WO2015072453A1 - 外熱式炭化炉 - Google Patents
外熱式炭化炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015072453A1 WO2015072453A1 PCT/JP2014/079850 JP2014079850W WO2015072453A1 WO 2015072453 A1 WO2015072453 A1 WO 2015072453A1 JP 2014079850 W JP2014079850 W JP 2014079850W WO 2015072453 A1 WO2015072453 A1 WO 2015072453A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- inner cylinder
- kiln inner
- kiln
- cylinder
- carbonization furnace
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/28—Other processes
- C10B47/30—Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/08—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined externally heated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/26—Drives
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/42—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
Definitions
- the present invention includes an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder that rotates relative to the outer cylinder, and a heater that supplies a heating gas between the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder, and is configured to remove carbide from an object to be treated such as woody biomass.
- the present invention relates to an externally heated carbonization furnace to be manufactured.
- External heat carbonization furnace (external heat pyrolysis gasification furnace) is aimed at reforming low-calorie substances (low-grade substances) with a high moisture content.
- the externally heated carbonization furnace mainly produces carbides with improved calorific value by indirectly heating sewage sludge, woody biomass, low-grade coal, etc. at a high temperature of 300 ° C to 700 ° C in a state of blocking oxygen. To manufacture.
- high-temperature carbonization in which the object to be treated is indirectly heated at a high temperature of 500 ° C. to 700 ° C.
- semi-carbonization in which the object to be treated is indirectly heated at about 300 ° C.
- high-temperature carbonization it is possible to produce a carbide with high gasification rate and suppressed self-heating by securing a sufficient treatment time at a predetermined temperature.
- semi-carbonization it is possible to produce a carbide that achieves both pulverization and a residual amount of heat by controlling the temperature within a very narrow temperature range, especially for woody biomass.
- an externally heated rotary kiln having a kiln inner cylinder that rotates around an axis and an outer cylinder that circulates a heated gas around the kiln inner cylinder is known.
- the external heat type rotary kiln performs heat treatment while transferring an object (low calorie substance) in the axial direction inside the kiln inner cylinder.
- latter stage is known (for example, refer patent document 1).
- low-calorie substances such as biomass and low-grade coal, which are to be processed, generally have large fluctuations in moisture content, so that they are dried before the external heating carbonization furnace in order to suppress fluctuations in moisture content.
- a machine it is difficult to control the water content at the outlet after drying to be constant.
- the kiln inner cylinder is divided into an evaporation zone that evaporates water contained in the object to be processed in the previous stage, and a carbonization (gasification) zone that carbonizes the object to be processed in the subsequent stage. being classified.
- a carbonization (gasification) zone that carbonizes the object to be processed in the subsequent stage.
- This invention is to provide an externally heated carbonization furnace that can produce a stable carbide even when the moisture content of the workpiece to be charged fluctuates.
- the externally heated carbonization furnace includes an outer cylinder, a kiln inner cylinder that rotates relative to the outer cylinder, and a heated gas between the outer cylinder and the kiln inner cylinder.
- Each of which has a plurality of rotary kilns connected in series, each of which rotates at least one kiln inner cylinder and a kiln inner cylinder different from the at least one kiln inner cylinder. It has a drive device, and a control device which controls the drive device by the moisture content of the processed material in the kiln inner cylinder.
- the rotation speed of the kiln inner cylinder may be controlled by at least one of the temperature of the upstream kiln inner cylinder and the temperature of the downstream kiln inner cylinder.
- the moisture content of the workpiece can be changed without directly measuring the moisture content of the workpiece. I can grasp it.
- the control device may include a heating gas amount adjusting device that adjusts a flow rate of the heating gas supplied from the heater. According to the above configuration, by adjusting the rotation speed of the kiln inner cylinder together with the amount of heated gas, it is possible to cope with a case where the moisture content greatly fluctuates.
- connection portion between the plurality of kiln inner cylinders communicates with the internal space of the kiln inner cylinder on the downstream side, and the downstream cylinder portion that rotates together with the downstream kiln inner cylinder,
- An upstream cylinder portion that communicates with the internal space of the upstream kiln inner cylinder, rotates together with the upstream kiln inner cylinder, and is inserted into the radially inner peripheral side of the downstream cylinder portion. Also good.
