WO2015122071A1 - 粒子分取装置、粒子分取方法、プログラム及び粒子分取システム - Google Patents
粒子分取装置、粒子分取方法、プログラム及び粒子分取システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015122071A1 WO2015122071A1 PCT/JP2014/080588 JP2014080588W WO2015122071A1 WO 2015122071 A1 WO2015122071 A1 WO 2015122071A1 JP 2014080588 W JP2014080588 W JP 2014080588W WO 2015122071 A1 WO2015122071 A1 WO 2015122071A1
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- particle sorting
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Definitions
- This technology relates to a particle sorting device, a particle sorting method, a program thereof, and a particle sorting system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for detecting the presence or absence of bubbles or foreign matters in a droplet based on the image of the droplet.
- flow cytometry when analyzing biologically relevant particles such as cells, microorganisms and liposomes, flow cytometry (flow cytometer) is used (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Flow cytometry is performed by irradiating particles that flow in a line in a flow path with laser light (excitation light) of a specific wavelength, and detecting fluorescence and scattered light emitted from each particle. This is a method of analyzing the particles one by one.
- the type, size, and structure of each particle can be determined by converting light detected by a photodetector into an electrical signal, digitizing it, and performing statistical analysis.
- Some flow cytometers have a function to sort and collect only microparticles with specific characteristics based on the analysis results, and the “cell sorter” is a microparticle sorting device specifically for sorting cells. is called.
- the “cell sorter” is a microparticle sorting device specifically for sorting cells. is called.
- a fluid discharged from the flow path is made into droplets by applying vibration to a flow cell or a microchip by a vibration element or the like (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique regarding a cell sorter equipped with a bubble detector. According to this technique, the bubble detector can be connected to the flow path, and the air bubbles present in the flow path can be detected.
- the main object of the present disclosure is to provide a particle sorting device, a particle sorting method, a program, and a particle sorting system that can easily detect bubbles, foreign matters, and the like in a droplet.
- the present disclosure relates to preset reference image information including reference droplet image information related to brightness of an image of a droplet imaged after ejection from the orifice, and a droplet containing particles imaged after ejection from the orifice.
- a particle sorting apparatus including a determination unit that determines whether or not captured image information including captured droplet image information related to the brightness of the image of the image has changed.
- the reference image information includes the reference droplet image information, and reference background image information related to luminance of a background image other than a droplet having a luminance peak value higher than that of the reference droplet image information, and the captured image
- the information may include the imaging droplet image information and imaging background image information related to luminance other than the droplets having a luminance peak value higher than that of the imaging droplet image information.
- the determination unit may determine whether or not the luminance peak value of the captured droplet image information is higher than the luminance peak value of the reference droplet image information. In addition, the determination unit may determine the number of pixels having a luminance within a predetermined range from a luminance peak value related to the droplet image in the reference droplet image information, rather than the reference droplet image information.
- the determination unit may determine the number of pixels having a luminance within a predetermined range from a peak value of luminance related to an image other than the droplet in the reference image information than the reference droplet image information. It may be determined whether or not there are fewer.
- the particle sorting device is disposed to face the charging unit that applies charge to at least a part of the droplets ejected from the orifice, and to sandwich the fluid stream formed by the droplets, A deflection plate that changes a traveling direction of the droplet, and a first image that acquires the image of the droplet at a position where the fluid discharged from the orifice is formed into a droplet, and generates the reference image information and the captured image information.
- an imaging unit At this time, a storage unit for storing the reference image information may be further provided.
- the reference image information may be image information including an image of a droplet that does not contain particles.
- a second imaging unit that acquires an image of the droplet that has passed between the deflecting plates is further provided, and the determination unit is configured so that the second image information of the droplet acquired by the second imaging unit is stored in advance. It is determined whether or not it is set stable image information, and when the second image information is the stable image information, an image captured by the first imaging unit of the droplet for the second image information Information may be determined as the reference image information. Furthermore, a notification unit that notifies the user of warning information when the captured image information has changed with respect to the reference image information may be provided. Moreover, when the said captured image information is changing with respect to the said reference image information, you may further provide the control part which stops automatically the collection of the droplet containing particle
- the determination unit discharges the orifice from the orifice with respect to preset reference image information including reference droplet image information related to the luminance of the droplet image picked up after discharge from the orifice. It is determined whether or not the captured image information including the captured droplet image information relating to the brightness of the image of the droplet containing the particles captured later has changed.
- a program according to the present disclosure includes particles imaged after ejection from an orifice with respect to preset reference image information including reference droplet image information relating to brightness of an image of a droplet imaged after ejection from the orifice.
- the particle sorting apparatus is caused to execute a function of determining whether or not the captured image information including the captured droplet image information related to the brightness of the image of the droplet to be changed has changed.
- the particle sorting system is imaged after ejection from the orifice with respect to preset reference image information including reference droplet image information related to the brightness of the image of the droplet imaged after ejection from the orifice.
- a determination unit is provided for determining whether or not the captured image information including the captured droplet image information related to the brightness of the image of the droplet containing particles has changed.
- a and B are diagrams illustrating examples of images captured by the first imaging unit 8. It is a figure which shows the example of the histogram about the reference
- FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structural example of the particle sorting system 102 which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this indication. It is a flowchart figure which shows the outline
- a to D are diagrams illustrating examples of images captured by the second imaging unit 9.
