the keel 33 is fitted, welded and fixed to the beam large keel 33, eleven small cross-section square tube-shaped steel main beam small keel 34, both ends of the two beam large keel 33 and the corresponding outermost main beam
  • the outer side of the small keel 34 is flush; and the two end plates 35 are respectively disposed at the two ends of the beam large keel 33, and the two end plates 35 are respectively connected with the two ends of the beam big keel 33 and the corresponding outermost main beam small keel 34
  • the outer side is welded and fixed.
  • the main beam formwork includes a bottom plate 36 parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer side plate 37 of the vertical bottom plate 36.
  • the bottom plate 36 and the outer side plate 37 form an L shape, and the top surface of the bottom plate 36 fits the bottom surface of the main beam small keel 34, and the main beam formwork and the main frame
  • the beam small keel 34 and the beam large keel 33 are welded and fixed, and the top surface of the outer side plate 37 is higher than the top surface of the beam large keel 33.
  • the main beam unit 17 is different from the structure of the main beam unit 11 in that the main beam unit 17 includes six small-section square tubular steel main beam small keels (not shown), and the main beam unit 17
  • the main beam large keel 38 and the main beam template 39 are shorter than the main beam of the main beam unit 17 and the main beam template, and the installation relationship is rotated by 90°.
  • the main beam unit 16 is an intermediate main beam unit. Unlike the structure of the main beam unit 18, the main beam template 40 of the main beam unit 16 is only placed on the bottom plate 36 of the main beam unit 18. A flat plate on the same horizontal plane and flush with both ends of the bottom plate 36.
  • the main beam unit 19 is an intermediate main beam unit. Unlike the structure of the main beam unit 17, the main beam template 41 of the main beam unit 19 is only the main beam template of the main beam unit 17.
  • the bottom plate of 39 is placed on the same horizontal plane and is flush with the ends of the bottom plate of the main beam formwork 39.
  • the main beam unit 10 and the main beam unit 14 have the same structure, and the main beam unit 20 and the main beam unit 18 have the same structure, and the main beam unit 20 and the main beam unit 10 face vertically with respect to their center position.
  • the main beam unit 13 and the main beam unit 21 have the same structure, and the main beam unit 15 and the main beam unit 17 have the same structure, and the main beam unit 15 and the main beam unit 13 are symmetric with respect to the vertical plane of the center position; the main beam The unit 12 and the main beam unit 16 have the same structure.
  • the main beam unit 12 and the main beam unit 16 have the same structure.
  • the main beam unit 11 and the main beam unit 19 have the same structure.
  • the floor unit 24 includes a mesh floor slab skeleton unit 42 and six floor slab form units 43 having the same structure.
  • the slab skeleton unit 42 includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas, a square tube-shaped load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 44, a square tubular upper transverse steel keel 45 fixed on the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 44 and fixed in the longitudinal direction.
  • the upper transverse steel keel 45 and the lower transverse steel keel 46 are staggered; the end face of the lower transverse steel keel 46 corresponds to the floor slab
  • the sides are flush, and the outer sides of the outermost two transverse steel keels 46 are flush with the corresponding sides of the floor slab; the slab skeleton elements are placed in the cells and supported only by the transverse connecting strips 48 connecting the corners 47 to the main beam skeleton.
  • the opposite sides of the two connecting corners 47 fixed on the same longitudinal steel large keel 44 are resisted by the beam skeleton unit; the bottom surface of the lower transverse steel keel 46 is fitted to the top surface of the floor slab.
  • the longitudinal connecting strips 49 are flush with the bottom surface of the transverse connecting strips 48.
  • the bottom surface of the transverse connecting strip 48 connecting the corners 47 of the longitudinal steel large keel 44 is supported on the main beam large keel of the main beam unit 16 and the main beam unit 18, respectively, and the connecting corner code fixed on the same longitudinal steel large keel 44.
  • the opposite sides of the 47 are resisted by the beam skeleton unit.
  • the bottom surfaces of the longitudinal longitudinal connecting strips 49 at both ends of the transverse steel keel 45 are supported on the main beam large keels of the main beam unit 17 and the main beam unit 19, respectively.
  • the floor formwork unit 43 is welded and fixed to the lower transverse steel keel 46.
  • the floor slabs of the slab unit 22, the slab unit 23, the slab unit 24, and the slab unit 25 are all placed on the same horizontal plane and spliced together with the main beam slab bottom plate of the corresponding main beam unit.
  • All the column units combined, the main beam template of the main beam unit, and the floor slab template of the floor unit are spliced together to form an open cavity, the concrete is poured in the cavity, and all the beam keels and part of the main beam small keel
  • All longitudinal steel large keels and all upper transverse steel keels and partial lower transverse steel keels are embedded in concrete 52, and all beam skeleton units, floor slab units and concrete 52 form an integrated floor and main beam.
  • the floor unit, the beam unit, and the column skeleton unit are all pre-assembled module structures.
  • the construction method of the above building structure includes the following steps:
  • the corners 47 are welded to fix the ends of the longitudinal steel large keel 44, and the square tubular steel transverse connecting strips 48 are welded and connected to the bottom surface of the horizontal portion of the corner 47 to form the suspension of the floor unit 24;
  • the steel keel 45 is welded on the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 44, and the longitudinal connecting strip 49 is welded and connected to the bottom surface of the upper transverse steel keel 45;
  • the lower transverse steel keel 46 is welded to the bottom surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 44;
  • the template 50 is welded and fixed to the lower transverse steel keel 46; thus, the entire structure of the slab unit 24 is assembled into a modular structure at the factory; other slab units are also factory-integrated in the same manner to assemble the slab unit into a modular structure at the factory;
  • main beam small keels 34 are evenly welded on the bottom surface of the beam large keel 33, and the two end plates 35 are respectively welded to the two ends of the beam large keel 33, and the bottom plate 36 and the outer side plate 37 of the main beam formwork are
  • the main beam small keel 34 is welded and fixed; thus, all the components of the main beam unit 18 are assembled into a module structure at the factory; other beam units are also assembled into a module structure in the same manner in the factory;
  • the support plate 30 is welded to the fixed plate 29 at the factory, and the support plate 30 is at an angle of 90° with the fixed plate 29; the two rib plates 31 are placed under the support plate 30 and welded to the fixed plate 29 and the support plate 30, and the fixed plate is fixed.
  • 29 is welded to the side of the column keel 26; the fixed plate 29, the support plate 30 and the two rib plates 31 form the support legs 27; the support legs 28 are fixed to the column keel 26 in the same manner; thus the column of the factory column unit 3
  • the skeleton units are assembled into a modular structure; other pillar skeleton units are also assembled into a module structure in the same manner in the factory;
  • the lifting beam unit is placed on the support leg of the column skeleton unit and fixed; after the beam unit is installed, the adjacent two beam units form a cell between the adjacent two beam units;
  • the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell, and the floor unit is supported on the beam keel of the corresponding main beam unit only by the transverse connecting strip welded on the bottom surface of the floor unit; the column frame unit and the main unit are combined The main beam template of the beam unit and the floor template of the floor unit are spliced together to form a cavity with an opening upward;
  • the floor formwork and the beam formwork do not need to be removed, but become a building structure.
  • the support frame and scaffolding are completely unnecessary during the construction process, and the construction efficiency is maximized.
  • the building structure forms a dark-beamed slab-column structure because the beam does not protrude from the floor.
  • each floor unit includes a floor slab 70, a floor slab 71, the floor stencil 70 is a metal formwork to be detached, and the floor slab 71 is placed on the lower transverse steel keel 79 and
  • the floor of the floor slab 70 is flush with the periphery of the floor slab 70, and the bottom surface of the floor slab 71 is attached to the top surface of the floor slab 70, and the bottom surface of the top and lower transverse steel keels 79
  • the ribs 72 are integrally formed with the slab decorative panel 71 on the upward facing surface of the slab decorative panel 71, and the inverted ribs 72 are embedded in concrete (not shown).
  • the inverted rib 72 includes a parallel portion 74 extending from the top surface of the vertical floor slab 71 and extending perpendicularly from both sides of the vertical decorative portion.
  • each main beam unit includes a beam formwork 75, a beam trim plate 76, and the beam formwork 75 is a metal formwork to be disassembled; the main beam trim board 76 is placed on the bottom plate of the beam small keel 77 and the floor beam formwork 75. The periphery of the beam trimming plate 76 is flush with the periphery of the bottom plate of the beam formwork 75.
  • the bottom surface of the beam trimming plate 76 is fitted to the top surface of the floor plate of the beam formwork 75, and the top surface is fitted to the bottom surface of the beam small keel 77;
  • the upwardly facing surface of the plate 76 is provided with a button rib 78 integrally formed with the beam trimming plate 76, and the inverted ribs 78 are embedded in concrete (not shown).
  • the floor slab 70 and the floor slab 71 are fixed to the lower transverse steel keel 79 and the longitudinal steel large keel 80 of the slab skeleton unit from below by fasteners (not shown).
  • the floor slabs and decorative panels of all slab units are fixed by fasteners (not shown) from below with the lower transverse steel keels and longitudinal steel keels of the slab skeleton unit of the corresponding slab unit.
  • the beam formwork 75 is fixed to the beam small keel 77 and the beam large keel 81 of the beam frame unit from below by fasteners (not shown). All beam stencils are fixed by fasteners (not shown) from below with the beam keel of the beam skeletal unit and the beam keel.
  • the construction method of the building structure of the embodiment further includes the following steps: after the concrete is solidified, all the fasteners for fixing the floor slab formwork and the floor slab decorative plate are correspondingly The lower transverse steel keel and the longitudinal steel large keel of the slab skeleton unit of the slab unit are removed, and the floor slab form of the slab unit is removed, and the buckle rib 72 of the slab decorative panel is embedded in the concrete to make the slab decorative panel become a part of the building structure; After the concrete is solidified, all the fasteners used to fix the beam formwork and the beam trim board are removed from the beam keel of the corresponding beam unit and the beam keel, and the beam formwork of the beam unit is removed. The ribs 78 are embedded in the concrete to make the beam trim panels part of the building structure.
  • the beam keel 80 of all the beam frame units is a load-bearing I-shaped steel having a large cross-sectional area.
  • the beam large keel 90 of all the beam frame units is a load-bearing round tubular steel having a large cross-sectional area.
  • the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 91 of the large cross-sectional area of all the slab units is a round tubular steel.
  • two secondary beam units 101 and secondary beam units 148 which are parallel to the main beam unit are installed between every two adjacent longitudinal main beam units. .
  • the structure of all the beam skeleton units is different from that of the first embodiment.
  • the main beam formwork includes a bottom plate 110 parallel to the horizontal plane and an outer side plate 111 and an inner side plate 112 of the vertical bottom plate 110.
  • the main beam unit 102 is a side main beam unit, and includes a main beam skeleton unit and a main beam template fixed to the main beam skeleton unit.
  • the main beam skeleton unit comprises four load-bearing round tube-shaped steel beam large keels 103 with large cross-sectional area, large cross-bone ribs 104, beam large keel 105, beam large keel 106, and beam large keel 103 and beam large keel 104.
  • the horizontal array, the beam keel 105 and the beam keel 106 are respectively located at the same horizontal position directly below the beam keel 103 and the beam keel 104; and also include eleven uniform arrays, perpendicular to the beam keel 103 and the beam keel 104 , the top surface and the beam large keel 103 and the bottom of the beam large keel 104 are welded and fixed, the bottom surface and the beam large keel 105 and the top of the beam large keel 106 are welded and fixed, and the small cross section of the square tubular steel main beam small keel 107, horizontal Both ends of Liang Dalong 103, beam large keel 104, beam large keel 105, and beam large keel 106 are flush with the outer side of the outermost main beam small keel 107; also include eleven uniform arrays, respectively located in the main Immediately below the beam small keel 107, perpendicular to
  • the top surface of the bottom plate 110 is in contact with the bottom surface of the main beam small keel 108, the inner side plate 112 is attached to the floor slab template 113, the top surface of the inner side plate 112 is flush with the top surface of the bottom plate 110, and the bottom plate 110 is welded by
  • the main beam small keel 108 is fixed, and the top surface of the outer side plate 111 is higher than the top surface of the beam large keel 103 and the beam large keel 104.
  • the main beam unit 114 differs from the main beam unit 102 in that the main beam is placed below the beam keel 115 and the beam keel 116, the beam keel 117 and the beam keel 118.
  • the beam large keel 118 is shorter than the main beam formwork of the main beam unit 102, the beam big keel 103, the beam big keel 104, the beam big keel 105, and the beam big keel 106, and the installation relationship is rotated by 90°.
  • the main beam unit 122 is an intermediate main beam unit. Unlike the structure of the main beam unit 102, the top surfaces of the side plates 123 of the main beam template of the main beam unit 122 are flush, The top surface of the side panel 123 is flush with the top surface of all the floor slabs 113, and the side panels 123 are attached to the slab form 113.
  • the secondary beam unit 101 includes a secondary beam skeleton unit and a secondary beam template;
  • the secondary beam skeleton unit includes two arrays of circular tubular steel secondary beam large keels 124, and further includes six arrays and is placed in the second a square tubular shape secondary beam small keel 125 below the beam large keel 124 and perpendicular to the secondary beam large keel 124, and a small cross section; and a corner code 126 respectively placed at the ends of the secondary beam large keel 124, the corner code 126
  • the vertical portion is welded to the corresponding end of the secondary beam large keel 124 and the outer side of the corresponding outermost secondary beam small keel 125.
  • the horizontal portion of the corner code 126 is a suspension member, and the secondary beam skeleton unit passes through the horizontal portion of the corner code 126. It is supported on the main beam frame unit 102 and the main beam frame unit 122 in the lateral direction.
  • the secondary beam template includes a bottom plate 127 parallel to the horizontal plane and two side plates 128 of the vertical bottom plate 127. The top surfaces of the two side plates 128 of the secondary beam template are flush, and the top surfaces of the two side plates 128 are flush with the top surface of the floor plate template 113.
  • the side panel 128 is attached to the floor panel 113.
  • the main beam unit 114 and the main column unit 129, the column 130, the column 131, the column 132 and the column 129, the column 130, the column 131, the column 132, and the column 129 are connected in series.
  • Three cells of the same structure, the floor unit 100, the floor unit 134, and the floor unit 135 are provided in the cells formed by the beam unit 102, the main beam unit 133, and the main beam unit 122.
  • the slab unit 100 differs from the slab unit structure of the first embodiment in that the slab unit 100 includes a mesh slab skeleton unit and two slab form units 113 having the same structure.
  • the slab skeleton unit comprises a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas, a circular tubular load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 136, a square tubular upper transverse steel keel 137 fixed at the top of the longitudinal steel large keel 136 and a longitudinal steel large keel fixed a square tubular lower transverse steel keel 138 at the bottom of the 136; a suspension member is provided on an end surface of both ends of the longitudinal steel large keel 136, and the hanging member is a corner code 139 for welding and fixing one end of the longitudinal steel large keel 136, and is connected at the corner code
  • the upper transverse steel keel 137 and the lower transverse steel keel 138 are staggered; the end surface of the lower transverse steel keel 138 is flush with the corresponding side of the floor slab, and the outer side of the outermost two transverse steel keel 138 is flush with the corresponding side of the slab formwork
  • the bottom surface of the lower transverse steel keel 138 is in contact with the top surface of the floor slab 113. Both ends of the upper transverse steel keel 137 protrude from the floor slab.
  • the floor unit 100 is placed in the cell and supported on the beam keel of the main beam frame unit 122 only by the transverse connecting strip 140 connecting the corners 139, and supported by the main beam frame unit 102 by the transverse connecting strip 142 connecting the corners 141.
  • the beam is supported on the large keel of the main beam unit 114, and the other end is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 101.
  • the floor unit 134 is placed in the cell and supported on the beam keel of the main beam frame unit 122 only by the transverse connecting strip 144 connecting the corners 143, and supported by the main beam frame unit 102 via the transverse connecting strip 146 connecting the corners 145.
  • the beam is on the large keel; one end of the transverse steel keel 147 is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 101, and the other end is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 148.
  • the floor framing unit 135 is placed in the cell and supported on the beam keel of the main beam frame unit 122 only by the transverse connecting strip 150 connecting the corners 149, and supported by the main beam frame unit 102 via the transverse connecting strip 152 connecting the corner 151.
  • the beam is supported on the large keel; one end of the transverse steel keel 153 is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 148, and the other end is supported on the beam large keel of the main beam unit 133.
  • the construction method differs from that of the first embodiment in that after the main beam unit of the same cell is installed, the secondary beam unit is mounted on the corresponding main beam unit, and then the template unit is installed.
  • the building structural beam 154 protrudes from the floor 155 to form an architectural structure of a beam-shaped slab-pillar structure.
  • the column unit includes a column skeleton unit and a column template.
  • Two column template 180 and column template 181 are provided at the same height position.
  • the column skeleton unit includes a column keel unit, and a support leg fixed on the column keel unit for supporting the main beam skeleton unit.
  • the column keel unit is distributed in four corners of the rectangle, the bearing vertical column big keel 182, the column big keel 183, the column big keel 184, the column big keel 185.
  • the column skeleton unit also includes a column keel 182, a column big keel 183 and a column big keel 185, a column big keel 184, used to separate the column big keel 182, the column big keel 183 and the column big keel 185, the column big keel
  • the 184 and the axis of the same column with the same height of the column big keel 182, the column big keel 183, the column big keel 184, the column big keel 185 are vertically connected, the vertical direction array of a plurality of short connecting pipes 186, respectively
  • the plurality of short partition pipes 187 and the short partition pipes 188 which are welded in the vertical direction and the vertical direction are welded on the outer side surface of the column big keel 182, the column big keel 183, the column big keel 185, and the column big keel 184.
  • the short tube 189 and the short tube 190; the supporting legs are the short tube 191 and the short tube 192 fixed on the column big keel 184 and the column big keel 185; the column template 180 passes the fastener (not shown) Through the short
  • the 189 is fixed to the column big keel 184, fixed through the short tube 190 and the column big keel 185; the column template 181 is fixed to the column big keel 182 through the short tube 187 by fasteners (not shown), passing through the short partition
  • the tube 188 is fixed to the column keel 183.
  • the column template 180 of the same height and the column template 181 enclose a closed square tubular cavity 193.
  • the column template 180 is provided with a gap between the side opposite to the column big keel 184 and the column big keel 185, and the column template 181 and the column big keel 182 There is a gap between the opposite sides of the column big keel 183. Further, a column template 194 and a column template 195 having the same cross-sectional structure as the column template 180 and the column template 181 are provided directly below the column template 180 and the column template 181.
  • the post template 194 is secured to the post keel 184 by a fastener (not shown) through the short tube 189, and is secured to the post keel 185 through the short tube 190; the post template 195 is passed through fasteners (not shown) It is fixed to the column big keel 182 through the short tube 187, and is fixed to the column big keel 183 through the short tube 188.