- the internal space of the upstream kiln inner cylinder and the internal space of the downstream kiln inner cylinder are in direct communication with each other, and the portion that is not heated by the heated gas can be minimized.
- connection portion hermetically seals the plurality of kiln inner cylinders on the radially outer peripheral side of the upstream side cylinder part and the downstream side cylinder part, and the axial direction of the outer cylinder It is good also as a structure which has the expansion
- air can be prevented from flowing into the kiln inner cylinder, and thermal expansion of the kiln cylinder can be absorbed by expansion.
- a movable support that is provided at an end portion of the at least one kiln inner cylinder in the connecting portion so as to be movable in an axial direction, and supports the at least one kiln inner cylinder so as to be rotatable around the axis.
- an end of the kiln inner cylinder different from the at least one kiln inner cylinder in the connecting portion are provided so as to be immovable in the axial direction, and the kiln inner cylinder different from the at least one kiln inner cylinder is arranged around the axis. It is good also as a structure which has a fixed support part supported rotatably. According to the said structure, the thermal elongation of a kiln cylinder can be absorbed by a movable support part.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a carbide production facility 1 having an externally heated carbonization furnace 2 of the present embodiment.
- a carbide manufacturing facility 1 includes a screw conveyor 3 for charging an object to be processed, an external heating type carbonization furnace 2 for heating an object to be processed input from the screw conveyor 3, and an external heating type. And a chute 4 for discharging the object to be processed discharged from the carbonization furnace 2.
- the external heat type carbonization furnace 2 heat-treats an object to be treated of a low calorie substance such as sewage sludge, woody biomass and low-grade coal, and reforms it into a carbide having a large calorific value.
- the externally heated carbonization furnace 2 includes a first rotary kiln 5 and a second rotary kiln 7 that is connected in series to the downstream side of the first rotary kiln 5 and heats an object to be processed discharged from the first rotary kiln 5. ing.
- the first rotary kiln 5 has an outer cylinder 10 and a first kiln inner cylinder 6 (kiln shell) that rotates relative to the outer cylinder 10 and into which an object to be processed is placed.
- the second rotary kiln 7 has an outer cylinder 10 and a second kiln inner cylinder 8 that rotates relative to the outer cylinder 10 and into which an object to be processed is placed.
- the axial length L becomes a large cylindrical cylinder having a length of about 50 m.
- the first kiln inner cylinder 6, the second kiln inner cylinder 8, and the outer cylinder 10 are installed on the installation surface F with an inclination of 1% to 3% with respect to the horizontal.
- the axial direction of the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 and the outer cylinder 10 described later is simply referred to as an axial direction.
- the first rotary kiln 5 and the second rotary kiln 7 have substantially the same configuration.
- the configuration of the first rotary kiln 5 will be described.
- the first rotary kiln 5 has a first kiln inner cylinder 6 and an outer cylinder 10 (muffle) that circulates heated gas around the first kiln inner cylinder 6.
- the upstream side of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 is supported so as to be rotatable about an axis by a movable support portion 11 movable in the axis direction.
- the downstream side of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 is supported by the fixed support portion 12 so as to be rotatable around the axis.
- the movable support portion 11 of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 has an annular frame 13 that rotatably supports the first kiln inner cylinder 6. Both side portions of the annular frame 13 are rotatably supported by the upper end portion of the support member 14 that is slidably raised from the installation surface F.
- the fixed support portion 12 also has an annular frame 13 that supports the first kiln inner cylinder 6 so as to freely rotate. In addition, it is also possible to install the movable support part 11 and the fixed support part 12 in the opposite direction.
- the inner wall of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 is provided with a plurality of fins (or spirals, not shown) arranged in an inclined manner with respect to the circumferential direction.
- the first kiln inner cylinder 6 is driven and rotated at a predetermined rotational speed (for example, 1 to 5 rpm) by a driving device 16 to be described later, thereby heating the workpiece put in from the inlet side (upstream side) and the outlet side It can be transferred to (downstream side).
- a driving device 16 to be described later
- the first kiln inner cylinder 6 is supported so as to be rotatable about an axis slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal, and the workpiece is moved to the outlet side by the inclination and rotation of the first kiln inner cylinder 6. May be transferred to
- the drive device 16 includes a gear 17 provided in the first kiln inner cylinder 6, a drive motor 18, and a pinion gear 19 that is attached to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 18 and is fitted to the gear 17. .
