WO2015127766A1 - 自动翻转装置 - Google Patents

自动翻转装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015127766A1
WO2015127766A1 PCT/CN2014/084536 CN2014084536W WO2015127766A1 WO 2015127766 A1 WO2015127766 A1 WO 2015127766A1 CN 2014084536 W CN2014084536 W CN 2014084536W WO 2015127766 A1 WO2015127766 A1 WO 2015127766A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
resistor
elastic element
control system
automatic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/084536
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邓方
吴建成
陈小东
Original Assignee
创乐电子实业(惠州)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 创乐电子实业(惠州)有限公司 filed Critical 创乐电子实业(惠州)有限公司
Priority to KR1020167026767A priority Critical patent/KR20160128367A/ko
Priority to CN201480076552.9A priority patent/CN106062388A/zh
Priority to US15/122,319 priority patent/US20160369550A1/en
Priority to EP14883674.5A priority patent/EP3115630A4/en
Priority to JP2016554657A priority patent/JP2017510734A/ja
Priority to MX2016011179A priority patent/MX2016011179A/es
Publication of WO2015127766A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015127766A1/zh

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/12Pivotal connections incorporating flexible connections, e.g. leaf springs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/611Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings
    • E05F15/616Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings operated by push-pull mechanisms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47KSANITARY EQUIPMENT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; TOILET ACCESSORIES
    • A47K13/00Seats or covers for all kinds of closets
    • A47K13/12Hinges
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/1008Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring parallel with the pivot axis
    • E05F1/1016Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance with a coil spring parallel with the pivot axis with a canted-coil torsion spring
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F1/00Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass
    • E05F1/08Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings
    • E05F1/10Closers or openers for wings, not otherwise provided for in this subclass spring-actuated, e.g. for horizontally sliding wings for swinging wings, e.g. counterbalance
    • E05F1/12Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs
    • E05F1/1207Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring parallel with the pivot axis
    • E05F1/1215Mechanisms in the shape of hinges or pivots, operated by springs with a coil spring parallel with the pivot axis with a canted-coil torsion spring
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F15/00Power-operated mechanisms for wings
    • E05F15/60Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators
    • E05F15/603Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors
    • E05F15/611Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings
    • E05F15/614Power-operated mechanisms for wings using electrical actuators using rotary electromotors for swinging wings operated by meshing gear wheels, one of which being mounted at the wing pivot axis; operated by a motor acting directly on the wing pivot axis
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/40Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/404Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore characterised by the function
    • E05Y2201/416Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore characterised by the function for counterbalancing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/40Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/404Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore characterised by the function
    • E05Y2201/422Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore characterised by the function for opening
    • E05Y2201/426Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore characterised by the function for opening for the initial opening movement
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/40Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefore
    • E05Y2201/47Springs; Spring tensioners
    • E05Y2201/484Torsion springs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2400/00Electronic control; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
    • E05Y2400/10Electronic control
    • E05Y2400/30Electronic control of motors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2400/00Electronic control; Power supply; Power or signal transmission; User interfaces
    • E05Y2400/10Electronic control
    • E05Y2400/44Sensors therefore
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2800/00Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/20Combinations of elements
    • E05Y2800/23Combinations of elements of elements of different categories
    • E05Y2800/236Combinations of elements of elements of different categories of motors and springs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/20Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for furnitures, e.g. cabinets
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO HINGES OR OTHER SUSPENSION DEVICES FOR DOORS, WINDOWS OR WINGS AND DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION, CHECKS FOR WINGS AND WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/50Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles
    • E05Y2900/53Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for vehicles characterised by the type of wing
    • E05Y2900/538Interior lids
    • E05Y2999/00

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of industrial control and automation, and more particularly to an automatic turning device for opening and closing a flip member such as a lid or a door. Background technique
  • Products such as household appliances, automobiles, and the like generally include flip members such as covers or doors. Some flips are manually opened and closed. However, with the development of technology, people are increasingly demanding automation of these products, and it is hoped that flippers such as covers or doors can be automatically opened and closed. In order to achieve the automatic opening and closing of the flipper, many manufacturers have developed flips with automatic opening and closing functions. However, products with such flips on the market are still problematic and cannot fully meet the needs of consumers.
  • existing flippers are mostly driven directly by a motor. If the weight of the flipper is large, a motor with a higher power is required. High-power motors not only generate noise when working, but also consume high energy, are bulky, are inconvenient to assemble, and increase the cost of the overall system. In addition, since the turning moment of the flip member is not linearly changed, when the motor is driven to flip the flip member, the flip member cannot be swiftly flipped smoothly, and the comfort is poor.
  • the existing flipper cannot be automatically stopped under abnormal conditions (such as power failure, motor failure or component failure), but closed downward by gravity.
  • abnormal conditions such as power failure, motor failure or component failure
  • the huge impact when closing will injure the human body and cause a safety accident.
  • the existing flipper also encounters a reaction force during the closing process. It does not stop or rise in the opposite direction, but continues to fall, which can cause injury to the human body and cause a safety accident.
  • a turning mechanism that can be smoothly flipped and operated flexibly and conveniently.
  • a turning mechanism should be able to be driven by a lower power drive mechanism such as a motor, hydraulic motor or pneumatic motor.
  • a turning mechanism should also have a safety function and a fault alarm function.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an automatic turning device for opening and closing a flip member.
  • the automatic inverting device according to the present invention the smooth turning of the inverting member can be realized, and the power and noise of the driving mechanism can be reduced, thereby reducing the production cost.
  • an automatic turning device for opening and closing a flip member
  • the automatic turning device comprising: a base mounted on a device body having the flip member; at least one driving mechanism, The at least one drive mechanism is mounted on the base and coupled to the flipper, the at least one drive mechanism enabling the flipper to automatically move between a closed position and an open position; and at least one resilient element, The at least one resilient element is constructed and mounted to store a predetermined energy when the flipper is in the closed position and to drive the flipper from the closed position to the open position at the at least one drive mechanism The predetermined energy stored by the center is at least partially released, thereby at least partially balancing the weight effect of the flip member during the driving process.
  • the automatic turning device may further include: at least one rotating shaft, and one end of the at least one of the at least one rotating shaft is respectively outputted by the coupling and the output of the at least one driving mechanism a shaft connection, the other end being coupled to the inverting member; and at least one support member, the at least one support member rotatably supporting the at least one rotating shaft on the base.
  • one end of at least one of the at least one rotating shaft is a free end, and the other end is connected to the inverting member.
  • the automatic turning device further includes at least one connecting member for mounting the flip member respectively connected to the other end of the at least one rotating shaft.
  • the number of the at least one support member is twice the number of the at least one rotating shaft, and each of the at least one rotating shaft is supported by the corresponding two supports.
  • the at least one support member is a bearing.
  • the at least one drive mechanism comprises a motor.
  • the automatic turning device further includes at least one elastic component mounting portion, the at least one elastic component mounting portion being respectively fixed to at least one of the at least one first rotating shaft, wherein One ends of at least one elastic member are respectively mounted to the elastic member mounting portion, and the other ends of the at least one elastic member are respectively mounted to the base.
  • the automatic turning device further includes at least one elastic component mounting portion, the at least one elastic component mounting portion being fixed to the at least one first rotating shaft and/or the at least one first At least one of the two rotating shafts, wherein one ends of the at least one elastic member are respectively mounted to the elastic member mounting portion, and the other ends of the at least one elastic member are respectively mounted to the base.
  • At least one elastic member is mounted on one or both sides of each of the at least one elastic member mounting portion.
  • the elastic component mounting portion is a fixed bushing fixedly sleeved on at least one of the at least one first rotating shaft and/or the at least one second rotating shaft, wherein The fixed bushing is provided at its axial sides or on one side with a recess for receiving one end of the elastic member.
  • the elastic member mounting portion is a radial through hole penetrating the rotating shaft, and one end of the elastic member is mounted in the through hole, and the other end is attached to the base.
  • a support member for supporting the rotating shaft is provided on each of both sides of each of the at least one elastic member mounting portion.
  • the at least one elastic member is at least one selected from the group consisting of a torsion spring, a coil spring, and a compression coil spring, or any combination thereof.
  • the automatic turning device further includes a resilient member mounting base mounted on the apparatus body having the flip member or as part of the apparatus body, wherein One end of the at least one elastic member is fixed on the mounting base, The other end rests under at least a portion of the flip member.
  • the at least one elastic member is at least one selected from the group consisting of a leaf spring, a compression coil spring, and a leaf spring or any combination thereof.
  • the at least one drive mechanism (2) comprises a static motor, the static torque of the static motor is twisted, the maximum load torque of the flipper M is reversed by a maximum torque « and the at least The maximum torque of a spring element (8) is M, and the 1 ⁇ element is set to satisfy: M ft rotor maximum torque > M static torque > M Flip piece maximum torque - M Elastic element maximum torque? Thereby the flipper can be stopped at any position within a section between the closed position and the open position.
  • the automatic reversing device further includes a cover, the cover and the base together form a housing defining a confined space, and the at least one driving mechanism is housed in the confined space, wherein The other ends of the at least one rotating shaft respectively protrude to the outside of the housing.
  • the automatic turning device further includes a control system communicably coupled to the drive mechanism, wherein the control system monitors current of the at least one drive mechanism during opening of the flip member, and A fault alarm is issued when the current of the at least one drive mechanism is above a first predetermined threshold.
  • control system also monitors the at least one drive mechanism current during the flipping of the flipper, and issues when the current of the at least one drive mechanism is below a second predetermined threshold Fault alarm.
  • control system monitors the current of the at least one drive mechanism during the closing of the flip member, and the current in the at least one drive mechanism is higher than a third predetermined threshold A safety alert is issued and the flipper is driven toward the open position by the at least one drive mechanism.
  • control system is communicatively coupled to an external main control system via a connector disposed externally of the base.
  • the automatic turning device further includes a control system coupled to the motor of the at least one drive mechanism, and comprising: a controller communicatively coupled to the external main control system To the motor, to control the motor according to a signal of an external main control system, the controller comprising at least two AD converters; and a signal collecting circuit, the signal collecting circuit comprising: a first resistor One end of the first resistor is connected to one of the at least two AD converters, and the other end is connected to a power input end of the motor Connected to collect voltage or current signals of the motor; a second resistor, one end of the second resistor (R3) is connected to another AD converter of the at least two AD converters, and the other end Connected to a ground end of the motor; and a milliohm resistor, the other end of the first resistor is connected to one end of the milliohm resistor, and the other end of the milliohm resistor is connected to the motor The ground terminal is connected, wherein the controller performs the first resistor is
  • the ground of the motor and the ground of the controller are on separate ground.
  • the signal collecting circuit further includes a parallel connection between the other end of the first resistor and a ground end of the motor connected in parallel with the milliohm resistor Capacitor.
  • the one end of the first resistor is further connected to one end of the filter circuit, the other end of the filter circuit is connected to a ground end of the controller, and the second resistor The one end of the filter is connected to one end of another filter circuit, and the other end of the other filter circuit is connected to the ground of the controller.
  • a control system for controlling operation of a motor comprising: a controller communicatively coupled to an external main control system and coupled to the motor to be externally a signal of the control system controls the motor, the controller includes at least two AD converters; and a signal collection circuit, the signal collection circuit includes: a first resistor, one end of the first resistor is connected And one of the at least two AD converters, the other end of which is connected to the power input end of the motor for collecting voltage or current signals of the motor; the second resistor, the second resistor One end of the device is connected to the other AD converter of the at least two AD converters, the other end is connected to the ground end of the motor; and the milliohm resistor is connected to the other end of the first resistor To one end of the milliohm resistor, the other end of the milliohm resistor is connected to a ground end of the motor, wherein the controller collects two AD converters Two differential signal processing, to eliminate the interference
  • the ground of the motor and the ground of the controller are on separate ground.
  • the signal collecting circuit further includes a parallel connection between the other end of the first resistor and a ground end of the motor connected in parallel with the milliohm resistor Capacitor.
  • the one end of the first resistor is further connected to one end of the filter circuit, the other end of the filter circuit is connected to a ground end of the controller, and the second resistor The one end of the filter is connected to one end of another filter circuit, and the other end of the other filter circuit is connected to the ground of the controller.