  • the column template 180, the column template 181 column template, the column template 194, and the column template 195 that are combined together are emptied at a position where they are engaged with the beam unit 196 and the beam unit 197.
  • the axis of all short connecting pipes and short connecting pipes is vertical, and the concrete will fill the short connecting pipe and the short pipe connecting pipe; thereby enhancing the rigidity of the short connecting pipe, the short pipe and the biting force with the concrete, so that the building Better structure, stronger and safer.
  • All the column units combined, the beam template of the beam unit, and the floor template of the floor unit are spliced together to form an open cavity 198, and the square tubular cavity 193 formed by the column template of all the columns is connected to the cavity 198 of the corresponding floor. .
  • the cavity 198 is filled with concrete, all the beam large keel and part of the beam small keel, all the longitudinal steel keels and all the upper transverse steel keels, and some of the lower transverse steel keels are embedded in the concrete 199, in the square tubular cavity 193
  • the concrete is poured into the concrete, and all the concrete 205 of the large keel, the short connecting pipe, the short connecting pipe and the large connecting pipe are embedded in the concrete, and the concrete 199 forms an integral structure with the concrete 200. All beam frame units, floor frame units and concrete, all column units and concrete are integrated into the floor, beams and columns.
  • the construction method of the building structure is different from that of the first embodiment in that after installing the floor unit, the column template is installed: the column template is fixed to the corresponding column frame unit; the square tubular cavity 193 formed by the column template and the cavity 198 of the corresponding floor.
  • the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel of a large cross-sectional area of all the slab units is a square tubular steel.
  • the beam keel of all beam frame units is a load-bearing channel with a large cross-sectional area, and the two girders of the same horizontal direction are opposite to each other.
  • the secondary beam of all the secondary beam skeleton elements is a load-bearing channel with a large cross-sectional area, and the two secondary beams are opposite to each other.
  • the column keel unit is four openings, the same structure, distributed in the four corners of the rectangle, the load bearing vertical channel steel column big keel 220, the column big keel 221, the column big keel 222, the column big keel 223, and four are located in the column
  • the supporting leg comprises a fixing plate 229, a supporting plate 230 and two rib plates 231.
  • the supporting plate 230 is welded on the fixing plate 229.
  • the supporting plate 230 is at an angle of 90° with the supporting plate 229.
  • the rib plate 231 is placed under the supporting plate 230 and supported.
  • the plate 229 and the support plate 230 are welded to increase the strength of the support legs.
  • the support plate 229 is welded to the side of the column big keel 227 and the column big keel 228, and the support plate 230 is used to support the beam unit 232.
  • the construction method of the building structure is different from that of the embodiment 6 in that:
  • the hoisting floor unit is placed in the cell.
  • the column template, the beam template and the floor template are combined to form a cavity with an opening upward;
  • the concrete is poured into the tubular cavity of the cavity and the unirrigated concrete; the beam skeleton unit and the floor skeleton unit are embedded in the concrete; the column keel unit is embedded in the concrete in the tubular cavity, the concrete in the cavity and the concrete in the tubular cavity Forming a unitary structure; after the concrete is solidified, all the beam skeleton units, the floor skeleton unit and the concrete, all the column skeleton units and the concrete form a floor, a beam, a column.
  • the beam keel of all the beam frame units is a load-bearing L-shaped steel having a large cross-sectional area.
  • the four beam keel 250 of the same beam unit, the beam keel 251, the beam keel 252, the beam keel 253 are arranged side by side to form a rectangle, the four beam big keel 250, the beam big keel 251, the beam big keel 252, the beam big keel 253 pass
  • the elongated L-shaped steel 254 is fixed, and the beam large keel 253 is fixed to the L-shaped steel 254 and the beam large keel 251 by a plurality of short square pipes 255.
  • the column keel of all column units is load-bearing L-shaped steel.
  • the four columns of the same column unit, the big keel 256, the column big keel 257, the column big keel 258, the column big keel 259 are arranged side by side to form a rectangle, the short connecting tube 260 and the column big keel 256, the column big keel 257, the column big keel 258, the column The big keel 259 is attached and fixed.
  • the floor framing unit includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas, a circular tube-shaped load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 300, and a strip fixed on the top of the longitudinal steel large keel 300.
  • the end of the 302 projecting longitudinal steel large keel 300 forms a suspension. Both ends of the flat plate 303 protrude from the floor stencil 305.
  • the floor unit is placed in the cell only on the beam large keel of the main beam frame unit 306 through the outermost plate 301, and supported on the beam large keel of the main beam frame unit 307 through the outermost plate 302; one end of the plate 301 It is supported on the beam large keel of the main beam unit 308, and the other end is supported on the secondary beam large keel of the secondary beam unit 309.
  • the floor framing unit includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas and a circular tubular load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 330 fixed in the middle of the top of the longitudinal steel large keel 330.
  • an arc-shaped groove 333 which cooperates with the longitudinal steel large keel 330, an arc-shaped groove 335 which cooperates with the circular tubular-shaped steel beam large keel 334 of the main beam unit, and a circular tubular shape steel with the secondary beam unit
  • the arcuate groove 337 of the secondary beam large keel 336 is fitted with the floor slab 338 at both ends of the channel 331.
  • two vertical symmetrical angles 339 for the axis of the longitudinal steel large keel 330 are welded, and the longitudinal steel keel 330 is provided at the bottom of the shaped corner 339.
  • a mating curved portion 340 is provided at the bottom of the shaped corner 339.
  • the floor unit is placed in the cell only by the profiled corner 339 at one end of the longitudinal steel large keel 330, supported on the circular tubular steel beam large keel 341 of the main beam skeleton unit, and passed through the profiled corner 339 of the other end of the longitudinal steel large keel 330.
  • the floor framing unit includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas and H-shaped load-bearing longitudinal steel large keels 360, which are welded and fixed on the top surface of the longitudinal steel large keel 360.
  • the upper transverse steel keel 361 of the tubular shape is respectively welded and fixed on the bottom surface of each longitudinal steel large keel 360, the axis is horizontal, and a plurality of parallel short pad pipes 362, in each of the longitudinal steel large keel 360
  • the ends are welded with small square steel plates 363 to form a suspension member. Both ends of the upper transverse steel keel 361 protrude from the floor stencil 381.
  • the bottom surface of the short pad tube 361 is attached to the top surface of the floor stencil 381.
  • the floor stencil 381 is secured to the short pad tube 362 and the longitudinal profile steel keel 360 by fasteners (not shown).
  • a plurality of receiving through holes 364 having a horizontal axis are disposed on the web of the longitudinal steel large keel 360.
  • the column unit includes a column skeleton unit and a column template 365.
  • the column skeleton unit comprises an H-shaped steel column large keel 366 which is respectively welded to the outer side surface of the flange of the large keel 366 of the column and has a plurality of square tubular short-distance pipes 367 arranged in a vertical direction and a vertical direction.
  • the short tube 368 is welded to the column large keel 366 for supporting the horizontal beam-shaped support leg 369 of the main beam frame unit.
  • a plurality of receiving through holes 370 having a horizontal axis are disposed on the web of the column keel 366.
  • the post template 365 is secured to the short tube 368 and the post large keel 366 by fasteners (not shown).
  • the main beam unit includes a main beam skeleton unit and a main beam template 371 fixed to the main beam skeleton unit.
  • the main beam skeleton unit comprises a horizontally large cross-sectional area load-bearing H-shaped steel beam large keel 372, and further comprises a plurality of parallel axes fixed on the bottom surface of the beam large keel 372 and perpendicular to the beam large keel 372. It is a square tube-shaped short pad tube 373 in the horizontal direction. The bottom surface of the short pad tube 373 is in contact with the top surface of the main beam template 371.
  • the main beam template 371 is secured to the short pad 373 and the beam keel 372 by fasteners (not shown).
  • a plurality of receiving through holes 374 having a horizontal axis are disposed on the web of the beam large keel 372.
  • a cutout portion 375 that cooperates with the support leg 369 of the column unit is provided on the bottom plate of the main beam template 371.
  • the secondary beam unit comprises a secondary beam skeleton unit and a secondary beam template 376;
  • the secondary beam skeleton unit comprises an H-shaped steel secondary beam large keel 377, a plurality of parallel, welded fixed on the bottom surface of the secondary beam large keel 377, and the secondary beam is larger
  • the square rib-shaped short pad tube 378 whose vertical axis 377 is vertical and whose axis is horizontal; further includes a small square steel plate 379 which is respectively welded and fixed on the top surface of both ends of the secondary beam large keel 377, and the small square steel plate 379 forms a hanging piece.
  • the bottom surface of the short pad tube 378 is attached to the top surface of the secondary beam template 376.
  • the secondary beam template 376 is secured to the short paddle tube 378 and the secondary beam large keel 376 by fasteners (not shown).
  • a plurality of receiving through holes 380 whose axes are horizontal are disposed on the web of the secondary beam large keel 377.
  • the axis of the short pad tube 362, the short pad tube 373, and the short pad tube 378 is horizontal.
  • the concrete When the concrete is poured, the concrete will be filled with the short pad tube; in the longitudinal steel large keel 360, the column big keel 366, the beam big keel 372, the second The web of the beam big keel 377 is provided with a through hole.
  • the concrete When the concrete is poured, the concrete will be filled with the through hole; thereby reinforcing the longitudinal steel large keel 360, the column big keel 366, the beam big keel 372, the secondary beam big keel 377
  • the bite force with concrete makes the building structure better, stronger and safer.
  • all the column large keels 390 and all the beam large keels 391 are C-shaped steel.
  • a building structure of a slab-column structure includes two symmetrical column units 401, a column unit 402, a column unit 403, and a column unit 404 distributed at four corner positions of a rectangle;
  • the main beam unit 405 installed between the column unit 401 and the column unit 402, the main beam unit 406 installed between the column unit 402 and the column unit 403, and the main beam unit installed between the column unit 403 and the column unit 404 407, a main beam unit 408 installed between the column unit 404 and the column unit 401; each floor further includes a floor unit 409.
  • the floor unit 409 includes a semi-prefabricated floor formwork layer 410 of a flat concrete, and a floor frame unit 411 partially embedded in the semi-prefabricated floor formwork layer 410.
  • the floor framing unit 411 includes a plurality of uniform arrays of large cross-sectional areas, a circular tubular shape, a longitudinal profile steel large keel 412 for load bearing, a middle five longitudinal steel large keel 413, an outer longitudinal steel large keel 414, and a square tube.
  • transverse steel keel 415 a transverse steel keel 415, a first transverse reinforcement 416 and a first longitudinal reinforcement 417, a U-shaped joint 418, a suspension member 419 welded to the outside of the longitudinal steel large keel 412, and a suspension welded to the outside of the longitudinal steel large keel 414 Pieces 420.
  • a U-shaped groove 421 that cooperates with the transverse steel keel 415 is provided on the U-shaped joint 418.
  • the first transverse reinforcing bar 416 is fixed with the first longitudinal reinforcing bar 417 to form a reinforcing mesh, the first longitudinal reinforcing bar 417 is supported on the transverse steel keel 415, and the first transverse reinforcing bar 416 is placed between the adjacent two transverse steel keels 415, first The longitudinal reinforcement 417 is placed between the two longitudinal steel keels that are connected.
  • the U-shaped connecting member 418 is suspended from the longitudinal steel large keel 413 at the intermediate position, and the transverse steel keel 415 is placed under the longitudinal steel large keel 412, mounted in the U-shaped groove 421 of the U-shaped connecting member 418, and welded and longitudinally shaped.
  • the keel 413 and the U-shaped connector 418 are fixed together.
  • the floor framing unit 411 is partially embedded in the semi-prefabricated floor slab form 410, and the first transverse reinforcing bars 416 and the first longitudinal reinforcing bars 417 only laterally protrude from the semi-precast slab formwork layer 410, and the transverse steel keel 415 is completely
  • the semi-prefabricated floor slab form 410 is embedded; the load-bearing longitudinal steel large keel 412, the longitudinal steel large keel 413, and the longitudinal steel large keel 414 protrude only laterally and upwardly from the semi-prefabricated floor stencil layer 410, and the U-shaped connecting member 418 is only convexly above.
  • the prefabricated floor stencil layer 410, the suspension 419, and the hanger 420 project only the semi-prefabricated floor stencil layer 410 laterally and upwardly.
  • the main beam unit 406 includes a U-shaped concrete semi-preformed beam formwork layer 424 having an outer side wall 422 high and an inner side wall 423 low, and a beam frame unit 430 partially embedded in the semi-preformed beam formwork layer 424.
  • the beam skeleton unit 430 includes two C-shaped steel beam large keels 425 and a beam large keel 426 which are vertically arranged horizontally, and a reinforcing member 427 vertically installed in the beam large keel 425, which is vertically installed in the beam large keel 426. Reinforcing member 428, square tubular package 429.
  • the two beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426 pass through the square tubular sleeve 429, and the square tubular sleeve 429 is welded and fixedly connected with the two beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426.
  • a circular hole 431 having a horizontal axis is disposed on the beam large keel 425, and a circular hole 432 having a horizontal axis is disposed on the beam large keel 426, and the bite force of the reinforcing beam big keel 425, the beam big keel 426 and the concrete is Make the building structure better, stronger and safer.
  • the beam large keel 425, the beam large keel 426, and the lower portion of the square tubular sleeve 429 are all embedded in the semi-preformed beam template layer 424, and the upper portion exposes the semi-preformed beam template layer 424, the reinforcing member 427, The reinforcement member 428 completely exposes the semi-preformed beam formwork layer 424.
  • the top surface of the beam large keel 425, the beam large keel 426, the square tubular package 429 is raised above the top surface of the inner side wall 423 of the semi-preformed beam formwork layer 424, and the semi-prefabricated beam formwork
  • the top surface of the outer side wall 422 of the layer 424 is higher than the beam large keel 425, the beam large keel 426, the top surface of the square tubular sleeve 429, the beam large keel 425, the end of the beam large keel 426, and the square tubular sleeve 429 at both ends. Extending the end faces of the semi-preformed beam template layer 424;
  • the column unit 403 includes a column frame unit 433 and a column template 434.
  • the column skeleton unit 433 includes two C-shaped steel column-column large keel 435, a column large keel 436, a reinforcing member 437 laterally installed in the column big keel 435, and a reinforcing member laterally mounted in the column big keel 436 ( Not shown), a square tubular package 439, a support leg 440 corresponding to the floor, a short tube 441, and a short tube 442.
  • the two column keel 435 and the column keel 436 pass through the square tubular sleeve 439, and the square tubular sleeve 439 is welded and fixed together with the two column big keel 435 and the column big keel 436.
  • the support legs 440 are respectively welded to the side of the column big keel 435 and the column big keel 436 toward the column unit 402.
  • the vertical array of short tube 441 is welded on the outer side of the column big keel 435 opposite the column big keel 436, and the vertical array of the short tube 442 is welded on the outer side of the column big keel 436 opposite the column big keel 435.
  • the column template 434 is fixed to the column big keel 435 through a short spacer 441 by a fastener (not shown), and is fixed to the column big keel 436 through the short tube 442.
  • a circular hole 443 having a horizontal axis is disposed on the column big keel 435, and a circular hole 444 having a horizontal axis is disposed on the column big keel 436.
  • the axes of all the short partition pipes 441 and the short partition pipes 442 are vertical.
  • the concrete is filled with the short tube 441, the lumen of the short tube 442, the circular hole 443 on the column big keel 435, and the circular hole 444 on the column big keel 436; thereby reinforcing the rigidity of the short tube 441 and the short tube 442 And the bite force with the concrete, enhance the bite force of the column big keel 435, the column big keel 436 and the concrete, so that the building structure is better, stronger and safer.
  • one end of the main beam unit 406 is supported by a square tubular package 429 mounted on one end of the beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426 on the support leg 440 opposite the column unit 403 and the column unit 402. And being fixed to the support leg 440; the other end of the main beam unit 406 is supported by the square tubular sleeve 429 mounted on the other end of the beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426 at the support leg opposite to the column unit 403 (not Shown on and fixed to the support foot.
  • the structure of the main beam unit 408 is symmetrical with the vertical plane of the structure of the main beam unit 406 with respect to its center position.
  • One end of the beam large keel 445 of the main beam unit 408 and one end of the beam large keel 446 are supported on the support legs (not shown) of the column unit 401 by a square tubular package 447 and fixed to the support legs, and the other end is passed through a square tubular package 447. It is supported on a support leg (not shown) of the column unit 404 and fixed to the support leg.
  • the structure of the main beam unit 405 and the structure of the main beam unit 406 differ only in the length of the two beam large keels 448 and the semi-prefabricated main beam template layers 449, and the number of reinforcing members (not shown) and square tubular packages (not shown) Different, the installation relationship is different.
  • One end of the two beam large keels 448 of the main beam unit 405 is supported by a square tubular sleeve on a support leg (not shown) of the column unit 401 and fixed to the support leg, and the other end is supported by the column unit 402 by a square tubular package.
  • a support foot (not shown) is attached to and fixed to the support leg.
  • the structure of the main beam unit 407 is symmetrical with the vertical plane of the structure of the main beam unit 405 with respect to its center position.
  • the beam large keel 479 of the main beam unit 407 and the beam large keel 480 are supported on the support leg (not shown) of the column unit 403 by a square tubular sleeve 481 and fixed to the support leg, and the other end passes through the square tubular package 481. It is supported on a support leg (not shown) of the column unit 404 and fixed to the support leg.
  • the convex semi-prefabricated floor slab form 410 has one end of the first longitudinal reinforcement 417 located above the main beam frame unit of the main beam unit 408 and the other end above the main beam frame unit of the main beam unit 406.
  • the suspension member 419 on the longitudinal steel large keel 412 is supported on the two main beam bone keels of the main beam unit 405, and the suspension member 420 on the longitudinal steel large keel 414 supports the two beams of the main beam unit 407, the large keel 479, the beam.
  • a semi-prefabricated floor slab form 410 is protruded above the main beam frame unit of the main beam unit 405, and the other end is located above the main beam frame unit of the main beam unit 407.
  • a floor unit 409 is mounted in a cell formed by the column unit 401, the column unit 402, the column unit 403, the column unit 404, the main beam unit 405, the main beam unit 406, the main beam unit 407, and the main beam unit 408.
  • the column unit 401, the column unit 402, the column unit 403, the column unit 404, the semi-precast slab template layer 410, and the semi-preformed beam template layers of the four main beam units are spliced together to form a cavity with an opening upward, in the concave
  • the concrete is poured into the cavity, the slab skeleton unit and the beam skeleton unit are completely embedded in the concrete, and the main beam unit and the floor unit are integrated with the concrete and the main beam.
