WO2015072051A1 - スパークプラグの製造方法 - Google Patents
スパークプラグの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015072051A1 WO2015072051A1 PCT/JP2014/004302 JP2014004302W WO2015072051A1 WO 2015072051 A1 WO2015072051 A1 WO 2015072051A1 JP 2014004302 W JP2014004302 W JP 2014004302W WO 2015072051 A1 WO2015072051 A1 WO 2015072051A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- noble metal
- metal tip
- laser
- base material
- spark plug
- Prior art date
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
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- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000575 Ir alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
- H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a spark plug.
- Some spark plugs have a center electrode and a ground electrode in which an electrode base material and a noble metal tip are laser welded.
- a so-called “welding sag” that spreads the surface of the molten part reaches the tip of the noble metal tip, or metal spatter melted during laser irradiation adheres to the electrode base material or noble metal tip.
- Such welding sag or spatter may cause a reduction in the ignitability of the spark plug.
- blowholes are generated in the melted part during laser irradiation, the bonding strength of the melted part may be reduced, and the noble metal tip may be peeled off from the electrode base material.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for suppressing spatter, blowholes, and the like by changing a rectangular laser intensity waveform used for laser welding.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and can be realized as the following forms. *
- a columnar noble metal tip comprising a center electrode and a ground electrode, wherein at least one of the center electrode and the ground electrode is welded to the electrode base material and the electrode base material A method for manufacturing a spark plug is provided.
- a pulsed laser by irradiating a pulsed laser, a plurality of unit melted portions are formed around the boundary between the electrode base material and the noble metal tip, one unit for each laser irradiation, A laser welding step of welding the electrode base material and the noble metal tip; in the laser welding step, an irradiation axis of the laser is shifted from a central axis of the noble metal tip in a radial direction of the noble metal tip;
- ⁇ A / 4 is satisfied.
- an elliptical unit melting portion having a major axis along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip can be formed by shifting the laser irradiation axis in the radial direction from the central axis of the noble metal tip. . Therefore, it is possible to suppress welding sag, spatter, and blowhole (hereinafter referred to as welding sag) toward the tip of the noble metal tip. Further, by setting the amount X of shifting the laser irradiation axis in the radial direction from the central axis of the noble metal tip within a range satisfying A / 20 ⁇
- a center electrode and a ground electrode are provided, and at least one of the center electrode and the ground electrode is an electrode base material and a columnar noble metal welded to the electrode base material A method of manufacturing a spark plug having a tip is provided.
- an elliptical unit melting part having a major axis along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip can be formed, so that welding sag and the like can be suppressed.
- the relative rotation speed R of the electrode base material and the noble metal tip with respect to the laser irradiation axis and the laser pulse width M to 5 ⁇ 0.36 ⁇ R ⁇ M ⁇ 30, welding sag, etc. Can be effectively suppressed.
- a columnar noble metal comprising a center electrode and a ground electrode, wherein at least one of the center electrode and the ground electrode is welded to the electrode base material and the electrode base material.
- a plurality of unit melted portions are formed around the boundary between the electrode base material and the noble metal tip, one unit for each laser irradiation, A laser welding step of welding the electrode base material and the noble metal tip; in the laser welding step, using a laser irradiation apparatus having an optical system in which a laser spot has an elliptical shape, along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip
- the unit melting portion having an elliptical shape having a major axis is formed.
- the laser spot has an optical system having an elliptical shape
- the laser spot when the laser is irradiated to the boundary portion between the electrode base material and the noble metal tip, the laser spot has a major axis along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip.
- An elliptical melting part can be formed. Therefore, it is possible to easily suppress welding sag and the like.
- the unit molten portion has a maximum width in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip as D and a maximum width in a direction parallel to the central axis of the noble metal tip as d, 1.05 It may be characterized by having an elliptical shape that satisfies ⁇ D / d ⁇ 1.50.
- the shape of the melted portion can be made a shape suitable for suppressing welding sag and the like.
- the melting portion formed over the entire circumference of the noble metal tip is cut along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip.
- S2 / S1 ⁇ 100 ⁇ 70 may be satisfied, where S1 is an area of the cross section and S2 is an area of the melted portion in the cross section.
- the noble metal tip can be prevented from peeling from the electrode base material.