  • the elastic member for example, a torsion spring or a leaf spring
  • the elastic member stores a predetermined energy when the flip member is in the closed position, and stores the predetermined energy during the opening of the flip member. At least partially released, thereby reducing the torque when the motor drives the flipper open, while at the same time allowing the flipper to open smoothly. Therefore, a smaller power motor can be used, which reduces production costs.
  • the noise is also compared, thereby further improving the comfort of the operating environment.
  • the control system can immediately issue a command to reverse the motor to achieve the anti-pinch function.
  • the control system can give an instruction instantaneously, causing the flipper to flip up and open.
  • the final position is reached, the movement is stopped, and the main body of the device is issued an alarm, thereby greatly improving the safety performance of the device and greatly improving the market competitiveness and brand image of the enterprise.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an automatic turning device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an automatic reversing device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, showing an example in which a fixed bushing and a torsion spring are mounted on only one rotating shaft;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an automatic turning device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing an automatic reversing device according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, showing an indication that a fixed bushing and a torsion spring are respectively mounted on two rotating shafts. example;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an automatic turning device according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view showing an automatic turning device according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in which a fixed bushing and two torsion springs are mounted on one rotating shaft and one is mounted on the other rotating shaft.
  • a fixed bushing and a torsion spring An example of a fixed bushing and a torsion spring.
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view showing an automatic turning device according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing the automatic turning device according to still another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, showing an example in which one fixed bushing and two torsion springs are mounted on both rotating shafts.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing an automatic turning device according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention, wherein the solid line shows the cover in a closed position, at which time the elastic member stores a predetermined energy;
  • Figure 10 shows an alternative installation of the torsion spring
  • Fig. 11 shows a specific example of the elastic member mounting portion and the elastic member, wherein in Fig. 11 (a), the torsion spring is in a state of storing a predetermined energy, and in Fig. 11 (b), the torsion spring is in a state of releasing a predetermined energy. ;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of the control system 9
  • Figure 13 is a specific circuit diagram for controlling the operation of the automatic reversing device according to the present invention.
  • Figure 14 shows the three operating states of the motor. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an automatic turning device 100 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the automatic turning device 100 is for moving the flip member to be mounted between an open position and a closed position. As shown in Fig. 2, the flip member can be attached to the automatic reversing device 100 via the connector 5.
  • the automatic reversing device 100 includes a housing 1 composed of a base 11 and a cover 12.
  • the base 11 can be secured to the body of the device having a flip (not shown) or as part of the body of the device.
  • Covering the lid 12 on the base 11 defines a confined space within the housing 1.
  • a motor, a rotating shaft, a torsion spring, and the like (described later) of the automatic turning device 100 are housed in the sealed space. Since the components of the automatic reversing device 100 are housed in the sealed space, foreign matter such as dust and water can be prevented from entering the casing 1, and the operating noise of the motor or the like can be reduced.
  • a seal (not shown) may be provided between the base 11 and the cover 12.
  • the seal can take any form, such as a seal or sealant.
  • the base 11 and the cover 12 When the base 11 and the cover 12 are assembled to define the housing 1 having a sealed space, the base 11 and the cover 12 may define openings or holes at both ends for mounting the bearing 6 which will be described later.
  • the rotating shaft 3 of the automatic turning device 100 is extended via a bearing 6 mounted in the opening or hole to be connected to the connecting member 5.
  • the connecting member 5 is mounted on a rotating shaft 3 which projects from the casing 1.
  • the connecting member 5 is for mounting a flip member (not shown) to be driven, such as a rotating mechanism such as a cover, a cover or a door.
  • a flip member not shown
  • the connecting member 5 shown in the drawing is merely an example for connecting the flip member to be turned over, and different connecting members 5 can be drawn depending on the shape of the flip member and the installation space.
  • Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 show the case where the two connecting members 5 are used to mount the flip member to be driven, however, three or more connecting members may be used depending on actual needs.
  • the shaft 3 can be connected to the connector 5 in any suitable manner.
  • the rotating shaft 5 can be connected to the connecting member 5 by a key connection, a spline connection or the like.
  • the automatic reversing device 100 includes a drive mechanism 2 that is mounted in the base 11.
  • the drive mechanism 2 can be mounted in the base 11 in any suitable manner.
  • the output shaft of the drive mechanism 2 is coupled to one end of the rotary shaft 3 via a coupling 4.
  • the shaft 3 is supported on the base 11 via a bearing 6.
  • the other end of the rotary shaft 3 is connected to the connecting member 5 for mounting the flip member.
  • the drive mechanism 2 includes a motor and a reduction gear box (not shown).
  • the reduction gearbox is used to reduce the high speed of the motor output to a low speed suitable for driving the shaft 3.
  • the reduction gear box may include a first reduction gear and a second reduction gear, the first reduction gear is coupled to the output shaft of the motor and meshed with the second reduction gear, and the second reduction gear is coupled to the output shaft of the drive mechanism,
  • the number of teeth of the first reduction gear is less than the number of teeth of the second reduction gear to reduce the high rotational speed of the motor output.
  • the gear ratio of the first reduction gear and the second reduction gear can be determined according to the desired inversion and opening speed of the flip member.
  • the drive mechanism 2 can also include only the electric motor, that is, the drive shaft 3 is directly driven by the motor.
  • the power and the number of the motor can be appropriately selected in accordance with the load torque of the flip member (e.g., the weight of the flip member), the friction force, the preset torque of a torsion spring (a preferred example of the elastic member) which will be described later, and the like.
  • the load torque of the flip member e.g., the weight of the flip member
  • the friction force e.g., the friction force
  • the preset torque of a torsion spring a preferred example of the elastic member
  • the drive mechanism 2 uses a motor as a drive source
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • Other drive sources can be selected depending on the application.
  • a hydraulic motor, a pneumatic motor or the like can be used as the drive source.
  • the output shaft of the drive mechanism 2 is connected to one end of the rotary shaft 3 via a coupling 4.
  • a sleeve coupling can be used.
  • the sleeve coupling uses a common sleeve and couples the output shaft of the drive mechanism 2 and the rotary shaft 3 by rigid members such as keys and splines.
  • the sleeve coupling has the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacture and low cost, which can fully meet the requirements of the present invention.
  • other types of couplings can also be used depending on the application, such as universal joint couplings, flange couplings, and the like.
  • the shaft 3 is supported on the base 11 by means of two bearings 6. Preferably, one of the bearings is mounted within an opening or aperture defined by the base 11 and the cover 12.
  • the rotary shaft 3 projects from the housing 1 through a bearing mounted in the opening or hole to be connected to the connecting member 5 for mounting the flip member.
  • each of the rotary shafts 3 is supported by two bearings 6 is shown.
  • the bearing 6 is preferably mounted in an opening or hole defined by the base 11 and the cover 12.
  • the shaft 3 is long, it is preferable to support the shaft 3 on the base 11 using two or more bearings 6.
  • Figure 2 shows two drive mechanisms 2 (one is indicated by a solid line and the other by a dashed line). However, it is possible to use only one of the drive mechanisms. Of course, if one drive mechanism 2 is not sufficient to drive the flipper to flip, the two or more drive mechanisms 2 shown in Fig. 2 can be used. In the case of the two drive mechanisms 2 shown in FIG. 2, one drive mechanism 2 and its corresponding coupling 4, bearing 6, shaft 3 and another drive mechanism 2 and their respective couplings 4, The bearing 6 and the rotating shaft 3 are arranged in mirror symmetry. If three or more drive mechanisms 2 are used, a third drive mechanism 2 and its corresponding coupling 4, bearing 6, shaft 3 and for the arrangement of the two drive mechanisms 2 shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 2 shows the case where the flip member is turned upside down about the horizontal axis. However, the above description is equally applicable to the case where the flip member is turned left and right around the vertical axis.
  • the automatic reversing device 100 further includes a fixed bushing 7 (an example of an elastic member mounting portion) and a torsion spring 8 (an example of an elastic member).
  • the fixed bushing 7 is fixed to the rotating shaft 3 to rotate with the rotating shaft 3.
  • One end of the torsion spring 8 is attached to the fixed bushing 7, and the other end is attached to the base 11.
  • the fixed bushing 7 and the torsion spring 8 are fixed to the rotating shaft 3 on the left side.
  • the fixed bushing 7 and the torsion spring 8 can also be fixed to the right shaft 3, regardless of whether the shaft 3 is connected to the drive mechanism 2 (that is, whether it is a drive mechanism (shown by a solid line) or
  • the fixed bushing 7 and the torsion spring 8 can be fixed to any one of the rotating shafts 3 by using two driving mechanisms.
  • Fig. 14 shows a specific exemplary structure of the fixed bushing 7.
  • the fixed bushing 7 has a central through hole through which the rotating shaft 3 is inserted.
  • the fixed bushing 7 can be fixed to the rotating shaft 3 by a pin or a key or a spline (not shown) to rotate with the rotating shaft 3.
  • the fixed bushing 7 can also be fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 3 in other ways, for example, the rotating shaft 3 and the fixed bushing 7 can be die-cast into one part.
  • the fixed bushing 7 has a U-shaped recess on one or both sides in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 3 (only one side has a U-shaped recess in FIG. 14), and one end of the torsion spring 8 is accommodated in the U In the recessed portion, the leg at the one end is on the side of the U-shaped recess, and the other end is placed on the base 11.
  • the example of the elastic member mounting portion is not limited to the fixed boss 7.
  • the rotary shaft 3 is provided with a radial through hole penetrating the rotary shaft 3, and the leg at one end of the torsion spring 8 can be inserted into the radial through hole, and the leg at the other end is attached to the base 11.
  • the torsion spring 8 can be fixed by other means according to actual needs.
  • the torsion spring 8 is stored with a predetermined energy (for example, elastic potential energy (torque, torque)), when the driving mechanism 2 (for example, the motor) turns the flipping member from the closed position During the opening of the position drive, the predetermined energy stored by the torsion spring 8 is released, thereby balancing the weight effect of the flip member mounted to the connector during the driving process. That is, during the opening process, the flip member is driven from the closed position to the open position by a combination of the driving torque of the drive mechanism 2 and the torque of the torsion spring.
  • a predetermined energy for example, elastic potential energy (torque, torque)
  • the drive mechanism 2 having a smaller power can be used than in the case where the torsion spring 8 is not used.
  • a motor with a lower power can be used. Due to the smaller motor power, the noise generated during motor operation can be further reduced, and the operating environment can be improved. Fitness. In addition, the cost of the entire system is reduced due to the use of low power motors.
  • the flipping member can be flipped more smoothly and smoothly (i.e., opened and closed) by the cushioning action of the torsion spring.
  • the predetermined energy stored by the torsion spring 8 when the flip member is in the closed position can be set such that when the flip member is in the closed position, the predetermined energy stored by the torsion spring 8 is not sufficient to open the flip member alone. That is, in the case where the drive mechanism has no driving action on the flip member, the predetermined energy stored by the torsion spring 8 cannot open the flip member.
  • the torsion spring 8 at least partially releases its stored predetermined energy, whereby the weight effect can be at least partially during the movement of the flip member to the open position
  • the ground is balanced by the predetermined energy of the torsion spring 8, thereby reducing the driving power required for the motor of the drive mechanism.
  • the torsion spring 8 still retain at least a portion of the pre-stored energy (elastic potential energy) when the flipper reaches the open position.
  • the torsion spring 8 can maintain a certain degree of tension with its residual torque.
  • the torsion spring is configured and mounted to store the predetermined energy when the flip member is in the closed position and to at least partially store the stored predetermined energy during the driving of the flip member from the closed position to the open position by the at least one drive mechanism Release, thereby at least partially balancing the opening resistance of the flip member during the driving process.
  • the specific workload weight of the flip member, friction, etc.
  • the angle of flip of the flip member and the desired predetermined stored energy (e.g., elastic potential energy).
  • the various design parameters of the spring thus satisfy the above requirements of the present invention.
  • T' E*d 4 /(3367*D*n) (N.mm/(°)) ( 1 )
  • E is the modulus of elasticity
  • d is the wire diameter
  • D is the median diameter of the torsion spring
  • n is the effective number of turns.
  • Torque elastic potential energy
  • the static torque M of the static motor of the at least one drive mechanism may be twisted, the maximum load torque M of the flip member is maximized, and the at least one elastic member (eg, twisted The maximum torque M ⁇ ⁇ torsion of the spring, etc.