- First Embodiment Example of a sorting apparatus that detects bubbles, foreign matters, etc. based on reference image information stored in advance
- Second Embodiment Example of Sorting Device Using Image Information of Particle-Free Droplets Containing No Particles as Reference Image Information
- Third Embodiment Example of sorting apparatus for determining reference image information from side stream image information
- Fourth embodiment an example of a system in which sorting of particles and detection of bubbles, foreign matters, etc. in droplets are performed by different devices
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a particle sorting apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the particle sorting apparatus 1 detects bubbles, foreign matters, and the like in a droplet containing particles based on information of a captured image.
- a vibration element 3 As shown in FIG. A vibration element 3, a charging unit 4, deflecting plates 5a and 5b, a determination unit 7, a storage unit 10 and the like are provided.
- the particles analyzed and sorted by the particle sorting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment include biologically related fine particles such as cells, microorganisms and ribosomes, or synthetic particles such as latex particles, gel particles and industrial particles. included.
- Biologically relevant microparticles include chromosomes, ribosomes, mitochondria, organelles (cell organelles) and the like that constitute various cells.
- the cells include plant cells, animal cells, blood cells, and the like.
- microorganisms include bacteria such as Escherichia coli, viruses such as tobacco mosaic virus, and fungi such as yeast.
- the biologically relevant microparticles can include biologically relevant polymers such as nucleic acids, proteins, and complexes thereof.
- examples of the industrial particles include those formed of an organic polymer material, an inorganic material, a metal material, or the like.
- organic polymer material polystyrene, styrene / divinylbenzene, polymethyl methacrylate, or the like can be used.
- glass, silica, a magnetic material, etc. can be used as an inorganic material.
- metal material for example, gold colloid and aluminum can be used.
- the shape of these particles is generally spherical, but may be non-spherical, and the size and mass are not particularly limited.
- the microchip 2 includes a sample inlet 22 into which a liquid (sample liquid) containing particles to be sorted is introduced, a sheath inlet 23 into which a sheath liquid is introduced, a suction outlet 24 for eliminating clogging and bubbles, and the like. Is formed.
- the sample liquid is introduced into the sample inlet 22, merged with the sheath liquid introduced into the sheath inlet 23, and sent to the sample flow path, and the orifice 21 provided at the end of the sample flow path. It is discharged from.
- a suction channel communicating with the suction outlet 24 is connected to the sample channel.
- This suction channel is used to eliminate clogging and air bubbles by creating a negative pressure in the sample channel and temporarily reversing the flow when clogging or air bubbles occur in the sample channel.
- a negative pressure source such as a vacuum pump is connected to 24.
- the microchip 2 can be formed of glass or various plastics (PP, PC, COP, PDMS, etc.).
- the material of the microchip 1 is desirably a material that is transparent to measurement light emitted from a light detection unit described later, has less autofluorescence, and has less optical error due to small wavelength dispersion.
- the microchip 2 can be formed by wet etching or dry etching of a glass substrate, or by nanoimprinting, injection molding, or machining of a plastic substrate.
- the microchip 2 can be formed, for example, by sealing a substrate formed with a sample flow path or the like with a substrate of the same material or a different material.
- the vibrating element 3 generates a fluid stream (droplet flow) S by converting the fluid discharged from the orifice 21 into droplets by applying minute vibrations to the liquid flowing through the flow path.
- a piezoelectric element or the like can be used.
- the vibration element 3 only needs to be provided at a position where vibration can be imparted to the liquid flowing through the flow path.
- the vibration element 3 can You may attach to the piping which introduce
- the charging unit 4 imparts positive or negative charges to the droplets ejected from the orifice 21.
- the charging electrode 41 is disposed in contact with the sheath liquid and / or sample liquid flowing through the flow path, and applies charge to the sheath liquid and / or sample liquid.
- the charging electrode inlet of the microchip 2 is used. Inserted into.
- the charging electrode 41 is disposed so as to contact the sample liquid, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and may be disposed so as to contact the sheath liquid. You may arrange
- the deflecting plates 5a and 5b change the traveling direction of each droplet in the fluid stream S by an electric force acting between the electric charges applied to the droplets and guide them to predetermined recovery containers 6a to 6c.
- These are arranged opposite to each other across the fluid stream S.
- commonly used electrodes can be used for the deflection plates 5a and 5b.
- a different positive or negative voltage is applied to each of the deflecting plates 5a and 5b, and when a charged droplet passes through the electric field formed thereby, an electric force (Coulomb force) is generated, and each liquid Drops are attracted in the direction of one of the deflecting plates 5a and 5b.
- the direction of the droplet flow (side stream) attracted by the electric field can be controlled by changing the sign of the charge to the droplet and the amount of charge. It becomes possible to sort the particles simultaneously.
- the collection containers 6a to 6c collect droplets that have passed between the deflection plates 5a and 5b, and general-purpose plastic tubes, glass tubes, and the like can be used for experiments. These collection containers 6a to 6c are preferably arranged so as to be replaceable in the apparatus. Moreover, a drainage channel for collected droplets may be connected to the collection containers 6a to 6c that receive non-target particles.
- the number and kind of the collection containers arranged in the particle sorting apparatus 1 are not particularly limited. When three or more recovery containers are arranged, each droplet is guided to one of the recovery containers depending on the presence / absence of the electric acting force between the deflecting plates 5a and 5b and the size thereof. What should I do?
- the determination unit 7 determines whether the captured image information 81 has changed with respect to the reference image information 80.