- the laser spot in the laser welding step, has an energy per unit area of 30 J / mm 2 or more around the boundary portion between the electrode base material and the noble metal tip. May be irradiated. According to the manufacturing method of this embodiment, even if welding sag or the like is likely to occur because the energy per unit area of the laser spot is relatively high, such as 30 J / mm 2 or more, in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip. Since the elliptical unit melt portion having a major axis along the long axis is formed, welding sag can be effectively suppressed.
- the present invention can also be realized in various forms other than the spark plug manufacturing method described above.
- it can be realized in the form of a spark plug, a spark plug center electrode or ground electrode, a spark plug center electrode or ground electrode manufacturing method, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug 100.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of the tip of a center electrode 20.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the vicinity of the tip of a center electrode 20.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows the laser welding method of an electrode base material and a noble metal tip. It is a figure which shows the mode of the laser welding process in this embodiment. It is a figure which shows the fusion
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of the spark plug 100.
- the spark plug 100 has an elongated shape along the axis O.
- the right side of the axis O indicated by a one-dot broken line shows an external front view
- the left side of the axis O shows a cross-sectional view of the spark plug 100 cut along a cross section passing through the central axis of the spark plug 100.
- the upper side in FIG. 1 that is parallel to the axis O is called the front end side
- the lower side in FIG. 1 is called the rear end side.
- FIG. 1 corresponds to the xyz axis in the other figures.
- the rear end side of the spark plug 100 is the ⁇ z direction
- the front end side of the spark plug 100 is the + z direction.
- the simple “z direction” refers to a direction parallel to the z axis (a direction along the z axis). The same applies to the x-axis and the y-axis. *
- the spark plug 100 includes an insulator 10, a center electrode 20, a ground electrode 30, a terminal fitting 40, and a metal shell 50.
- the rod-shaped center electrode 20 protruding from the tip of the insulator 10 is electrically connected to a terminal fitting 40 provided at the rear end of the insulator 10 through the inside of the insulator 10.
- the outer periphery of the center electrode 20 is held by the insulator 10, and the outer periphery of the insulator 10 is held by the metallic shell 50 at a position away from the terminal fitting 40.
- the ground electrode 30 electrically connected to the metal shell 50 forms a spark gap, which is a gap for generating a spark, between the tip of the center electrode 20. *
- the insulator 10 is an insulator formed by firing alumina or the like.
- the insulator 10 is a cylindrical member having a shaft hole 12 that accommodates the center electrode 20 and the terminal fitting 40 formed at the center.
- a central body 19 having a large outer diameter is formed at the axial center of the insulator 10.
- a rear end side body portion 18 that insulates between the terminal metal fitting 40 and the metal shell 50 is formed on the rear end side of the central body portion 19.
- a front end side body portion 17 having an outer diameter smaller than that of the rear end side body portion 18 is formed on the front end side of the central body portion 19, and a front end side body portion 17 is further on the front end side than the front end side body portion 17.
- a leg length portion 13 is formed which has a smaller outer diameter and decreases toward the distal end side. *
- the metal shell 50 is a cylindrical metal fitting that surrounds and holds a portion extending from a part of the rear end body portion 18 of the insulator 10 to the leg long portion 13.
- the metal shell 50 is made of low carbon steel, and is subjected to a plating process such as nickel plating or zinc plating.
- the metal shell 50 includes a tool engaging portion 51, a mounting screw portion 52, and a seal portion 54.
- the tool engaging portion 51 is fitted with a tool for attaching the spark plug 100 to the engine head.
- the attachment screw portion 52 has a thread that is screwed into the attachment screw hole of the engine head.
- the seal portion 54 is formed in a hook shape at the base of the mounting screw portion 52, and an annular gasket 5 formed by bending a plate is inserted between the seal portion 54 and the engine head.
- a thin caulking portion 53 is provided on the rear end side of the metal fitting 50 from the tool engaging portion 51.
- a thin compression deformation portion 58 is provided between the seal portion 54 and the tool engagement portion 51 as in the caulking portion 53.
- annular ring members 6 and 7 are interposed between the annular ring members 6 and 7. Further, talc (talc) 9 powder is filled between the ring members 6 and 7.
- the compression deformable portion 58 is compressed and deformed by pressing the caulking portion 53 inward so as to be bent inward, and the compression deformation of the compression deformable portion 58 causes the ring members 6, 7 and The insulator 10 is pressed toward the front end side in the metal shell 50 through the talc 9. By this pressing, the talc 9 is compressed in the direction of the axis O, and the airtightness in the metal shell 50 is enhanced.