  • the flipper can be caused to stop at any position within a predetermined interval between the closed position and the open position.
  • the flipper is C degrees when it is in the closed position (C can generally be 0 degrees, for example), and is P degree (relative to the closed position) when it is in the fully open position
  • the range of the predetermined interval can be, for example, from (C+X) ) degrees to (PY) degrees.
  • X may be from 1 to 20 degrees, preferably from 5 to 15 degrees
  • Y may be from 1 to 20 degrees, preferably from 5 to 15 degrees.
  • X, Y can also take other values so that different predetermined intervals can be defined.
  • the flip member When the flip member is in the horizontal position, the flip member has the maximum load torque, and the elastic member (e.g., the torsion spring) has the largest torque in the closed position, and stores the maximum torque, i.e., stores the predetermined energy.
  • the elastic member e.g., the torsion spring
  • the predetermined energy that the elastic member needs to store when the flip member is in the closed position can be determined in a similar manner.
  • the elastic member and the elastic member mounting portion may be in other forms.
  • a coil spring can be used in addition to the torsion spring.
  • the inner end of the coil spring can be directly fixed to the rotary shaft 3, and the other end can be fixed to the base 11.
  • a part of the rotary shaft 3 serves as an elastic member mounting portion.
  • the coil spring stores the predetermined energy when the flip member is in the closed position, and releases the stored predetermined energy during the driving mechanism 2 to drive the flip member from the closed position to the open position, thereby at least partially balancing the flip The opening resistance or weight effect of the piece.
  • the predetermined energy that the coil spring needs to store can be determined by determining the manner in which the torsion spring stores the predetermined energy.
  • a compression coil spring can also be selected.
  • one end of the compression spring is fixed to the fixed bushing 7, and the other end is fixed to the base 11.
  • the compression spring is mounted to store the predetermined energy when the flip member is in the closed position and to release the stored predetermined energy during the drive mechanism 2 to drive the flip member from the closed position to the open position, thereby at least partially balancing the flip The weight of the piece. Therefore, the compression coil spring and the coil spring can perform the same action and effect as the torsion spring.
  • the elastic member mounting portion in addition to the above-described fixed bushing 7, other forms can be used.
  • the elastic component mounting portion For example, one end of a U-shaped plate member having a shape conforming to the shape of the rotating shaft 3 may be welded or twisted to the rotating shaft in another manner, and a hole may be provided at the other end.
  • One end of the elastic member such as a torsion spring may be fixed to the hole, and the other end may be fixed to the base 11.
  • the torsion spring 8 can be fitted over the rotating shaft 3. a fixed way.
  • the automatic turning mechanism 100 further includes a control system 9, and the control system 9 is coupled to the drive mechanism 2 and is coupled to the external main control system via the connector 9.
  • the control system 9 will be described in detail later.
  • the drive mechanism 2 When the control system 9 receives the start signal from the external main control system, the drive mechanism 2 is activated. At this time, the flip member is in the closed position, and the torsion spring 8 stores the predetermined energy.
  • the driving mechanism 2 drives the rotating shaft 3 to rotate through the coupling 4, and under the action of the bearing 6, the rotating shaft 3 rotates smoothly, and the rotating shaft 3 drives the connecting member 5 and the turning member to reverse. Since the fixed bushing 7 is fixed to the rotating shaft 3, the fixed bushing 7 rotates together with the rotating shaft 3. As the fixed bushing 7 rotates, the predetermined energy stored by the torsion spring 8 is gradually released, thereby balancing the weight of the flipper.
  • the torque of the rotating shaft driven by the driving mechanism 2 can be made small, so that a low-power driving mechanism can be used, thereby reducing the noise of the driving mechanism.
  • the motor of the drive mechanism can operate under a small load, stability is ensured, thereby improving the reliability of the product and enabling the flipper to smoothly flip.
  • the inverting member can be stopped at any position within the above-described one interval between the closed position and the open position.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 4 shows an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the automatic turning mechanism 101 shown in Figs. 3 and 4 is substantially the same as the automatic turning mechanism 100 shown in Figs. 1 and 2, except that the automatic turning mechanism 101 of Figs. 3 and 4 has two torsion springs 8.
  • a fixed bushing 7 and a corresponding torsion spring 8 are mounted on the rotating shaft 3 on the left side and the rotating shaft 3 on the right side.
  • the mounting manner of the fixed bushing 7 and the torsion spring 8 is the same as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and will not be described again.
  • Two bearings 6 are mounted on both sides of the fixed bushing 7 and the torsion spring 8, respectively, and the bearing 6 rotatably supports the rotating shaft 3 in the base 11.
  • the right shaft 3 becomes the driven shaft of the flip member.
  • the specific design parameters of the torsion spring 8 are also determined in accordance with the weight (work load) of the flip member, the center of gravity, the flip angle of the flip member, and the like.
  • the two torsion springs 8 do not have to have the same design parameters, as long as their combination can store the predetermined energy when the flipper is closed and at least partially store the predetermined energy stored during the drive mechanism driving the flipper from the closed position to the open position. Release, thereby balancing the weight of the flipper during the driving process.
  • the torsion spring may not be completely used, but any combination of a torsion spring, a coil spring, and a compression coil spring may be used.
  • Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 shows an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the automatic turning mechanism 102 shown in Figs. 5 and 6 is substantially the same as the automatic turning mechanism 101 shown in Figs. 3 and 4, except that the automatic turning mechanism 102 of Figs. 5 and 6 has three torsion springs 8.
  • a fixed bushing 7 is mounted on the left shaft 3, and a torsion spring 8 is attached to each side of the fixed bushing 7.
  • a fixed bushing 7 is mounted on the right shaft 3, and a torsion spring 8 is attached to the right side of the fixed bushing 7.
  • the fixing boss 7 and the torsion spring 8 in this embodiment are mounted in the same manner as in the embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • only one drive mechanism 2 can be used (for example as shown by the solid line)
  • the drive mechanism it is also possible to use two or more drive mechanisms 2.
  • a drive mechanism 2 for example, a drive mechanism shown by a solid line
  • the sleeve 7 is fixed and a torsion spring 8 is provided.
  • Other mounting methods are conceivable by those skilled in the art, for example, three torsion springs 8 are mounted on the left side of the shaft 3 or the right side of the shaft 3.
  • the automatic flip mechanism 102 operates in the same manner as the automatic flip mechanism 100.
  • the automatic turning device 103 of the present invention will be described below with reference to Figs. 7 and 8.
  • Fig. 7 shows a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 8 shows an exploded perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the automatic turning mechanism 103 shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is substantially the same as the automatic turning mechanism 101 shown in Figs. 3 and 4, except that the automatic turning mechanism 103 of Figs. 7 and 8 has four torsion springs.
  • two torsion springs 8 are provided on the left side shaft 3 and the right side shaft 3.
  • the fixed bushing 7 on the left side is fixedly mounted on the left shaft 3 between the two bearings 6 on the left side.
  • Two torsion springs 8 are respectively mounted on the two sides of the fixed bushing 7 in the above manner, that is, one ends of the two torsion springs 8 are respectively mounted in the U-shaped recess of the fixed bushing 7, and the other ends are respectively mounted to the base.
  • the fixed bushing 7 on the right side is fixedly mounted on the right shaft 3 between the two bearings 6 on the right side.
  • Two torsion springs 8 are fixed on the two sides of the fixed bushing 7 in the above manner, that is, one ends of the two torsion springs 8 are respectively mounted in the U-shaped recess of the fixed bushing 7, and the other ends are respectively mounted to the base. 11.
  • the four torsion springs 8 can be mounted on the left shaft 3 or the right shaft 3. Other mounting methods are also within the scope of the invention.
  • the four torsion springs do not have to be identical, and different types of elastic members or a combination thereof may be selected depending on actual needs.
  • different combinations of torsion springs, coil springs, and compression coil springs can be used, and the above effects and effects can be achieved as well.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an automatic flip mechanism 104 in accordance with an alternative exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the automatic turning mechanism 104 differs from the automatic turning mechanisms 100 to 103 shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 in the type of elastic member and its arrangement position.
  • the leaf spring 42 is used as the elastic member, and the elastic member is not disposed on any of the rotating shafts 3, but is disposed on the elastic member mounting base 41.
  • the elastic member mounting base 41 may be mounted on or as part of the apparatus body having the flip member. As shown in FIG. 9, one end of the leaf spring 9 is fixed to the elastic member mounting base 41.
  • the leaf spring 9 can be secured to the mounting base by any suitable means, such as welding, riveting, bolting or screwing, and the like.
  • the other end of the leaf spring 9 abuts against the cover plate 43 (an example of the flip member).
  • a projection against which the leaf spring 42 abuts can be provided under the cover plate 43.
  • the leaf spring 42 can directly abut against the cover plate 43.
  • the cover plate 43 is opened and closed by the drive of the drive mechanism 2 (not shown in Fig. 9).
  • the leaf spring 42 is stored with a predetermined energy.
  • the drive mechanism 2 drives the cover plate 43 from the closed position to the open position (the position shown by the broken line in Fig. 9)
  • the predetermined energy stored by the leaf spring 42 is released, thereby balancing the weight effect of the flip member.
  • the predetermined energy may be set such that the leaf spring 42 at least partially releases the predetermined energy stored therein during movement of the cover plate 43 from the closed position to the open position. However, it is preferred that the leaf spring 42 does not fully return to its free state when the cover plate 43 is in the open position. Thus, it is ensured that the leaf spring 42 is properly tensioned and firmly abuts against the cover plate 43.
  • the turnover of the flip member can be calculated based on the weight and center of gravity of the flip member, and the remaining energy that the leaf spring 42 needs to store according to the flip angle of the flip member, the predetermined energy that the leaf spring 42 needs to store when the flip member is in the closed position, and the remaining energy of the leaf spring 42 when the flip member is in the fully open position. To determine the parameters of the leaf spring 42.
  • leaf spring 42 An example of using the leaf spring 42 is shown in FIG. However, in addition to the leaf spring 42, a compression coil spring, a leaf spring, or the like can be used. Of course, any combination of a leaf spring, a compression coil spring, and a leaf spring can also be used.
  • the automatic reversing device 100 further includes a control system 9.
  • the control system 9 is communicatively coupled to the drive mechanism 2 and an external main control system (e.g., the main control system of the device having the flip member).
  • the control system 9 receives signals from an external main control system (such as start signals, reset signals, or other signals), analyzes and processes the external input signals, and then issues control commands to control the operation of the motor of the drive mechanism. For example, the motor rotates forward to turn the flipper off, and the motor reverses to turn the flipper open.
  • the control system 9 also monitors the current of the motor. If the current is abnormal, a protection control signal is issued and the motor is controlled accordingly.
  • control system 9 is communicatively coupled to an external main control system via a connector 10 located external to the housing 1.
  • the flip member is in the closed position, and the torsion spring 8 stores the predetermined energy.
  • the control system 9 begins to operate.
  • the control system 9 receives the start signal from the external main control system, the control system 9 begins to control the drive mechanism 2.
  • the control system 9 receives an instruction to open the flipper, the control system 9 controls the drive mechanism 2 to turn the flipper on.
  • the control system 9 monitors the current of the motor of the drive mechanism 2. If the control system 9 detects that the current of the motor exceeds the first predetermined threshold, this indicates that the drive torque of the motor is greater than the drive torque at the time of normal drive. This means that the predetermined energy stored by the torsion spring 8 during the opening of the flip member is not correctly released, that is, the torsion spring 8 is malfunctioning (the torsion spring fails or falls off), so that the flip member is not overcome during the opening process. the weight of. In this case, the control system 9 issues an alarm. Alarms can be sent in the form of sound or light (LED).
  • control system 9 also detects the current of the motor during the closing of the flip member. If the motor current is lower than the second predetermined threshold, it indicates that the torsion spring 9 does not buffer the closing action of the flip member during the closing process, so that the predetermined energy cannot be stored by the weight of the flip member, and thus the torsion spring 9 is judged. A fault has occurred (failed or dropped). In this case, the control system 9 issues an alarm.
  • the control system 9 controls the drive mechanism 2 to reverse, thereby rotating the flip member in the opening direction to avoid pinching or damaging the object.