- the reference image information 80 is image information including reference droplet image information 801 of a droplet in which bubbles, foreign matter, and the like imaged after ejection from the orifice are not mixed.
- the captured image information 81 is image information including captured droplet image information 811 relating to the brightness of the image of a droplet containing particles.
- the determination unit 7 When it is determined by the determination unit 7 that the captured image information 81 has changed with respect to the reference image information 80, it is understood that bubbles, foreign matters, and the like are mixed in the droplet containing the particles. . Therefore, when air bubbles or foreign matters are mixed, the sorting can be interrupted, and the stability and reliability of the apparatus can be maintained.
- the first imaging unit (camera) 8 acquires a droplet image at a position (break-off point) where the fluid discharged from the orifice is formed into droplets, and generates reference image information 80 and captured image information 81. .
- the imaging of a droplet can use various image pick-up elements, such as a photoelectric conversion element other than imaging devices, such as CCD and a CMOS camera.
- the 1st imaging part 8 may be provided with the moving mechanism for changing the position.
- the particle sorting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment may be provided with a light source (not shown) that illuminates the imaging region in combination with the first imaging unit 8. By causing the strobe of the first imaging unit 8 to emit light for a certain period of time at each droplet formation cycle, it is possible to acquire a droplet image at a specific timing when the droplet is formed.
- the storage unit 10 is a device for storing various types of data, and includes, for example, a magnetic storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD), a semiconductor storage device, an optical storage device, or a magneto-optical storage device. Is done.
- the storage unit 10 stores the image information obtained by the first imaging unit 8 via the input / output interface.
- the storage unit 10 can store reference image information 80 in advance, as will be described later.
- Control unit 11 The control unit 11 controls the particle sorting apparatus 1 so that the sorting of the droplets containing particles is automatically stopped when the captured image information 81 is changed with respect to the reference image information 80. Can do. The user can arbitrarily set whether or not to execute this function by the control unit 11.
- the notification unit 12 notifies the user of warning information when the captured image information 81 has changed with respect to the reference image information 80.
- the warning information is not particularly limited as long as the user can grasp that bubbles, foreign matters, and the like are mixed in the droplet.
- a display such as blinking of a lamp installed in the particle sorting apparatus 1 is possible. It may be information or output information such as a warning sound.
- the particle sorting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment for example, light (measurement light) is irradiated to a predetermined portion of the sample flow path, and light (measurement target light) generated from the particles flowing through the sample flow path is detected.
- a light detection unit (not shown) is provided.
- the light detection unit can be configured in the same manner as in conventional flow cytometry. Specifically, a laser light source, an irradiation system consisting of a condenser lens, dichroic mirror, bandpass filter, etc. that collects and irradiates laser light onto the particle, and measurement target light generated from the particle by laser light irradiation And a detection system for detecting.
- the detection system includes, for example, a PMT (Photo Multiplier Tube), an area imaging device such as a CCD or a CMOS device.
- the irradiation system and the detection system may be configured by the same optical path or may be configured by separate optical paths.
- the measurement target light detected by the detection system of the light detection unit is light generated from the particles by irradiation of the measurement light.
- various kinds of light such as forward scattered light, side scattered light, Rayleigh scattering, and Mie scattering are used. It can be scattered light, fluorescence, or the like.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an outline of a method for detecting bubbles, foreign matters and the like by the particle sorting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the reference image information 80 is read from the storage unit 10 (step S11).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image captured by the first imaging unit 8, where A is an image related to the reference image information 80, and B is an image related to captured image information 81 to be described later.
- the reference image information 80 is preset image information including reference droplet image information 801 relating to the brightness of the image of the droplet imaged after ejection from the orifice 21, and is free from bubbles, foreign matter, and the like. Image information including droplets.
- Reference numeral 802 denotes reference background image information relating to a background image other than the droplet. Since the droplet formation frequency is 10 to 30 kHz and the first imaging unit 8 is about 30 fps, the image shown in FIG. 3 is an image in which several hundred to several thousand images are superimposed. .
- the sample is set in the particle sorting apparatus 1, and the droplet sorting is started (steps S12 and S13 in FIG. 2).
- the first image pickup unit 8 picks up the liquid droplets, and the picked-up image information 81 of the image as shown in FIG. 3B is obtained (step S14).
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a histogram for the reference image information 80 and the captured image information 81.
- This histogram is information obtained from an image picked up by the first image pickup unit 8 as shown in FIG. 3, and is information in which the horizontal axis represents luminance and the vertical axis represents the number of pixels of each luminance.
- the reference image information 80 includes a peak value that maximizes the number of pixels on the high luminance (luminance indicated by symbol B in FIG. 4) side and the number of pixels on the low luminance (luminance indicated by symbol D in FIG. 4) side.
- the low-luminance image information having the peak value Iref is reference droplet image information 801.
- the image information having a peak on the high luminance side is reference background image information 802 relating to the luminance of the background image other than the droplet.
- the luminance value at the boundary between the codes D and B can be arbitrarily set as appropriate.
- the peak luminance value that maximizes the number of pixels on the high luminance side and the number of pixels on the low luminance side are maximized.
- the image information on the low luminance side having the peak luminance value I is the captured droplet image information 811.
- image information having a peak luminance value on the high luminance side is imaging background image information 812 relating to the luminance of the background image other than the droplet.