- an insulator step portion located at the base end of the leg long portion 13 of the insulator 10 through an annular plate packing 8 on the metal inner step portion 56 formed at the position of the mounting screw portion 52. 15 is pressed.
- the plate packing 8 is a member that maintains the airtightness between the metal shell 50 and the insulator 10 and prevents combustion gas from flowing out.
- the ground electrode 30 is made of a metal having high corrosion resistance, and a nickel alloy is used as an example.
- the proximal end of the ground electrode 30 is welded to the distal end surface 57 of the metal shell 50.
- the tip side of the ground electrode 30 is bent in a direction intersecting the axis O.
- a columnar noble metal tip 34 is welded to the electrode base material 31 at a portion of the ground electrode 30 facing the tip of the center electrode 20.
- the center electrode 20 is a rod-like member in which a core material 22 having better thermal conductivity than the electrode base material 21 is embedded in the electrode base material 21.
- the electrode base material 21 is made of a nickel alloy containing nickel as a main component
- the core member 22 is made of copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component.
- a cylindrical noble metal tip 24 is welded to the electrode base material 21 at the tip of the center electrode 20.
- the noble metal tips 24 and 34 are made of, for example, platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), or an alloy thereof. Note that the axis O shown in FIG. 1 is also the central axis O of the noble metal tips 24 and 34. *
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view showing the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20.
- the center electrode 20 includes a melting portion 25 formed by melting the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 in the vicinity of the boundary portion 26 (FIG. 3) between the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24.
- the melting part 25 is composed of a plurality of unit melting parts 25n1 to 25n12 (FIG. 2).
- the unit melting portions 25n1 to 25n12 are formed over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24.
- the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 can be called the circumferential direction of the electrode base material 21 or the circumferential direction near the boundary portion 26.
- each unit melting portion 25n1 to 25n12 overlaps with an adjacent unit melting portion. Note that the number of unit melted portions may be changed as appropriate. *
- the unit melting part 25n12 is a unit melting part formed last among the plurality of unit melting parts 25n1 to 25n12.
- the unit melting portion 25n12 has an elliptical shape having a major axis along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 and a minor axis along the z direction that is parallel to the axis O.
- Each of the unit melting portions 25n1 to 25n12 is sequentially formed under the same conditions as will be described later. Therefore, for example, the unit melting part 25n11 has an elliptical shape similar to the unit melting part 25n12, although the unit melting part 25n12 formed subsequent to the unit melting part 25n11 overlaps and it is difficult to confirm the entire shape.
- the shape of the unit melted portions 25n1 to 25n12 satisfy the following formula (1). 1.05 ⁇ D / d ⁇ 1.50 (1)
- D is the maximum width (major axis) in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24
- d is the maximum width (minor axis) in the direction parallel to the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24.
- the maximum width in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 of the unit melting portions 25n1 to 25n12 is described with reference to FIG. 2.
- melting part 25 satisfy
- S1 is the area of the cross section obtained by cutting the center in the direction parallel to the central axis O (z axis) of the melted portion 25 along the circumferential direction (xy plane in FIG. 2) of the noble metal tip 24, S2 is the area of the melted portion 25 in the cross section.
- the direction parallel to the central axis O (z-axis) of the melted portion 25 may not be a direction completely parallel to the central axis O, and may be, for example, a substantially parallel direction including a deviation of several degrees. Good.
- the center electrode 20 is formed by laser welding an electrode base material 21 and a noble metal tip 24. A laser welding method for the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 will be described later. *
- the ground electrode 30 is joined to the metal shell 50.
- the center electrode 20 and the insulator 10 are assembled.
- attached to the metal shell 50 is implemented.
- an assembly in which the insulator (insulator) 10 and the center electrode 20 are assembled inside the metal shell 50 is configured.
- a caulking process of the metal shell 50 is performed.
- the insulator 10 is fixed to the metal shell 50 by this caulking process.
- the noble metal tip 34 is laser welded to the electrode base material 31 of the ground electrode 30.
- the gasket 5 is mounted between the seal portion 54 and the mounting screw portion 52 of the metal shell 50, and the spark plug 100 is completed.