- the drive device 16 transmits the drive of the drive motor 18 to the gear 17 and rotates the gear 17 to rotate the first kiln inner cylinder 6 about the axis.
- the outer cylinder 10 is allowed to rotate and move in the axial direction of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 and secures a seal with the first kiln inner cylinder 6 via a support member (not shown). It is fixed to.
- a heated gas supply pipe 20 is connected to the first end of the outer cylinder 10. From the heated gas supply pipe 20, a second end opposite to the first end of the outer cylinder 10 to which the heated gas is fed from the heated gas combustion furnace 21 that functions as a heater for supplying the heated gas.
- the heated gas delivery pipe 22 is connected to the.
- the heated gas delivery pipe 22 is provided with a heated gas amount adjusting damper 24 and an induction fan 25 that function as a heated gas amount adjusting device 23.
- a plurality of inspection windows 26 are provided in the upper part of the outer cylinder 10 so as to be spaced apart from each other in the axial direction.
- Each inspection window 26 is provided with a non-contact thermometer 27 that measures the kiln shell temperature (iron temperature of the kiln inner cylinder) facing the outer peripheral surface of the kiln inner cylinder that rotates about the axis.
- a radiation thermometer can be used as the non-contact type thermometer 27, a radiation thermometer can be used.
- the externally heated carbonization furnace 2 has a control device 15. Control device 15 and non-contact type thermometer 27 are connected so that communication is possible. The kiln shell temperature measured by the non-contact thermometer 27 is input to the control device 15. Further, the control device 15 controls the heating gas amount adjusting device 23 and the driving device 16 based on the kiln shell temperature. A control method by the control device 15 will be described later.
- the first kiln inner cylinder 6 includes a first inner cylinder main body 29 formed with a substantially constant diameter of, for example, about 5 m in the axial direction, and an axial line from the downstream side of the first kiln inner cylinder 6.
- the first conical part 30 is gradually reduced in diameter toward the downstream side in the direction and constricted into a conical shape, and the cylindrical first small diameter part 31 (upstream) extending from the first conical part 30 to the downstream side in the axial direction with a substantially constant diameter.
- Side cylinder portion may be used to reduce the first inner cylinder main body 29 formed with a substantially constant diameter of, for example, about 5 m in the axial direction, and an axial line from the downstream side of the first kiln inner cylinder 6.
- the first conical part 30 is gradually reduced in diameter toward the downstream side in the direction and constricted into a conical shape, and the cylindrical first small diameter part 31 (upstream) extending from the first conical part 30 to the downstream side in the axial direction with
- the second kiln inner cylinder 8 of the second rotary kiln 7 includes a second inner cylinder main body 32 formed with a substantially constant diameter of, for example, about 5 m in the axial direction, and an upstream in the axial direction from the upstream side of the second kiln inner cylinder 8.
- a second conical portion 33 that gradually decreases in diameter toward the side, and a cylindrical second small diameter portion 34 (downstream cylindrical portion) that extends from the second conical portion 33 to the upstream side in the axial direction with a substantially constant diameter. is doing.
- the first small diameter portion 31 of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 and the second small diameter portion 34 of the second kiln inner cylinder 8 are such that the outer diameter of the first small diameter portion 31 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the second small diameter portion 34. Is formed. That is, the first small diameter portion 31 and the second small diameter portion 34 are formed so that the first small diameter portion 31 can be inserted into the second small diameter portion 34.
- the first small diameter portion 31 is inserted into the second small diameter portion. That is, the first small-diameter portion 31 is inserted on the radially inner side of the second small-diameter portion 34 and is disposed so that the respective central axes are on the same line. Thereby, the 1st small diameter part 31 and the 2nd small diameter part 34 are arrange
- the annular frame 13 is provided on the radially outer peripheral side of the conical portions 30 and 33 or the small diameter portions 31 and 34, and on the inner peripheral side of the frame main body 36, the kiln inner cylinder extends in the circumferential direction. And a bearing holding portion 37 projecting toward 6,8. The bearing holding portion 37 extends in the circumferential direction, and a bearing 38 is held on the outer peripheral side thereof.
- the bearing 38 rotatably supports the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 via an annular ridge 40 protruding in the axial direction from the end wall portions 39 of the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8. That is, the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 are rotatably supported via the annular frame 13.