- the determination unit 7 determines whether or not the peak luminance value I is shifted with respect to the peak luminance value Iref. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, when bubbles or foreign matter are mixed in the captured droplet, the image of the captured droplet image information 811 with respect to the image of the reference droplet image information 801. Is blurred as a whole. Therefore, the peak luminance value I is shifted to the high luminance side with respect to the peak luminance value Iref.
- the determination unit 7 determines whether or not the peak luminance value I is within the range of Iref ⁇ i. This i is preferably about 10 to 30 when the overall luminance is 256 gradations. Thereby, it is possible to detect mixing of bubbles, foreign matters, and the like with higher accuracy.
- the determination unit 7 determines whether or not the captured image information 81 is smaller than the reference image information 80 by a predetermined value or more with respect to the number of pixels in the range of Iref ⁇ i.
- the predetermined value is preferably about 25 to 50% of the number of pixels in the range in the reference image information 80, because it becomes possible to detect mixing of bubbles, foreign matters, etc. with higher accuracy. .
- the determination unit 7 may determine whether or not the captured background image information 812 is smaller than the reference background image information 802 with respect to the number of pixels within a predetermined range from the peak luminance value on the high luminance side. it can.
- the predetermined range is preferably about 5 to 10% of the number of pixels in the range in the reference background image information 80, because it becomes possible to detect mixing of bubbles, foreign matters, etc. with higher accuracy. .
- the determination unit 7 can accurately detect the presence of bubbles, foreign matters, and the like based not only on the reference droplet image information 801 but also on the reference background image information 802.
- Step S16 when the determination unit 7 determines that the captured image information 81 has changed with respect to the reference image information 80, bubbles, foreign matter, or the like are mixed in the particle sorting apparatus 1.
- Step S16 Thereby, for example, the sample collection is automatically stopped by the control unit 11, or warning information is notified to the user by the notification unit 12. At this time, it is also possible to stabilize the flow path by automatically sucking the sample through a suction port (not shown) provided in the laminar flow generation unit.
- the determination unit 7 determines that the captured image information 81 has not changed with respect to the reference image information 80, the particle sorting apparatus 1 continues to sort droplets.
- the particle sorting apparatus 1 of the present embodiment it is possible to easily grasp the presence of bubbles, foreign matters, and the like by comparing the reference image information 80 and the captured image information 81 of the droplet. . Therefore, sample collection can be stopped due to the presence of air bubbles, foreign matters, and the like, and for example, clogging of the flow path and the like due to the inclusion of foreign matters can be suppressed, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the particle sorting apparatus 1. be able to. In addition, even when the sample that has been set to be sorted runs out and air bubbles are mixed, the sample sorting operation can be automatically stopped, and the convenience of the particle sorting apparatus 1 can be improved. Further, since the presence of bubbles or the like can be easily grasped by the first imaging unit 8, it is not necessary to separately provide a device such as a bubble detection sensor in the particle sorting device 1. The degree of freedom can be improved and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the microchip 2 has been described as an example.
- the present disclosure is not limited to this, and the same may be applied even if a flow cell is used instead of the microchip 2. An effect is obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the particle sorting apparatus 102 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an outline of a method for detecting bubbles, foreign matters, and the like by the particle sorting apparatus 102 according to the present embodiment. Since air bubbles, foreign substances, etc. are often mixed from the sample inlet 22, a stream that does not contain particles is stable (does not contain air bubbles, foreign substances, etc. as droplets) in many cases.
- the particle sorting apparatus 102 generates a stream that does not contain particles (a particle-free stream), and sets image information of droplets in the stream as reference image information 80. Therefore, in the particle sorting apparatus 102 of the present embodiment, it is not always necessary to read out data from the storage unit 10 in the process of detecting bubbles, foreign matters, and the like in the configuration of the first embodiment described above.
- a particle-free stream that does not contain particles is generated (step S21).
- image information obtained by imaging the droplets in the particle-free stream by the first imaging unit 8 is set as reference image information 80 (step S22).
- the reference image information 80 may be stored in the storage unit 10 or may not be stored.
- Steps S12 to S16 a method for setting a sample to be sorted and determining whether bubbles or foreign substances are mixed in the stream containing particles is performed in the same manner as the particle sorting apparatus 1 of the first embodiment.
- Steps S12 to S16 Other configurations and effects of the particle sorting apparatus 102 are the same as those in the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the droplet image information of the particle-free stream in which bubbles or foreign matters are not mixed is set as the reference image information 80 before sample collection. Therefore, it is not always necessary to read the reference image information 80 stored in advance from the storage unit 10, and the presence of bubbles, foreign matters, and the like in the droplet can be easily determined.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration example of the particle sorting apparatus 103 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an outline of a method for detecting bubbles, foreign matters, and the like by the particle sorting apparatus 103 according to this embodiment.
- a second imaging unit (camera) 9 is provided for acquiring an image of the droplet that has passed through.
- the first imaging unit 8 captures the droplet.
- the obtained image information is set as reference image information 80.
- imaging elements such as a photoelectric conversion element
- imaging apparatuses such as CCD and a CMOS camera
- the second imaging unit 9 may be provided with a moving mechanism for changing its position.
- a side stream is generated by charging the droplets regularly with positive or negative charges (step S31).
- the side stream droplets may or may not contain particles.
- the second imaging unit 9 captures the side stream that has passed between the deflecting plates 5a and 5b, and acquires second image information (step S32).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image captured by the second imaging unit 9.
- the image information indicated by A is the stable image information 90
- the image information indicated by BD is unstable image information 91-93. It is.