  • the construction method of the above building structure includes the following steps:
  • All column units, all beam frame units and all floor frame units are produced or standardized in the factory according to design requirements. All column units, all beam frame units and all floor frame units are fully assembled and fixed at the factory;
  • the prefabricated semi-prefabricated floor slab template layer comprises the following process steps:
  • the floor slab comprises a flat slab bottom mold 450, a floor side mold 451, a floor side mold 452, a floor side mold 453, a floor side mold 454;
  • the floor side mold 451 is provided with an arc-shaped cutout groove 455 which is open upward with the longitudinal steel large keel 412, and five open-face arc shapes respectively matched with the five longitudinal steel large keels 413
  • the floor side mold 453 is symmetrical with the floor side mold 451, and the length thereof is the same as the width of the floor bottom mold 450;
  • a plurality of U-shaped hollow recesses 459 respectively facing upwards are respectively arranged on the floor side mold 452, and a plurality of U-shaped hollow recesses are formed in the upper side of the first transverse reinforcing bars 416.
  • the floor side mold 454 is symmetrical with the floor side mold 452, and the length thereof is the same as the length of the floor bottom mold 450 plus the thickness of the floor side mold 451 and the floor side mold 453;
  • the floor side mold 453 is fixed to the left side of the floor bottom mold 450 by fasteners, and the floor side mold 451 is fixed to the right side of the floor bottom mold 450 by fasteners, and the front and rear side molds 451 and the floor side molds 453 are front and rear.
  • the two sides are flush with the front and rear sides of the floor bottom mold 450;
  • the floor side mold 452 is fixed to the front side of the floor bottom mold 450 by fasteners, and the floor side mold 454 is fixed to the floor bottom mold by fasteners.
  • the rear side of the 450, the floor side mold 452, the left side surface of the floor side mold 454 are flush with the left side surface of the floor side mold 453, the floor side mold 452, the right side surface of the floor side mold 454, and the floor side mold 451
  • the right side of the plane is flush;
  • the floor frame unit 411 is installed in the cavity of the floor slab; the longitudinal steel large keel 412, the longitudinal steel large keel 413, and the longitudinal steel large keel 414 of the floor frame unit 411 are laterally passed through the corresponding hollow grooves and supported on the floor.
  • the concrete is poured into the cavity of the floor mold to form a semi-prefabricated floor formwork layer 410, and the floor frame unit 411 is partially embedded in the semi-precast floor formwork layer 410;
  • the floor side mold 451, the floor side mold 452, the floor side mold 453, the floor side mold 454 and the floor bottom mold 450 are separated first, and then the semi-prefabricated floor stencil layer 410 and the floor bottom mold are separated. 450 separation;
  • the prefabrication method of the semi-precast slab formwork layer of other slab units is the same as the prefabrication method of the semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer 410;
  • the prefabricated semi-prefabricated main beam template layer 424 includes the following process steps:
  • the main beam mold includes an L-shaped main mold 461, an inverted L-shaped front side mold 462, a flat top mold 463, a left side mold 464, a movable right mold 465, a main mold 461, a front side mold 462, and a top mold.
  • the 463 has the same length;
  • the left side mold 464 includes a bottom wall 466, a front side wall 467 and a rear side wall 468 protruding from the bottom wall 466;
  • the rear side wall 468 has a height greater than the height of the front side wall 467;
  • the movable right side mold 465 A bottom wall 469, a front side wall 470 and a rear side wall 471 protruding from the bottom wall 469; a height of the rear side wall 471 is greater than a height of the front side wall 470;
  • the front side mold 462 includes a front side wall 476 and a top wall 477
  • the L-shaped opening of the main mold 461 is facing forward, the wall parallel to the horizontal plane of the main mold 461 is the bottom wall 472, and the wall of the vertical bottom wall 472 is the side wall 473;
  • the left side mold 464 is fixed to the left side surface of the main mold 461, the bottom surface is flush with the bottom surface of the main mold 461, and the front side surface protrudes from the front side surface of the bottom wall 472 of the main mold 461, and the rear side surface and the side wall of the main mold 461
  • the rear side of the 473 is flush, and the top surface of the bottom wall 466 protrudes from the top surface of the bottom wall 472 of the main mold 461;
  • the movable right side mold 465 is fixed in the L-shaped opening of the main mold 461, and the front side surface of the front side wall 470 of the movable right side mold 465 is flush with the front side surface of the bottom wall 472 of the main mold 461, and the movable right side mold 465 is
  • the position of the main mold 461 can be adjusted so that semi-prefabricated main beam template layers of different lengths can be prefabricated;
  • the beam skeleton unit 430 is installed in the L-shaped opening of the main mold 461, and one end of the beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426 is supported by a square tubular sleeve 429 mounted at the end of the beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426.
  • the bottom wall 466 of the left side mold 464, the other end is supported on the bottom wall 469 of the movable right side mold 465 by the other tubular sleeve 429 installed at the end of the beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426;
  • the front side mold 462 is fixed to the front side of the bottom wall 472 of the main mold 461, and both ends of the front side mold 462 and the bottom surface of the front side wall 476 are flush with the both ends and the bottom surface of the bottom wall 472 of the main mold 461, and the top surface is Projecting a top surface of the bottom wall 472 of the main mold 461, the front side of the front side wall 476 is flush with the front side of the front side wall 467 of the left side mold 464;
  • the top mold 463 is fixed on the top surface of the side wall 473 of the main mold 461.
  • the two ends and the rear side of the top mold 463 are flush with the two ends and the rear side of the main mold 461, respectively, and the front side protrudes from the side of the main mold 461.
  • the main mold 461, the left side mold 464, the front side mold 462, and the movable right side mold 465 are formed together to form an upwardly facing upward concave cavity 474;
  • the bottom wall 478 of the semi-prefabricated main beam template layer 424 is first poured into the upward concave cavity 474 of the main beam mold opening upward; the main mold 461, the top mold 463, the left side mold 464, and the movable right mold 465 are installed together.
  • the beam skeleton unit 430 is partially embedded in the semi-prefabricated main beam template layer 424;
  • the front side mold 462, the top mold 463, the left side mold 464, the movable right side mold 465 are separated from the main mold 461, and the semi-prefabricated main beam template layer 424 and the main mold 461 are further separated. Separating, completing the prefabrication of the semi-prefabricated main beam template layer 424;
  • the main beam template layer 424 is protruded from all the members of the beam frame unit 430.
  • the beam large keel 425 of the beam frame unit 430 and the semi-prefabricated main beam template layer 424 are protruded from both ends of the beam large keel 426, and the outermost two square tubes are formed.
  • the kit 429 laterally protrudes from the semi-prefabricated main beam template layer 424;
  • the prefabrication method of the semi-precast main beam formwork layer of the other beam unit is the same as that of the semi-prefabricated main beam formwork layer 424;
  • the lifting beam unit 406, the beam large keel 425 of the beam unit 406, and the end of the beam large keel 426 are respectively supported by the column unit 402 by a square tubular sleeve 429 installed at the end of the beam large keel 425 and the beam large keel 426. And corresponding support legs of the column unit 403 are fixed to the two support legs; the other beam units are hoisted in the same manner;
  • the lifting floor unit 409 is placed in the cell, and the left end of the longitudinal steel large keel 412, the longitudinal steel large keel 413, and the longitudinal steel large keel 414 of the floor unit 409 are supported on the beam large keel of the main beam unit 406, and the right end is supported at
  • the cross member of the main beam unit 408 is on the large keel; the suspension member fixed on the longitudinal steel large keel 412 is supported on the beam large keel of the beam unit 405; the suspension member fixed on the longitudinal steel large keel 414 supports the beam at the beam unit 407.
  • the suspension does not need to be fixed with the beam keel, and the installation is very convenient and quick;
  • the four column units combined, the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layers of the four beam units, and the semi-prefabricated floor form layer 410 of the floor unit 409 are spliced together to form an open cavity;
  • the mold When the semi-prefabricated floor slab formwork and the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer are prefabricated, the mold remains vibrated so that the thickness of the prefabricated semi-precast slab formwork layer and the semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer is uniform and the surface is flat.
  • the second transverse reinforcing bars 491 are fixed to the longitudinal steel large keel 490, and the second longitudinal reinforcing bars 492 are fixed to the second transverse reinforcing bars 491.
  • each beam frame unit 500 is four L-shaped steels 501, L-shaped steel 502, L-shaped steel 503, and L-shaped.
  • Profile steel 504; reinforcement member 505 is installed in four L-shaped steel 501, L-shaped steel 502, L-shaped steel 503, L-shaped steel 504, four L-shaped steel 501, L-shaped steel 502, L-shaped steel 503, L-shaped
  • the section steel 504 passes through the square tubular package 506, and the square tubular package 506 welds the four L-shaped steel 501, the L-shaped steel 502, the L-shaped steel 503, and the L-shaped steel 504 together.
  • the semi-prefabricated main beam formwork layer 507 is L-shaped.
  • the construction method of the building structure is different from that of the thirteenth embodiment in that the front side mold 508 of the main beam mold has a flat shape.
  • the suspension members are not provided on the outermost two longitudinal steel large keels 511 and the longitudinal steel large keels 512.
  • the transverse steel keel 513 laterally projects a semi-prefabricated floor slab form 514 with one end extending above the beam unit 515 and the other end extending above the beam unit 516.
  • the escaping groove originally matched with the suspension member on the floor stencil is a vacant groove matched with the transverse steel keel 513.
  • the main beam unit includes a beam skeleton unit 521 and a beam template 522.
  • the beam template 522 is a one-piece structure, and includes a bottom mold 523 and a side mold 524 and a side mold 525 protruding from the bottom mold 523.
  • the top surface of the side mold 525 is higher than the top surface of the side mold 524.
  • the beam skeleton unit 521 and the beam template 522 are fixed together at the factory.