- the annular frame 13 is supported by a support member 14 (see FIG. 1) raised from the installation surface F.
- the connecting portion 9 between the first rotary kiln 5 and the second rotary kiln 7 protrudes radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the conical portions 30 and 33 or the small diameter portions 31 and 34 of the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 and in the circumferential direction.
- a gland packing 44 interposed therebetween.
- the seal plate 41 provided on the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 rotates together with the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8.
- the gland packing 44 is fixed to the seal plate 41 and rotates together with the seal plate 41. At this time, sealing is performed by sliding the gland packing 44 and the sliding surface of the pressing plate 42.
- the expansion 43 is formed in a bellows-like substantially cylindrical shape, and the bellows-like portion can be expanded and contracted in the axial direction.
- the gland packing 44 for example, a carbon fiber gland packing can be adopted. Since the gland packing 44 woven with carbon fibers has a very small friction coefficient, the sealing performance can be maintained for a long time. As shown in FIG. 1, an expansion 45 that absorbs the displacement of the movable support portion 11 in the axial direction is provided at a connection portion between the movable support portion 11 and the screw conveyor 3 of the first rotary kiln 5.
- control device 15 for the externally heated carbonization furnace 2 of this embodiment controls the amount of heated gas and the rotation speed of the kiln inner cylinder based on the kiln shell temperature detected by the plurality of non-contact thermometers 27.
- the temperature of the kiln shell detected by the plurality of non-contact thermometers 27 is transmitted to the control device 15.
- the kiln shell temperature is the temperature of the part in direct contact with the workpiece in the kiln inner cylinder, it has a high correlation with the thermal decomposition temperature of the workpiece and reflects the heating situation well. For this reason, stable control of heating temperature is attained by performing temperature control based on kiln shell temperature.
- the kiln shell temperature varies depending on the moisture content of the workpiece. When the moisture content of the workpiece increases, the evaporation of moisture increases, so that the kiln shell temperature decreases.
- the control device 15 of the present embodiment uses the kiln shell temperature for estimating the moisture content of the workpiece.
- the control device 15 controls the amount of heated gas in each rotary kiln 5 and 7 and the inside of the kiln.
- the number of rotations of the cylinder can be controlled independently.
- the kiln inner cylinder is divided into the upstream side and the downstream side, and the first kiln inner cylinder 6 functions as an evaporation zone for evaporating the moisture of the workpiece.
- the second kiln inner cylinder 8 is configured to function as a carbonization zone for carbonizing the workpiece.
- the control device 15 heats the kiln shell temperature measured by the plurality of non-contact thermometers 27 by the opening degree of the heating gas amount adjusting damper 24 and the rotation speed of the induction fan 25 so that the kiln shell temperature is maintained in a predetermined temperature range. Adjust the gas volume.
- the rotation of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 is increased (the rotation speed is increased) to promote the evaporation of the object to be processed.
- the kiln shell temperature decreases as the evaporation from the workpiece increases.
- the externally heated carbonization furnace 2 of the present embodiment since it is divided into a rotary kiln (kiln inner cylinder) that functions as an evaporation zone and a rotary kiln (kiln inner cylinder) that functions as a carbonization zone, Even when the rotation speed of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 of the first rotary kiln 5 is increased, the rotation speed of the second kiln inner cylinder 8 of the second rotary kiln 7 can be maintained without increasing.
- the rotation speed of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 is increased in order to promote the evaporation of moisture from the object to be processed, the rotation speed of the second kiln inner cylinder 8 in which carbonization is performed can be maintained. it can.
- the carbonization zone (second kiln inner cylinder 8) is charged by promoting the evaporation process in the evaporation zone (first kiln inner cylinder 6).
- a to-be-processed object can be made into an appropriate moisture content.
- the carbonization zone becomes shorter as the evaporation zone becomes longer, but the evaporation zone and the carbonization zone are independent, and the degree of evaporation is added to the amount of heated gas. By adjusting with the rotation speed of a kiln inner cylinder, the carbonization degree in a carbonization zone does not fall.
- the moisture of the workpiece to be charged is controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 in each of the two rotary kilns 5 and 7 according to the moisture content of the workpiece. Even when the content rate fluctuates, a stable carbide can be produced. That is, the rotation speed of the second kiln inner cylinder 8 can be maintained while changing the rotation speed of the first kiln inner cylinder 6.