  • control system 9 When the control system 9 receives the reset signal, the control system 9 controls the drive mechanism 2 to close the flip member and cause the torsion spring 8 to store the predetermined energy during the closing process.
  • FIG. 12 shows an exemplary block diagram of the control system 9.
  • the control system 9 includes a signal collecting circuit, a controller, and the like.
  • the controller receives a start signal, a reset signal, and other signals from an external main control system and outputs a motor control signal to the motor.
  • the controller also monitors the operating state of the motor. For example, the controller collects the current of the motor through the signal collecting circuit, and judges various operating states of the motor through the collected current, and takes corresponding measures, as described above.
  • FIG. 13 shows a specific circuit diagram of the control system 9 for controlling the automatic turning device 100 of the present invention.
  • a single-chip microcomputer U2 (model: STC15F204EA) is used as a controller of the control system 9.
  • This model has an 8-channel 10-bit AD converter.
  • other types of microcontrollers can be used as long as the microcontroller has at least two AD converters and data processing capabilities.
  • the MCU U2 receives control commands from the external main control system through pins 3, 4, and 5, and controls the motor of the drive mechanism 2 through the two pins of key5 and key6, that is, controls the forward and reverse rotation of the motor.
  • Reference numeral 131 in Fig. 13 denotes a signal collecting circuit.
  • the signal collecting circuit 131 includes resistors R4, R3 and R2.
  • One end of resistor R4 is connected to pin 1 of U2 (one AD converter), and one end of resistor R3 is connected to pin 2 of U2 (the other AD converter).
  • the one ends of the resistors R4, R3 can be respectively connected to other AD converter input pins of U2.
  • resistor R4 is connected to one end of resistor R2 at AD1, and AD1 is connected to the power input of the motor to sample the voltage or current signal of the motor.
  • the other end of resistor R2 is connected to ground GND2.
  • the other end of resistor R3, AD2, is also coupled to ground GND2. Connect two capacitors EC3 and C3 in parallel with R2 between AD1 and AD2.
  • a filter circuit composed of a resistor R6 and a capacitor EC6 is connected between the pins 1 and 2 of the capacitors R4, R3 and U2, respectively.
  • the filter circuit is used to filter the signals on input pins 1, 2 to make the signal smoother.
  • AD1 is connected to the power input of the motor to sample the voltage or current of the motor.
  • Figure 14 shows the connection position of AD1 in the motor stop state, forward rotation state, and reverse rotation state. This connection position ensures that a forward voltage is always obtained at AD1.
  • the contact switch connection manner of the relays KA1 and KA2 when the motor is stopped, forwarded, and reversed is a well-known technique in the art, and will not be described herein.
  • the signal from AD1 is fed to pin 1 of U2 via resistor R4 as an input signal to the U2 AD converter.
  • the AD2 signal (theoretical zero voltage) connected to ground GND2 is supplied to pin 2 of U2 via resistor R3.
  • U2 differentially processes the input two signals through software to eliminate interference in the collected motor signals.
  • the motor signal is generally directly transmitted to the AD converter of the microcontroller through a differential amplifier.
  • the disadvantage of this scheme is that the amplifier occupies board space and is costly.
  • the multi-channel AD converter of the single-chip microcomputer is used, and two signals are input (one for the motor signal and one for the reference signal, that is, the ground signal). This can be differentially processed by the microcontroller software to eliminate interference with the motor signal.
  • the inventor found in the experiment that if the ground terminal of the signal collecting circuit is connected to the same ground as the single chip U2, because the signal collecting circuit and the motor supply ground, the strong induction of the product during frequent opening and closing and stopping of the motor The electromotive force can cause interference to the microcontroller and even cause system damage. Therefore, in the present invention, the ground terminal of the signal collecting circuit and the ground of the motor are connected to
  • FIG. 13 also shows a power supply DB 1 for supplying current and/or voltage to a controller (for example, the single-chip microcomputer U2), the motor M (M1, M2 are two positive and negative terminals of the motor), and the relays KA1, KA2. , DB2 and DB3.
  • a controller for example, the single-chip microcomputer U2
  • M1, M2 are two positive and negative terminals of the motor
  • These power supplies can be used as part of the control system 9, or they can be set separately.
  • the specific types and resistance values, capacitance values, and the like of the resistors and capacitors shown in FIG. 13 are merely specific examples, and those skilled in the art may use other types of resistors, capacitors, and resistance values depending on the specific situation. , capacitance value, etc.
  • the grounds GND1, GND2, and GND3 in Fig. 13 indicate different grounds, that is, the grounds are separated from each other.

Abstract

一种用于打开和关闭翻转件的自动翻转装置(100),该自动翻转装置(100)包括:底座(11),该底座(11)安装在具有翻转件的设备本体上;至少一个驱动机构(2),该至少一个驱动机构(2)安装在底座(11)上并连接至翻转件,该至少一个驱动机构(2)能使翻转件自动地在关闭位置和打开位置之间运动;以及至少一个弹性元件,该至少一个弹性元件被构造和安装成在翻转件位于关闭位置时存储预定能量并在至少一个驱动机构将翻转件从关闭位置向打开位置驱动过程中将所存储的预定能量至少部分地释放,由此在驱动过程中至少部分地平衡翻转件的重量作用。

Description

自动翻转装置 相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于 2014年 2月 28日提交的、 名称为 "一种自动翻转装置" 的中国专利申请 No.201410069989.1的优先权及权益。 在此, 通过引用将该 申请的全部内容结合在本文中。 技术领域
本发明涉及工业控制及自动化领域, 更具体地说, 本发明涉及一种用于 打开和关闭诸如盖子或门之类的翻转件的自动翻转装置。 背景技术