- the determination unit 7 has, for example, a length in the direction in which the stream is formed is an arbitrary L or more and a width is an arbitrary W or less.
- L / W can be set suitably and a predetermined range can be made into a preferable range.
- the determination unit 7 can determine that bubbles or foreign matters are not mixed in the droplet, and can use the image information of the droplet imaged by the first imaging unit 8 as the reference image information 80. (Steps S33 and S34).
- the determination unit 7 converts the image information into unstable image information 91 and The image information that is determined and imaged by the first imaging unit 8 for the droplet is not used as the reference image information.
- the determination unit 7 similarly converts the image information into the unstable image information 92. judge.
- FIG. 9D when an image 933 having an arbitrary number of pixels N or more is obtained in addition to the line images 931 and 932 related to the side stream, the determination unit 7 uses the image information as an unstable image. The information 93 is determined.
- the image information captured by the first imaging unit 8 for the droplet is set as the reference image information 80 (step in FIG. 8). S35).
- the reference image information 80 may be stored by the storage unit 10 or may not be stored.
- the side imaging is performed by the second imaging unit 9 until stable image information is obtained.
- a method for setting a sample to be sorted and determining whether bubbles or foreign matters are mixed in the sample droplets is the particle sorting device 1 or 102 according to the first or second embodiment. (Steps S12 to S16).
- other configurations and effects of the particle sorting apparatus 103 are the same as those in the first and second embodiments of the present disclosure.
- the image information of the droplet with a stable side stream is used as the reference image information 80, so that bubbles and foreign matters in the droplet can be more accurately and easily. Etc. can be determined.
- the sorting and detection of particles by the particle sorting devices 1, 102, 103 described in the first to third embodiments and the analysis by the determination unit 7 are performed by different devices.
- the particle sorting apparatuses 1, 102, 103 and the apparatus (not shown) provided with the determination unit 7 may be directly connected via a server or can communicate with each other via a network. It may be connected to.
- the present disclosure can take the following configurations.
- a particle sorting device comprising a determination unit that determines whether or not captured image information including captured droplet image information about the image has changed.
- the reference image information includes the reference droplet image information, and reference background image information related to the luminance of a background image other than a droplet having a higher luminance peak value than the reference droplet image information
- the captured image information includes the captured droplet image information, and captured background image information related to brightness other than a droplet having a luminance peak value higher than that of the captured droplet image information.
- the determination unit determines whether or not the luminance peak value of the captured droplet image information is higher than the luminance peak value of the reference droplet image information.
- the determination unit determines the number of pixels of luminance within a predetermined range from the luminance peak value related to the droplet image in the reference droplet image information, and the captured droplet image information is more than the reference droplet image information.
- the determination unit is configured to detect the number of pixels having luminance within a predetermined range from a peak value of luminance related to an image other than the droplet in the reference image information. (2) to (4).
- a charging portion for applying a charge to at least a part of a droplet discharged from the orifice;
- a deflecting plate that is disposed opposite to the fluid stream formed by the droplets and changes the traveling direction of the droplets;
- a first imaging unit that acquires an image of the droplet at a position where the fluid discharged from the orifice is converted into a droplet, and generates the reference image information and the captured image information;
- the particle sorting apparatus according to any one of (1) to (5), comprising: (7) The particle sorting apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6), further including a storage unit that stores the reference image information.
- the particle sorting apparatus according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the reference image information is image information including an image of a droplet that does not contain particles.
- a second imaging unit that acquires an image of the droplet that has passed between the deflection plates; The determination unit determines whether the second image information of the droplet acquired by the second imaging unit is preset stable image information; When the second image information is the stable image information, the image information captured by the first imaging unit of the droplet for the second image information is determined as the reference image information. Particle sorting device.
- the particle sorting apparatus according to any one of (1) to (9), further including a notification unit that notifies the user of warning information.
- the particle sorting apparatus When the captured image information has changed with respect to the reference image information, the particle sorting apparatus according to any one of (1) to (10), further comprising a control unit that automatically stops sorting of droplets containing particles.
- a control unit that automatically stops sorting of droplets containing particles.
- Luminance of the image of a droplet containing particles imaged after ejection from the orifice relative to preset reference image information including reference droplet image information relating to the luminance of the image of the droplet imaged after ejection from the orifice A program for causing a particle sorting device to execute a function of determining whether or not captured image information including captured droplet image information is changed.
- a particle sorting system comprising a determination unit that determines whether or not captured image information including captured droplet image information is changed.