- the control device 15 is used when the moisture content of the object to be processed is large and the first kiln inner cylinder 6 functioning as an evaporation zone cannot be properly evaporated only by adjusting the amount of heated gas.
- the rotational speed of the first kiln inner cylinder 6 can be increased (the rotational speed is increased).
- the temperature control is possible.
- connection part 9 of the 1st kiln inner cylinder 6 and the 2nd kiln inner cylinder 8 the internal space of the 1st kiln inner cylinder 6 and the internal space of the 2nd kiln inner cylinder 8 communicate directly. The portion that is not heated by the heated gas can be minimized.
- connection part 9 between the first kiln inner cylinder 6 and the second kiln inner cylinder 8 has an expansion 43 that hermetically seals the kiln inner cylinders 6, 8, so that air is contained in the kiln inner cylinders 6, 8. The expansion of the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 can be absorbed by the expansion 43.
- the thermal expansion of the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 can be absorbed by supporting the one end part of the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 with the movable support part 11 which can move to an axial direction. That is, even if the kiln inner cylinders 6 and 8 are held at a high temperature of 300 ° C. to 700 ° C., the sealing performance of the sliding portion in the connecting portion 9 can be maintained.
- the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, and is limited only by the scope of the claims.
- the heating gas amount and the rotation speed of the kiln inner cylinder are controlled based on the kiln shell temperature, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the kiln inner cylinder is divided into the first kiln inner cylinder 6 on the upstream side and the second kiln inner cylinder 8 on the downstream side, but this is not limitative.
- the kiln inner cylinder may be divided into three or more. That is, three or more kiln inner cylinders may be connected.
- the number of non-contact thermometers is not limited to three, and the number of these can be set as appropriate.
- this external heating type carbonization furnace by controlling the rotation speed of the kiln inner cylinder in each of the plurality of rotary kilns according to the moisture content of the workpiece, the moisture content of the workpiece to be thrown in can be reduced. Even when it fluctuates, it is possible to produce a stable carbide.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2013年11月13日に出願された特願2013-235126号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