- the said manufacturing method is an example, A spark plug can be manufactured by the various methods different from this. For example, the order of the steps described above can be arbitrarily changed. *
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a laser welding method of the electrode base material and the noble metal tip. This method is applied to both the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30, but here, laser welding at the center electrode 20 will be described as an example. The same applies to the following embodiments. *
- the noble metal tip 24 is disposed at a predetermined position (the tip in this embodiment) of the electrode base material 21 (step S101).
- the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 may be resistance-welded for temporary fixing, or the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 may be fixed with a jig. *
- a laser is irradiated around the boundary portion 26 between the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 (step S102).
- the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 are rotated about the central axis O, and a unit melted portion that is formed once for each laser irradiation is formed by using the pulse oscillation laser device. Sequentially formed around the vicinity. By doing so, the melting part 25 composed of the plurality of unit melting parts 25n1 to 25n12 is formed over the entire circumference (around the boundary part 26) of the noble metal tip 24.
- laser irradiation is performed by shifting the laser irradiation axis LS from the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24 in the radial direction of the noble metal tip 24.
- the energy per unit area of the laser spot calculated by dividing the energy per pulse by the laser spot area is 30 J / mm 2 or more.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state of the laser welding process in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5A is a diagram of the laser welding process viewed from the ⁇ x direction
- FIG. 5B is a diagram of the laser welding process viewed from the + z direction.
- the laser LB is irradiated near the boundary portion 26 between the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24.
- the laser irradiation axis LS is parallel to the xy plane.
- the laser irradiation axis LS is shifted from the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24 in the radial direction of the noble metal tip 24 (x direction in FIG. 5B).
- the laser LB is irradiated near the boundary portion 26 so that the laser irradiation axis LS and the center axis O of the noble metal tip do not intersect.
- the laser irradiation axis LS is shifted from the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24 so that the position of the laser irradiation axis LS and the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24 is a twisted position. 24 are displaced in the radial direction.
- the position where the laser LB is irradiated is set, and the laser LB is irradiated in the vicinity of the boundary portion 26, whereby the unit melting portions 25n1 to 25n12 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 as shown in FIG. It becomes an elliptical shape having a major axis along.
- the laser irradiation position is set so that the diameter A of the noble metal tip 24 and the deviation X of the laser irradiation axis LS from the central axis O satisfy the following expression (3).
- the elliptical unit melted portions 25n1 to 25n12 having a long diameter along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 are formed by shifting the laser irradiation axis LS from the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24 in the radial direction. Can do. Therefore, the maximum width D in the circumferential direction is the same as that of the unit melted portion of the present embodiment, and compared with the case where a circular unit melted portion is formed, according to the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, The maximum width d in the z direction can be shortened. Therefore, it is possible to suppress welding sag toward the tip of the noble metal tip 24 and adhesion of spatter near the tip of the noble metal tip 24. Therefore, even when the thickness of the noble metal tip 24 is relatively small, welding sag toward the tip of the noble metal tip 24 and adhesion of spatter can be effectively suppressed. Can be secured. *
- blowholes are likely to occur in the overlapping portions of the unit melting portions.
- the maximum width d in the z direction is the same as that of the unit melting portion of the present embodiment, and the number of shots can be reduced according to the manufacturing method of the present embodiment as compared with the case of forming a circular unit melting portion.
- the melting part 25 can be formed. Therefore, the area of the overlapping portion of the unit melted portions in the melted portion 25 can be reduced as compared with the case where the circular unit melted portion is formed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress blowholes that are likely to occur in the overlapping portions of the unit melting portions.
- the position where the laser is irradiated so that the deviation amount of the laser irradiation axis LS satisfies the above formula (3), it is possible to effectively suppress welding sag, spatter, and blowhole.
- the higher the energy per unit area of the laser spot the more likely it is that welding sag, spatter, and blowholes will occur.
- the manufacturing method of the present embodiment even if the energy per unit area of the laser spot is 30 J / mm 2 or more, which is about 2 to 3 times higher than that of the conventional laser welding, And spatter and blow holes can be suppressed. Therefore, even when the high melting point noble metal tip 24 is laser-welded with high energy, it is possible to effectively suppress welding sag, spatter, and blowhole.
- Example 1 of the first embodiment In this example, in the laser welding method described above (FIG. 4, steps S101 to S102), in step S102, the diameter A and the shift amount X of the noble metal tip 24 are set as follows. 100 spark plugs were produced for each of the same diameter A and deviation X in different conditions 1 and 2 shown. *
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a melting portion of a spark plug in which welding sag, spatter, and blowhole are generated.