  • the construction method of the building structure differs from that of the thirteenth embodiment in that the beam formwork 522 is fixed to the beam frame unit 521 at the factory, and there is no semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer, so there is no prefabricated half prefabricated beam formwork layer process.
  • the beam unit includes a beam skeleton unit 621 and a beam template 622.
  • the beam template 622 is a one-piece structure, and includes a bottom mold 623 and a side mold 624 and a side mold 625 protruding from the bottom mold 623.
  • the top surface of the side mold 625 is higher than the top surface of the side mold 624.
  • the beam skeleton unit 621 and the beam template 622 are fixed together at the factory.
  • the slab unit includes a slab skeleton unit 626, and a plurality of slab templates 627 secured below the slab skeleton unit 626.
  • the construction method of the building structure differs from that of the thirteenth embodiment in that the beam formwork 622 is fixed to the beam frame unit 621 at the factory, and there is no semi-prefabricated beam formwork layer, so there is no prefabricated semi-preformed beam formwork layer process.
  • the floor stencil 627 is fixed on the slab skeleton unit 626 at the factory, and there is no semi-prefabricated slab formwork layer, so there is no prefabricated semi-prefabricated slab formwork process.

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Abstract

一种建筑结构及施工方法,建筑结构包括立柱单元(401,402,403,404)、主横梁单元(405,406,407,408)和楼板单元(409),该楼板单元(409)包括混凝土的半预制楼板模板层、部分嵌入半预制楼板层的楼板骨架单元;主横梁单元(405,406,407,408)包括混凝土的半预制主横梁模板层,部分嵌入半预制主横梁模板层的主横梁骨架单元;立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,在立柱龙骨单元上固定有支撑脚(27,28);主横梁大龙骨两端支撑在相邻两立柱单元(401,402,403,404)相对的两支撑脚(27,28)上并与其固定;纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在主横梁大龙骨上;侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的纵向型钢大龙骨、钢筋位于主横梁单元(405,406,407,408)上方;在立柱单元(401,402,403,404)与主横梁单元(405,406,407,408)形成的每个单元格内安装有一个以上的楼板单元(409)。该建筑结构具有不需要支撑架、不需拆卸模板、施工效率高的优点。

Description

声明本申请人对同样的发明创造在提交该申请的同日在中国申请了实用新型一种建筑结构及其施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及如桥梁、人行天桥、房屋等建筑结构及其施工方法,特别是涉及房屋建筑结构及其施工方法。
背景技术
现在,为了适应高楼的建筑,大部分已经使用钢筋混泥土的框架结构,楼房的承重主要有框架结构来承担,这样,对墙的要求较低,使得耗材少,施工效率高。
现有的楼房框架结构主要包括立柱、梁及楼板。立柱有采用型钢结构的,也有采用钢混结构的。钢筋混凝土结构的立柱的成型方法是先绑扎钢筋,然后安装模板,接着在模板内浇注混凝土,最后待混凝土凝固后拆除掉模板形成钢筋混凝土立柱。梁和楼板的成型方法是先绑扎钢筋,然后安装模板,接着在模板内浇注混凝土,最后待混凝土凝固后拆除掉模板形成钢筋混凝土梁和楼板。上述成型钢筋混凝土结构立柱、梁、楼板的方法都需要在施工现场铺设钢筋、安装和拆卸模板,因此,施工的速度慢、效率低、劳动强度大。现场安装和拆卸模板,需要脚手架和支撑架,安装模板时劳动强度特别大。特别是由于钢筋的刚性不好易变形,钢筋结构精度差、稳定性不好,无法象机械零部件一样控制精度,这样无法在工厂将立柱、楼板和横梁的钢筋结构在工厂就加工好,也无法将成形横梁与楼板的模板事先在工厂与钢筋固定。
目前,在建筑工程施工中,均普遍采用木模板的下面铺设大量方木加上钢管支撑或门形架支撑的形式,也有可采用调节支撑与伸缩钢梁结合在一起的支撑系统等,其缺点在于:原有的施工过程中,采用大量的锯支撑架、钉、木模板,而质量好的木模板一般只能重复使用6-7次左右;由于重复钉、拆,木模板很容易被损坏;折旧后的木模板和支撑卖了不值钱,丢了可惜,再用时又要花时间和人工锯掉损坏部分,耗时、耗工、耗木料;即使是用钢模或其它非木质模板支撑,在浇灌施工过程中梁和楼板的模板需要支撑架支撑,在安装梁和楼板的模板时还需脚手架。
在申请号为200920141210.7的实用新型专利中,公开了一种模块装配式建筑模板装置,多根多边形大管之间固定连接构成正方形或者长方形的边框,其内设有由多根多边形小管互相固定连接而成的井字形骨架,其四边固定设于边框内侧上;木模板固定安装在骨架止;边框的多边形大管上均匀设有多个第一连接孔,每个边框与每个边框通过多个第一连接孔互相活动连接构成建筑物的楼板、梁、柱等模板装置;边框上的四个边角上设有多个第二连接孔,边框通过多个第二连接孔与可调节支撑管装置活动连接;边框上的多边形大管与可伸缩的梁模板装置活动连接;该实用新型结仅是把模板结构在工厂加工成一个单位模块,横梁、楼板还是采用现场的钢筋结构,需现场施工,模板装置在施工过程中还需要脚手架和支撑架,因此现场施工还是施工周期长、劳动强度大。
在申请号为200410013554.1的发明专利中,公开了一种无支撑自承重现浇混凝土结构,内置钢桁架_混凝土组合梁包括钢桁架、钢底模、侧模和拉接钢筋,钢桁架两侧的下弦杆上分别焊有一组拉接钢筋,在两组拉接钢筋上焊接有钢底模,侧模与钢底模相固接。该发明中,仅实现梁的全部荷载最终都传递到框架柱上,梁的模板可不在现场安装,但在施工阶段,楼板模板还需在施工现场安装,安装楼板模板时还是需要脚手架,楼板模板也需要支撑架支撑,楼板钢筋也需在施工现场安装,因此该发明只是减少了支撑架的数量,减少了一部分现场施工量,现场施工周期还是长、施工劳动强度还是高。
还有一种是采用混凝土预制板为模板。申请号为201210009856.6的发明专利中,公开了一种钢结构建筑用叠合楼板,由混凝土预制底板,中间龙骨和现浇混凝土顶层组成,混凝土 预制底板由热镀锌钢丝网、横向卡槽钢带、侧板和浇铸混凝土层组成;中间龙骨纵向间隔设置与混凝土预制底板之横向卡槽钢带固定连接,中间龙骨完全嵌入现浇混凝土层中。该发明专利虽然用混凝土预制底板代替模板,不需现场支模,但中间龙骨还需在混凝土预制底板成型后再与混凝土预制底板固定,且中间龙骨两端与混凝土预制底板、现浇混凝土顶层齐平,叠合楼板与梁单元的安装不方便。该发明仅公开了叠合楼板,没有公开梁单元。
申请号为00100182.5、公开日为2001年8月1日的实用新型专利中,公开了一种新式钢骨楼板结构,包括立柱、横梁的主钢骨、若干支架、连接器、若干抗挠构件、搂层钢条及网格片,其中,横梁主钢骨侧壁设有多个加劲连接器;支架水平排列跨置在横梁的主钢骨间,该支架由直条及连固接条所构成;连接器连接支架和横梁的主钢骨,抗挠构件穿经各支架、且其两端分别连接横梁的主钢骨的加劲连结器;楼层钢条穿通排列在支架间;另外网格片铺设在前述组成结构的表面。
组配搭接时,首先以型钢为主钢骨搭建结构钢骨主体,又在其中一横梁侧端暂组设若干临时悬挂构件J,其次,以水平支架,两端分别穿组连接器后,悬挂在横梁侧端面组设的临时悬挂构件J上,再将抗挠构件穿经架设在悬挂构件J上排列整齐的支架、且以其组接端与主钢骨侧板面上的加劲连结器对应贴合,令其组接孔互为对正,以螺件旋接,再将悬挂在临时悬挂构件J的水平支架依设计间排列在抗挽构件上,水平支架两端借连接器3与横梁主钢骨上的续接构件固接,且把包框组设在主钢骨的立框框缘及横梁下缘,并让包框的连接系件连接在角架及相对的连接器板面间,再将楼层钢条穿通水平支架而铺置在横梁主钢骨上,令楼层钢条两端的锚定钢条分别设置在横梁主钢骨的外侧,另外又在水平支架下方的直条上穿设钢筋插条加强结构,以及把握裹钢条与主钢骨内侧的续接构件相组接,令其勾部的一端伸向水平支架结构内,把网格片铺设在组成结构的表面,并以封网元件封固,即可进行混凝土灌注,当混凝土凝固后,即可在楼板表面进行板面粉刷(或其他表面装璜)修饰。
该专利中,主要存在以下缺点:第一钢骨楼板结构的各个构件还需在施工现场完成,并没有在工厂组成成楼板单元、横梁大龙骨单元、立柱单元,施工现场的工作量还是非常大;第二位置很难对准,就是锁上螺丝也很难保证立柱垂直水平面,且完全通过螺丝或铆接的方式将各个构件固定起来不现实;第三在锁螺丝的位置形成受力点,形成剪切力,很难保证安全性;第四,为了防止气孔,浇灌混凝土时需要震动,会有很多水泥浆从网格内流出来,特别是自流平混凝土浆,上述缺点更明显。
楼板单元、横梁单元结构形式,当混凝土里面的水泥浆有一部分从网格内掉出来,破坏了混凝土里面沙子、石头和水泥浆的比例,影响建筑质量。
发明内容
本发明要解决的第一个技术问题是提供一种在施工过程中不需要支撑架、现场只需搭接模块化的立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元、从而大大减少施工现场的人力成本和施工强度、大大缩短施工周期的建筑结构及其施工方法。
本发明要解决的第二个技术问题是提供一种在施工过程中不需要支撑架、现场只需搭接模块化的立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元、楼板模板和粱模板不需拆卸、大大减少施工现场的人力成本和施工强度、大大缩短施工周期的建筑结构及其施工方法。
一种建筑结构,包括立柱单元、包括主横梁单元的横梁单元、楼板单元;楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板;楼板骨架单元包括承重纵向型钢大龙骨和与纵向型钢大龙骨固定的阵列的横向型钢龙骨,楼板模板与楼板骨架单元固定,楼板模板的顶面与纵向型钢大龙骨的底面设有间隙;横梁单元包括横梁骨架单元,与横梁骨架单元固定的横梁模板,横梁骨架单元包括承重型钢横梁大龙骨,横梁模板的顶面与横梁大龙骨的底面设有间隙;立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的支撑脚;在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端的端面上设有悬挂件,悬挂件为倒L形或反倒L形;楼板单元、横梁单元、立柱骨架单元均为预先组装好的模块结构;主横梁单元两端放置在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定;两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格,在每个单元格内水平放置有一个以上的楼板单元,楼板单元通过悬挂件支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;组合在一起的立柱单元、横梁模板、楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌有混凝土;横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元嵌入混凝土内,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
作为方案一的改进,建筑结构为板柱结构;边主横梁单元的所述横梁骨架单元包括边主横梁单元;边横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的所述的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于所述的横梁大龙骨下方、与所述的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢横梁小龙骨;边主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在所述的横梁大龙骨的两端;边横梁单元的横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的外侧板,底板与外侧板形成L形,底板的顶面与横梁小龙骨的底面贴合,外侧板的顶面高出所述的横梁骨架单元的顶面,底板与楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
作为方案二的改进,主横梁单元还包括中间主横梁单元;中间主横梁单元包括二条以上阵列的所述的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于所述的横梁大龙骨下方、与所述的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢横梁小龙骨;中间主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在所述的横梁大龙骨的两端;中间主横梁单元的横梁模板的顶面与横梁小龙骨的底面贴合与楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
作为方案一的改进,建筑结构为板柱梁结构;主横梁单元包括边主横梁单元;边主横梁单元的所述横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的所述的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于所述的横梁大龙骨下方、与所述的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢横梁小龙骨;主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在所述的横梁大龙骨的两端;边主横梁单元的横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的外侧板和内侧板,底板的顶面与横梁小龙骨的底面贴合,外侧板的顶面高出所述的横梁骨架单元的顶面,内侧板的顶面与楼板模板的顶面齐平,内侧板与楼板模板贴合在一起。
作为方案四的改进,中间主横梁单元包括二条以上阵列的所述的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于所述的横梁大龙骨下方、与所述的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢横梁小龙骨;主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在所述的横梁大龙骨的两端;中间主横梁单元的横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的两侧板,底板的顶面与横梁小龙骨的底面贴合,侧板的顶面与楼板模板的顶面齐平,侧板与楼板模板贴合在一起。
作为方案一至五的共同改进,楼板单元还包括楼板装饰板,楼板模板为需拆卸的金属模板;楼板装饰板置于楼板骨架单元和楼板模板的之间;在楼板装饰板、楼板模板上设有与支撑脚配合的避空部,主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元支撑在支撑脚上;楼板装饰板、楼板模板通过紧固件从下方固定在相应的楼板骨架单元上;在楼板装饰板朝上的面上设有倒扣,倒扣嵌入混凝土内。
作为方案一至五的共同改进,横向型钢龙骨包括固定在纵向型钢大龙骨顶面上的上横向型钢龙骨和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨底面上的下横向型钢龙骨;悬挂件包括固定纵向型钢大龙骨两端的角码;上横向型钢龙骨和下横向型钢龙骨错开排列;下横向型钢龙骨的端面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平,最外侧的两下横向型钢龙骨的外侧面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平;楼板骨架单元通过角码的水平部支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上两端的角码相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;下横向型钢龙骨的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
作为方案七的改进,悬挂件还包括连接在角码的水平部的底面上的型钢横向连接条;上横向型钢龙骨的两端均凸出楼板模板,在上横向型钢龙骨的底面上均连接有型钢纵向连接条;纵向连接条与横向连接条的底面齐平;纵向连接条和横向连接条的底面支撑在相应的横梁骨架单元上。
作为方案七的改进,楼板模板可拆卸模板,楼板模板通过紧固件从下方固定在楼板骨架单元上;楼板模板单元包括楼板模板和设置在楼板模板底面固定的加强条。
作为方案一至五的共同改进,横梁单元还包括次横梁单元;次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的所述横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于所述横梁大龙骨下方、与所述横梁大龙骨垂直并固定的型钢次横梁小龙骨;次横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在所述横梁大龙骨的两端;在所述的横梁骨架单元上设有支撑部或在次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的悬挂件的端面上设有悬挂件,悬挂件为倒L形或反倒L形;次横梁单元为预先组装好的模块结构,次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元支撑在主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的支撑部上或通过次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的悬挂件支撑在主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元上;次横梁模板与相应的楼板模板拼接,其顶部平面与楼板模板顶部平面齐平。
作为方案一至五的共同改进,在纵向型钢大龙骨上设有容置混凝土的容置通孔。
作为方案一至五的共同改进,在每条纵向型钢大龙骨的底面固定有多条轴线为水平方向的的短垫管,短垫管的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
作为方案一至五的共同改进,立柱单元还包括立柱模板,在同一高度位置设有两条以上立柱模板;立柱龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的、承重竖向立柱大龙骨;立柱骨架单元还包括安装在立柱大龙骨间、用来分隔立柱大龙骨并将同一立柱同一高度的立柱大龙骨固定在一起的轴线为竖直方向的短连接管,固定在不同立柱大龙骨相背的两个外侧面上的轴线为竖直方向的短隔管;支撑脚固定在立柱大龙骨上;立柱模板与短隔管贴合并固定,同一高度的的立柱模板围城闭合的管状空腔,立柱模板的与立柱大龙骨外相对的侧面间设有间隙;立柱模板在与横梁单元配合的位置避空,立柱模板形成的管状空腔与凹腔连通。
作为方案十三的改进,支撑脚置于立柱模板形成的管状空腔内。
作为方案一至五的共同改进,还包括与横向型钢龙骨固定的钢筋,钢筋包括纵向钢筋、或纵向钢筋和横向钢筋。
一种建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求组装或标准化组装立柱骨架单元、包括横梁单元的横梁单元和楼板单元;
组装楼板单元:楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板,将悬挂件固定在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端,将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢龙骨固定在一起,将楼板模板与楼板骨架单元固定,从而将楼板单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
组装横梁单元:组装横梁骨架单元,将横梁模板固定在横梁骨架单元上,从而将横梁单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
组装立柱骨架单元:将支撑脚固定在立柱龙骨单元上,支撑脚上支撑主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的面与立柱龙骨单元垂直,从而将立柱骨架单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
2)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
3)吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;;
4)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元通过悬挂件支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;组合在一起的立柱骨架单元、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
5)向凹腔内浇灌混凝土,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元嵌入混凝土内;混凝土凝固后,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
一种建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
建筑结构的立柱单元还包括立柱模板,在同一高度位置设有两条以上围成闭合的管状空腔的立柱模板;其特征在于施工方法包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求组装或标准化组装立柱骨架单元、包括横梁单元的横梁单元和楼板单元;
组装楼板单元:楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板,将悬挂件固定在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端,将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢龙骨固定在一起,将楼板模板与楼板骨架单元固定,从而将楼板单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
组装横梁单元:组装横梁骨架单元,将横梁模板固定在横梁骨架单元上,从而将横梁单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
组装立柱骨架单元:将支撑脚固定在立柱龙骨单元上,支撑脚上支撑主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的面与立柱龙骨单元垂直,从而将立柱骨架单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
2)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
3)吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;;
4)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元仅通过悬挂件支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;
5)安装立柱模板:将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定;同一高度的立柱模板形成管状空腔,管状空腔与凹腔连通;组合在一起的立柱模板、横梁模板、楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
6)向凹腔和管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;楼板骨架单元和横梁骨架单元嵌入混凝土内;立柱骨架单元嵌入管状空腔内的混凝土内,凹腔内的混凝土与管状空腔内的混凝土形成一体结构;混凝土凝固后,所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土、所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、横梁、立柱。
一种建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求组装或标准化组装立柱骨架单元、包括横梁单元的横梁单元和楼板单元;
