WO2015070478A1 - 一种混酸溶液的电位滴定方法 - Google Patents
一种混酸溶液的电位滴定方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015070478A1 WO2015070478A1 PCT/CN2013/087665 CN2013087665W WO2015070478A1 WO 2015070478 A1 WO2015070478 A1 WO 2015070478A1 CN 2013087665 W CN2013087665 W CN 2013087665W WO 2015070478 A1 WO2015070478 A1 WO 2015070478A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
- C09K13/04—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions containing an inorganic acid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
- G01N31/16—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods using titration
- G01N31/162—Determining the equivalent point by means of a discontinuity
- G01N31/164—Determining the equivalent point by means of a discontinuity by electrical or electrochemical means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/15—Inorganic acid or base [e.g., hcl, sulfuric acid, etc. ]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of treating a mixed solution in an etching process, and more particularly to a method for determining the content of each component in a mixed acid solution. Background technique
- Wet etching is the core process of patterning a metal film layer with an acid etching solution in the TFT manufacturing process to form a gate (Gate MolAl), source-drain (Source-Drain Cr) pixel (ITO) electrode.
- a gate Gate MolAl
- Source-Drain Cr Source-drain
- ITO pixel
- aluminum and molybdenum are often used as conductive materials to form the gate electrode, and the wet etching solution can use a plurality of different acids, but the most popular one is to dissolve and redox the mixed acid (phosphoric acid, nitric acid and glacial acetic acid). Thereby, the patterning of the gate film layer is achieved.
- composition of the mixed acid of aluminum etching solution is probably phosphoric acid (70 ⁇ 72%), nitric acid (1.8% ⁇ 2.0%), glacial acetic acid (9.5% ⁇ 10.5%).
- the principle of reaction of each acid with aluminum and molybdenum is as follows:
- nitric acid plays a role of providing 30 + ⁇ of etching molybdenum and alumina; acid to provide the phosphate, to form a complex with the oxidized metal to dissolve; acetic acid may be attached to the surface of the reaction, the etching may be reduced Liquid viscosity to improve wettability and adjust etch rate.
- concentration of nitric acid and glacial acetic acid in the reaction is of great significance for the adjustment of the etching rate and the formation of the etching shape.
- the strength of an acid or a base exhibited by an acid or a base in a solution is not only related to the nature of the acid and base itself, but also to the nature of the solvent.
- the difference in ionization constant (pKa value) between the components should be about 5 to pass the titration.
- Potentiometric titration is used to determine the end point of the titration by measuring the potential jump in the titration process. It has high sensitivity and accuracy, and can be automated and continuously measured, so it is widely used. However, most of the existing potentiometric titration mixed acid methods are mainly carried out by two-ply method, and are combined with an appropriate non-aqueous solvent system: First, an ethanol solution of tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a titrant, and anhydrous ethanol is used as a solvent.
- the KOH isopropanol solution is used as a titrant, and methanol is used as a solvent to titrate the nitric acid content in the mixed acid.
- the NaOH aqueous solution is used as a titrant, and the saturated sodium chloride solution is used as a solvent to titrate the phosphoric acid and acetic acid in the mixed acid.
- the titration process produces two endpoints, the first endpoint being the first hydrogen ion of nitric acid and phosphoric acid, and the second endpoint being the second hydrogen ion of phosphoric acid and acetic acid, which are automatically calculated to yield the three acids.
- the present invention provides a new potentiometric titration method for a mixed acid solution, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: Preparing a strong alkali-alcohol solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mol/L, using a reference reagent The actual concentration of the strong alkali-alcohol solution is calibrated in an automatic potentiometric titrator; Step 2: adding a first solvent and a second solvent to the mixed acid solution, that is, a mixture of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid, and uniformly stirring to form a mixed system, using a strong base-alcohol solution after the calibration, the three acid concentration equivalence points in the mixed system
- the second step further comprises: titrating the concentration of the background acid after mixing the first solvent and the second solvent in an automatic potentiometric titrator by using the calibration of the strong alkali-alcohol solution; Point; used to eliminate the influence of background acidity on the calculation of the acetic acid content.
- the mass ratio of the total volume of the first solvent and the second solvent to the mixed acid solution is 200 to 400 ml: lg.
- the strong base is analytically pure potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; and the solvent in the strong base-alcohol solution is ethanol or ethylene glycol.
- the reference reagent is benzoic acid or potassium hydrogen phthalate.
- the present invention introduces two solvents to form a titration medium.
- an alkaline solvent such as ethylenediamine or butylamine makes the titration reaction of the mixed acid proceed in an alkaline environment, which makes the titration end point more obvious, reduces the electrode end point recognition time, and improves the test aging; on the other hand, the improvement
- ethanol as a neutral solvent can lower the viscosity coefficient of the titration reaction environment, accelerate the transfer of acid-base ions in the mixed system, and accelerate the reaction aging.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing a potential titration of a mixed acid in an alkaline environment according to Example 1 of the present invention.