- FIG. 6A shows a state in which welding sag occurs in the melted portion.
- the distance L from the tip z1 of the melted part located in the most + z direction to the tip z2 of the melted part located in the most -z direction is measured, and when L ⁇ 0.1 mm, Therefore, it was determined that the welding state was NG. *
- FIG. 6B shows a spark plug in which spatter SP is generated.
- spatter SP having a diameter of 0.1 mm or more was generated, it was determined that the welding state was NG due to spatter.
- FIG. 6C shows a spark plug in which a blow hole BH is generated.
- the center electrode 20 of the spark plug was irradiated with X-rays to confirm the presence or absence of the blow hole BH.
- the size of the blow hole BH was measured by cutting a portion where the blow hole BH was confirmed and observing it with a metal microscope. When the size of the measured blowhole BH was 0.1 mm or more, it was determined that the welded state was NG due to the blowhole. *
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the evaluation result of the welding state when the deviation amount X of the laser irradiation axis LS is changed under the conditions 1 and 2.
- FIG. 7 shows the deviation amount X, the number of spark plugs determined to be NG due to the occurrence of welding sag and spatter, and the number of spark plugs determined to be NG due to the occurrence of blowholes. ing. Further, in FIG. 7, the range in which the number of spark plugs in which the welding state is determined to be NG due to welding sag, spatter, and blow holes is 0 is indicated by hatching. *
- Condition 1 when the absolute value of the deviation amount X is in the range of 0.15 ⁇
- Example 2 Evaluation of shape of unit melted portion of the first embodiment: Next, experimental results on the reason why it is preferable that the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 are welded so as to satisfy the formula (1). Based on *
- D is the maximum width in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 of the unit melting portions 25n1 to 25n12
- d is the maximum width in the direction parallel to the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24 (z direction).
- 100 spark plugs having different values were produced.
- the laser welding conditions the conditions 1 and 2 in Example 1 described above were used.
- the number of spark plugs in which the welding state was determined to be NG due to the occurrence of welding sag, spatter, or blowhole was counted. Since the criterion for determining that the welding state is NG is the same as that in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted. *
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the evaluation results of the welding state when the unit melted part is formed by changing the value of D / d under conditions 1 and 2.
- the value of D / d the number of spark plugs determined to be NG due to the occurrence of welding sag and spatter, the number of spark plugs determined to be NG due to the occurrence of blowholes, It is shown. Further, in FIG. 8, the range where the number of spark plugs determined to be NG by welding sag, spatter, and blow hole is 0 is indicated by hatching. *
- Example 3 of the first embodiment evaluation of peeling resistance of the noble metal tip: Next, an experiment was conducted on the reason why the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 are preferably welded so as to satisfy the formula (2). It demonstrates based on a result. *
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a manner of calculating the melted portion ratio.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a cutting position of the melted portion 25
- FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a cross section of the melted portion cut.
- the melting portion ratio is obtained by cutting the center P of the melting portion 25 in the direction parallel to the central axis O (z axis) along the circumferential direction (xy plane) of the noble metal tip 24.
- the area of the cross section was determined as S1
- the area of the melted portion 25 in the cross section was determined as S2 by calculating (S2 / S1) ⁇ 100.
- the spark having the center electrode 20 in which the unit melting part has an elliptical shape and the melting part ratio is 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%.
- a plug was produced. *
- a cooling test was performed.
- the tip of the center electrode 20 was heated with a burner for 2 minutes to raise the temperature of the center electrode 20 to 1000 ° C. Thereafter, the burner was turned off, the center electrode 20 was gradually cooled for 1 minute, and the center electrode 20 was heated again with the burner for 2 minutes to raise the temperature of 20 to 1000 ° C. This cycle was repeated 1000 times.
- the melted part 25 was cut along a zy plane passing through the central axis O, and the length of the oxide scale generated in the vicinity of the melted part 25 was measured. And the progress rate of the oxide scale was calculated
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating the progress rate of the oxide scale.
- FIG. 10 shows a cross section (half cross section) of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug subjected to the cooling test, cut along a zy plane passing through the central axis O.