组装楼板单元:楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板,将悬挂件固定在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端,将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢龙骨固定在一起,将楼板模板与楼板骨架单元固定,从而将楼板单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
组装横梁单元:组装横梁骨架单元,将横梁模板固定在横梁骨架单元上,从而将横梁单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
组装立柱骨架单元:将支撑脚固定在立柱龙骨单元上,支撑脚上支撑主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的面与立柱龙骨单元垂直,从而将立柱骨架单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
2)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
3)安装立柱模板:将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定;同一高度的立柱模板形成管状空腔;向管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;支撑脚上用来支撑横梁大龙骨的支撑面上方的立柱骨架单元未嵌入混凝土内;
4)吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定;完成横梁单元安装后,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
5)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元通过悬挂件支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;组合在一起的立柱模板、横梁模板、楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
6)向凹腔和未浇灌混凝土的管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元嵌入混凝土内;立柱龙骨单元嵌入管状空腔内的混凝土内,凹腔内的混凝土与管状空腔内的混凝土形成一体结构;混凝土凝固后,所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土、所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、横梁、立柱。
一种建筑结构,包括立柱单元、包括横梁单元的横梁单元、楼板单元;
楼板单元包括混凝土的半预制楼板模板层、部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层的楼板骨架单元;楼板骨架单元包括阵列的承重纵向型钢大龙骨和安装在纵向型钢大龙骨下方的横向型钢龙骨,与横向型钢龙骨安装在一起的钢筋,钢筋包括第一纵向钢筋、或第一横向钢筋和第一纵向钢筋;钢筋、横向型钢龙骨嵌入半预制楼板模板层,钢筋侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层,横向型钢龙骨侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层或完全嵌入半预制楼板模板层;承重纵向型钢大龙骨仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层;
横梁单元包括混凝土的半预制横梁模板层、部分嵌入半预制横梁模板层的横梁骨架单元;横梁骨架单元包括承重型钢横梁大龙骨;横梁大龙骨端部凸出半预制横梁模板层的端面;
立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的支撑脚;
楼板单元、横梁单元、立柱骨架单元均为预先组装好的模块结构;横梁单元两端支撑在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定;
两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
在每个单元格内水平放置有一个以上的楼板单元,楼板单元通过纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁大龙骨上;侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的纵向型钢大龙骨、钢筋位于横梁单元上方;
组合在一起的立柱单元、半预制楼板模板层、半预制横梁模板层拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌混凝土,楼板骨架单元、横梁骨架单元完全嵌入混凝土内,横梁单元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
由于楼板骨架单元采用了型钢龙骨与钢筋结合,侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的纵向型钢大龙骨、钢筋位于横梁单元上方,因此刚性好、强度高、不易变形、承载能力强、抗裂和抗震性能大幅度提高。完全组装好楼板骨架单元后再浇灌半预制楼板模板层,完全组装好横梁骨架单元后再浇灌半预制横梁模板层,这样横梁单元、楼板单元、立柱骨架单元可按设计要求先在工厂加工好形成模块单元,或设计成标准件,在施工现场只需将各个单元吊装到设定位置并安装好就能完成建筑结构的主体框架及模板的施工,而且能很好的保证组合在一起的立柱骨架单元、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板的拼接处的缝隙符合施工要求。
本发明在工厂把立柱单元、横梁单元、楼板单元分别组装好,形成类似机械装置的部件,不需在施工现场将立柱骨架单元的支撑脚焊接在立柱龙骨上和现场将楼板骨架单元的纵向型钢大龙骨和横向型钢龙骨焊接在一起等,也不需施工现场将楼板骨架单元与横梁骨架单元焊接在一起,楼板骨架单元直接放置在横梁单元上等,大大减少施工现场的人力成本、施工强度,大大缩短施工周期和降低施工成本;在工厂把立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元分别组装好,效率大大提高,劳动强度大大降低,劳动环境大大改善,更能保证各个单元的质量,还可实现机械化生产。
在安装横梁单元、楼板单元时,只需吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上,吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,不需要搭支撑架;由于采用半预制楼板模板层和半预制横梁模板层,在浇筑混凝土时不再需要模板,不再需要支撑架支撑,大大降低成本,大大提高了现场施工效率,大大减少了资源浪费和废弃的脚手架和支撑架对环境的污染。
现场浇筑完成后,半预制楼板模板层和半预制横梁模板层与现场浇灌的混凝土成为一个整体,不需拆卸模板,大大提高现场施工效率和降低现场施工的劳动强度,且半预制楼板模板层和半预制横梁模板层外表面质量好,大大减少后续装修的工作量,降低装修成本。
作为方案十九的改进,在最外侧的纵向型钢大龙骨上固定有悬挂件,纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁大龙骨上。采用悬挂件,使楼板单元更好地支撑在横梁单元上。
作为方案十九的改进,横向型钢龙骨凸出半预制楼板模板层;侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的横向型钢龙骨、第一横向钢筋置于横梁单元上方。这种结构的楼板骨架单元结构相对简单。
作为方案十九的改进,纵向型钢大龙骨为圆管形型钢,横向型钢龙骨为方管形型钢;建筑结构还包括与纵向型钢大龙骨配合的U形连接件,在U形连接件上设有与横向型钢龙骨配合的U形槽;第一横向钢筋与第一纵向钢筋固定在一起形成钢筋网,第一纵向钢筋支撑在横向型钢龙骨上,第一横向钢筋置于相邻的两横向型钢龙骨间,第一纵向钢筋置于相连的两纵向型钢大龙骨间;U形连接件悬挂在纵向型钢大龙骨上,横向型钢龙骨安装在U形连接件的U形槽内并通过焊接与纵向型钢大龙骨、U形连接件固定在一起。用U形连接件连接纵向型钢大龙骨和横向型钢龙骨,连接可靠。
作为方案十九的改进,横梁骨架单元还包括加强件、方管形套件;每个横梁单元的横梁 大龙骨为两根开口相对排列的C形型钢;加强件竖向安装在C型钢内,两根C形型钢穿过方管形套件,方管形套件将两根C形型钢连接在一起。
作为方案十九的改进,横梁骨架单元还包括加强件、方管形套件;每个横梁单元的横梁大龙骨为四根相对排列的L形型钢;加强件安装在四根L形型钢间,四根L形型钢穿过方管形套件,方管形套件将四根L形型钢连接在一起。用方管形套件将两根C形型钢或四根L形型钢连接固定在一起,并增加加强件,进一步提高横梁骨架单元的刚性、强度和承载能力、抗裂和抗震性能。
作为方案十九的改进,在纵向型钢大龙骨上安装有第二横向钢筋和第二纵向钢筋。进一步提高楼板骨架单元的刚性、强度和承载能力、抗裂和抗震性能。
一种建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化组装立柱骨架单元;
2)预制半预制楼板模板层和预制半预制横梁模板层;
预制半预制楼板模板层:安装楼板模具,楼板模具包括一个开口朝上的凹腔,在凹腔的侧壁上设有与楼板骨架单元配合的避空部;将楼板骨架单元安装在楼板模具的凹腔内,楼板骨架单元通过避空部侧向凸出楼板模具;向楼板模具的凹腔内浇灌混凝土形成半预制楼板模板层,楼板骨架单元部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层;将楼板模具从半预制楼板模板层上拆卸下来,完成半预制楼板模板层的预制;钢筋仅侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层,横向型钢龙骨仅侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层或完全嵌入半预制楼板模板层;承重纵向型钢大龙骨仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层;
预制半预制横梁模板层:
安装横梁模具,横梁模具包括一个开口朝上的向上凹腔和与向上凹腔连通的一个以上的侧向凹腔;将横梁骨架单元安装在横梁模具内;先向横梁模具开口朝上的向上凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的底壁,再旋转横梁模具使侧向凹腔开口向上、向横梁模具侧向凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的侧壁;或先旋转横梁模具使侧向凹腔开口向上、向横梁模具侧向凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的侧壁,再旋转横梁模具使向上凹腔的开口朝上、向向上凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的底壁;横梁骨架单元部分嵌入半预制横梁模板层;最后将横梁模具从半预制横梁模板层上拆卸下来,完成半预制横梁模板层的预制;横梁骨架单元的横梁大龙骨两端凸出半预制横梁模板层的端部;
立柱骨架单元、横梁单元,楼板单元均在工厂完全组装固定在一起形成模块结构;
3)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
4)吊装横梁单元,将横梁单元的横梁大龙骨放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定;完成横梁单元安装后,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
5)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元通过纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁横梁大龙骨上;组合在一起的立柱单元、横梁单元的半预制横梁模板层、楼板单元的半预制楼板模板层拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
6)向凹腔内浇灌混凝土;混凝土凝固后,同一层的横梁单元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
作为方案二十六的改进,楼板模具包括楼板底模和楼板侧模,待半预制楼板模板层干燥后,先将楼板侧模与楼板底模分离,再将楼板底模与半预制楼板模板层分离;
横梁模具包括开口朝前朝上、包括底壁和侧壁的L形主模、前侧模、顶模、左侧模、右侧模;将左侧模固定在主模的左侧面上,将右侧模固定在主模的右侧;将横梁骨架单元安装在主模的L形开口内,横梁骨架单元骨的一端支撑在左侧模上,另一端支撑在右侧模上;将前侧模固定在主模的底壁的前侧,将顶模固定在主模的侧壁的顶面上;待半预制横梁模板层干燥后,将前侧模、顶模、左侧模、右侧模与主模拆离,再将主模与半预制横梁模板层分离。
一种建筑结构,包括立柱单元、横梁单元、楼板单元;
楼板单元包括混凝土的半预制楼板模板层、部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层的楼板骨架单元;楼板骨架单元包括阵列的承重纵向型钢大龙骨和安装在纵向型钢大龙骨下方的横向型钢龙骨,与横向型钢龙骨安装在一起的钢筋;钢筋包括第一纵向钢筋、或第一横向钢筋和第一纵向钢筋;钢筋、横向型钢龙骨嵌入半预制楼板模板层,钢筋侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层,横向型钢龙骨侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层或完全嵌入半预制楼板模板层;承重纵向型钢大龙骨仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层;横梁单元包括横梁骨架单元和固定在横梁骨架单元的横梁模板;横梁骨架单元包括承重型钢横梁大龙骨;横梁大龙骨端部凸出横梁模板的端面;
立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑横梁骨架单元的支撑脚;
主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨两端支撑在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定;
纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁大龙骨上;侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的纵向型钢大龙骨、钢筋位于横梁单元上方;
在横梁单元形成的每个单元格内放置有一个以上的楼板单元;
组合在一起的立柱单元、半预制楼板模板层、半预制横梁模板层拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌混凝土,楼板骨架单元、横梁骨架单元完全嵌入混凝土内,横梁单元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
本发明的有益效果是,立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元的龙骨单元均采用了型钢龙骨;相对于钢筋网刚性好、强度高、不易变形,在承受模板重力和浇灌时混凝土重力及冲击力等情况下也不会变形;特别是立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元的长宽尺寸精度高、稳定性好、象机械零部件一样容易控制精度,这样立柱骨架单元、横梁单元和楼板单元可按设计要求先在工厂加工好,或设计成标准件,在施工现场只需将各个单元吊装到设定位置并安装好就能完成建筑结构的主体框架及模板的施工,而且能很好的保证组合在一起的立柱骨架单元、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板的拼接处的缝隙符合施工要求。
本发明在工厂把立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元分别组装好成一个个模块单元,每一个模块单元形成类似机械装置的部件,特别是模板也在工厂组装到相应的单元上,不需在施工现场将立柱骨架单元的支撑脚焊接在立柱龙骨上和现场将楼板骨架单元的纵向型钢大龙骨和横向型钢龙骨焊接在一起等,也不需施工现场将楼板骨架单元与横梁骨架单元焊接在一起,楼板骨架单元直接放置在横梁单元上等,大大减少施工现场的人力成本、施工强度,大大缩短施工周期和降低施工成本;在工厂把立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元分别组装好,效率大大提高,劳动强度大大降低,劳动环境大大改善,更能保证各个单元的质量,还可实现机械化生产。悬挂件为倒L形或反倒L形,楼板单元直接放置在单元格上即可,楼板单元的悬挂件直接支撑在横梁骨架单元上并被固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡,楼板骨架单元与横梁单元不需要固定,现场施工非常方便;纵向型钢大龙骨的顶面与横梁龙骨的顶面齐平或稍高出横梁龙骨的顶面,这样在保证建筑结构的强度的情况下,楼板的厚度完全能满足现有的混凝土板柱梁结构的10cm至12cm的楼板厚度要求或者是混凝土板柱结构的20cm至22cm的楼板厚度要求。由于横梁单元两端放置在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定,因此横梁单元的安装不会影响立柱单元与水平面的垂直度。这样只需在工厂组装立柱龙骨单元时使支撑脚上支撑主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的面与立柱龙骨单元垂直、安装立柱时立柱龙骨单元与水平面垂直,就能保证立柱垂直于水平面,横梁垂直立柱。
在安装横梁单元、楼板单元时,只需吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上,吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,不需要搭脚手架;由于模板已事先固定在相应的龙骨单元上,在浇筑混凝土时模板不需支撑架支撑;省去了模板支撑架,特别是模板不需拆卸成为建筑结构的一部分时,完全不需脚手架,大大降低成本,大大提高了现场施工效率,大大减少了资源浪费和废弃的脚手架和支撑架对环境的污染。
模板可为一次性不需拆卸的装饰板,形成房顶的装饰板,不需要对房顶再进行装修,可缩短装修工期,降低装修成本;模板也可为重复使用的金属模板,这样模板通过紧固件固定在纵向型钢大龙骨上,拆卸模板快速省力。
模板还可分为两层,上层是薄的不需拆卸的装饰板,下层是需拆卸的可重复使用的金属模板;这种结构的装饰板,在浇灌混凝土时装饰板上的受力传递给金属模板,因此装饰板可以做的很薄,对材质也没有什么要求,即可以起装饰作用,又可以节省成本。在装饰板上设有倒扣,倒扣嵌入混凝土内,在金属模板拆卸后,装饰板也能很可靠的与混凝土固定在一起。
从上面的论述可知,本发明克服了现有技术必须在现场安装模板的惯性思维,而是把立柱骨架单元、横梁单元、楼板单元设计成类似机械零件的部件,完全不需要支撑架,特别是模板不需拆卸成为建筑结构的一部分时,完全不需脚手架,就能完成建筑结构的施工。
板柱结构的建筑结构,钢混楼板与钢混梁是齐平的。板柱梁结构的建筑结构,钢混梁凸出钢混楼板。横梁骨架单元由横梁大龙骨、横梁小龙骨构成,横梁小龙骨将横梁大龙骨连接固定在一起,再在横梁大龙骨的两端固定端板,在同样强度、刚性和受力的情况下,减少了横梁骨架单元的重量,且便于将横梁单元与立柱固定。
在楼板模板下方设有加强条,楼板模板在使用过程中能承受更大的力,楼板模板在拆卸过程中也不易变形,更利于重复多次使用。
钢混结构的立柱单元,立柱单元内灌注有混凝土,且灌注在立柱单元内的混凝土与楼板和横梁的混凝土形成一个整体;支撑脚也嵌入混凝土内,大大增加整个建筑的牢固性和抗震性。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的立体示意图。
图2是本发明实施例1去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图3是图2的I部放大示意图。
图4是本发明实施例1去掉混凝土的另一立体分解示意图。
图5是本发明实施例2去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图6是图5的II部放大示意图。
图7是本发明实施例3去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图8是本发明实施例4去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图9为本发明实施例5的立体示意图。
图10为本发明实施例5去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图11为本发明实施例5去掉混凝土的另一方式的立体分解示意图。
图12为本发明实施例6的立体示意图。
图13为本发明实施例6去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图14是图13的III部放大示意图。
图15为本发明实施例7去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图16为本发明实施例8去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图17为本发明实施例9去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图18为本发明实施例10去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图19为本发明实施例11去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图20为本发明实施例12去掉混凝土的立体分解示意图。
图21是本发明实施例13的立体示意图。
图22是本发明实施例13未浇灌混凝土前的立体分解示意图。
图23是图22的IV部放大示意图。
图24是图22的V部放大示意图。
图25是图22的VI部放大示意图。
图26是本发明实施例13未浇灌混凝土前的的另一立体分解示意图。
图27是图26的VII部放大示意图。
图28是图26的VIII部放大示意图。
图29是图26的A部放大示意图。
图30是本发明实施例13的楼板模具和楼板单元的立体示意图。
图31是本发明实施例13的楼板模具和楼板单元的立体分解示意图。
图32是图30的B部放大示意图。
图33是图31的C部放大示意图。
图34是本发明实施例13的主横梁模具和主横梁单元的立体示意图。
图35是本发明实施例13的主横梁模具和主横梁单元的立体分解示意图。
图36是本发明实施例13的主横梁模具和主横梁单元的另一立体分解示意图。
图37本发明实施例14未浇灌混凝土前的立体分解示意图。
图38是图37的D部放大示意图。
图39本发明实施例15未浇灌混凝土前的立体分解示意图。
图40是图39的E部放大示意图。
图41是本发明实施例15的主横梁模具和主横梁单元的立体示意图。
图42本发明实施例16未浇灌混凝土前的立体分解示意图。
图43是图42的F部放大示意图。
图44本发明实施例17未浇灌混凝土前的立体分解示意图。
图45本发明实施例18未浇灌混凝土前的立体分解示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例1
如图1至图3所示,一种板柱结构的建筑结构,包括分布在矩形的四个转角位置两两对称的立柱单元1、立柱单元2、立柱单元3、立柱单元4,置于立柱单元1、立柱单元2之间的立柱单元5,置于立柱单元2、立柱单元3之间的立柱单元6,置于立柱单元3、立柱单元4之间的立柱单元7,置于立柱单元4、立柱单元1之间的立柱单元8,置于立柱单元5、立柱单元7之间的立柱单元9;还包括安装在立柱单元1、立柱单元5之间的主横梁单元10,安装在立柱单元5、立柱单元9之间的主横梁单元11,安装在立柱单元9、立柱单元8之间的主横梁单元12,安装在立柱单元8、立柱单元1之间的主横梁单元13,安装在立柱单元5、立柱单元2之间的主横梁单元14,安装在立柱单元2、立柱单元6之间的主横梁单元15,安 装在立柱单元6、立柱单元9之间的主横梁单元16,安装在立柱单元6、立柱单元3之间的主横梁单元17,安装在立柱单元3、立柱单元7之间的主横梁单元18,安装在立柱单元7、立柱单元9之间的主横梁单元19,安装在立柱单元7、立柱单元4之间的主横梁单元20,安装在立柱单元4、立柱单元8之间的主横梁单元21;还包括结构和安装方式相同的楼板单元22、楼板单元23、楼板单元24、楼板单元25。
如图2所示,立柱单元3仅包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨26,固定在立柱龙骨26上用来支撑主横梁单元17的支撑脚27、用来支撑主横梁单元18的支撑脚28。立柱龙骨为工字钢,工字钢型材为现有型材,可直接取而用之,相对于现有的采用模板成型立柱更加的快捷,同时成本也低。支撑脚27包括固定板29、支承板30及两筋板31,支承板30焊接在固定板29上,支承板30与固定板29成90°角,筋板31置于支承板30的下方与固定板29和支承板30焊接,以提高支撑脚的强度。固定板29焊接在立柱龙骨26的侧面上,支承板30用于支承主横梁单元17。支撑脚28与支撑脚27的结构相同并相互垂直。
如图2所示,立柱单元6与立柱单元3结构不同的是,在立柱单元6上设有三个支撑脚,在立柱单元6与立柱单元3相对的面上还设有支撑脚32。立柱单元8与立柱单元6关于其中心位置的竖直面对称。立柱单元5与立柱单元6的结构相同,其安装关系相对于立柱单元6顺时针旋转180°。立柱单元7与立柱单元5关于其中心位置的竖直面对称。立柱单元9与立柱单元6结构不同的是,在立柱单元9上设有四个支撑脚,在立柱单元9与立柱单元6相对的面上还设有支撑脚(未示出)。
如图2所示,主横梁单元18为边主横梁单元,包括横梁骨架单元,与横梁骨架单元固定的主横梁模板。横梁骨架单元包括二条水平方向阵列的大横截面积的承重方管形型钢横梁大龙骨33,还包括均匀阵列的、置于横梁大龙骨33下方、与横梁大龙骨33垂直、顶面与横梁大龙骨33的底面贴合、与横梁大龙骨33焊接固定、十一条小横截面的方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨34,两条横梁大龙骨33的两端均与相应的最外侧的主横梁小龙骨34的外侧面齐平;还包括分别置于横梁大龙骨33两端的两端板35,两端板35分别与横梁大龙骨33的两端和相应的最外侧的主横梁小龙骨34的外侧面焊接固定。主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板36和垂直底板36的外侧板37,底板36与外侧板37形成L形,底板36的顶面与主横梁小龙骨34的底面贴合,主横梁模板与主横梁小龙骨34、横梁大龙骨33焊接固定,外侧板37的顶面高出横梁大龙骨33的顶面。