诸如家用电器、 汽车等产品一般都包括诸如盖子或门之类的翻转件。 有 些翻转件是手动打开和关闭的。 但是, 随着科技的发展, 人们对这些产品的 自动化程度要求越来越高, 希望诸如盖子或门之类的翻转件能够自动地开启 和关闭。 为了实现翻转件的自动开启和关闭功能, 许多厂商都开发了具备自 动开启和关闭功能的翻转件。 然而, 目前市场上具有这种翻转件的产品仍然 存在问题, 无法完全满足消费者的需求。
例如, 现有的翻转件大多数用电机直接驱动。 如果翻转件的重量较大, 则需要功率较大的电机。 大功率电机不仅工作时会产生噪音, 而且能耗高, 体积大, 装配不方便, 并且会增加整体系统的成本。 此外, 由于翻转件的翻 转力矩不是线性变化的, 利用电机驱动翻转件翻转时, 翻转件不能勾速流畅 地翻转, 舒适性差。
另外, 对于重量较大的翻转件, 如果用电机直接驱动, 电机负荷较大, 使电机长时间超负荷工作, 非常容易导致电机损坏, 增加维修成本。 也会致 使用户抱怨产品质量, 影响企业市场竟争力和品牌形象。
此外, 现有的翻转件不能在异常情况(例如断电、 电机故障或零部件失 效)下自动停止, 而是在重力作用下向下闭合。 闭合时的巨大冲击力会砸伤 人体, 发生安全事故。 而且, 现有的翻转件在闭合过程中遇到反作用力时也 不会停止或向相反方向上升, 而是继续下降, 从而会夹伤人体, 发生安全事 故。
因此, 需要一种能够顺畅翻转、 操作灵活方便的翻转机构。 同时, 这种 翻转机构应该能够利用较小功率的驱动机构(例如电机、 液压马达或气动马 达)来驱动。 而且,这种这种翻转机构还应该具备安全功能和故障报警功能。 发明内容
鉴于现有技术中的上述问题而作出了本发明, 并且本发明的目的是提供 一种用于打开和关闭翻转件的自动翻转装置。通过才艮据本发明的自动翻转装 置, 能够实现翻转件的顺畅翻转, 降低驱动机构的功率和噪音, 从而降低生 产成本。
另外, 通过根据本发明的自动翻转机构, 能够确保在翻转机构发生故障 时发出警报, 从而便于使用和维修。
此外, 通过根据本发明的自动翻转机构, 能够确保翻转件安全翻转而不 会造成安全问题。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种用于打开和关闭翻转件的自动翻转 装置, 该自动翻转装置包括: 底座, 该底座安装在具有所述翻转件的设备本 体上; 至少一个驱动机构, 所述至少一个驱动机构安装在所述底座上并连接 至所述翻转件, 所述至少一个驱动机构能使所述翻转件自动地在关闭位置和 打开位置之间运动; 以及至少一个弹性元件, 所述至少一个弹性元件被构造 和安装成在所述翻转件位于所述关闭位置时存储预定能量并在所述至少一 个驱动机构将所述翻转件从所述关闭位置向所述打开位置驱动过程中将所 存储的预定能量至少部分地释放, 由此在所述驱动过程中至少部分地平衡所 述翻转件的重量作用。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述自动翻转装置可以还包括: 至少一个 转轴, 所述至少一个转轴中的至少一个第一转轴的一端通过联轴器分别与所 述至少一个驱动机构的输出轴连接, 另一端与所述翻转件连接; 和至少一个 支撑件, 所述至少一个支撑件分别将所述至少一个转轴旋转地支撑在所述底 座上。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述至少一个转轴中的至少一个第二转轴 的一端为自由端, 另一端与所述翻转件连接。 在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述自动翻转装置还包括分别与所述至少 一个转轴的所述另一端连接的用于安装所述翻转件的至少一个连接件。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述至少一个支撑件的数量为所述至少一 个转轴的数量的两倍, 并且所述至少一个转轴中的每个转轴均由对应的两个 支撑件支撑。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述至少一个支撑件为轴承。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述至少一个驱动机构包括电机。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述自动翻转装置还包括至少一个弹性元 件安装部, 所述至少一个弹性元件安装部被分别固定至所述至少一个第一转 轴中的至少一个, 其中所述至少一个弹性元件的一端被分别安装至所述弹性 元件安装部, 所述至少一个弹性元件的另一端被分别安装至所述底座。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述自动翻转装置还包括至少一个弹性元 件安装部, 所述至少一个弹性元件安装部被分别固定至所述至少一个第一转 轴和 /或所述至少一个第二转轴中的至少一个,其中所述至少一个弹性元件的 一端被分别安装至所述弹性元件安装部, 所述至少一个弹性元件的另一端被 分别安装至所述底座。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,在所述至少一个弹性元件安装部中的每个 弹性元件安装部的一侧或两侧均安装有至少一个弹性元件。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述弹性元件安装部为固定地套设在所述 至少一个第一转轴和 /或所述至少一个第二转轴中的至少一个上的固定轴套, 其中所述固定轴套在其轴向两侧或一侧设置有用于容纳所述弹性元件的一 端的凹部。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述弹性元件安装部为贯穿所述转轴的径 向通孔, 所述弹性元件的一端安装在该通孔中, 另一端安装至所述底座。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,在所述至少一个弹性元件安装部中的每个 的两侧各设有用于支撑所述转轴的一个支撑件。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述至少一个弹性元件为从由扭簧、 卷簧 和压缩螺旋弹簧或它们的任意组合构成的组中选择的至少一种。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述自动翻转装置还包括弹性元件安装基 座, 该弹性元件安装基座安装在具有所述翻转件的设备本体上或作为该设备 本体的一部分, 其中所述至少一个弹性元件的一端固定在所述安装基座上, 另一端靠在所述翻转件的至少一部分下面。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述至少一个弹性元件为从由板簧、 压缩 螺旋弹簧和片簧或它们的任意组合构成的组选择的至少一种。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述至少一个驱动机构 (2 ) 包括静态电 机, 该静态电机的静态扭矩^1 扭 、 所述翻转件的最大负载扭矩 M 翻转件最大扭 «和所述至少一个弹性元件(8 )的最大扭矩 M 弹, 元件最^扭被设置成满足: M ft 转件最大扭矩〉 M 静态扭矩〉 M 翻转件最大扭矩- M 弹性元件最大扭矩? 从而使得所述翻转件能够停止在 所述关闭位置和打开位置之间的一个区间内的任意位置。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 该自动翻转装置还包括盖子, 所述盖子和 所述基座一起构成限定密闭空间的壳体, 所述至少一个驱动机构被容纳在该 密闭空间中, 其中所述至少一个转轴的所述另一端分别伸出到所述壳体的外 部。
在发明的一个实施方式中, 所述自动翻转装置还包括与所述驱动机构通 信连接的控制系统, 其中该控制系统在所述翻转件的打开过程中监测所述至 少一个驱动机构的电流, 并且在所述至少一个驱动机构的电流高于第一预定 阔值时发出故障警报。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述控制系统还在所述翻转件关闭过程中 监测所述至少一个驱动机构电流, 并且在所述至少一个驱动机构的电流低于 第二预定阔值时发出故障警报。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述控制系统还在所述翻转件的关闭过程 中监测所述至少一个驱动机构的电流, 并且在所述至少一个驱动机构的电流 高于第三预定阔值时发出安全警报, 并通过所述至少一个驱动机构朝向所述 打开位置驱动所述翻转件。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述控制系统通过设置在底座外部的接插 件与外部主控制系统通信连接。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 该自动翻转装置还包括控制系统, 该控制 系统与所述至少一个驱动机构的电机连接, 并包括: 控制器, 该控制器与外 部主控制系统通信连接并连接至所述电机, 以根据外部主控制系统的信号对 所述电机进行控制, 所述控制器包括至少两路 AD转换器; 以及信号釆集电 路, 所述信号釆集电路包括: 第一电阻器, 该第一电阻器的一端连接至所述 至少两路 AD转换器中的一路 AD转换器, 另一端与所述电机的电源输入端 相连,用于釆集所述电机的电压或电流信号;第二电阻器,该第二电阻器( R3 ) 的一端连接至所述至少两路 AD转换器中的另一路 AD转换器, 另一端与所 述电机的接地端连接; 和毫欧电阻器, 所述第一电阻器的所述另一端连接至 所述毫欧电阻器的一端, 该毫欧电阻器的另一端与所述电机的接地端连接, 其中所述控制器对两路 AD转换器釆集的两路信号进行差分处理, 以消除所 釆集的电机信号中的干扰。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述电机的接地端和所述控制器的接地端 接在分开的地上。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 该信号釆集电路还包括与所述毫欧电阻 器并联连接在所述第一电阻器的所述另一端和所述电机的接地端之间的并 联连接的电容器。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述第一电阻器的所述一端还连接至滤波 电路的一端, 所述滤波电路的另一端连接至所述控制器的接地端, 并且所述 第二电阻器的所述一端连接至另一个滤波电路的一端, 所述另一个滤波电路 的另一端连接至所述控制器的接地端。
根据本发明的另一个方面, 提供了一种用于控制电机操作的控制系统, 该控制系统包括: 控制器, 该控制器与外部主控制系统通信连接并连接至所 述电机, 以根据外部主控制系统的信号对所述电机进行控制, 所述控制器包 括至少两路 AD转换器; 和信号釆集电路, 所述信号釆集电路包括: 第一电 阻器, 该第一电阻器的一端连接至所述至少两路 AD转换器中的一路 AD转 换器, 另一端与所述电机的电源输入端相连, 用于釆集所述电机的电压或电 流信号; 第二电阻器, 该第二电阻器的一端连接至所述至少两路 AD转换器 中的另一路 AD转换器, 另一端与所述电机的接地端连接; 和毫欧电阻器, 所述第一电阻器的所述另一端连接至所述毫欧电阻器的一端, 该毫欧电阻器 的另一端连接与所述电机的接地端连接, 其中所述控制器对两路 AD转换器 釆集的两路信号进行差分处理, 以消除所釆集的电机信号中的干扰。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述电机的接地端和所述控制器的接地端 接在分开的地上。
在本发明的一个实施方式中, 该信号釆集电路还包括与所述毫欧电阻器 并联连接在所述第一电阻器的所述另一端和所述电机的接地端之间的并联 连接的电容器。 在本发明的一个实施方式中, 所述第一电阻器的所述一端还连接至滤波 电路的一端, 所述滤波电路的另一端连接至所述控制器的接地端, 并且所述 第二电阻器的所述一端连接至另一个滤波电路的一端, 所述另一个滤波电路 的另一端连接至所述控制器的接地端。
在根据本发明的自动翻转装置中, 由于安装有弹性元件(例如扭簧或板 簧), 弹性元件在翻转件位于关闭位置时存储预定能量, 并在翻转件打开过 程中将所存储的预定能量至少部分地释放, 因此降低了电机驱动翻转件打开 时的扭矩, 同时又使得翻转件顺畅地打开。 因此,可以釆用更小功率的电机, 降低了生产成本。 此外, 由于能够釆用更小功率的电机, 噪音也比较, 从而 进一步提高了运行环境的舒适性。
此外, 当翻转件闭合时遇到反力, 控制系统能够即时发出指令让电机反 转, 实现防夹功能; 当任一扭簧失效时, 控制系统能够瞬间给出指令, 使翻 转件向上翻转打开, 到达最终位置时停止运动, 并使设备主体发出报警, 从 而大大提高了该装置的使用安全性能, 大大提高企业的市场竟争力和品牌形 象。
本发明的其他特征、优点和效果将从如下结合附图给出的示例性实施方 式的描述变得更为清楚、 明确。 附图说明
下面结合附图以示例的方式详细描述本发明的示例性实施方式,其中在 附图中:
图 1是示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的立体 图;
图 2是示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的分解 立体图, 其中示出了仅在一个转轴上安装有一个固定轴套和一个扭簧的示 例;
图 3是示出了根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的立 体图;