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Abstract
Description
前記基準画像情報は、前記基準液滴画像情報と、該基準液滴画像情報よりも輝度のピーク値が高い液滴以外の背景画像の輝度に関する基準背景画像情報と、を有し、前記撮像画像情報は、前記撮像液滴画像情報と、該撮像液滴画像情報よりも輝度のピーク値が高い液滴以外の輝度に関する撮像背景画像情報と、を有していてもよい。
また、前記判定部は、前記基準液滴画像情報の輝度のピーク値よりも、前記撮像液滴画像情報の輝度のピーク値が高いか否かを判定してもよい。
また、前記判定部は、前記基準液滴画像情報中の液滴画像に関する輝度のピーク値から所定の範囲内にある輝度の画素数について、前記基準液滴画像情報よりも前記撮像液滴画像情報の方が、少ないか否かを判定してもよい。
また、前記判定部は、前記基準画像情報中の液滴以外の画像に関する輝度のピーク値から所定の範囲内にある輝度の画素数について、前記基準液滴画像情報よりも前記撮像液滴画像情報の方が、少ないか否かを判定してもよい。
また、前記粒子分取装置は、前記オリフィスから吐出される液滴の少なくとも一部に電荷を付与する荷電部と、前記液滴により形成される流体ストリームを挟んで対向して配置され、前記液滴の進行方向を変化させる偏向板と、前記オリフィスから吐出される流体が液滴化される位置において前記液滴の画像を取得し、前記基準画像情報と前記撮像画像情報とを生成する第1撮像部と、を備えていてもよい。
このとき、前記基準画像情報を記憶する記憶部を更に備えていてもよい。
また、前記基準画像情報は、粒子を含有しない液滴の画像を含む画像情報であってもよい。
更に、前記偏向板間を通過した前記液滴の画像を取得する第2撮像部を更に備え、前記判定部は、前記第2撮像部により取得された前記液滴の第2画像情報が、予め設定された安定画像情報であるか否かを判定し、前記第2画像情報が前記安定画像情報である場合に、前記第2画像情報についての前記液滴の第1撮像部により撮像された画像情報を前記基準画像情報と決定してもよい。
更に、前記基準画像情報に対し、前記撮像画像情報が変化している場合に、ユーザに警告情報を通知する通知部を備えていてもよい。
また、前記基準画像情報に対し、前記撮像画像情報が変化している場合に、粒子を含有する液滴の分取を自動で停止させる制御部を更に備えていてもよい。
1.第1の実施形態
(予め記憶された基準画像情報に基づいて気泡や異物等を検出する分取装置の例)
2.第2の実施形態
(粒子を含有しない粒子非含有液滴の画像情報を基準画像情報とする分取装置の例)
3.第3の実施形態
(サイドストリームの画像情報から基準画像情報を決定する分取装置の例)
4.第4の実施形態
(粒子の分取と、液滴中の気泡や異物等の検出とを異なる装置で行うシステムの例)
先ず、本開示の第1の実施形態に係る粒子分取装置1について説明する。図1は本開示の第1の実施形態の粒子分取装置1の概略構成を示す図である。
本実施形態の粒子分取装置1は、撮像された画像の情報に基づいて粒子を含有する液滴中の気泡や異物等を検出するものであり、図1に示すように、マイクロチップ2、振動素子3、荷電部4、偏向板5a,5b、判定部7、記憶部10等を備えている。
本実施形態の粒子分取装置1により分析され、分取される粒子には、細胞、微生物及びリボゾーム等の生体関連微小粒子、又はラテックス粒子、ゲル粒子及び工業用粒子等の合成粒子等が広く含まれる。
マイクロチップ2には、分取対象とする粒子を含む液体(サンプル液)が導入されるサンプルインレット22、シース液が導入されるシースインレット23、詰まりや気泡を解消するための吸引アウトレット24などが形成されている。このマイクロチップ2では、サンプル液は、サンプルインレット22に導入され、シースインレット23に導入されたシース液と合流して、サンプル流路に送液され、サンプル流路の終端に設けられたオリフィス21から吐出される。
振動素子3は、流路内を通流する液に微小な振動を与えることにより、オリフィス21から吐出される流体を液滴化して、流体ストリーム(液滴の流れ)Sを発生させるものであり、圧電素子等を用いることができる。振動素子3は、流路内を通流する液に振動を付与できる位置に設けられていればよく、マイクロチップ2の内部やマイクロチップ2に当接配置する他にも、シース配管等の流路に液を導入する配管に取り付けられていてもよい。
荷電部4は、オリフィス21から吐出される液滴に、正又は負の電荷を付与するものであり、電荷用電極41及びこの電極41に所定の電圧を印加する電圧源(電圧供給部42)等で構成されている。荷電用電極41は、流路中を通流するシース液及び/又はサンプル液に接触配置されて、シース液及び/又はサンプル液に電荷を付与するものであり、例えばマイクロチップ2の荷電電極インレットに挿入される。
偏向板5a,5bは、液滴に付与された電荷との間に作用する電気的な力によって、流体ストリームS中の各液滴の進行方向を変更し、所定の回収容器6a~6cに誘導するものであり、流体ストリームSを挟んで対向配置されている。この偏向板5a,5bには、例えば通常使用される電極を使用することができる。
回収容器6a~6cは、偏向板5a,5bの間を通過した液滴を回収するものであり、実験用として汎用のプラスチック製チューブやガラスチューブ等を使用することができる。これらの回収容器6a~6cは、装置内に交換可能に配置されるものであることが好ましい。また、回収容器6a~6cのうち非目的の粒子を受け入れるものには、回収した液滴の排液路を連結してもよい。
判定部7は、基準画像情報80に対して、撮像画像情報81が変化しているか否かを判定する。この基準画像情報80とは、後述するように、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された気泡や異物等が混入していない液滴の基準液滴画像情報801を含む画像情報である。また、撮像画像情報81とは、粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報811を含む画像情報である。