如图2所示,主横梁单元17与主横梁单元11的结构不同的是,主横梁单元17包括六条小横截面的方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨(未示出),主横梁单元17的主横梁大龙骨38、主横梁模板39比主横梁单元17的主横梁大龙骨、主横梁模板短,安装关系旋转了90°。
如图2、图4所示,主横梁单元16为中间主横梁单元,与主横梁单元18的结构不同的是,主横梁单元16的主横梁模板40仅为与主横梁单元18的底板36置于同一水平面并与底板36两端齐平的平板。
如图2、图4所示,主横梁单元19为中间主横梁单元,与主横梁单元17的结构不同的是,主横梁单元19的主横梁模板41仅为与主横梁单元17的主横梁模板39的底板置于同一水平面并与主横梁模板39的底板两端齐平的平板。
如图2所示,主横梁单元10、主横梁单元14的结构相同,主横梁单元20、主横梁单元18的结构相同,主横梁单元20与主横梁单元10关于其中心位置的竖直面对称;主横梁单元13、主横梁单元21的结构相同,主横梁单元15、主横梁单元17的结构相同,主横梁单元15与主横梁单元13关于其中心位置的竖直面对称;主横梁单元12、主横梁单元16的结构相同。主横梁单元12、主横梁单元16的结构相同。主横梁单元11、主横梁单元19的结构相同。
如图2、图3图所示,楼板单元24包括网状的楼板骨架单元42和六块结构相同的楼板模板单元43。楼板骨架单元42包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、方管形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨44,固定在纵向型钢大龙骨44顶面上的方管形的上横向型钢龙骨45和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨44底面上的方管形的下横向型钢龙骨46;在纵向型钢大龙骨44的两端的端面上设有悬挂件悬挂件,悬挂件为焊接固定纵向型钢大龙骨44两端的角码47,和连接在角码47的水平部的底面上的方管形型钢横向连接条48;横向连接条48的侧面与角码47的侧面齐平。上横向型钢龙骨45和下横向型钢龙骨46错开排列;下横向型钢龙骨46的端面与楼板模板相应 的侧面齐平,最外侧的两下横向型钢龙骨46的外侧面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平;楼板骨架单元放置在单元格内仅通过连接角码47的横向连接条48支撑在主横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨44上的两连接角码47相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;下横向型钢龙骨46的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。上横向型钢龙骨45的两端均凸出楼板模板,在上横向型钢龙骨45的底面上均焊接连接有型钢纵向连接条49;上横向型钢龙骨45的端面与纵向连接条49相应的侧面齐平,纵向连接条49与横向连接条48的底面齐平。纵向型钢大龙骨44两端连接角码47的横向连接条48的底面分别支撑在主横梁单元16和主横梁单元18的主横梁大龙骨上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨44上的连接角码47相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡。横向型钢龙骨45两端的纵纵向连接条49的底面分别支撑在主横梁单元17和主横梁单元19的主横梁大龙骨上。楼板模板单元43与下横向型钢龙骨46焊接固定。
如图1至图4所示,楼板单元22、楼板单元23、楼板单元24、楼板单元25的楼板模板四周均与相应的主横梁单元的主横梁模板底板置于同一水平面并拼接在一起。组合在一起的所有立柱单元、主横梁单元的主横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌有混凝土,所有全部横梁大龙骨和部分主横梁小龙骨、所有纵向型钢大龙骨和全部上横向型钢龙骨、部分下横向型钢龙骨嵌入混凝土52内,所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土52形成一体的楼板与主横梁。
经过上述组装,楼板单元、横梁单元、立柱骨架单元均为预先组装好的模块结构。
上述建筑结构的施工方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产所有的立柱骨架单元、横梁单元和楼板单元;
在工厂将角码47焊接固定纵向型钢大龙骨44两端,将方管形型钢横向连接条48焊接连接在角码47的水平部的底面上,从而形成楼板单元24的悬挂件;将上横向型钢龙骨45焊接在纵向型钢大龙骨44顶面上,将纵向连接条49焊接连接在上横向型钢龙骨45的底面上;将下横向型钢龙骨46焊接在纵向型钢大龙骨44的底面上;将楼板模板50与下横向型钢龙骨46焊接固定;这样在工厂将楼板单元24的全部构组装成模块结构;其它楼板单元也以同样的方式在工厂从而将楼板单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
在工厂将全部主横梁小龙骨34均匀地焊接在横梁大龙骨33的底面上,再将两端板35分别焊接在横梁大龙骨33的两端,将主横梁模板的底板36和外侧板37与主横梁小龙骨34焊接固定;这样在工厂将主横梁单元18的全部构件组装成模块结构;其它横梁单元也以同样的方式在工厂组装成模块结构;
在工厂将支承板30焊接在固定板29上,支承板30与固定板29成90°角;将两筋板31置于支承板30的下方与固定板29和支承板30焊接,将固定板29焊接在立柱龙骨26的侧面上;固定板29、支承板30及两筋板31形成支撑脚27;用同样的方式将支撑脚28固定在立柱龙骨26上;这样在工厂立柱单元3的立柱骨架单元组装成模块结构;其它立柱骨架单元也以同样的方式在工厂组装成模块结构;
2)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
3)吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定;完成横梁单元安装后,相邻的两横梁单元与相邻的两次横梁单元间形成单元格;
4)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元仅通过焊接在楼板单元的角码底面上的横向连接条支撑在相应的主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨上;组合在一起的立柱骨架单元、主横梁单元的主横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
5)向凹腔内浇灌混凝土52,全部横梁大龙骨和部分主横梁小龙骨、所有纵向型钢大龙骨和全部上横向型钢龙骨、部分下横向型钢龙骨嵌入混凝土52内;混凝土52凝固后,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土52形成一体的楼板与横梁。
如此重复,再完成上一层楼板施工。立柱之间的连接与现有方式相同,在本发明中不论述。
该实施例中,混凝土凝固后,楼板模板和横梁模板不需要拆下来,而是成为建筑结构的 一部分,这样在施工过程中就完全不需要支撑架和脚手架,最大限度提高施工效率。该建筑结构由于横梁没有凸出楼板,形成了暗梁式的板柱结构的建筑结构。
实施例2
如图5所示,与实施例1不同的是,每个楼板单元包括楼板模板70、楼板装饰板71,楼板模板70为需拆卸的金属模板;楼板装饰板71置于下横向型钢龙骨79和楼板模板70的底板之间;楼板装饰板71的周边与楼板模板70的底板周边齐平,楼板装饰板71的底面与楼板模板70的顶面贴合,顶面与下横向型钢龙骨79的底面贴合;在楼板装饰板71朝上的面上设有与楼板装饰板71一体成型的扣式筋条72,倒扣式筋条72嵌入混凝土(未示出)内。
如图6所示,倒扣式筋条72包括从垂直楼板装饰板71的顶面延伸垂直部73和垂直装饰部两侧延伸的平行部74。
如图5所示,每个主横梁单元包括横梁模板75、横梁装饰板76,横梁模板75为需拆卸的金属模板;主横梁装饰板76置于横梁小龙骨77和楼板横梁模板75的底板之间,横梁装饰板76的周边与横梁模板75的底板周边齐平,横梁装饰板76的底面与横梁模板75的底板顶面贴合,顶面与横梁小龙骨77的底面贴合;在横梁装饰板76朝上的面上设有与横梁装饰板76一体成型的扣式筋条78,倒扣式筋条78嵌入混凝土(未示出)内。
如图5所示,楼板模板70、楼板装饰板71通过紧固件(未示出)从下方与楼板骨架单元的下横向型钢龙骨79、纵向型钢大龙骨80固定。所有楼板单元的楼板模板、装饰板均通过紧固件(未示出)从下方与相应楼板单元的楼板骨架单元的下横向型钢龙骨、纵向型钢大龙骨固定。横梁模板75通过紧固件(未示出)从下方与横梁骨架单元的横梁小龙骨77、横梁大龙骨81固定。所有横梁模板通过紧固件(未示出)从下方与横梁骨架单元的横梁小小龙骨、横梁大龙骨固定。
如图5所示,与实施例1不同的是,该实施例建筑结构的施工方法,还包括以下步骤:在混凝土凝固后,将所有用来固定楼板模板、楼板装饰板的紧固件从相应楼板单元的楼板骨架单元的下横向型钢龙骨、纵向型钢大龙骨拆下来,把楼板单元的楼板模板拆下来,楼板装饰板的扣式筋条72嵌入混凝土内使楼板装饰板成为建筑结构的一部分;在混凝土凝固后,将所有用来固定横梁模板、横梁装饰板的紧固件从相应横梁单元的横梁小龙骨、横梁大龙骨拆下来,把横梁单元的横梁模板拆下来,横梁装饰板的扣式筋条78嵌入混凝土使横梁装饰板成为建筑结构的一部分。
实施例3
如图7所示,与实施例1不同的是,所有的横梁骨架单元的横梁大龙骨80为大横截面积的承重工字形型钢。
实施例4
如图8所示,与实施例1不同的是,所有的横梁骨架单元的横梁大龙骨90为大横截面积的承重圆管形型钢。所有的楼板单元的大横截面积的承重纵向型钢大龙骨91为圆管形型钢。
实施例5
如图9至图11所示,与实施例1不同的是,在每两条相邻的纵向的主横梁单元间均安装有两条与主横梁单元平行的次横梁单元101、次横梁单元148。所有横梁骨架单元的结构与实施例1不同。
如图10、图11所示,主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板110和垂直底板110的外侧板111和内侧板112。主横梁单元102为边主横梁单元,包括主横梁骨架单元,与主横梁骨架单元固定的主横梁模板。主横梁骨架单元包括四条结构完全相同、大横截面积的承重圆管形型钢横梁大龙骨103、横梁大龙骨104、横梁大龙骨105、横梁大龙骨106,其中横梁大龙骨103、横梁大龙骨104水平方向阵列,横梁大龙骨105、横梁大龙骨106分别位于横梁大龙骨103、横梁大龙骨104正下方同一水平位置;还包括十一条均匀阵列的、与横梁大龙骨103和横梁大龙骨104垂直、顶面与横梁大龙骨103和横梁大龙骨104的底部焊接固定、底面与横梁大龙骨105和横梁大龙骨106的顶部焊接固定、小横截面的方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨107,横 梁大龙骨103、横梁大龙骨104、横梁大龙骨105、横梁大龙骨106的两端均与最外侧的主横梁小龙骨107的外侧面齐平;还包括十一条均匀阵列的、分别位于主横梁小龙骨107正下方、与横梁大龙骨103和横梁大龙骨103垂直、顶面与横梁大龙骨105和横梁大龙骨106的底部焊接固定、底面与主横梁模板的底板110焊接固定、小横截面的方管形型钢主横梁小龙骨108,横梁大龙骨105、横梁大龙骨106的两端均与最外侧的相应的主横梁小龙骨108的外侧面齐平;还包括分别置于横梁大龙骨103两端的两端板109,两端板109与横梁大龙骨103、横梁大龙骨104、横梁大龙骨105、横梁大龙骨106的两端和相应的最外侧的主横梁小龙骨107、主横梁小龙骨108的外侧面焊接固定。底板110的顶面与主横梁小龙骨108的底面贴合,内侧板112与楼板模板113贴合在一起,内侧板112的顶面与底板110的顶面齐平,并通过焊接将底板110与主横梁小龙骨108固定,外侧板111的顶面高出横梁大龙骨103、横梁大龙骨104的顶面。
如图10、图11所示,主横梁单元114与主横梁单元102的结构不同的是,置于横梁大龙骨115和横梁大龙骨116下方、横梁大龙骨117和横梁大龙骨118上方的主横梁小龙骨119为六条,置于横梁大龙骨117和横梁大龙骨118下方的主横梁小龙骨120为六条;主横梁单元114的主横梁模板121、横梁大龙骨115、横梁大龙骨116、横梁大龙骨117、横梁大龙骨118比主横梁单元102的主横梁模板、横梁大龙骨103、横梁大龙骨104、横梁大龙骨105、横梁大龙骨106短,安装关系旋转了90°。
如图10、图11所示,主横梁单元122为中间主横梁单元,与主横梁单元102的结构不同的是,主横梁单元122的主横梁模板的两侧板123的顶面齐平,两侧板123的顶面与所有楼板模板113的顶面齐平,侧板123与楼板模板113贴合在一起。
如图10、图11所示,次横梁单元101包括次横梁骨架单元和次横梁模板;次横梁骨架单元包括二条阵列的圆管形型钢次横梁大龙骨124,还包括六条阵列的、置于次横梁大龙骨124下方、与次横梁大龙骨124垂直并固定、小横截面的方管形型钢次横梁小龙骨125;还包括分别置于次横梁大龙骨124两端的角码126,角码126的垂直部与次横梁大龙骨124的相应端部和相应的最外侧的次横梁小龙骨125的外侧面焊接固定,角码126的水平部为悬挂件,次横梁骨架单元通过角码126的水平部支撑在横向的主横梁骨架单元102、主横梁骨架单元122上。次横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板127和垂直底板127的两侧板128,次横梁模板的两侧板128的顶面齐平,两侧板128的顶面与楼板模板113的顶面齐平,侧板128与楼板模板113贴合在一起。
如图11所示,在每两两相邻的四个立柱129、立柱130、立柱131、立柱132与依次连接立柱129、立柱130、立柱131、立柱132、立柱129的主横梁单元114、主横梁单元102、主横梁单元133、主横梁单元122形成的单元格内设有三个结构相同的楼板单元100、楼板单元134、楼板单元135。楼板单元100与实施例1楼板单元结构不同的是,楼板单元100包括网状的楼板骨架单元和二块结构相同的楼板模板单元113。楼板骨架单元包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、圆管形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨136,固定在纵向型钢大龙骨136顶部的方管形的上横向型钢龙骨137和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨136底部的方管形的下横向型钢龙骨138;在纵向型钢大龙骨136的两端的端面上设有悬挂件,悬挂件为焊接固定纵向型钢大龙骨136一端的角码139,和连接在角码139的水平部的底部的方管形型钢横向连接条140,另一端的角码141,和连接在角码141的水平部的底部的方管形型钢横向连接条142;横向连接条的侧面140与角码139的侧面齐平,横向连接条的侧面142与角码141的侧面齐平,。上横向型钢龙骨137和下横向型钢龙骨138错开排列;下横向型钢龙骨138的端面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平,最外侧的两下横向型钢龙骨138的外侧面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平;下横向型钢龙骨138的底面与楼板模板113的顶面贴合。上横向型钢龙骨137的两端均凸出楼板模板。楼板单元100放置在单元格内仅通过连接角码139的横向连接条140支撑在主横梁骨架单元122的横梁大龙骨上,通过连接角码141的横向连接条142支撑在主横梁骨架单元102的横梁大龙骨上;上横向型钢龙骨137的一端支撑在主横梁单元114的横梁大龙骨上,另一端支撑在次梁单元101的次横梁大龙骨上。
楼板单元134放置在单元格内仅通过连接角码143的横向连接条144支撑在主横梁骨架单元122的横梁大龙骨上,通过连接角码145的横向连接条146支撑在主横梁骨架单元102的横梁大龙骨上;横向型钢龙骨147的一端支撑在次梁单元101的次横梁大龙骨上,另一端支撑在次梁单元148的次横梁大龙骨上。
楼板骨架单元135放置在单元格内仅通过连接角码149的横向连接条150支撑在主横梁骨架单元122的横梁大龙骨上,通过连接角码151的横向连接条152支撑在主横梁骨架单元102的横梁大龙骨上;横向型钢龙骨153的一端支撑在次梁单元148的次横梁大龙骨上,另一端支撑在主横梁单元133的横梁大龙骨上。
施工方法与实施例1不同的是,在安装完同一单元格的主横梁单元后,将次横梁单元安装在相应的主横梁单元上,再安装模板单元。
该建筑结构横梁154凸出楼板155,形成了明梁式的板柱梁结构的建筑结构。
实施例6
如图12至图14所示,与实施例5不同的是,立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元、立柱模板。在同一高度位置设有两件立柱模板180、立柱模板181。
立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁骨架单元的支撑脚。立柱龙骨单元为四条分布在矩形的四个角上、承重竖向立柱大龙骨182、立柱大龙骨183、立柱大龙骨184、立柱大龙骨185。
立柱骨架单元还包括安装在立柱大龙骨182、立柱大龙骨183与立柱大龙骨185、立柱大龙骨184之间、用来分隔立柱大龙骨182、立柱大龙骨183与立柱大龙骨185、立柱大龙骨184并将同一立柱同一高度的立柱大龙骨182、立柱大龙骨183、立柱大龙骨184、立柱大龙骨185固定在一起的轴线为竖直方向、竖直方向阵列的多个短连接管186,分别焊接在立柱大龙骨182、立柱大龙骨183与立柱大龙骨185、立柱大龙骨184相背的外侧面上的轴线为竖直方向、竖直方向阵列的多个短隔管187、短隔管188,分别焊接在立柱大龙骨184、立柱大龙骨185与立柱大龙骨183、立柱大龙骨182相背的外侧面、并与短隔管188、短隔管187关于其中心位置的竖直面对称的短隔管189、短隔管190;支撑脚为固定在立柱大龙骨184、立柱大龙骨185上的其中短隔管191、短隔管192;立柱模板180通过紧固件(未示出)穿过短隔管189与立柱大龙骨184固定、穿过短隔管190与立柱大龙骨185固定;立柱模板181通过紧固件(未示出)穿过短隔管187与立柱大龙骨182固定、穿过短隔管188与立柱大龙骨183固定。同一高度的的立柱模板180、立柱模板181围成闭合的方管状空腔193,立柱模板180与立柱大龙骨184、立柱大龙骨185相对的侧面间设有间隙,立柱模板181与立柱大龙骨182、立柱大龙骨183相对的侧面间设有间隙。在立柱模板180、立柱模板181的正下方还设有与立柱模板180、立柱模板181横截面结构完全相同的立柱模板194、立柱模板195。立柱模板194通过紧固件(未示出)穿过短隔管189与立柱大龙骨184固定、穿过短隔管190与立柱大龙骨185固定;立柱模板195通过紧固件(未示出)穿过短隔管187与立柱大龙骨182固定、穿过短隔管188与立柱大龙骨183固定。组合在一起的立柱模板180、立柱模板181立柱模板、立柱模板194、立柱模板195在与横梁单元196、横梁单元197配合的位置避空。所有的短连接管、短隔管的轴线为竖直方向,混凝土会充满短连接管和短隔管的管腔;从而增强纵短连接管、短隔管刚性及与混凝土的咬合力,使建筑结构更好,更坚固安全。
组合在一起的所有立柱单元、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔198,所有立柱的立柱模板形成的方管状空腔193与相应楼层的凹腔198连通。在凹腔198内浇灌有混凝土,该层所有全部横梁大龙骨和部分横梁小龙骨、所有纵向型钢大龙骨和全部上横向型钢龙骨、部分下横向型钢龙骨嵌入混凝土199内,在方管状空腔193内浇灌混凝土,所有全部立柱大龙骨、短连接管、短隔管、大连接管的混凝土200嵌入混凝土内混凝土199与混凝土200形成一体结构。所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土、所有的立柱单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、横梁、立柱。
建筑结构的施工方法与实施例1不同的是,在安装楼板单元后,安装立柱模板:将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定;立柱模板形成的方管状空腔193与相应楼层的凹腔198连通;向凹腔198内浇灌混凝土199,向方管状空腔193内浇灌混凝土200;凹腔198内的混凝土199,所有全部横梁大龙骨、部分或全部横梁小龙骨、所有纵向型钢大龙骨、部分或全部横向型钢龙骨嵌入混凝土199内;所有全部立柱龙骨单元嵌入方管状空气193的混凝土内,凹腔198内的混凝土199与方管状空腔193内的混凝土200形成一体结构;混凝土199、混凝土200固后,所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土、所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、横梁、立柱。
实施例7
如图15所示,与实施例6不同的是,所有的楼板单元的大横截面积的承重纵向型钢大龙骨为方管形型钢。所有的横梁骨架单元的横梁大龙骨为大横截面积的承重槽钢,同一水平方向的两条横梁大龙骨开口相对。所有的次横梁骨架单元的次横梁大龙骨为大横截面积的承重槽钢,两条次横梁大龙骨开口相对。
立柱龙骨单元为四条开口相对、结构相同、分布在矩形的四个角上、承重竖向槽钢立柱大龙骨220、立柱大龙骨221、立柱大龙骨222、立柱大龙骨223,和四条位于立柱大龙骨220、立柱大龙骨221、立柱大龙骨222、立柱大龙骨223正下方、横截面结构相同的C形立柱大龙骨225、立柱大龙骨226、立柱大龙骨227、立柱大龙骨228,立柱大龙骨220、立柱大龙骨221、立柱大龙骨222、立柱大龙骨223与相邻的立柱大龙骨225、立柱大龙骨226、立柱大龙骨227、立柱大龙骨228通过大连接管224的四个侧面贴合连接固定。
支撑脚包括固定板229、支承板230及两筋板231,支承板230焊接在固定板229上,支承板230与支承板229成90°角,筋板231置于支承板230的下方与支承板229和支承板230焊接,以提高支撑脚的强度。支承板229焊接在立柱大龙骨227、立柱大龙骨228的侧面上,支承板230用于支承横梁单元232。
建筑结构的施工方法与实施例6不同的是:
在定位安装立柱骨架单元后,安装立柱模板:将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定;同一高度的立柱模板形成管状空腔;向管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;支撑脚上用来支撑横梁大龙骨的支撑面上方的立柱骨架单元未嵌入混凝土内;
吊装装横梁单元;
吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,
组合在一起的立柱模板、横梁模板、楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
向凹腔和未浇灌混凝土的管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元嵌入混凝土内;立柱龙骨单元嵌入管状空腔内的混凝土内,凹腔内的混凝土与管状空腔内的混凝土形成一体结构;混凝土凝固后,所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土、所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、横梁、立柱。
实施例8
如图16所示,与实施例7不同的是,所有的横梁骨架单元的横梁大龙骨为大横截面积的承重L形型钢。同一横梁单元的四条横梁大龙骨250、横梁大龙骨251、横梁大龙骨252、横梁大龙骨253相向排列形成矩形,四条横梁大龙骨250、横梁大龙骨251、横梁大龙骨252、横梁大龙骨253通过长条形的L形型钢254固定,横梁大龙骨253通过多个短方管255与L形型钢254和横梁大龙骨251固定。
所有的立柱单元的立柱大龙骨为承重L形型钢。同一立柱单元的四条立柱大龙骨256、立柱大龙骨257、立柱大龙骨258、立柱大龙骨259相向排列形成矩形,短连接管260与立柱大龙骨256、立柱大龙骨257、立柱大龙骨258、立柱大龙骨259贴合并固定。
实施例9
如图17所示,与实施例6不同的是,楼板骨架单元包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、圆管形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨300,固定在纵向型钢大龙骨300顶部的长条状的最外侧的平板301、平板302和中间位置多条水平阵的平板303,和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨300底部的多条方管形的下横向型钢龙骨304;最外侧的平板301、平板302凸出纵向型钢大龙骨300的端部形成悬挂件。平板303的两端均凸出楼板模板305。楼板单元放置在单元格内仅通过最外侧的平板301支撑在主横梁骨架单元306的横梁大龙骨上,通过最外侧的平板302支撑在主横梁骨架单元307的横梁大龙骨上;平板301的一端支撑在主横梁单元308的横梁大龙骨上,另一端支撑在次梁单元309的次横梁大龙骨上。
实施例10
如图18所示,与实施例6不同的是,楼板骨架单元包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、圆管形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨330,固定在纵向型钢大龙骨330顶部中间位置多条水平阵列的开口朝下的槽钢331,和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨330底部的多条方管形的下横向型钢龙骨332。在槽钢331的底部设有与纵向型钢大龙骨330配合的弧形槽333、与主横梁单元的圆管形型钢横梁大龙骨334配合的弧形槽335、与次横梁单元的圆管形型钢次横梁大龙骨336配合的弧形槽337,槽钢331的两端均凸出楼板模板338。在纵向型钢大龙骨330的两端均焊接有两个关于过纵向型钢大龙骨330的轴线的竖直面对称的异形角码339,在异形角码339的底部设有与纵向型钢大龙骨330配合的弧形部340。楼板单元放置在单元格内仅通过纵向型钢大龙骨330一端的异形角码339支撑在主横梁骨架单元的圆管形型钢横梁大龙骨341上,通过纵向型钢大龙骨330另一端的异形角码339支撑在主横梁骨架单元的的圆管形型钢横梁大龙骨342上;槽钢331的一端支撑在主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨334上,另一端支撑在次梁单元的次横梁大龙骨336上。