图 4是示出了根据本发明的另一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的分 解立体图, 其中示出了在两个转轴上分别安装一个固定轴套和一个扭簧的示 例;
图 5是示出了根据本发明的又一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的立 体图;
图 6是示出了根据本发明的又一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的分 解立体图, 其中示出了在一个转轴上安装一个固定轴套和两个扭簧而在另一 个转轴上安装一个固定轴套和一个扭簧的示例。
图 7是示出了根据本发明的再一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的立 体图;
图 8是示出了根据本发明的再一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置的分 解立体图, 其中示出了在两个转轴上均安装一个固定轴套和两个扭簧的示 例。
图 9 是示出了根据本发明的一个另选实施方式的自动翻转装置的示意 图, 其中实线示出了盖板处于关闭位置, 此时弹性元件存储预定能量;
图 10示出了扭簧的一种另选安装方式;
图 11示出了弹性元件安装部和弹性元件的一个具体示例, 其中在图 11 ( a )中, 扭簧处于存储预定能量的状态, 在图 11 ( b ) 中扭簧处于释放预定 能量的状态;
图 12是控制系统 9的简要框图;
图 13是用于控制根据本发明的自动翻转装置的操作的一个具体电路图; 和
图 14示出了电机的三种工作状态。 具体实施方式
下面将参照附图描述根据本发明的示例性实施方式。 需要注意的是, 在 附图中示出并在这里详细描述的示例性实施方式仅仅是为了使本领域技术 人员能更好地理解本发明, 而不是为了将本发明限制于所描述和图示的具体 结构形式。 本发明的保护范围由所附权利要求及其等同物来限定。
图 1示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装置 100的立 体图。 自动翻转装置 100用于使待安装的翻转件在打开位置和关闭位置之间 移动。 如图 2所示, 翻转件可以通过连接件 5安装至该自动翻转装置 100。
如图 1所示, 自动翻转装置 100包括由底座 11和盖子 12构成的壳体 1。 底座 11 可以固定至具有翻转件 (没有示出) 的设备本体上或作为该设备本 体的一部分。
将盖子 12盖在底座 11上在壳体 1内限定密闭空间。 自动翻转装置 100 的电机、 转轴、 扭簧等(稍后将进行描述)被容纳在该密封空间内。 由于自 动翻转装置 100的组成部件被容纳在该密闭空间内,可以防止灰尘和水等异 物进入壳体 1 内, 还可以降低电机等的工作噪音。 为了提高由底座 11和盖 子 12构成的壳体 1的密封性, 还可以在底座 11和盖子 12之间设置密封件 (没有示出)。 密封件可以釆取任何形式, 例如密封圈或密封胶。
当将底座 11和盖子 12组装在一起而限定具有密封空间的壳体 1时, 底 座 11和盖子 12可以在两端限定用于安装稍后将描述的轴承 6的开口或孔。 自动翻转装置 100的转轴 3经由安装在该开口或孔内的轴承 6伸出, 以便与 连接件 5连接。
如图 1所示, 连接件 5安装在从壳体 1伸出的转轴 3上。 连接件 5用于 安装待被驱动的翻转件 (没有示出), 例如盖板、 盖子或门等转动机构。 需 要注意的是, 图中所示的连接件 5仅仅是用于连接待翻转的翻转件的一个示 例,可以根据具体的翻转件的形状和安装空间而釆取不同的连接件 5。另外, 图 1和图 2中示出了釆用两个连接件 5安装待驱动的翻转件的情况, 然而, 可以根据实际需要釆用三个或更多个连接件。
此外, 转轴 3可以以任何适当的方式连接至连接件 5。 例如, 转轴 5可 以通过键连接、 花键连接等与连接件 5相连。
参照图 2, 图 2示出了根据本发明的一个示例性实施方式的自动翻转装 置 100的分解立体图。 如图 2所示, 自动翻转装置 100包括驱动机构 2, 该 驱动机构 2安装在底座 11中。 驱动机构 2可以以任何合适的方式安装在底 座 11中。 驱动机构 2的输出轴通过联轴器 4与转轴 3的一端连接。 转轴 3 通过轴承 6支撑在基座 11上。转轴 3的另一端与用于安装翻转件的连接件 5 连接。 当驱动机构 2工作时, 通过联轴器 4带动转轴 3转动, 转轴 3再带动 连接件 5和翻转件进行翻转, 从而实现翻转件的打开和关闭。
在本示例性实施方式中,驱动机构 2包括电机和减速齿轮箱(没有示出)。 减速齿轮箱用于将电机输出的高转速降低成适合于驱动转轴 3的低转速。减 速齿轮箱可以包括第一减速齿轮和第二减速齿轮, 第一减速齿轮与电机的输 出轴相连并与第二减速齿轮啮合, 第二减速齿轮与驱动机构的输出轴相连, 其中第一减速齿轮的齿数和第二减速齿轮的齿数相比较少, 以将电机输出的 高转速降低。 第一减速齿轮和第二减速齿轮的齿数比可以根据翻转件的期望 翻转和打开速度来确定。 当然, 驱动机构 2也可以仅包括电机, 即利用电机 直接驱动转轴 3。
对于电机的功率和数量, 可以根据翻转件的负载扭矩(例如翻转件的重 量)、 摩擦力、 稍后将描述的扭簧(弹性元件的一个优选示例) 的预设扭矩 等来适当地选择。
虽然在该示例性实施方式中描述了驱动机构 2使用电机作为驱动源,但 本发明不限于此。 可以根据具体应用情况来选择其他驱动源。 例如, 可以釆 用液压马达、 气动马达等作为驱动源。
如图 2所示, 驱动机构 2的输出轴通过联轴器 4与转轴 3的一端相连。 作为联轴器 4,可以釆用套筒联轴器。套筒联轴器是利用公共套筒并通过键、 花键等刚性构件将驱动机构 2的输出轴和转轴 3联接。套筒联轴器的优点是 结构简单、 制造方便、 成本较低, 完全可以满足本发明的要求。 当然, 也可 以根据具体应用情况而釆用其他类型的联轴器, 例如万向节联轴器、 凸缘联 轴器等。
转轴 3利用两个轴承 6支撑在基座 11上。 优选地, 将其中一个轴承安 装在由基座 11和盖子 12限定的开口或孔内。 转轴 3通过安装在该开口或孔 内的轴承从壳体 1伸出, 以与用于安装翻转件的连接件 5相连。
在图 2中, 示出了每个转轴 3由两个轴承 6支撑的情况。 然而, 也可以 仅使用一个轴承 6来支撑转轴 3。 在这种情况下, 优选将该轴承 6安装在由 基座 11和盖子 12限定的开口或孔内。 当然, 如果转轴 3较长, 则优选使用 两个或更多个轴承 6将转轴 3支撑在基座 11上。
继续参照图 2, 图 2示出了两个驱动机构 2 (—个由实线表示, 一个由 虚线表示)。 然而, 可以仅仅使用其中一个驱动机构。 当然, 如果一个驱动 机构 2不足以驱动翻转件翻转, 则可以釆用图 2所示的两个或更多个驱动机 构 2。 在图 2所示的两个驱动机构 2的情况下, 可以将一个驱动机构 2及其 相应的联轴器 4、 轴承 6、 转轴 3与另一个驱动机构 2及其相应的联轴器 4、 轴承 6、 转轴 3镜像对称地布置。 如果釆用三个或更多个驱动机构 2, 可以 在图 2所示的两个驱动机构 2之间布置第三驱动机构 2及其相应的联轴器 4、 轴承 6、 转轴 3和用于连接翻转件的连接件 5。 在本发明中, 驱动机构 2的 具体数量并不受到限制, 可以根据实际需要釆用适当数量的驱动机构 2。 需要指出的是,图 2示出了翻转件围绕水平轴线上下翻转的情况。但是, 以上描述同样适合于翻转件围绕竖直轴线左右翻转的情况。
继续参照图 2进行描述。 如图 2所示, 自动翻转装置 100还包括一个固 定轴套 7 (弹性元件安装部的示例)和一个扭簧 8 (弹性元件的示例)。 固定 轴套 7固定至转轴 3, 以与转轴 3—起旋转。 扭簧 8的一端安装至固定轴套 7, 另一端安装至底座 11。
在图 2中, 固定轴套 7和扭簧 8固定在左侧的转轴 3上。 然而, 该固定 轴套 7和扭簧 8也可以固定在右侧的转轴 3, 无论该转轴 3是否与驱动机构 2相连(也就是说, 无论是釆用一个驱动机构 (实线所示)还是釆用两个驱 动机构, 都可以将固定轴套 7和扭簧 8固定在任一个转轴 3上)。
图 14给出了固定轴套 7的一个具体示例性结构。 如图 14所示, 固定轴 套 7具有中央通孔,转轴 3贯穿插入该通孔。固定轴套 7可以通过销钉或键、 花键(未示出) 固定至转轴 3, 以与转轴 3—起旋转。 固定轴套 7也可以以 其他方式固定连接至转轴 3, 例如可以将转轴 3与固定轴套 7压铸成一个零 件。 固定轴套 7在转轴 3的轴向方向上的一侧或两侧具有 U形凹部 (图 14 中仅示出了一侧具有一个 U形凹部的情况), 扭簧 8的一端容纳在该 U形凹 部中, 位于该一端的支腿 ·ί氏靠 U形凹部的一侧, 另一端 ·ί氏靠在底座 11上。
弹性元件安装部的示例不仅仅限于固定轴套 7。 例如, 可以釆取图 10 所示的固定方式。 在图 10中, 转轴 3设有贯穿转轴 3的径向通孔, 扭簧 8 的一端的支腿可以插入在径向通孔中, 另一端的支腿安装至底座 11。 当然, 可以根据实际需要, 釆用其他方式来固定扭簧 8。
下面描述如何安装扭簧 8。 在安装于连接件 5上的翻转件位于上述关闭 位置时, 使该扭簧 8存储预定能量(例如弹性势能(扭力、 扭矩)), 当驱动 机构 2 (例如电机)将翻转件从关闭位置向打开位置驱动的过程中, 扭簧 8 存储的预定能量释放,从而在该驱动的过程中平衡安装至所述连接件上的翻 转件的重量作用。 也就是说, 在打开过程中, 利用驱动机构 2的驱动扭矩和 扭簧的扭矩的组合将翻转件从关闭位置驱动到打开位置。 这样, 由于在驱动 过程中利用扭簧的扭矩辅助驱动机构驱动翻转件,与不用扭簧 8的情况相比, 可以釆用功率更小的驱动机构 2。 例如, 可以釆用功率更小的电机。 由于电 机功率更小, 可以进一步降低电机运转时产生的噪音, 提高了运行环境的舒 适性。 此外, 由于釆用小功率电机, 还降低了整个系统的成本。
另一方面, 由于扭簧被安装成在翻转件位于关闭位置时存储预定能量, 因此能够利用扭簧的緩冲作用使得翻转件更平稳顺畅地翻转(即打开和关 闭)。
翻转件位于关闭位置时扭簧 8存储的预定能量可以被设定为这样, 即当 翻转件位于关闭位置时,扭簧 8存储的预定能量并不足以单独将翻转件打开。 也就是说, 在驱动机构对翻转件没有驱动作用的情况下, 扭簧 8存储的预定 能量不能将翻转件打开。 优选地, 当驱动机构驱动翻转件向打开位置运动的 过程中, 扭簧 8至少部分地将其存储的预定能量释放, 由此在翻转件向打开 位置运动的过程中, 其重量作用能够至少部分地被扭簧 8的预定能量平衡, 从而减少驱动机构的电机所需的驱动功率。
另外, 在翻转件到达打开位置时, 优选扭簧 8仍剩余至少一部分预先存 储的能量(弹性势能)。 这样, 即使在翻转件位于打开位置时, 扭簧 8也可 以利用其剩余扭力而保持一定程度的张紧。
在以上描述中,扭簧被构造成和安装成在翻转件位于关闭位置时存储预 定能量并在至少一个驱动机构将翻转件从关闭位置向打开位置驱动过程中 将所存储的预定能量至少部分地释放, 由此在驱动过程中至少部分地平衡所 述翻转件的打开阻力。 在本发明的教导下, 本领域技术人员能够根据具体的 工作负荷 (翻转件的重量、 摩擦力等)、 翻转件的翻转角度以及所需的预定 存储能量(例如弹性势能), 适当地选择扭簧的各种设计参数, 从而满足本 发明的上述要求。
例如, 本领域技术人员可以根据如下公式计算扭簧的刚度:
T'=E*d4/(3367*D*n) (N.mm/(°)) ( 1 )
其中:
E为弹性模量, d为钢丝直径, D扭簧中径, n为有效圈数。
根据上述公式( 1 )计算扭簧工作扭矩:
Τ1=Τ,*φ (N mm), 其中 φ为扭篑工作角度 .(。)。 由此可见,扭簧的扭矩与 工作角度成正比。
根据翻转件的重量和重心计算出翻转件的扭矩, 并考虑到翻转件位于打 开位置时剩余的扭矩(剩余的扭矩可以根据实际需要来确定), 来确定翻转 件位于关闭位置时需要预先存储的扭矩(弹性势能)。 另外, 在驱动机构包括静态电机的情况下, 可以将至少一个驱动机构的 静态电机的静态扭矩 M 扭 、所述翻转件的最大负载扭矩 M 件最^ ^和所述 至少一个弹性元件(例如扭簧等 )的最大扭矩 M ± ^扭被设置成满足: M 翻转件最大扭矩〉 M 静态扭矩〉 M翻转件最大扭矩- M 弹性元件最大扭矩。 这样, 可以使得所述翻转件能够 停止在所述关闭位置和打开位置之间的预定区间内的任何位置。如果翻转件 位于关闭位置时为 C度(C一般可以为 0度, 例如), 位于完全打开位置时 为 P度(相对于关闭位置), 则该预定区间的范围可以例如为从(C+X )度 到 (P-Y )度。 在一些示例中, X可以为 1到 20度, 优选为 5度至 15度, Y可以为 1到 20度,优选为 5度到 15度。 当然,根据所选择的弹性元件(例 如扭簧) 的弹性特性, X、 Y还可以取其他值, 从而可以限定不同的预定区 间。
当翻转件位于水平位置时, 翻转件的负载扭矩最大, 而弹性元件(例如 扭簧)在关闭位置时扭矩最大, 存储最大扭矩, 即存储预定能量。
对于弹性元件釆取其他形式(例如卷簧、 压缩螺旋弹簧)的情况, 可以 以类似方式确定在翻转件位于关闭位置时弹性元件需要存储的预定能量。
以上描述了釆用扭簧 8和固定轴套 7作为弹性元件和弹性元件安装部的 示例。 但是, 弹性元件和弹性元件安装部还可以釆用其他形式。 例如, 如果 所需的扭矩较小,则除了扭簧之外,还可以釆用卷簧。在釆用卷簧的情况下, 可以将卷簧的内端直接固定至转轴 3,另一端固定至基座 11。在这种情况下, 转轴 3的一部分用作弹性元件安装部。
同样, 在翻转件位于关闭位置时, 使卷簧存储预定能量, 并在驱动机构 2将翻转件从关闭位置向打开位置驱动的过程中,将所存储的预定能量释放, 从而至少部分地平衡翻转件的打开阻力或重量作用。 卷簧需要存储的预定能 量可以参照确定扭簧存储预定能量的方式来确定。