第1撮像部(カメラ)8は、オリフィスから吐出される流体が液滴化される位置(ブレークオフポイント)において液滴の画像を取得し、基準画像情報80と撮像画像情報81とを生成する。なお、液滴の撮像は、CCDやCMOSカメラなどの撮像装置の他に、光電変換素子などの各種撮像素子を使用することができる。また、第1撮像部8には、その位置を変更するための移動機構が設けられていてもよい。更に、本実施形態の粒子分取装置1には、第1撮像部8と併せて、撮影領域を照明する光源(図示せず)が設けられていてもよい。第1撮像部8のストロボを液滴形成周期ごとに一定時間発光させることで、液滴が形成される特定のタイミングで液滴画像を取得することが可能となる。
記憶部10は、各種のデータを格納するための装置であり、例えば、ハードディスクドライブ(HDD;Hard Disk Drive)等の磁気記憶デバイス、半導体記憶デバイス、光記憶デバイス、又は光磁気記憶デバイス等により構成される。記憶部10は、入出力インターフェースを介して第1撮像部8で得られた画像情報を、記憶する。特に、記憶部10は、後述するように、基準画像情報80を予め記憶しておくことができる。
制御部11は、基準画像情報80に対し、撮像画像情報81が変化している場合に、粒子を含有する液滴の分取を自動で停止するように、粒子分取装置1を制御することができる。制御部11によるこの機能を実行させるか否かについては、ユーザが任意に設定しておくことができる。
通知部12は、基準画像情報80に対し、撮像画像情報81が変化している場合に、ユーザに警告情報を通知する。この警告情報としては、ユーザが液滴中に気泡や異物等が混入していることを把握することができれば、特に限定されず、例えば、粒子分取装置1に設置されたランプの点滅といった表示情報であってもよいし、警告音等の出力情報であってもよい。
更に、本実施形態の粒子分取装置1には、例えばサンプル流路の所定部位に光(測定光)を照射し、サンプル流路を通流する粒子から発生する光(測定対象光)を検出する光検出部(図示せず)が設けられている。光検出部は、従来のフローサイトメトリーと同様に構成することができる。具体的には、レーザー光源と、粒子に対してレーザー光を集光・照射する集光レンズやダイクロイックミラー、バンドパスフィルターなどからなる照射系と、レーザー光の照射によって粒子から発生する測定対象光を検出する検出系とによって構成される。
次に、本実施形態の粒子分取装置1の動作、即ち、粒子分取装置1を用いて粒子を含有するサンプルの液滴中の気泡や異物等を検出する方法について説明する。
次に、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る粒子分取装置102について説明する。図5は、本開示の第2の実施形態に係る粒子分取装置102の構成例を模式的に示す図である。また、図6は、本実施形態に係る粒子分取装置102による気泡や異物等の検出方法の概要を示すフローチャート図である。気泡や異物等はサンプルインレット22から混入することが多いため、粒子を含有しないストリームは安定である(液滴として気泡や異物等を含有しない)場合が多い。本実施形態の粒子分取装置102は、粒子を含有しないストリーム(粒子非含有ストリーム)を発生させて、そのストリーム中の液滴の画像情報を基準画像情報80とする。そのため、本実施形態の粒子分取装置102では、前述した第1の実施形態の構成に対し、気泡や異物等を検出する工程において、記憶部10からのデータの読み出しを必ずしも必要とはしない。
次に、本開示の第3の実施形態に係る粒子分取装置103について説明する。図7は、本開示の第3の実施形態に係る粒子分取装置103の構成例を模式的に示す図である。また、図8は、本実施形態に係る粒子分取装置103による気泡や異物等の検出方法の概要を示すフローチャート図である。
次に、本開示の第4の実施形態に係る粒子分取システムについて説明する。本実施形態の粒子分取システムでは、第1~第3の実施形態で説明した粒子分取装置1、102、103による粒子の分取及び検出と、判定部7による解析とを異なる装置で行う。粒子分取装置1、102、103と、判定部7が設けられた装置(図示せず)とは、例えば、サーバを介して直接接続されていてもよいし、ネットワークを介して相互に通信可能に接続されていてもよい。なお、本実施形態の粒子分取システムについては、判定部7が粒子分取装置とは異なる装置に設けられているという点以外の構成及び効果は、本開示の第1~第3の実施形態の粒子分取装置1、102、103と同様である。
(1)
オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する判定部を備える粒子分取装置。
(2)
前記基準画像情報は、前記基準液滴画像情報と、該基準液滴画像情報よりも輝度のピーク値が高い液滴以外の背景画像の輝度に関する基準背景画像情報と、を有し、
前記撮像画像情報は、前記撮像液滴画像情報と、該撮像液滴画像情報よりも輝度のピーク値が高い液滴以外の輝度に関する撮像背景画像情報と、を有する(1)に記載の粒子分取装置。
(3)
前記判定部は、前記基準液滴画像情報の輝度のピーク値よりも、前記撮像液滴画像情報の輝度のピーク値が高いか否かを判定する(2)に記載の粒子分取装置。
(4)
前記判定部は、前記基準液滴画像情報中の液滴画像に関する輝度のピーク値から所定の範囲内にある輝度の画素数について、前記基準液滴画像情報よりも前記撮像液滴画像情報の方が、少ないか否かを判定する(2)又は(3)に記載の粒子分取装置。
(5)
前記判定部は、前記基準画像情報中の液滴以外の画像に関する輝度のピーク値から所定の範囲内にある輝度の画素数について、前記基準液滴画像情報よりも前記撮像液滴画像情報の方が、少ないか否かを判定する(2)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の粒子分取装置。
(6)
前記オリフィスから吐出される液滴の少なくとも一部に電荷を付与する荷電部と、
前記液滴により形成される流体ストリームを挟んで対向して配置され、前記液滴の進行方向を変化させる偏向板と、
前記オリフィスから吐出される流体が液滴化される位置において前記液滴の画像を取得し、前記基準画像情報と前記撮像画像情報とを生成する第1撮像部と、
を備える(1)~(5)のいずれか1つに記載の粒子分取装置。
(7)
前記基準画像情報を記憶する記憶部を更に備える(1)~(6)のいずれか1つに記載の粒子分取装置。
(8)
前記基準画像情報は、粒子を含有しない液滴の画像を含む画像情報である(1)~(6)のいずれか1つに記載の粒子分取装置。
(9)
前記偏向板間を通過した前記液滴の画像を取得する第2撮像部を更に備え、