实施例11
如图19所示,与实施例6不同的是,楼板骨架单元包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、H形的承重纵向型钢大龙骨360,焊接固定在纵向型钢大龙骨360顶面的多条方管形的上横向型钢龙骨361,和分别焊接固定在每条纵向型钢大龙骨360底面、轴线为水平方向的、多条平行的短垫管362,在每条纵向型钢大龙骨360的两端均焊接有小方钢板363形成悬挂件。上横向型钢龙骨361的两端均凸出楼板模板381。短垫管361的底面与楼板模板381的顶面贴合。楼板模板381通过紧固件(未示出)与短垫管362和纵向型钢大龙骨360固定。在纵向型钢大龙骨360的腹板上均设有多个轴线为水平方向的容置通孔364。
立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元、立柱模板365。立柱骨架单元包括一条H形型钢立柱大龙骨366,分别焊接在立柱大龙骨366的翼缘相背的外侧面上的轴线为竖直方向、竖直方向阵列的多个方管形短隔管367、短隔管368,焊接在立柱大龙骨366上用来支撑主横梁骨架单元的轴线为水平方向的方管形支撑脚369。在立柱大龙骨366的腹板上均设有多个轴线为水平方向的容置通孔370。立柱模板365通过紧固件(未示出)与短隔管368和立柱大龙骨366固定。
主横梁单元包括主横梁骨架单元,与主横梁骨架单元固定的主横梁模板371。主横梁骨架单元包括一条水平方向的大横截面积的承重H形型钢横梁大龙骨372,还包括多个平行的、焊接固定在横梁大龙骨372的底面上、与横梁大龙骨372垂直的、轴线为水平方向的方管形型短垫管373。短垫管373的底面与主横梁模板371的顶面贴合。主横梁模板371通过紧固件(未示出)与短垫管373和横梁大龙骨372固定。在横梁大龙骨372的腹板上均设有多个轴线为水平方向的容置通孔374。在主横梁模板371的底板上设有与立柱单元的支撑脚369配合的避空部375。
次横梁单元包括次横梁骨架单元和次横梁模板376;次横梁骨架单元包括一条H形型钢次横梁大龙骨377,多个平行的、焊接固定在次横梁大龙骨377的底面上、与次横梁大龙骨377垂直的、轴线为水平方向的方管形短垫管378;还包括分别焊接固定在次横梁大龙骨377两端的顶面上的小方钢板379,小方钢板379形成悬挂件。短垫管378的底面与次横梁模板376的顶面贴合。次横梁模板376通过紧固件(未示出)与短垫管378和次横梁大龙骨376固定。在次横梁大龙骨377的腹板上均设有多个轴线为水平方向的容置通孔380。
短垫管362、短垫管373、短垫管378的轴线为水平方向,在浇灌混凝土时,混凝土会充满短垫管;在纵向型钢大龙骨360、立柱大龙骨366、横梁大龙骨372、次横梁大龙骨377的腹板上设容置通孔,在浇灌混凝土时,混凝土会充满容置通孔;从而增强纵向型钢大龙骨360、立柱大龙骨366、横梁大龙骨372、次横梁大龙骨377与混凝土的咬合力,使建筑结构更好,更坚固安全。
实施例12
如图20所示,与实施例7不同的是,所有立柱大龙骨390和所有横梁大龙骨391为C型钢。
本发明中仅示出一层楼层的结构示意图,其它未说明部分,如不同楼层立柱之间的连接 固定、立柱与地基之间的固定等均与现有技术同。
实施例13
如图21、图22所示,一种板柱结构的建筑结构,包括分布在矩形的四个转角位置两两对称的立柱单元401、立柱单元402、立柱单元403、立柱单元404;每层还包括安装在立柱单元401、立柱单元402之间的主横梁单元405,安装在立柱单元402、立柱单元403之间的主横梁单元406,安装在立柱单元403、立柱单元404之间的主横梁单元407,安装在立柱单元404、立柱单元401之间的主横梁单元408;每层还包括楼板单元409。
如图22、图23所示,楼板单元409包括平板状的混凝土的半预制楼板模板层410、部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层410的楼板骨架单元411。楼板骨架单元411包括多条均匀阵列的大横截面积、圆管形的、用来承重的外侧的纵向型钢大龙骨412、中间五条纵向型钢大龙骨413、外侧的纵向型钢大龙骨414,方管形的横向型钢龙骨415,第一横向钢筋416和第一纵向钢筋417,U形连接件418,焊接固定在纵向型钢大龙骨412外侧的悬挂件419、焊接固定在纵向型钢大龙骨414外侧的悬挂件420。
在U形连接件418上设有与横向型钢龙骨415配合的U形槽421。第一横向钢筋416与第一纵向钢筋417固定在一起形成钢筋网,第一纵向钢筋417支撑在横向型钢龙骨415上,第一横向钢筋416置于相邻的两横向型钢龙骨415间,第一纵向钢筋417置于相连的两纵向型钢大龙骨间。U形连接件418悬挂在中间位置的纵向型钢大龙骨413上,横向型钢龙骨415置于纵向型钢大龙骨412下方、安装在U形连接件418的U形槽421内并通过焊接与纵向型钢大龙骨413、U形连接件418固定在一起。
如图26、图27所示,楼板骨架单元411部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层410,第一横向钢筋416和第一纵向钢筋417仅侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层410,横向型钢龙骨415完全嵌入半预制楼板模板层410;承重纵向型钢大龙骨412、纵向型钢大龙骨413、纵向型钢大龙骨414仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层410,U形连接件418仅上方凸出半预制楼板模板层410,悬挂件419、悬挂件420仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层410。
如图22、图24所示,主横梁单元406包括外侧壁422高、内侧壁423低的、U形的混凝土的半预制梁模板层424、部分嵌入半预制梁模板层424的横梁骨架单元430。横梁骨架单元430包括两根开口相对水平排列的C形型钢的横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426,竖向安装在横梁大龙骨425内的加强件427,竖向安装在横梁大龙骨426内的加强件428,方管形套件429。两根横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426穿过方管形套件429,方管形套件429与两根横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426焊接固定连接在一起。
在横梁大龙骨425上设有轴线为水平方向的圆孔431,在横梁大龙骨426上设有轴线为水平方向的圆孔432,增强横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426与混凝土的咬合力,使建筑结构更好,更坚固安全。
如图26、图28所示,横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426、方管形套件429下部分均嵌入半预制梁模板层424,上部分均露出半预制梁模板层424,加强件427、加强件428完全露出半预制梁模板层424,横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426、方管形套件429的顶面高出半预制梁模板层424的内侧壁423的顶面,半预制梁模板层424的外侧壁422的顶面高出横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426、方管形套件429的顶面,横梁大龙骨425和、横梁大龙骨426端部、两端的方管形套件429均凸出半预制梁模板层424的端面;
如图22、图25、图26、图29所示,立柱单元403包括立柱骨架单元433、立柱模板434。立柱骨架单元433包括两根开口相对排列的C形型钢的立柱大龙骨435、立柱大龙骨436,横向安装在立柱大龙骨435内的加强件437,横向安装在立柱大龙骨436内的加强件(未示出),方管形套件439、与楼层相对应的支撑脚440、短隔管441、短隔管442。两根立柱大龙骨435、立柱大龙骨436穿过方管形套件439,方管形套件439与两根立柱大龙骨435、立柱大龙骨436焊接固定连接在一起。支撑脚440分别焊接在立柱大龙骨435和立柱大龙骨436朝向立柱单元402的侧面上。短隔管441竖向阵列焊接在立柱大龙骨435与立柱大龙骨436相背的外侧面上,短隔管442竖向阵列焊接在立柱大龙骨436与立柱大龙骨435相背的外侧面上。
立柱模板434通过紧固件(未示出)穿过短隔管441与立柱大龙骨435固定、穿过短隔管442与立柱大龙骨436固定。在立柱大龙骨435上设有轴线为水平方向的圆孔443,在立柱大龙骨436上设有轴线为水平方向的圆孔444,所有的短隔管441、短隔管442的轴线为竖直方向,混凝土会充满短隔管441、短隔管442的管腔和立柱大龙骨435上的圆孔443、立柱大龙骨436上的圆孔444;从而增强短隔管441、短隔管442刚性及与混凝土的咬合力,增强立柱大龙骨435、立柱大龙骨436与混凝土的咬合力,使建筑结构更好,更坚固安全。
如图22至图29所示,主横梁单元406的一端通过安装在横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426的一端的方管形套件429支撑在立柱单元403与立柱单元402相对的支撑脚440上并与支撑脚440固定;主横梁单元406的另一端通过安装在横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426的另一端的方管形套件429支撑在立柱单元402与立柱单元403相对的支撑脚(未示出)上并与该支撑脚固定。
主横梁单元408的结构与主横梁单元406的结构关于其中心位置的竖直面对称。主横梁单元408的横梁大龙骨445、横梁大龙骨446一端通过方管形套件447支撑在立柱单元401的支撑脚(未示出)上并与该支撑脚固定,另一端通过方管形套件447支撑在立柱单元404的支撑脚(未示出)上并与该支撑脚固定。
主横梁单元405的结构与主横梁单元406的结构仅两横梁大龙骨448、半预制主横梁模板层449长度不同,加强件(未示出)、方管形套件(未示出)的个数不同,安装关系不同。主横梁单元405的两横梁大龙骨448一端通过方管形套件支撑在立柱单元401的支撑脚(未示出)上并与该支撑脚固定,另一端通过方管形套件支撑在立柱单元402的支撑脚(未示出)上并与该支撑脚固定。
主横梁单元407的结构与主横梁单元405的结构关于其中心位置的竖直面对称。主横梁单元407的横梁大龙骨479、横梁大龙骨480一端通过方管形套件481支撑在立柱单元403的支撑脚(未示出)上并与该支撑脚固定,另一端通过方管形套件481支撑在立柱单元404的支撑脚(未示出)上并与该支撑脚固定。
纵向型钢大龙骨412、纵向型钢大龙骨413、纵向型钢大龙骨414的一端支撑在主横梁单元408的横梁大龙骨445、横梁大龙骨446上,另一端支撑在主横梁单元406的横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426上。凸出半预制楼板模板层410第一纵向钢筋417一端位于主横梁单元408的主横梁骨架单元上方,另一端位于主横梁单元406的主横梁骨架单元上方。
纵向型钢大龙骨412上的悬挂件419支撑在主横梁单元405的两主横梁骨大龙骨上,纵向型钢大龙骨414上的悬挂件420支撑在主横梁单元407的两根横梁大龙骨479、横梁大龙骨480上,凸出半预制楼板模板层410第一横向钢筋416一端位于主横梁单元405的主横梁骨架单元上方,另一端位于主横梁单元407的主横梁骨架单元上方。
在立柱单元401、立柱单元402、立柱单元403、立柱单元404与主横梁单元405、主横梁单元406、主横梁单元407、主横梁单元408形成的单元格内安装有的楼板单元409。
组合在一起的立柱单元401、立柱单元402、立柱单元403、立柱单元404、半预制楼板模板层410、四个主横梁单元的半预制梁模板层拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌混凝土,楼板骨架单元、横梁骨架单元完全嵌入混凝土中,主横梁单元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与主横梁。
如22至图36所示,上述建筑结构的施工方法,包括以下步骤:
1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产所有立柱单元、所有横梁骨架单元和所有楼板骨架单元,所有立柱单元、所有横梁骨架单元和所有楼板骨架单元均在工厂完全组装固定在一起;
2)预制半预制楼板模板层和预制横梁单元的半预制横梁模板层;
预制半预制楼板模板层包括以下工艺步骤:
安装楼板模具:
楼板模具包括平板状的楼板底模450、楼板侧模451、楼板侧模452、楼板侧模453、楼板侧模454;
在楼板侧模451上设有与纵向型钢大龙骨412配合的开口朝上的圆弧形状的避空凹槽455,分别与五个纵向型钢大龙骨413配合的五个开口朝上的圆弧形状的避空凹槽456,与纵向型钢大龙骨414配合的开口朝上的圆弧形状的避空凹槽457,分别与第一纵向钢筋417配合的多个开口朝上的U形避空凹槽458;楼板侧模453与楼板侧模451对称,其长度与楼板底模450的宽度相同;
在楼板侧模452上设有分别与悬挂件419配合的多个开口朝上的U形避空凹槽459,分别与第一横向钢筋416配合的多个开口朝上的U形避空凹槽460;楼板侧模454与楼板侧模452对称,其长度与楼板底模450的长度加楼板侧模451与楼板侧模453的厚度之和相同;
先将楼板侧模453通过紧固件固定在楼板底模450的左侧,将楼板侧模451通过紧固件固定在楼板底模450的右侧,楼板侧模451、楼板侧模453的前后两个侧面与楼板底模450的前后两个侧面齐平;再将楼板侧模452通过紧固件固定在楼板底模450的前侧,将楼板侧模454通过紧固件固定在楼板底模450的后侧,楼板侧模452、楼板侧模454的左侧面与楼板侧模453的的左侧面齐平,楼板侧模452、楼板侧模454的右侧面与楼板侧模451的的右侧面齐平;
安装在一起的楼板底模450、楼板侧模451、楼板侧模452、楼板侧模453、楼板侧模454组成楼板模具,楼板模具形成一个开口朝上的凹腔;
将楼板骨架单元411安装在楼板模具的凹腔内;楼板骨架单元411的纵向型钢大龙骨412、纵向型钢大龙骨413、纵向型钢大龙骨414侧向分别穿过相应避空凹槽并支撑在楼板侧模451、楼板侧模453上,且左侧凸出楼板侧模453,右侧凸出楼板侧模451;第一纵向钢筋417穿过相应的避空凹槽,且左侧凸出楼板侧模453,右侧凸出楼板侧模451;与纵向型钢大龙骨412固定的悬挂件419侧向穿过避空凹槽459并支撑在楼板侧模452上,且前侧凸出楼板侧模452;与纵向型钢大龙骨414固定的悬挂件420侧向穿过相应避空凹槽并支撑在楼板侧模454上,且后侧凸出楼板侧模454;第一横向钢筋416穿过相应的避空凹槽,且前侧凸出楼板侧模452,后侧凸出楼板侧模454;
向楼板模具的凹腔内浇灌混凝土形成半预制楼板模板层410,楼板骨架单元411部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层410;
待半预制楼板模板层410干燥后,先将楼板侧模451、楼板侧模452、楼板侧模453、楼板侧模454与楼板底模450分离,再将半预制楼板模板层410与楼板底模450分离;
其它楼板单元的半预制楼板模板层的预制方法于半预制楼板模板层410的预制方法相同;
预制半预制主横梁模板层424包括以下工艺步骤:
安装主横梁模具:
主横梁模具包括L形的主模461、倒L形的的前侧模462、平板状的顶模463、左侧模464、活动右侧模465;主模461、前侧模462和顶模463长度相同;左侧模464包括底壁466、凸设在底壁466上的前侧壁467和后侧壁468;后侧壁468的高度大于前侧壁467的高度;活动右侧模465包括底壁469、凸设在底壁469上的前侧壁470和后侧壁471;后侧壁471的高度大于前侧壁470的高度;前侧模462包括前侧壁476和顶壁477;主模461的L形开口朝前朝上,主模461与水平面平行的壁为底壁472,垂直底壁472的壁为侧壁473;
将左侧模464固定在主模461的左侧面上,底面与主模461的底面齐平,前侧面凸出主模461的底壁472的前侧面,后侧面与主模461的侧壁473的后侧面齐平,底壁466的顶面凸出主模461的底壁472的顶面;
将活动右侧模465固定在主模461的L形开口内,活动右侧模465的前侧壁470的前侧面与主模461的底壁472的前侧面齐平,活动右侧模465在主模461的位置可以调节,从而可预制不同长度的半预制主横梁模板层;
将横梁骨架单元430安装在主模461的L形开口内,横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426的一端通过安装在横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426的端部的方管形套件429支撑在左侧模464的底壁466上,另一端通过安装在横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426的端部的另一方管形套件429支撑在活动右侧模465的底壁469上;
将前侧模462固定在主模461的底壁472的前侧,前侧模462的两端、前侧壁476的底面与主模461的底壁472的两端和底面齐平,顶面凸出主模461的底壁472的顶面,前侧壁476的前侧面与左侧模464的前侧壁467的前侧面齐平;
将顶模463固定在主模461的侧壁473的顶面上,顶模463的两端、后侧面分别与主模461的两端、后侧面齐平,前侧面凸出主模461的侧壁473的前侧面;
安装在一起的主模461、左侧模464、前侧模462、活动右侧模465形成一个开口朝上的向上凹腔474;
先向主横梁模具开口朝上的向上凹腔474浇灌混凝土形成半预制主横梁模板层424的底壁478;安装在一起的主模461、顶模463、左侧模464、活动右侧模465形成一个与向上凹腔474连通的开口向前的侧向凹腔475,旋转主横梁模具使侧向凹腔475开口向上、向主横梁模具侧向凹腔475浇灌混凝土形成半预制主横梁模板层424的侧壁422;安装在一起的主模461、左侧模464、前侧模462、活动右侧模465形成一个与向上凹腔474连通的开口向后的侧向凹腔(未示出),旋转主横梁模具使该侧向凹腔开口向上、向主横梁模具的该侧向凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制主横梁模板层424的侧壁423;
横梁骨架单元430部分嵌入半预制主横梁模板层424;
待半预制主横梁模板层424干燥后,将前侧模462、顶模463、左侧模464、活动右侧模465与主模461分离,再将半预制主横梁模板层424与主模461分离,完成半预制主横梁模板层424的预制;
横梁骨架单元430的所有构件上方凸出主横梁模板层424,横梁骨架单元430的横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426两端凸出半预制主横梁模板层424,最外侧的两个方管形套件429侧向凸出半预制主横梁模板层424;
其它横梁单元的半预制主横梁模板层的预制方法与半预制主横梁模板层424相同;
3)定位安装立柱单元401、立柱单元402、立柱单元403、立柱单元404的立柱骨架单元;
4)吊装横梁单元406,横梁单元406的横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426的端部通过安装在横梁大龙骨425、横梁大龙骨426的端部的方管形套件429分别支撑在立柱单元402、立柱单元403的对应支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定;以同样的方式吊装其它横梁单元;
完成横梁单元安装后,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
5)吊装楼板单元409放置在单元格内,楼板单元409的纵向型钢大龙骨412、纵向型钢大龙骨413、纵向型钢大龙骨414的左端支撑在主横梁单元406的横梁大龙骨上,右端支撑在主横梁单元408的横梁大龙骨上;固定在纵向型钢大龙骨412上的悬挂件支撑在横梁单元405的横梁大龙骨上;固定在纵向型钢大龙骨414上的悬挂件支撑在横梁单元407的横梁大龙骨上;在这个安装过程中,悬挂件不需与横梁大龙骨固定,安装非常方便快捷;
组合在一起的四个立柱单元、四个横梁单元的半预制横梁模板层、楼板单元409的半预制楼板模板层410拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
6)向凹腔内浇灌混凝土,楼板骨架单元、横梁骨架单元完全嵌入混凝土中;混凝土凝固后,横梁单元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
在预制半预制楼板模板层和半预制横梁模板层时,模具保持振动,从而使预制半预制楼板模板层和半预制横梁模板层的厚度均匀,表面平整。
如此重复,再完成上一层楼板施工。立柱之间的连接与现有方式相同,在本发明中不论 述。
实施例14
如图37、图38所示,与实施例13不同的是,在纵向型钢大龙骨490上固定有第二横向钢筋491,在第二横向钢筋491上固定有第二纵向钢筋492。
实施例15
如图39至图41所示,与实施例13不同的是,每个横梁骨架单元500的横梁大龙骨为四根相对排列的L形型钢501、L形型钢502、L形型钢503、L形型钢504;加强件505安装在四根L形型钢501、L形型钢502、L形型钢503、L形型钢504间,四根L形型钢501、L形型钢502、L形型钢503、L形型钢504穿过方管形套件506,方管形套件506将四根L形型钢501、L形型钢502、L形型钢503、L形型钢504焊接连接固定在一起。半预制的主横梁模板层507为L形。
建筑结构的施工方法与实施例13不同的是,主横梁模具的前侧模508为平板状。
实施例16
如图42、43所示,与实施例13不同的是,在最外侧的两根纵向型钢大龙骨511、纵向型钢大龙骨512上不设有悬挂件。
横向型钢龙骨513侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层514,一端伸入横梁单元515的上方,另一端伸入横梁单元516的上方。在楼板模具上原来与悬挂件配合的避空凹槽为与横向型钢龙骨513配合的避空凹槽。
实施例17
如图44所示,与实施例13不同的是,主横梁单元包括横梁骨架单元521、横梁模板522。
横梁模板522为一体式的结构,包括底模523和凸设在底模523上的侧模524、侧模525,侧模525的顶面高出侧模524的顶面。在工厂将横梁骨架单元521和横梁模板522固定在一起。
建筑结构的施工方法与实施例13不同的是,在工厂将横梁模板522固定在横梁骨架单元521上,无半预制横梁模板层,因此无预制半预制横梁模板层工序。
实施例18
如图45所示,与实施例13不同的是,横梁单元包括横梁骨架单元621、横梁模板622。横梁模板622为一体式的结构,包括底模623和凸设在底模623上的侧模624、侧模625,侧模625的顶面高出侧模624的顶面。在工厂将横梁骨架单元621和横梁模板622固定在一起。
楼板单元包括楼板骨架单元626,固定在楼板骨架单元626下方的多块楼板模板627。
建筑结构的施工方法与实施例13不同的是,在工厂将横梁模板622固定在横梁骨架单元621上,无半预制横梁模板层,因此无预制半预制横梁模板层工序。在工厂将楼板模板627固定在楼板骨架单元626上,无半预制楼板模板层,因此无预制半预制楼板模板层工序。

Claims (28)

  1. 一种建筑结构,包括立柱单元、包括主横梁单元的横梁单元、楼板单元;其特征在于:楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板;楼板骨架单元包括承重纵向型钢大龙骨和与纵向型钢大龙骨固定的阵列的横向型钢龙骨,楼板模板与楼板骨架单元固定,楼板模板的顶面与纵向型钢大龙骨的底面设有间隙;横梁单元包括横梁骨架单元,与横梁骨架单元固定的横梁模板,横梁骨架单元包括承重型钢横梁大龙骨,横梁模板的顶面与横梁大龙骨的底面设有间隙;立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的支撑脚;在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端的端面上设有悬挂件,悬挂件为倒L形或反倒L形;楼板单元、横梁单元、立柱骨架单元均为预先组装好的模块结构;主横梁单元两端放置在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定;两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格,在每个单元格内水平放置有一个以上的楼板单元,楼板单元通过悬挂件仅支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;组合在一起的立柱单元、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌有混凝土,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元嵌入混凝土内,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:所述的建筑结构为板柱结构;主横梁单元包括边主横梁单元;边主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的横梁单元的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于横梁单元的横梁大龙骨下方、与横梁单元的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨;边主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的两端;边主横梁单元的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的外侧板,底板与外侧板形成L形,底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合,外侧板的顶面高出主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的顶面,底板与楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:主横梁单元还包括中间主横梁单元;中间主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的横梁单元的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于横梁单元的横梁大龙骨下方、与横梁单元的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨;中间主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的两端;中间主横梁单元的主横梁模板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合与楼板模板齐平并贴合在一起。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:所述的建筑结构为板柱梁结构;主横梁单元包括边主横梁单元;边主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的横梁单元的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于横梁单元的横梁大龙骨下方、与横梁单元的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨;主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的两端;边主横梁单元的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的外侧板和内侧板,底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合,外侧板的顶面高出主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的顶面,内侧板的顶面与楼板模板的顶面齐平,内侧板与楼板模板贴合在一起。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:中间主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的横梁单元的横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于横梁单元的横梁大龙骨下方、与横梁单元的横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢主横梁小龙骨;主横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的两端;中间主横梁单元的主横梁模板包括与水平面平行的底板和垂直底板的两侧板,底板的顶面与主横梁小龙骨的底面贴合,侧板的顶面与楼板模板的顶面齐平,侧板与楼板模板贴合在一起。