- the progress rate of the oxide scale is the sum B of the lengths B1 and B2 of the oxide scale OS in the y direction in the half section and the sum C of the weld lengths C1 and C2 in the y direction between the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 , And the ratio of the oxide scale length B to the weld length C was calculated. And when the progress rate of the oxide scale OS was less than 50%, it was judged that the peel resistance was good. *
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the melted portion ratio and the progress rate of the oxide scale.
- the progress rate of the oxide scale became less than 50%. That is, when the melted portion ratio satisfies (S2 / S1) ⁇ 100 ⁇ 70 (formula (2)), the peel resistance of the noble metal tip 24 becomes good. From the above results, it was shown that the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 are preferably welded so as to satisfy the formula (2). *
- Second Embodiment B1. Configuration of Spark Plug: Since the configuration of the spark plug 100 in the present embodiment is the same as the configuration of the spark plug 100 of the first embodiment (FIGS. 1 to 3), description thereof is omitted. *
- the manufacturing method of the spark plug 100 in the present embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment except for the laser welding method of the electrode base material and the noble metal tip, and the description thereof is omitted. *
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a laser welding method of the electrode base material and the noble metal tip in the second embodiment. Also in the second embodiment, the noble metal tip 24 is disposed at a predetermined position of the electrode base material 21 as in the first embodiment (step S201). *
- a laser is irradiated around the boundary portion 26 between the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 (step S202).
- the rotation speed R (rps) per unit time for rotating the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 relative to the laser irradiation axis LS and the pulse width M (msec) of the laser are: It adjusts so that the following formula
- the laser is irradiated in parallel with the xy plane toward the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24. *
- the manufacturing method of the present embodiment as in the first embodiment, even when the energy per unit area of the laser spot is 30 J / mm 2 or higher, which is higher than the conventional one, welding sag, spatter, Blow holes can be suppressed.
- Example 1 of the second embodiment In this example, in the above laser irradiation step (step S202), the rotation speed R (rps) for rotating the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 around the central axis O is used. ) And the pulse width M (msec) of the laser were varied within the following conditions, and 100 spark plugs were produced for each different condition. With respect to the produced spark plugs, the number of spark plugs in which the weld state was determined to be NG due to the occurrence of welding sag, spatter, and blow holes was counted. Since the criterion for determining that the welding state is NG is the same as in Example 1 of the first embodiment described above, description thereof is omitted. *
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the evaluation results of the welding state when the rotation speed R (rps) and the pulse width M are changed.
- FIG. 13 shows the number of revolutions R and the pulse width M (msec), the number of spark plugs determined to be NG due to welding sag and spatter, and the spark determined to be NG due to the occurrence of blowholes.
- a value (0.36 ⁇ R ⁇ M) obtained by multiplying the number of plugs, rotation speed R (rps), pulse width M (msec), and 0.36, laser power, and energy per unit area of the laser spot And are shown.
- Manufacturing method of spark plug The manufacturing method of the spark plug 100 in the present embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment except for the laser welding method of the electrode base material and the noble metal tip, and the description thereof is omitted. *
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a laser welding method of the electrode base material and the noble metal tip in the third embodiment. Also in the third embodiment, the noble metal tip 24 is arranged at a predetermined position of the electrode base material 21 as in the first and second embodiments described above (step S301). *
- a laser is irradiated around the boundary portion 26 between the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 (step S302).
- the laser is irradiated near the boundary portion 26 between the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 using a laser irradiation apparatus having an optical system in which the laser spot has an elliptical shape.
- laser irradiation is performed using a laser irradiation apparatus including a lens capable of forming an elliptical beam.
- the laser is irradiated in parallel with the xy plane toward the central axis O of the noble metal tip 24.
- the laser is adjusted and irradiated so that the major axis of the laser spot is located in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 and the minor axis of the laser spot is located in a direction parallel to the central axis O (z axis) of the noble metal tip 24.
- the laser irradiation apparatus having an optical system in which the laser spot has an elliptical shape is, for example, a laser irradiation apparatus including a unit that deforms a round laser beam into an ellipse, or a cross section of the emitted beam is elliptical.
- Various apparatuses such as an irradiation apparatus using a semiconductor laser can be used.
- a method of deforming a round laser beam into an ellipse for example, a laser irradiation apparatus having a lens that forms a round laser beam is used, and the laser irradiation axis (incident axis) LS is shifted from the center axis of the lens.
- the section of the emitted beam may be elliptical by entering the lens and further shifting the focus.