前記判定部は、前記第2撮像部により取得された前記液滴の第2画像情報が、予め設定された安定画像情報であるか否かを判定し、
前記第2画像情報が前記安定画像情報である場合に、前記第2画像情報についての前記液滴の第1撮像部により撮像された画像情報を前記基準画像情報と決定する(6)に記載の粒子分取装置。
(10)
前記基準画像情報に対し、前記撮像画像情報が変化している場合に、
ユーザに警告情報を通知する通知部を更に備える(1)~(9)のいずれか1つに記載の粒子分取装置。
(11)
前記基準画像情報に対し、前記撮像画像情報が変化している場合に、
粒子を含有する液滴の分取を自動で停止させる制御部を更に備える(1)~(10)のいずれか1つに記載の粒子分取装置。
(12)
判定部により、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する粒子分析方法。
(13)
オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する機能を粒子分取装置に実行させるプログラム。
(14)
オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する判定部を備える粒子分取システム。
2 マイクロチップ
3 振動素子
4 荷電部
5a、5b 偏向板
6a~6c 回収容器
7 判定部
8 第1撮像部
9 第2撮像部
10 記憶部
11 制御部
12 通知部
21 オリフィス
22 サンプルインレット
23 シースインレット
24 吸引アウトレット
41 電極
42 電圧供給部
80 基準画像情報
81 撮像画像情報
90 安定画像情報
801 基準液滴画像情報
802 基準背景画像情報
811 撮像背景画像情報
812 撮像液滴画像情報
S 流体ストリーム
Claims (14)
- オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する判定部を備える粒子分取装置。
- 前記基準画像情報は、前記基準液滴画像情報と、該基準液滴画像情報よりも輝度のピーク値が高い液滴以外の背景画像の輝度に関する基準背景画像情報と、を有し、
前記撮像画像情報は、前記撮像液滴画像情報と、該撮像液滴画像情報よりも輝度のピーク値が高い液滴以外の輝度に関する撮像背景画像情報と、を有する請求項1に記載の粒子分取装置。 - 前記判定部は、前記基準液滴画像情報の輝度のピーク値よりも、前記撮像液滴画像情報の輝度のピーク値が高いか否かを判定する請求項2に記載の粒子分取装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記基準液滴画像情報中の液滴画像に関する輝度のピーク値から所定の範囲内にある輝度の画素数について、前記基準液滴画像情報よりも前記撮像液滴画像情報の方が、少ないか否かを判定する請求項2に記載の粒子分取装置。
- 前記判定部は、前記基準画像情報中の液滴以外の画像に関する輝度のピーク値から所定の範囲内にある輝度の画素数について、前記基準液滴画像情報よりも前記撮像液滴画像情報の方が、少ないか否かを判定する請求項2に記載の粒子分取装置。
- 前記オリフィスから吐出される液滴の少なくとも一部に電荷を付与する荷電部と、
前記液滴により形成される流体ストリームを挟んで対向して配置され、前記液滴の進行方向を変化させる偏向板と、
前記オリフィスから吐出される流体が液滴化される位置において前記液滴の画像を取得し、前記基準画像情報と前記撮像画像情報とを生成する第1撮像部と、
を備える請求項1に記載の粒子分取装置。 - 前記基準画像情報を記憶する記憶部を更に備える請求項6に記載の粒子分取装置。
- 前記基準画像情報は、粒子を含有しない液滴の画像を含む画像情報である請求項6に記載の粒子分取装置。
- 前記偏向板間を通過した前記液滴の画像を取得する第2撮像部を更に備え、
前記判定部は、前記第2撮像部により取得された前記液滴の第2画像情報が、予め設定された安定画像情報であるか否かを判定し、
前記第2画像情報が前記安定画像情報である場合に、前記第2画像情報についての前記液滴の第1撮像部により撮像された画像情報を前記基準画像情報と決定する請求項6に記載の粒子分取装置。 - 前記基準画像情報に対し、前記撮像画像情報が変化している場合に、
ユーザに警告情報を通知する通知部を更に備える請求項1に記載の粒子分取装置。 - 前記基準画像情報に対し、前記撮像画像情報が変化している場合に、
粒子を含有する液滴の分取を自動で停止させる制御部を更に備える請求項1に記載の粒子分取装置。 - 判定部により、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する粒子分析方法。
- オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する機能を粒子分取装置に実行させるプログラム。
- オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された液滴の画像の輝度に関する基準液滴画像情報を含む予め設定された基準画像情報に対し、オリフィスからの吐出後に撮像された粒子を含有する液滴の画像の輝度に関する撮像液滴画像情報を含む撮像画像情報が変化しているか否かを判定する判定部を備える粒子分取システム。
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EP3106857A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
EP3690424A1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
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CN105980831A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
US20170191925A1 (en) | 2017-07-06 |
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US11119030B2 (en) | 2021-09-14 |
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