  6. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:楼板单元还包括楼板装饰板,楼板模板为需拆卸的金属模板;楼板装饰板置于楼板骨架单元和楼板模板的之间;在楼板装饰板、楼板模板上设有与支撑脚配合的避空部,主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元支撑在支撑脚上;楼板装饰板、楼板模板通过紧固件从下方固定在相应的楼板骨架单元上;在楼板装饰板朝上的面上设有倒扣,倒扣嵌入混凝土内。
  7. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:横向型钢龙骨包括固定在纵向型钢大龙骨顶面上的上横向型钢龙骨和固定在纵向型钢大龙骨底面上的下横向型钢龙骨;悬挂件包括固定纵向型钢大龙骨两端的角码;上横向型钢龙骨和下横向型钢龙骨错开排列;下横向型钢龙骨的端面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平,最外侧的两下横向型钢龙骨的外侧面与楼板模板相应的侧面齐平;楼板骨架单元放置在单元格内仅通过角码的水平部仅支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上两端的角码相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;下横向型钢龙骨的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:悬挂件还包括连接在角码的水平部的底面上的型钢横向连接条;上横向型钢龙骨的两端均凸出楼板模板,在上横向型钢龙骨的底面上均连接有型钢纵向连接条;纵向连接条与横向连接条的底面齐平;纵向连接条和横向连接条的底面支撑在相应的横梁骨架单元上。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:楼板模板可拆卸模板,楼板模板通过紧固件从下方固定在楼板骨架单元上;楼板模板单元包括楼板模板和设置在楼板模板底面固定的加强条。
  10. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:横梁单元还包括次横梁单元;次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元包括二条以上阵列的所述横梁大龙骨,还包括阵列的、置于横梁大龙骨下方、与横梁大龙骨垂直并固定、小横截面的型钢次横梁小龙骨;次横梁单元还包括端板,端板固定在横梁大龙骨的两端;在主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元上设有支撑部或在次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的悬挂件的端面上设有悬挂件,悬挂件为倒L形或反倒L形;次横梁单元为预先组装好的模块结构,次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元支撑在主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的支撑部上或通过次横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的悬挂件支撑在主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元上;次横梁模板与相应的楼板模板拼接,其顶部平面与楼板模板顶部平面齐平。
  11. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:在纵向型钢大龙骨上设有容置混凝土的容置通孔。
  12. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:在每条纵向型钢大龙骨的底面固定有多条轴线为水平方向的的短垫管,短垫管的底面与楼板模板的顶面贴合。
  13. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:立柱单元还包括立柱模板,在同一高度位置设有两条以上立柱模板;立柱龙骨单元包括二条以上阵列的、承重竖向立柱大龙骨;立柱骨架单元还包括安装在立柱大龙骨间、用来分隔立柱大龙骨并将同一立柱同一高度的立柱大龙骨固定在一起的轴线为竖直方向的短连接管,固定在不同立柱大龙骨相背的两个外侧面上的轴线为竖直方向的短隔管;支撑脚固定在立柱大龙骨上;立柱模板与短隔管贴合并固定,同一高度的的立柱模板围城闭合的管状空腔,立柱模板的与立柱大龙骨外相对的侧面间设有间隙;立柱模板在与横梁单元配合的位置避空,立柱模板形成的管状空腔与凹腔连通。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:支撑脚置于立柱模板形成的管状空腔内。
  15. 如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:还包括与横向型钢龙骨固定的钢筋,钢筋包括纵向钢筋、或纵向钢筋和横向钢筋。
  16. 一种建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
    1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、横梁单元和楼板单元;
    生产楼板单元:楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板,将悬挂件固定在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端,将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢龙骨固定在一起,将楼板模板与楼板骨架单 元固定,从而将楼板单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    生产横梁单元:组装横梁骨架单元,将横梁模板固定在横梁骨架单元上,从而将横梁单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    生产立柱骨架单元:将同一根立柱骨架单元的立柱龙骨单元固定在一起,将支撑脚固定在立柱龙骨单元上,支撑脚上支撑主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的面与立柱龙骨单元垂直,从而将立柱骨架单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    2)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
    3)吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定;完成横梁单元安装后,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
    4)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元通过悬挂件仅支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;组合在一起的立柱骨架单元、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
    5)向凹腔内浇灌混凝土,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元嵌入混凝土内;混凝土凝固后,横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
  17. 一种建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于:建筑结构的立柱单元还包括立柱模板,在同一高度位置设有两条以上围成闭合的管状空腔的立柱模板;其特征在于施工方法包括以下步骤:
    1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、横梁单元和楼板单元;
    生产楼板单元:楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板,将悬挂件固定在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端,将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢龙骨固定在一起,将楼板模板与楼板骨架单元固定,从而将楼板单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    生产横梁单元:组装横梁骨架单元,将横梁模板固定在横梁骨架单元上,从而将横梁单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    生产立柱骨架单元:将同一根立柱骨架单元的立柱龙骨单元固定在一起,将支撑脚固定在立柱龙骨单元上,支撑脚上支撑主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的面与立柱龙骨单元垂直,从而将立柱骨架单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    2)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
    3)吊装横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定;完成横梁单元安装后,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
    4)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元仅通过悬挂件仅支撑在横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;组合在一起的立柱模板、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
    5)安装立柱模板:将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定;同一高度的立柱模板形成管状空腔,管状空腔与凹腔连通;
    6)向凹腔和管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;楼板骨架单元和横梁骨架单元嵌入混凝土内;立柱骨架单元嵌入管状空腔内的混凝土内,凹腔内的混凝土与管状空腔内的混凝土形成一体结构;混凝土凝固后,所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土、所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、横梁、立柱。
  18. 一种建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于:1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元、横梁单元和楼板单元;
    生产楼板单元:楼板单元包括网状的楼板骨架单元和楼板模板,将悬挂件固定在纵向型钢大龙骨的两端,将纵向型钢大龙骨与横向型钢龙骨固定在一起,将楼板模板与楼板骨架单元固定,从而将楼板单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    生产横梁单元:组装横梁骨架单元,将横梁模板固定在横梁骨架单元上,从而将横梁单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    生产立柱骨架单元:将同一根立柱骨架单元的立柱龙骨单元固定在一起,将支撑脚固定在立柱龙骨单元上,支撑脚上支撑横梁单元的横梁大龙骨的面与立柱龙骨单元垂直,从而将立柱骨架单元在工厂组装成模块结构;
    2)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
    3)安装立柱模板:将立柱模板与相应的立柱骨架单元固定;同一高度的立柱模板形成管状空腔;向管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;支撑脚上用来支撑横梁大龙骨的支撑面上方的立柱骨架单元未嵌入混凝土内;
    4)吊装主横梁单元放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定;完成横梁单元安装后,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
    5)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元仅通过悬挂件仅支撑在主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元上,固定在同一纵向型钢大龙骨上的两悬挂件相背的两侧被横梁骨架单元抵挡;组合在一起的立柱模板、横梁单元的横梁模板、楼板单元的楼板模板拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
    6)向凹腔和未浇灌混凝土的管状空腔内浇灌混凝土;横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元嵌入混凝土内;立柱龙骨单元嵌入管状空腔内的混凝土内,凹腔内的混凝土与管状空腔内的混凝土形成一体结构;混凝土凝固后,所有的横梁骨架单元、楼板骨架单元与混凝土、所有的立柱骨架单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板、横梁、立柱。
  19. 一种建筑结构,包括立柱单元、主横梁单元、楼板单元;其特征在于:
    楼板单元包括混凝土的半预制楼板模板层、部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层的楼板骨架单元;楼板骨架单元包括阵列的承重纵向型钢大龙骨和安装在纵向型钢大龙骨下方的横向型钢龙骨,与横向型钢龙骨安装在一起的钢筋,钢筋包括第一纵向钢筋、或第一横向钢筋和第一纵向钢筋;钢筋、横向型钢龙骨嵌入半预制楼板模板层,钢筋侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层,横向型钢龙骨侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层或完全嵌入半预制楼板模板层;承重纵向型钢大龙骨仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层;
    横梁单元包括混凝土的半预制横梁模板层、部分嵌入半预制横梁模板层的横梁骨架单元;横梁骨架单元包括承重型钢横梁大龙骨;横梁大龙骨端部凸出半预制横梁模板层的端面;
    立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑主横梁单元的横梁骨架单元的支撑脚;
    楼板单元、横梁单元、立柱骨架单元均为预先组装好的模块结构;横梁单元两端支撑在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定;
    两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
    在每个单元格内水平放置有一个以上的楼板单元,楼板单元通过纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁大龙骨上;侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的纵向型钢大龙骨、钢筋位于横梁单元上方;
    组合在一起的立柱单元、半预制楼板模板层、半预制横梁模板层拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌混凝土,楼板骨架单元、横梁骨架单元完全嵌入混凝土内,横梁单 元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:在最外侧的纵向型钢大龙骨上固定有悬挂件,纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁大龙骨上。采用悬挂件,使楼板单元更好地支撑在横梁单元上。
  21. 如权利要求19所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:横向型钢龙骨凸出半预制楼板模板层;侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的横向型钢龙骨、第一横向钢筋置于横梁单元上方。
  22. 如权利要求19所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:纵向型钢大龙骨为圆管形型钢,横向型钢龙骨为方管形型钢;建筑结构还包括与纵向型钢大龙骨配合的U形连接件,在U形连接件上设有与横向型钢龙骨配合的U形槽;第一横向钢筋与第一纵向钢筋固定在一起形成钢筋网,第一纵向钢筋支撑在横向型钢龙骨上,第一横向钢筋置于相邻的两横向型钢龙骨间,第一纵向钢筋置于相连的两纵向型钢大龙骨间;U形连接件悬挂在纵向型钢大龙骨上,横向型钢龙骨安装在U形连接件的U形槽内并通过焊接与纵向型钢大龙骨、U形连接件固定在一起。
  23. 如权利要求19所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:横梁骨架单元还包括加强件、方管形套件;每个横梁单元的横梁大龙骨为两根开口相对排列的C形型钢;加强件竖向安装在C型钢内,两根C形型钢穿过方管形套件,方管形套件将两根C形型钢连接在一起。
  24. 如权利要求19所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:横梁骨架单元还包括加强件、方管形套件;每个横梁单元的横梁大龙骨为四根相对排列的L形型钢;加强件安装在四根L形型钢间,四根L形型钢穿过方管形套件,方管形套件将四根L形型钢连接在一起。
  25. 如权利要求19所述的一种建筑结构,其特征在于:在纵向型钢大龙骨上安装有第二横向钢筋和第二纵向钢筋。
  26. 一种如权利要求19至25任意一项所述的建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
    1)在工厂按照设计要求生产或标准化生产立柱骨架单元;
    2)预制半预制楼板模板层和预制半预制横梁模板层;
    预制半预制楼板模板层:安装楼板模具,楼板模具包括一个开口朝上的凹腔,在凹腔的侧壁上设有与楼板骨架单元配合的避空部;将楼板骨架单元安装在楼板模具的凹腔内,楼板骨架单元通过避空部侧向凸出楼板模具;向楼板模具的凹腔内浇灌混凝土形成半预制楼板模板层,楼板骨架单元部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层;将楼板模具从半预制楼板模板层上拆卸下来,完成半预制楼板模板层的预制;钢筋仅侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层,横向型钢龙骨仅侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层或完全嵌入半预制楼板模板层;承重纵向型钢大龙骨仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层;
    预制半预制横梁模板层:
    安装横梁模具,横梁模具包括一个开口朝上的向上凹腔和与向上凹腔连通的一个以上的侧向凹腔;将横梁骨架单元安装在横梁模具内;先向横梁模具开口朝上的向上凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的底壁,再旋转横梁模具使侧向凹腔开口向上、向横梁模具侧向凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的侧壁;或先旋转横梁模具使侧向凹腔开口向上、向横梁模具侧向凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的侧壁,再旋转横梁模具使向上凹腔的开口朝上、向向上凹腔浇灌混凝土形成半预制横梁模板层的底壁;横梁骨架单元部分嵌入半预制横梁模板层;最后将横梁模具从半预制横梁模板层上拆卸下来,完成半预制横梁模板层的预制;横梁骨架单元的横梁大龙骨两端凸出半预制横梁模板层的端部;
    立柱骨架单元、横梁单元,楼板单元均在工厂完全组装固定在一起形成模块结构;
    3)定位安装立柱骨架单元,立柱龙骨与水平面垂直;
    4)吊装横梁单元,将主横梁单元的横梁大龙骨放置在立柱骨架单元的支撑脚上并固定;完成横梁单元安装后,两两相邻横梁单元间形成单元格;
    5)吊装楼板单元放置在单元格内,楼板单元通过纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁横梁大龙骨上;组合在一起的立柱单元、横梁单元的半预制横梁模板层、楼板单元的半预制楼板模板层拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔;
    6)向凹腔内浇灌混凝土;混凝土凝固后,同一层的横梁单元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的建筑结构的施工方法,其特征在于:
    楼板模具包括楼板底模和楼板侧模,待半预制楼板模板层干燥后,先将楼板侧模与楼板底模分离,再将楼板底模与半预制楼板模板层分离;
    横梁模具包括开口朝前朝上、包括底壁和侧壁的L形主模、前侧模、顶模、左侧模、右侧模;将左侧模固定在主模的左侧面上,将右侧模固定在主模的右侧;将横梁骨架单元安装在主模的L形开口内,横梁骨架单元骨的一端支撑在左侧模上,另一端支撑在右侧模上;将前侧模固定在主模的底壁的前侧,将顶模固定在主模的侧壁的顶面上;待半预制横梁模板层干燥后,将前侧模、顶模、左侧模、右侧模与主模拆离,再将主模与半预制横梁模板层分离;
  28. 一种建筑结构,包括立柱单元、主横梁单元、楼板单元;其特征在于:
    楼板单元包括混凝土的半预制楼板模板层、部分嵌入半预制楼板模板层的楼板骨架单元;楼板骨架单元包括阵列的承重纵向型钢大龙骨和安装在纵向型钢大龙骨下方的横向型钢龙骨,与横向型钢龙骨安装在一起的钢筋;钢筋包括第一纵向钢筋、或第一横向钢筋和第一纵向钢筋;钢筋、横向型钢龙骨嵌入半预制楼板模板层,钢筋侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层,横向型钢龙骨侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层或完全嵌入半预制楼板模板层;承重纵向型钢大龙骨仅侧向和上方凸出半预制楼板模板层;横梁单元包括横梁骨架单元和固定在横梁骨架单元的横梁模板;横梁骨架单元包括承重型钢横梁大龙骨;横梁大龙骨端部凸出横梁模板的端面;
    立柱单元包括立柱骨架单元,立柱骨架单元包括立柱龙骨单元,固定在立柱龙骨单元上用来支撑横梁骨架单元的支撑脚;
    横梁单元的横梁大龙骨两端支撑在相邻两立柱单元相对的两支撑脚上并与两支撑脚固定;
    纵向型钢大龙骨支撑在横梁大龙骨上;侧向凸出半预制楼板模板层的纵向型钢大龙骨、钢筋位于横梁单元上方;
    在横梁单元形成的每个单元格内放置有一个以上的楼板单元;
    组合在一起的立柱单元、半预制楼板模板层、半预制横梁模板层拼接在一起形成开口向上的凹腔,在凹腔内浇灌混凝土,楼板骨架单元、横梁骨架单元完全嵌入混凝土内,横梁单元、楼板单元与混凝土形成一体的楼板与横梁。
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CN109594700B (zh) * 2018-12-13 2023-12-15 杭萧钢构股份有限公司 一种自带抗剪件u型钢组合梁构件

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