- the elliptical unit melted portions 25n1 to 25n12 having a long diameter along the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 can be formed, and thus, similar to the first and second embodiments described above.
- the energy per unit area of the laser spot is 30 J / mm 2 or more, which is about 2 to 3 times or more than the conventional one. Even if it is relatively high, welding sag, spatter, and blow holes can be suppressed.
- the laser irradiation axis LS is shifted with respect to the central axis O of the noble metal tip as in the first embodiment, or the rotation speed R of the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 and the laser light are changed as in the second embodiment.
- the pulse width M Without adjusting the pulse width M, an elliptical unit melting portion can be formed. Therefore, welding sag, spatter, and blow holes can be suppressed by the same operation as general laser welding.
- laser welding is performed by irradiating the vicinity of the boundary portion 26 with a laser while rotating the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24.
- a laser is irradiated around the boundary portion 26 without rotating the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 while rotating the laser irradiation device in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24. It may be done.
- Laser welding is performed by rotating the laser irradiation device in the circumferential direction of the noble metal tip 24 and rotating the electrode base material 21 and the noble metal tip 24 to irradiate a laser around the boundary portion 26. Also good. *
- the shape of the unit melting portions 25n1 to 25n12 is an elliptical shape.
- the shape of the unit melted portions 25n1 to 25n12 may not be a complete elliptical shape.
- the shape of the unit melted portions 25n1 to 25n12 may be any shape in which the major axis and the minor axis satisfy the above formula (1) and the welding state is not determined to be NG due to welding sag. If the unit melting portions 25n1 to 25n12 have such a shape, the same effects as those of the various embodiments described above can be obtained. *
- the laser welding method of the electrode base material 21 of the center electrode 20 and the noble metal tip 24 is shown.
- This laser welding method may be applied to the electrode base material 31 and the noble metal tip 34 of the ground electrode 30.
- the noble metal tip 34 may be laser welded to the electrode base material 31 through an intermediate tip interposed between the electrode base material 31 and the noble metal tip 34.
- the intermediate tip for example, the noble metal tip 34 is laser welded to the intermediate tip in advance, and the intermediate tip is resistance welded or laser welded to the electrode base material 31 of the ground electrode 30.
- the intermediate chip can be regarded as a part of the ground electrode.
- the intermediate chip may be formed of the same material as the ground electrode. *
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and modifications, and can be realized with various configurations without departing from the spirit thereof.
- the technical features in the embodiments and the modifications corresponding to the technical features in each form described in the summary section of the invention are to solve some or all of the above-described problems, or In order to achieve part or all of the effects, replacement or combination can be performed as appropriate. Further, if the technical feature is not described as essential in the present specification, it can be deleted as appropriate.