此外, 还可以选择压缩螺旋弹簧。 在釆用压缩螺旋弹簧的情况下, 将压 缩弹簧的一端固定至固定轴套 7, 另一端固定至基座 11。 同样, 将压缩弹簧 安装成在翻转件位于关闭位置时存储预定能量并在驱动机构 2将翻转件从关 闭位置向打开位置驱动的过程中, 将所存储的预定能量释放, 从而至少部分 地平衡翻转件的重量作用。 因此, 压缩螺旋弹簧和卷簧能够起到与扭簧一样 的作用和效果。
作为弹性元件安装部, 除了上述固定轴套 7之外, 还可以釆用其他形式 的弹性元件安装部。例如, 可以将一 U形板状构件的具有与转轴 3的形状相 符的一端焊接或釆用其他方式固定至转轴, 并在另一端设置一孔。 诸如扭簧 之类的弹性元件的一端可以固定至该孔, 另一端固定至基座 11。扭簧 8可以 套在转轴 3上。 固定方式。
下面以图 1和图 2所示的示例性实施方式为例来描述自动翻转机构 100 的操作过程。
如图 1和 2所示, 自动翻转机构 100还包括控制系统 9, 控制系统 9与 驱动机构 2相连, 并通过接插件 9与外部主控制系统相连。 稍后将详细描述 控制系统 9。
当控制系统 9从外部主控制系统接收到启动信号时, 驱动机构 2启动。 此时, 翻转件位于关闭位置, 扭簧 8存储预定能量。 当接收到打开命令时, 驱动机构 2通过联轴器 4带动转轴 3转动, 在轴承 6的作用下, 转轴 3平稳 地转动, 转轴 3带动连接件 5和翻转件进行翻转。 由于固定轴套 7固定至转 轴 3, 因此固定轴套 7与转轴 3—起旋转。 随着固定轴套 7的旋转, 扭簧 8 存储的预定能量逐渐释放, 从而平衡翻转件的重量作用。 由于利用扭簧预先 存储的能量辅助驱动机构打开翻转件, 因此可以使得驱动机构 2带动的转轴 的扭矩较小, 因此可以釆用小功率的驱动机构, 从而降低驱动机构的噪音。 另外, 由于驱动机构的电机可在较小负荷下工作, 因此确保了稳定性, 从而 提高产品的可靠性, 并实现翻转件顺畅翻转。
在图 2所示的示例性实施方式中, 还可以将至少一个驱动机构 (2 ) 的 电机的静态扭矩 M 扭 、所述翻转件的最大负载扭矩 M 件最^ ^和所述至少 一个弹性元件(8 ) 的最大扭矩 M 弹性元件最大 被设置成满足: Μ ¾转件最大扭《〉M 静 态扭矩〉M翻转件最大扭矩- M 弹性元件最大扭矩?从而使得所述翻转件能够停止在所述关闭位置 和打开位置之间的上述一个区间内的任意位置。 这样, 在驱动机构的电机发 生故障而不能工作时, 能量利用扭簧 8的扭矩和电机的静态扭矩来平衡翻转 件的重量, 使得翻转件能够停止在上述一个区间内的任何位置, 不会因为自 身重量而向下快速关闭, 从而防止发生事故, 确保翻转装置在使用过程中的 安全性。
下面参照图 3和图 4描述本发明的另一个示例性实施方式。 图 3示出了本发明的另一个示例性实施方式的立体图, 图 4示出了本发 明的另一个实施方式的分解立体图。
图 3和图 4中所示的自动翻转机构 101与图 1和图 2中所示的自动翻转 机构 100基本相同, 区别在于图 3和图 4中的自动翻转机构 101具有两个扭 簧 8。
如图 4所示,在左侧的转轴 3和右侧的转轴 3上均安装有一个固定轴套 7和相应的扭簧 8。 固定轴套 7和扭簧 8的安装方式与图 1和图 2中所示相 同, 在此不再赘述。
在固定轴套 7和扭簧 8两侧分别安装有两个轴承 6, 轴承 6将转轴 3可 旋转地支撑在底座 11 中。 在图 4所示的示例性实施方式中, 当釆用一个驱 动机构 2 (例如左侧的驱动机构) 时, 右侧的转轴 3成为翻转件的从动轴。
在设置两个扭簧 8的情况下, 同样根据翻转件的重量(工作负荷)、 重 心、 翻转件的翻转角度等来确定扭簧 8的具体设计参数。 两个扭簧 8不必具 有相同的设计参数, 只要它们的组合能够在翻转件位于关闭时存储预定能量 并在驱动机构将翻转件从关闭位置向打开位置驱动过程中将存储的预定能 量至少部分地释放, 由此在驱动过程中平衡翻转件的重量作用即可。 另外, 也可以不完全釆用扭簧, 而是可以釆用扭簧、 卷簧和压缩螺旋弹簧的任意组 合。
图 3和图 4所示的自动翻转机构的工作过程与图 1和图 2所示的相同。 下面参照图 5和图 6描述本发明的自动翻转装置的又一个示例性实施方 式。
图 5示出了本发明的另一个示例性实施方式的立体图, 图 6示出了本发 明的另一个实施方式的分解立体图。
图 5和图 6中所示的自动翻转机构 102与图 3和图 4中所示的自动翻转 机构 101基本相同, 区别在于图 5和图 6中的自动翻转机构 102具有三个扭 簧 8。
如图 6所示, 在左侧的转轴 3上安装有一个固定轴套 7, 在固定轴套 7 的两侧各安装一个扭簧 8。 在右侧的转轴 3上安装有一个固定轴套 7, 在固 定轴套 7的右侧安装一个扭簧 8。 该实施方式中的固定轴套 7和扭簧 8的安 装方式与图 1和图 2中的实施方式相同。
在图 6所示的实施方式中, 可以仅使用一个驱动机构 2 (例如实线所示 的驱动机构), 也可以使用两个或更多个驱动机构 2。 当使用一个驱动机构 2 (例如实线所示的驱动机构)时, 也可以将固定轴套 7和两个扭簧 8设置在 右侧的转轴 3上, 而在左侧的转轴 3上设置一个固定轴套 7和一个扭簧 8。 本领域技术人员可以想到其他的安装方式, 例如, 三个扭簧 8都安装在左侧 的转轴 3或右侧的转轴 3上。
自动翻转机构 102的操作方式与自动翻转机构 100相同。
下面参照图 7和图 8描述本发明的自动翻转装置 103。
图 7示出了本发明的另一个示例性实施方式的立体图, 图 8示出了本发 明的另一个实施方式的分解立体图。
图 7和图 8中所示的自动翻转机构 103与图 3和图 4中所示的自动翻转 机构 101基本相同, 区别在于图 7和图 8中的自动翻转机构 103具有四个扭 簧。
如图 8所示, 在左侧转轴 3和右侧转轴 3上均设置有两个扭簧 8。 具体 地说, 左侧的固定轴套 7在左侧的两个轴承 6之间固定地安装在左侧的转轴 3上。 在该固定轴套 7的两侧分别以上述方式安装有两个扭簧 8, 即这两个 扭簧 8的一端分别安装在固定轴套 7的 U形凹部中,另一端分别安装至基座 11。 右侧的固定轴套 7在右侧的两个轴承 6之间固定地安装在右侧的转轴 3 上。 在该固定轴套 7的两侧分别以上述方式固定有两个扭簧 8, 即这两个扭 簧 8的一端分别安装在固定轴套 7的 U形凹部中, 另一端分别安装至基座 11。
在图 8所示的实施方式中, 四个扭簧 8可以都安装在左侧的转轴 3或右 侧的转轴 3上。 其他安装方式也在本发明的范围内。
同样, 在图 8所示的实施方式中, 四个扭簧不必完全相同, 可以根据实 际需要选择不同类型的弹性元件或其组合。 例如, 可以釆用扭簧、 卷簧和压 缩螺旋弹簧的不同组合, 同样能够实现上述作用和效果。
图 9示出了根据本发明的另选示例性实施方式的自动翻转机构 104。 该 自动翻转机构 104与图 1至图 8中所示的自动翻转机构 100至 103的不同之 处在于弹性元件类型及其布置位置。 在该实施方式中, 釆用板簧 42作为所 述弹性元件, 并且该弹性元件没有布置在任何转轴 3上, 而是布置在弹性元 件安装基座 41上。弹性元件安装基座 41可以安装在具有翻转件的设备本体 上或者作为该设备本体的一部分。 如图 9所示,板簧 9的一端固定至弹性元件安装基座 41。板簧 9可以通 过任何适当方式固定至该安装基座, 例如焊接、 铆接、 螺栓或螺钉连接等。 板簧 9的另一端抵靠在盖板 43 (翻转件的示例) 的下面。 根据板簧 42的作 用长度, 可以在盖板 43的下面设置供板簧 42抵靠的突起。 当然, 板簧 42 可以直接抵靠在盖板 43下面。
在图 9所示的实施方式中,盖板 43通过驱动机构 2(没有在图 9中示出) 的驱动而被打开和关闭。在盖板 2的关闭位置(图 9中实线所示的水平位置) 时, 板簧 42被存储预定能量。 当驱动机构 2将盖板 43从关闭位置向打开位 置(图 9中虚线所示的位置)驱动的过程中, 板簧 42存储的预定能量释放, 由此平衡所述翻转件的重量作用。
所述预定能量可以设置成这样, 即: 在盖板 43从关闭位置向打开位置 运动的过程中, 该板簧 42将其所存储的预定能量至少部分地释放。 但是优 选在盖板 43位于打开位置时, 板簧 42未完全恢复到其自由状态。 这样, 可 以确保板簧 42适当张紧而牢固地抵靠在盖板 43上。
可以根据翻转件的重量和重心计算出翻转件扭矩, 并根据翻转件的翻转 角度、 翻转件位于关闭位置时板簧 42需要存储的预定能量以及翻转件位于 完全打开位置时板簧 42剩余的能量来确定板簧 42的参数。
图 9中示出了使用板簧 42的示例。 但除了板簧 42之外, 还可以使用压 缩螺旋弹簧和片簧等。 当然, 也可以使用板簧、 压缩螺旋弹簧和片簧中的任 意组合。
如上所述, 自动翻转装置 100还包括控制系统 9。 该控制系统 9与驱动 机构 2和外部主控制系统(例如, 具有翻转件的设备的主控制系统)通信地 连接。 控制系统 9接收来自外部主控制系统的信号(例如启动信号、 复位信 号或其他信号), 并对外部输入信号进行分析和处理, 然后发出控制指令对 驱动机构的电机进行运行控制。 例如, 电机正转使翻转件关闭, 电机反转使 翻转件打开。 此外, 控制系统 9还对电机的电流进行监控。 如果电流发生异 常则发出保护控制信号, 并对电机进行相应的控制。
下面参照图 2所示的自动翻转装置 100详细描述控制系统 9的操作过程。 如图 2所示, 控制系统 9通过位于壳体 1外部的接插件 10与外部主控 制系统通信连接。 在自动翻转装置 100没有操作时, 翻转件位于关闭位置, 扭簧 8存储预定能量。 当自动翻转装置 100上电时, 控制系统 9开始运转。 当控制系统 9接收到来自外部主控制系统的启动信号时,控制系统 9开始对 驱动机构 2进行控制。 当控制系统 9接收到开启翻转件的指令时, 控制系统 9控制驱动机构 2将翻转件开启。 在开启过程中, 控制系统 9对驱动机构 2 的电机的电流进行监控。如果控制系统 9检测到电机的电流超过第一预定阔 值, 这表明电机的驱动扭矩比正常驱动时的驱动扭矩大。 这说明, 在翻转件 的打开过程中扭簧 8存储的预定能量并没有正确地释放, 也就是说, 扭簧 8 出现了故障(扭簧失效或脱落), 因此在打开过程中没有克服翻转件的重量。 在这种情况下, 控制系统 9发出警报。 警报可以以声音或光(LED )的形式 发出。
此外, 在翻转件的关闭过程中, 控制系统 9也对电机的电流进行检测。 如果电机电流低于第二预定阔值, 则表明在关闭过程中扭簧 9并没有对翻转 件的关闭动作进行緩冲, 从而无法利用翻转件的重量存储所述预定能量, 因 此判断扭簧 9出现故障 (失效或脱落)。 在这种情况下, 控制系统 9发出警 报。
另外, 在翻转件的关闭过程中, 如果电机电流大于第三预定阔值, 则表 明翻转件在关闭过程中夹到或碰到了其他物体(例如小孩的手等)。 在这种 情况下, 控制系统 9控制驱动机构 2反转, 从而使翻转件向打开方向转动, 以避免夹坏或损伤物体。
当控制系统 9接收复位信号时, 控制系统 9控制驱动机构 2, 将翻转件 关闭, 并在关闭过程中使扭簧 8存储预定能量。
图 12示出了控制系统 9的一个示例性框图。 如图 12所示, 控制系统 9 包括信号釆集电路和控制器等。 在图 12中, 控制器从外部主控制系统接收 启动信号、 复位信号和其他信号, 并向电机输出电机控制信号。 同时, 控制 器还对电机的运行状态进行监控。 例如, 控制器通过信号釆集电路釆集电机 的电流, 并通过釆集的电流对电机的各种运行状态进行判断, 并釆取相应的 措施, 如上所述。
图 13示出了用于控制本发明的自动翻转装置 100的控制系统 9的一个 具体电路图。 在图 13中, 釆用单片机 U2 (型号为: STC15F204EA )作为控 制系统 9的控制器。 该型号单片机具有 8路 10位 AD转换器。 然而, 可以 釆用其他类型的单片机, 只要该单片机至少具有两路 AD转换器和数据处理 能力即可。 单片机 U2通过引脚 3、 4、 5从外部主控制系统接收控制指令, 并通过 key5和 key6两个引脚对驱动机构 2的电机进行控制, 即控制电机的正转和 反转。
图 13中的附图标记 131表示信号釆集电路。 信号釆集电路 131包括电 阻器 R4、 R3和 R2。 电阻器 R4的一端连接至 U2的引脚 1 (一路 AD转换 器), 电阻器 R3的一端连接至 U2的引脚 2 (另一路 AD转换器)。 当然, 电 阻器 R4、 R3的所述一端可以分别连接至 U2的其他 AD转换器输入引脚。
电阻器 R4的另一端与电阻器 R2的一端在 AD1处连接, AD1连接至电 机的电源输入端, 用于对电机的电压或电流信号进行釆样。 电阻器 R2的另 一端连接至地 GND2。 电阻器 R3的另一端 AD2也联接至地 GND2。 在 AD1 和 AD2之间与 R2并联连接两个电容器 EC3和 C3。
另外, 在电容器 R4、 R3和 U2的引脚 1、 2之间还分别连接有由电阻器 R6和电容器 EC6构成的滤波电路。 滤过电路用于对输入引脚 1、 2的信号进 行滤波, 使信号更为平滑。
如上所述, AD1连接至电机的电源输入端, 以便对电机的电压或电流进 行釆样。 图 14示出了在电机停止状态、 正转状态和反转状态时 AD1的连接 位置。 这种连接位置确保在 AD1 处总是获得正向电压。 电机停止、 正转和 反转时继电器 KA1和 KA2的触点开关连接方式属于本领域中的公知技术, 在此不再赘述。
在电机工作时,从 AD1釆样的信号经由电阻器 R4输送给 U2的引脚 1, 作为 U2的 AD转换器的一路输入信号。 同时,与地 GND2连接的 AD2信号 (理论上为零电压) 经由电阻器 R3输送给 U2的引脚 2。 U2通过软件对输 入的两个路信号进行差分处理, 以便消除所釆集的电机信号中的干扰。