また、半炭化によって炭化物を製造する場合、水分含有率の変動により炭化温度が低下すると、粉砕性が低下し、炭化温度が上昇すると熱量残留率が低下することから、厳格な温度制御が求められている。
被処理物中の水分含有率の変動に対して安定した品質の炭化を行うには、炭化ゾーンにおいて水分含有率に応じた炭化度合の調節が必要となる。しかしながら、水の蒸発潜熱は揮発分のガス化潜熱に対して非常に大きな熱量を必要とするため、水分含有率の変動が炭化度合に与える影響を無視することが出来ない。
また、温度制御については外熱式ロータリーキルンの加熱部であるキルン内筒を通じて、キルン内に滞留する被処理物(水分及び固形分)を加熱する必要がある。よって、温度制御の追従性は、急激な水分含有率の変動に対して加熱ガス量の調節だけでは十分ではない。
上記構成によれば、加熱ガス量とともに、キルン内筒の回転数を調節することによって、水分含有率が大きく変動した場合においても対応が可能となる。
上記構成によれば、キルン筒体の熱伸びを可動支持部によって吸収することができる。
図1に示すように、炭化物製造設備1は、被処理物を投入するためのスクリューコンベア3と、スクリューコンベア3から投入される被処理物を加熱する外熱式炭化炉2と、外熱式炭化炉2から排出される被処理物を排出するシュート4と、を有している。
外熱式炭化炉2は、第一ロータリーキルン5と、第一ロータリーキルン5の下流側に直列に連結され、第一ロータリーキルン5から排出される被処理物を加熱する第二ロータリーキルン7と、から構成されている。第一ロータリーキルン5は、外筒10、及び外筒10に対して相対回転するとともに被処理物が投入される第一キルン内筒6(キルンシェル)を有している。第二ロータリーキルン7は、外筒10、及び外筒10に対して相対回転するとともに被処理物が投入される第二キルン内筒8を有している。
なお、以下の説明においては、キルン内筒6,8、及び後述する外筒10の軸線方向を、単に軸線方向と呼ぶ。
第一ロータリーキルン5と第二ロータリーキルン7とは、略同様の構成とされている。以下、第一ロータリーキルン5の構成について説明する。
なお、可動支持部11と固定支持部12を反対に設置することも可能である。
外筒10の第一の端部には、加熱ガス供給管20が接続されている。加熱ガス供給管20からは、加熱ガスを供給する加熱器として機能する加熱ガス燃焼炉21から加熱ガスが送給される外筒10の第一の端部とは反対側の第二の端部には、加熱ガス送出管22が接続されている。加熱ガス送出管22には、加熱ガス量調節装置23として機能する加熱ガス量調節ダンパ24および誘引ファン25が設けられている。
外熱式炭化炉2は、制御装置15を有している。制御装置15と非接触式温度計27とは通信可能に接続されている。非接触式温度計27によって測定されたキルンシェル温度は、制御装置15に入力される。また、制御装置15は、キルンシェル温度に基づいて、加熱ガス量調節装置23、及び駆動装置16を制御する。制御装置15による制御方法については後述する。
図2に示すように、第一キルン内筒6は、軸線方向に例えば5m程度の略一定の径で形成された第一内筒本体部29と、第一キルン内筒6の下流側から軸線方向下流側に向かうに従って漸次縮径して、円錐状に絞る第一コニカル部30と、第一コニカル部30から軸線方向下流側に略一定の径で延びる円筒形状の第一小径部31(上流側筒部)と、を有している。
第一キルン内筒6の第一小径部31と第二キルン内筒8の第二小径部34とは、第一小径部31の外径が、第二小径部34の内径よりも僅かに小さく形成されている。即ち、第一小径部31と第二小径部34とは、第一小径部31を第二小径部34に挿入可能に形成されている。
即ち、キルン内筒6,8は、環状フレーム13を介して回転自在に支持されている。環状フレーム13は、設置面Fより立ち上げられた支持部材14(図1参照)によって支持されている。
第一ロータリーキルン5と第二ロータリーキルン7との接続部9は、キルン内筒6,8のコニカル部30,33又は小径部31,34の外周面から径方向外周側に突出するとともに、周方向に延在するシール板41と、環状フレーム13にそれぞれ取り付けられたリング状の押さえ板42と、小径部31,34の外周側を覆うように設けられたエキスパンション43と、シール板41と押さえ板42との間に介装されたグランドパッキン44と、を有している。
なお、図1に示すように、第一ロータリーキルン5の可動支持部11とスクリューコンベア3との接続部分には、可動支持部11の軸線方向の変位を吸収するエキスパンション45が設けられている。
制御装置15は、複数の非接触式温度計27で計測されるキルンシェル温度が所定の温度域に維持されるように、加熱ガス量調節ダンパ24の開度、及び誘引ファン25の回転数によって加熱ガス量を調節する。
加熱ガス量の調節を行っても、所定の温度域に維持できない場合は、第一キルン内筒6の回転数を上げる(回転速度を上昇させる)ことによって、被処理物の蒸発を促進させる。キルンシェル温度は、被処理物からの蒸発が増えることによって低下する。
また、単一のキルン内筒を有する外熱式炭化炉の場合、蒸発ゾーンが長くなるに従い炭化ゾーンが短くなるが、蒸発ゾーンと炭化ゾーンとが独立し、蒸発度合を加熱ガス量に加え、キルン内筒の回転数で調節することによって、炭化ゾーンにおける炭化度合が低下することがない。
具体的には、例えば、被処理物の水分含有率が大きくなり、蒸発ゾーンとして機能する第一キルン内筒6において加熱ガス量の調節のみでは適切な蒸発ができない場合に、制御装置15を用いて第一キルン内筒6の回転数を上げる(回転速度を速くする)ことができる。これにより、被処理物の水分含有率が大きくなった場合においても、蒸発ゾーンにおいて、被処理物の水分含有率を適切に低減させることができる。