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Abstract
Description
1.05≦D/d≦1.50・・・式(1)
ただし、Dは、貴金属チップ24の周方向の最大幅(長径)、
dは、貴金属チップ24の中心軸Oと平行な方向の最大幅(短径)。
なお、単位溶融部25n1~25n12の貴金属チップ24の周方向の最大幅とは、図2を用いて説明すると、x方向から中心電極20を見た場合における、単位溶融部25n1~25n12のy方向の最大長さである。
(S2/S1)×100≧70・・・式(2)
ただし、S1は溶融部25の中心軸O(z軸)と平行な方向における中心を、貴金属チップ24の周方向(図2においてxy平面)に沿って切断した断面の面積、
S2は断面における溶融部25の面積。
なお、溶融部25の中心軸O(z軸)と平行な方向とは、中心軸Oと完全に平行な方向でなくともよく、例えば、数°のずれを含む概ね平行な方向であってもよい。
・貴金属チップ
直径A:0.6mm
材質:Ir合金
・レーザ
レーザパワー:200W
パルス幅:6msec
ショット数:12ショット
電極母材と貴金属チップの回転速度:2rps
レーザスポット径:150μm
レーザスポットの単位面積あたりのエネルギー:68J/mm2((200W×6msec)/((150μm/2000)2×π)により算出。)
・貴金属チップ
直径A:0.8mm
材質:Pt合金
・レーザ
レーザパワー:150W
パルス幅:4msec
ショット数:16ショット
電極母材と貴金属チップの回転速度:2rps
レーザスポット径:150μm
レーザスポットの単位面積あたりのエネルギー:34J/mm2((150W×4msec)/((150μm/2000)2×π)により算出。)
直径A:0.6mm
材質:Ir合金
・ レーザ
パルス幅:M(msec)
回転速度:R(rps)
ショット数:12ショット
レーザスポット径:直径150μm
6、7…リング部材
8…板パッキン
9…タルク
10…絶縁碍子
12…軸孔
13…脚長部
15…碍子段部
17…先端側胴部
18…後端側胴部
19…中央胴部
20…中心電極
21…電極母材
22…芯材
24…貴金属チップ
25…溶融部
25n1~25n12…単位溶融部
26…境界部
30…接地電極
31…電極母材
34…貴金属チップ
40…端子金具
50…主体金具
51…工具係合部
52…取付ネジ部
53…加締部
54…シール部
56…金具内段部
57…先端面
58…圧縮変形部
100…スパークプラグ
O…中心軸(軸線)
P…溶融部中心
LB…レーザ
LS…レーザ照射軸
BH…ブローホール
SP…スパッタ
OS…酸化スケール
Claims (6)
- 中心電極および接地電極を備え、前記中心電極および前記接地電極の少なくともいずれか一方は、電極母材と該電極母材に溶接された柱状の貴金属チップとを有するスパークプラグの製造方法であって、
パルス発振レーザを照射することにより、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとの境界部の周囲に1回の前記レーザの照射につき1つ形成される単位溶融部を複数形成し、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとを溶接するレーザ溶接工程を備え、
前記レーザ溶接工程では、前記レーザの照射軸を前記貴金属チップの中心軸から前記貴金属チップの径方向にずらし、
前記貴金属チップの直径を直径A、前記レーザの照射軸をずらす量をXとしたとき、
A/20≦|X|≦A/4
を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグの製造方法。 - 中心電極および接地電極を備え、前記中心電極および前記接地電極の少なくともいずれか一方は、電極母材と該電極母材に溶接された柱状の貴金属チップとを有するスパークプラグの製造方法であって、
パルス発振レーザを照射することにより、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとの境界部の周囲に1回の前記レーザの照射につき1つ形成される単位溶融部を複数形成し、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとを溶接するレーザ溶接工程を備え、
前記レーザ溶接工程では、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとを前記レーザの照射軸に対して相対的に回転させる、単位時間あたりの回転数をR(rps)、前記レーザのパルス幅をM(msec)としたとき、
5≦0.36×R×M≦30
を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグの製造方法。 - 中心電極および接地電極を備え、前記中心電極および前記接地電極の少なくともいずれか一方は、電極母材と該電極母材に溶接された柱状の貴金属チップとを有するスパークプラグの製造方法であって、
パルス発振レーザを照射することにより、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとの境界部の周囲に1回の前記レーザの照射につき1つ形成される単位溶融部を複数形成し、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとを溶接するレーザ溶接工程を備え、
前記レーザ溶接工程では、レーザスポットが楕円形状となる光学系を有するレーザ照射装置を用いて、前記貴金属チップの周方向に沿って長径を有する楕円形状の前記単位溶融部を形成することを特徴とする、スパークプラグの製造方法。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグの製造方法であって、
前記単位溶融部は、前記貴金属チップの周方向の最大幅をD、前記貴金属チップの中心軸と平行な方向の最大幅をdとしたとき、
1.05≦D/d≦1.50
を満たす楕円形状を有することを特徴とする、スパークプラグの製造方法。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグの製造方法であって、
前記単位溶融部を前記境界部の周囲に複数形成することにより、前記貴金属チップの全周にわたって形成された溶融部を、前記貴金属チップの周方向に沿って切断した断面の面積をS1、前記断面における前記溶融部の面積をS2としたときに、
(S2/S1)×100≧70
を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグの製造方法。 - 請求項1から請求項5までのいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグの製造方法であって、
前記レーザ溶接工程では、前記電極母材と前記貴金属チップとの前記境界部の周囲に、レーザスポットの単位面積あたりのエネルギーが30J/mm2以上で前記レーザが照射されることを特徴とする、スパークプラグの製造方法。
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KR1020167012652A KR20160070827A (ko) | 2013-11-15 | 2014-08-21 | 스파크 플러그의 제조 방법 |
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JP2002033176A (ja) * | 2000-05-12 | 2002-01-31 | Denso Corp | スパークプラグおよびその製造方法 |
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JP4617388B1 (ja) | 2009-08-03 | 2011-01-26 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
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