在传统的电机信号釆集方案中, 一般通过差分放大器将电机信号直接输 送给单片机的一路 AD转换器。 这种方案的缺点是放大器占用电路板空间, 而且成本较高。 而在本发明中, 利用单片机具有的多路 AD转换器, 釆用两 路信号输入(一路为电机信号, 一路为参照信号, 即接地信号)。 这样可以 通过单片机软件编程进行差分处理来消除对电机信号的干扰。
另外, 发明人在实验中发现, 如果该信号釆集电路的接地端与单片机 U2连接至同一个地, 因为信号釆集电路与电机供地, 电机在频繁开闭和停 止过程中产品的强感应电动势会对单片机产生干扰, 甚至造成系统损坏。 因此, 在本发明中, 将信号釆集电路的接地端和电机的接地端连接至
GND2, 而将单片机的接地端连接至不同的地 GND3。 这样, 由于电机的接 地端和单片机的接地端联接至不同的地,避免了电机的频繁开启对单片机造 成的影响, 进而提高了电机信号的取样精度和稳定性。
另外, 图 13还示出了用于给控制器(例如单片机 U2 )、 电机 M ( M1、 M2为电机的两个正负接线端子)和继电器 KA1、 KA2提供电流和 /或电压 的电源 DB 1、 DB2和 DB3。 这些电源可以作为控制系统 9的一部分, 也可 以单独设置。
需要注意的是, 图 13 中所示的电阻器和电容器的具体类型和电阻值、 电容值等仅仅是具体示例, 本领域技术人员可以根据具体情况釆用其他类型 的电阻器、电容器以及电阻值、电容值等。另夕卜,图 13中的地 GND1、 GND2、 GND3表示不同的地, 即这些地是彼此分开的。
其他电路结构与本发明的主题无关, 属于本领域的公知技术, 在此不再 赘述。
虽然参照附图所示的示例性实施方式描述了本发明,但本发明不限于所 描述的具体实施方式。 在本发明的精神和范围内, 本领域技术人员可以对所 示的示例性实施方式进行各种修改和改动。本发明的范围由所附的权利要求 及其等同物来限定。

Claims

1、 一种用于打开和关闭翻转件的自动翻转装置, 该自动翻转装置包括: 底座( 11 ), 该底座( 11 )安装在具有所述翻转件的设备本体上; 至少一个驱动机构 (2), 所述至少一个驱动机构 (2)安装在所述底座 ( 11 )上并连接至所述翻转件, 所述至少一个驱动机构 (2) 能使所述翻转 件自动地在关闭位置和打开位置之间运动; 以及
至少一个弹性元件, 所述至少一个弹性元件被构造和安装成在所述翻转 件位于所述关闭位置时存储预定能量并在所述至少一个驱动机构将所述翻 转件从所述关闭位置向所述打开位置驱动过程中将所存储的预定能量至少 部分地释放, 由此在所述驱动过程中至少部分地平衡所述翻转件的重量作 用。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述自动翻转 装置还包括:
至少一个转轴(3), 所述至少一个转轴(3)中的至少一个第一转轴(3) 的一端通过联轴器(4)分别与所述至少一个驱动机构 (2) 的输出轴连接, 另一端与所述翻转件连接; 和
至少一个支撑件 (6), 所述至少一个支撑件 (6)分别将所述至少一个 转轴 ( 3 )旋转地支撑在所述底座( 11 )上。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述至少一个 转轴(3) 中的至少一个第二转轴(3)的一端为自由端, 另一端与所述翻转 件连接
4、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述自动 翻转装置还包括分别与所述至少一个转轴 (3) 的所述另一端连接的用于安 装所述翻转件的至少一个连接件 (6)。
5、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述至少 一个支撑件(6)的数量为所述至少一个转轴(3)的数量的两倍, 并且所述 至少一个转轴(3) 中的每个转轴(3) 均由对应的两个支撑件 (6) 支撑。
6、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述至少 一个支撑件 (6) 为轴承。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 3中任一项所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述至少一个驱动机构 (2 ) 包括电机。
8、 根据权利要求 2所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述自动翻转 装置还包括至少一个弹性元件安装部, 所述至少一个弹性元件安装部被分别 固定至所述至少一个第一转轴 (3 ) 中的至少一个, 其中所述至少一个弹性 元件 (8 ) 的一端被分别安装至所述弹性元件安装部, 所述至少一个弹性元 件(8 ) 的另一端被分别安装至所述底座(11 )。
9、 根据权利要求 3所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述自动翻转 装置还包括至少一个弹性元件安装部, 所述至少一个弹性元件安装部被分别 固定至所述至少一个第一转轴( 3 )和 /或所述至少一个第二转轴( 3 )中的至 少一个, 其中所述至少一个弹性元件(8 ) 的一端被分别安装至所述弹性元 件安装部,所述至少一个弹性元件( 8 )的另一端被分别安装至所述底座( 11 )。
10、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 在所述至 少一个弹性元件安装部中的每个弹性元件安装部的一侧或两侧均安装有至 少一个弹性元件(8 )。
11、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述弹性 元件安装部为固定地连接在所述至少一个第一转轴(3 )和 /或所述至少一个 第二转轴(3 ) 中的至少一个上的固定轴套(7 ), 其中所述固定轴套(7 )在 其轴向两侧或一侧设置有用于容纳所述弹性元件的一端的 U形凹部。
12、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述弹性 元件安装部为贯穿所述转轴的径向通孔, 所述弹性元件的一端安装在该通孔 中, 另一端安装至所述底座(11 )。
13、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 在所述至 少一个弹性元件安装部中的每个的两侧各设有用于支撑所述转轴 (3 ) 的一 个支撑件( 6 )。
14、 根据权利要求 8或 9所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述至少 一个弹性元件(8 ) 为从由扭簧、 卷簧和压缩螺旋弹簧或它们的任意组合构 成的组中选择的至少一种。
15、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述自动 翻转装置还包括弹性元件安装基座, 该弹性元件安装基座安装在具有所述翻 转件的设备本体上或作为该设备本体的一部分, 其中所述至少一个弹性元件 的一端固定在所述安装基座上, 另一端靠在所述翻转件的至少一部分下面。
16、 根据权利要求 15所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述至少一 个弹性元件为从由板簧、压缩螺旋弹簧和片簧或它们的任意组合构成的组选 择的至少一种。
17、 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所 述至少一个驱动机构 (2) 包括减速电机, 该减速电机的静态扭矩 M静态扭《、 所述翻转件的最大负载扭矩 M ^^和所述至少一个弹性元件(8) 的最 大扭头巨 M弹性元件最大扭《被设置成满足: M翻转件最大扭《〉M静态扭《〉M翻转件最大扭矩一 M弹性元件最 , 从而使得所述翻转件能够停止在所述关闭位置和打开位置之间的预定 区间内的任意位置。
18、 根据权利要求 2或 3所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 该自动翻 转装置还包括盖子 ( 12), 所述盖子 ( 12)和所述基座 ( 11 )一起构成限定 密闭空间的壳体(1), 所述至少一个驱动机构(2)被容纳在该密闭空间中, 其中所述至少一个转轴( 3 )的所述另一端分别伸出到所述壳体( 1 )的外部。
19、 根据权利要求 1所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述自动翻转 装置还包括与所述驱动机构 (2)通信连接的控制系统(9), 其中该控制系 统(9)在所述翻转件的打开过程中监测所述至少一个驱动机构(2)的电流, 并且在所述至少一个驱动机构 (2) 的电流高于第一预定阔值时发出故障警 报。
20、 根据权利要求 19所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述控制系 统(9)还在所述翻转件关闭过程中监测所述至少一个驱动机构(2)的电流, 并且在所述至少一个驱动机构 (2) 的电流低于第二预定阔值时发出故障警 报。
21、 根据权利要求 19或 20所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述控 制系统(9)还在所述翻转件的关闭过程中监测所述至少一个驱动机构 (2) 的电流, 并且在所述至少一个驱动机构 (2) 的电流高于第三预定阔值时发 出安全警报, 并通过所述至少一个驱动机构 (2)朝向所述打开位置驱动所 述翻转件。
22、 根据权利要求 19所述的自动翻转装置, 其特征在于, 所述控制系 统(9)通过设置在底座(11 )外部的接插件 (10) 与外部主控制系统通信 连接。
23、 根据权利要求 1所述的自动翻转装置, 该自动翻转装置还包括控制 系统(9), 该控制系统(9)与所述至少一个驱动机构(2) 的电机连接, 并 包括:
控制器, 该控制器与外部主控制系统通信连接并连接至所述电机, 以根 据外部主控制系统的信号对所述电机进行控制, 所述控制器包括至少两路 AD转换器; 以及
信号釆集电路, 所述信号釆集电路包括:
第一电阻器 (R4), 该第一电阻器 (R4) 的一端连接至所述至少两路 AD转换器中的一路 AD转换器, 另一端 (AD1)与所述电机的电源输入端 相连, 用于釆集所述电机的电压或电流信号;
第二电阻器 (R3), 该第二电阻器 (R3) 的一端连接至所述至少两路 AD转换器中的另一路 AD转换器, 另一端 (AD2) 与所述电机的接地端连 接 和
毫欧电阻器 (R2), 所述第一电阻器 (R4) 的所述另一端 (AD1)连接 至所述毫欧电阻器 (R2) 的一端, 该毫欧电阻器 (R2) 的另一端与所述电 机的接地端连接,
其中所述控制器对两路 AD转换器釆集的两路信号进行差分处理, 以消 除所釆集的电机信号中的干扰。
24、 根据权利要求 23所述的控制系统(9), 其特征在于, 所述电机的 接地端和所述控制器的接地端接在分开的地(GND2、 GND3)上。
25、 根据权利要求 23或 24所述的控制系统(9), 其特征在于, 该信 号釆集电路还包括与所述毫欧电阻器( R2 )并联连接在所述第一电阻器( R4 ) 的所述另一端和所述电机的接地端( GND2 )之间的并联连接的电容器( EC3、 C3 )。
26、 根据权利要求 23或 24所述的控制系统(9), 其特征在于, 所述第 一电阻器(R4)的所述一端还连接至滤波电路的一端, 所述滤波电路的另一 端连接至所述控制器的接地端 (GND3), 并且所述第二电阻器 (R3) 的所 述一端连接至另一个滤波电路的一端, 所述另一个滤波电路的另一端连接至 所述控制器的接地端 (GND3)。
27、 一种用于控制电机操作的控制系统(9), 该控制系统(9) 包括: 控制器, 该控制器与外部主控制系统通信连接并连接至所述电机, 以根 据外部主控制系统的信号对所述电机进行控制, 所述控制器包括至少两路 AD转换器; 和
信号釆集电路, 所述信号釆集电路包括:
第一电阻器 (R4), 该第一电阻器 (R4) 的一端连接至所述至少两路 AD转换器中的一路 AD转换器, 另一端 (AD1)与所述电机的电源输入端 相连, 用于釆集所述电机的电压或电流信号;
第二电阻器 (R3), 该第二电阻器 (R3) 的一端连接至所述至少两路 AD转换器中的另一路 AD转换器, 另一端 (AD2) 与所述电机的接地端连 接 和
毫欧电阻器 (R2), 所述第一电阻器 (R4) 的所述另一端 (AD1)连接 至所述毫欧电阻器 (R2) 的一端, 该毫欧电阻器 (R2) 的另一端连接与所 述电机的接地端连接,
其中所述控制器对两路 AD转换器釆集的两路信号进行差分处理, 以消 除所釆集的电机信号中的干扰。
28、 根据权利要求 27所述的控制系统(9), 其特征在于, 所述电机的 接地端和所述控制器的接地端接在分开的地(GND2、 GND3)上。
29、 根据权利要求 27或 28所述的控制系统(9), 其特征在于, 该信 号釆集电路还包括与所述毫欧电阻器( R2 )并联连接在所述第一电阻器( R4 ) 的所述另一端和所述电机的接地端( GND2 )之间的并联连接的电容器( EC3、 C3 )。
30、 根据权利要求 27或 28所述的控制系统(9), 其特征在于, 所述第 一电阻器(R4)的所述一端还连接至滤波电路的一端, 所述滤波电路的另一 端连接至所述控制器的接地端 (GND3), 并且所述第二电阻器 (R3) 的所 述一端连接至另一个滤波电路的一端, 所述另一个滤波电路的另一端连接至 所述控制器的接地端 (GND3)。
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