また、加熱ガス量を調節するとともに、キルン内筒の回転数も制御することによって、水分含有率が大きく変動した場合においても対応が可能となる。即ち、加熱ガス量の調節のみでは温度制御の追従性が不十分な場合においても、温度制御が可能となる。
また、第一キルン内筒6と第二キルン内筒8との接続部9において、キルン内筒6,8同士を気密にシールするエキスパンション43を有することによって、空気がキルン内筒6,8内に流入することを抑制するとともに、キルン内筒6,8の熱伸びをエキスパンション43によって吸収することができる。
また、キルン内筒6,8の一方側の端部を軸線方向に移動可能な可動支持部11で支持していることによって、キルン内筒6,8の熱伸びを吸収することができる。即ち、キルン内筒6,8を300℃~700℃の高温に保持しても、接続部9における摺動部のシール性を保持することができる。
例えば、本実施形態の外熱式炭化炉2では、キルンシェル温度に基づいて加熱ガス量及びキルン内筒の回転数を制御したが、これに限ることはない。例えば、キルン内筒内に温度計を設置して、直接被処理物の温度を計る構成としてもよい。
また、非接触式温度計の数も3つに限ることはなく、これらの設置数は適宜設定することができる。
2 外熱式炭化炉
3 スクリューコンベア
4 シュート
5 第一ロータリーキルン
6 第一キルン内筒
7 第二ロータリーキルン
8 第二キルン内筒
9 接続部
10 外筒
11 可動支持部
12 固定支持部
13 環状フレーム
14 支持部材
15 制御装置
16 駆動装置
17 歯車
18 駆動モータ
19 ピニオン歯車
20 加熱ガス供給管
21 加熱ガス焼却炉(加熱器)
22 加熱ガス送出管
23 加熱ガス量調節装置
24 加熱ガス量調節ダンパ
25 誘引ファン
26 点検窓
27 非接触式温度計
29 第一内筒本体部
30 第一コニカル部
31 第一小径部(上流側筒部)
32 第二内筒本体部
33 第二コニカル部
34 第二小径部(下流側筒部)
36 フレーム本体部
37 ベアリング保持部
38 ベアリング
39 端壁部
40 環状突条
41 シール板
42 押さえ板
43 エキスパンション
44 グランドパッキン
F 設置面
Claims (6)
- 外筒と、前記外筒に対して相対回転するキルン内筒と、前記外筒と前記キルン内筒との間に加熱ガスを供給する加熱器と、をそれぞれ備えていて直列に連結された複数のロータリーキルンを有し、
少なくとも一つのキルン内筒と、前記少なくとも一つのキルン内筒とは異なるキルン内筒とをそれぞれ回転させる駆動装置と、
前記駆動装置を前記キルン内筒内の被処理物の水分含有率により制御する制御装置と、を有する外熱式炭化炉。 - 上流側の前記キルン内筒の温度と、下流側の前記キルン内筒の温度の少なくともいずれかにより前記キルン内筒の回転数を制御する請求項1に記載の外熱式炭化炉。
- 前記制御装置は、前記加熱器から供給される加熱ガスの流量を調節する加熱ガス量調節装置を有する請求項1又は請求項2に記載の外熱式炭化炉。
- 複数の前記キルン内筒同士の接続部は、
下流側の前記キルン内筒の内部空間と連通し、下流側の前記キルン内筒とともに回転する下流側筒部と、
上流側の前記キルン内筒の内部空間と連通し、上流側の前記キルン内筒とともに回転し、前記下流側筒部の径方向内周側に挿入される上流側筒部と、を有する請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の外熱式炭化炉。 - 前記接続部は、
前記上流側筒部と前記下流側筒部の径方向外周側において前記複数のキルン内筒同士を気密にシールするとともに、前記外筒の軸線方向に伸縮可能なエキスパンションを有する請求項4に記載の外熱式炭化炉。 - 前記接続部における前記少なくとも一つのキルン内筒の端部に軸線方向に移動可能に設けられ、前記少なくとも一つのキルン内筒を軸線回りに回転可能に支持する可動支持部と、
前記接続部における前記少なくとも一つのキルン内筒とは異なるキルン内筒の端部に軸線方向に移動不能に設けられ、前記少なくとも一つのキルン内筒とは異なるキルン内筒を軸線回りに回転可能に支持する固定支持部と、を有する請求項4又は請求項5に記載の外熱式炭化炉。
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CN106439859A (zh) * | 2016-11-30 | 2017-02-22 | 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司 | 污泥两段式碳化加焚烧方法及系统 |
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CN113154872B (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-07-19 | 重庆科技学院 | 一种低温等离子体组合式回转窑 |
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CN114684806B (zh) * | 2022-04-22 | 2024-03-26 | 赵延锋 | 一种碳素复合回转加热工艺及装置 |
CN116354388A (zh) * | 2023-03-15 | 2023-06-30 | 安徽赛尔新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池负极材料钛酸锂的制备装置及其制备方法 |
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