- 2 is a graph showing the mixed acid potentiometric titration of the control experiment of Example 1 of the present invention.
- the non-aqueous titration method allows the acid-base titration that was not possible in the aqueous phase to be carried out, thereby expanding the titration range.
- the acid-base titration in non-aqueous medium is mainly based on the acid-base concept of proton theory, and the solvent has a great influence on the strength of acid and alkali.
- the invention adopts a strong base alcohol solution as a titrant, a mixed solvent composed of an amphoteric solvent and an alkaline solvent as a titration medium, and uses a enthalpy method to accurately titrate the concentration of each monoacid in the mixed acid.
- the solvent of strong base can be ethanol or ethylene glycol.
- the principle of choice of the solvent is inexpensive and readily available, the solubility of the strong base therein is good, and it is sufficiently miscible with the solvent used for the titration.
- the amphoteric solvent that is, the first solvent defined in this embodiment is ethanol; the basic solvent, that is, the first solvent defined in this embodiment is ethylenediamine or butylamine.
- the two solvents together constitute a titration medium, and the amount of the titration medium is determined according to the amount of the sample, and the ratio between the two is in accordance with certain conditions.
- Step 1 Prepare a strong alkali-ethylene glycol solution having a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mol/L, and calibrate the strong base in an automatic potentiometric titrator using a reference reagent. - the actual concentration of the ethylene glycol solution.
- analytically pure KOH was used to prepare KOH-ethylene glycol solution.
- SP 65.9 g of KOH (analytical grade, concentration 85%) was accurately weighed by an electronic balance, and an appropriate amount of ethylene glycol (analytical grade) was added to dissolve.
- a KOH-ethylene glycol solution having a concentration of about 1 mol/L was allowed to stand for 15 days.
- the KOH-ethylene glycol solution before calibration was obtained.
- the above-mentioned KOH-ethylene glycol solution is calibrated using the reference reagent benzoic acid (as known to those skilled in the art, the reference reagent may also be potassium hydrogen phthalate), SP: benzoic acid is baked in an oven at 105 °0. Dry to constant weight and then cool in a desiccator for at least 1 hour.
- Step 2 The mixed acid solution described in this embodiment is prepared by using nitric acid, phosphoric acid or acetic acid having a determined concentration. Among them, 70.76 wt% of nitric acid 4.0843 g, 85.69 wt% of phosphoric acid 124.5017 g, and 99.99 wt% of acetic acid 14.9896 g were added, and after stirring with water, 150.0950 g of a mixed acid solution was obtained.
- the mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed acid solution to the first solvent and the second solvent volume is lg: 200 mL.
- the three acid concentration equivalence points (EP) in the mixed system are titrated in the automatic potentiometric titrator by using the above KOH-ethylene glycol standard solution, and the three equal-points EP1, EP2, EP3 appearing respectively can correspond to The concentrations of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid were obtained and tested in parallel three times and averaged.
- a preferred embodiment is to first measure the titration medium composed of the first solvent and the second solvent.
- the acidity of the self in order to eliminate the influence of the background acidity on the calculation of the acetic acid content, that is, the method of blank titration.
- the background acid concentration data of the titration medium is titrated in an automatic potentiometric titrator by using the KOH-glycol solution after the first calibration, and the background acid concentration data can be obtained correspondingly.
- Step 3 According to the principle of mass conservation, the mass percentages of the respective acids in the mixed acid solution are calculated by using various data obtained in the second step and in combination with the following formula.
- m HNO3% VEPI XCXM HN /HI
- m H3P04% ( VEP2- VEPI )
- XCXM mp n/m HI HAc% (VEP3 - VEP2 - Vblank ) CXM HAc/ ⁇ where the meaning of each symbol is as follows:
- V EP1 volume of KOH-ethylene glycol solution consumed when the first acid (nitric acid) concentration is reached, in units of L;
- V EP2 volume of K0H-ethylene glycol solution consumed when reaching the second acid concentration (phosphoric acid), unit: L;
- V blank the volume of the KOH-ethylene glycol solution consumed by the titration medium when the background acid (ethanol) concentration is reached, in units of L;
- the mixed acid titration method used in this embodiment can calibrate the acid concentration in the mixed acid. And in each set of experiments, the relative standard deviation RSD of the acid concentration does not exceed 1%, indicating that the experimental data obtained in this example is reliable, stable and feasible. Second, the actual concentration of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and acetic acid measured by titration is less than ⁇ 3% compared with the original concentration, indicating that the calibration method of this embodiment is accurate and reliable.
- Control experiment The setting of the control experiment is to illustrate the effect of the titration medium on the calibration of the acid concentration in the mixed acid solution and the calibration time in a neutral environment.
- the first solvent is ethanol
- the second solvent is propylene glycol.
- the KOH-ethanol solution having an actual concentration of 0.1108 mol/L was prepared, calibrated and obtained by the method of Example 1 and Example 1. 0.2 g of the mixed acid solution described in the second step of Example 1 was added thereto, and 20 ml of the first solvent ethanol and 20 ml of the second solvent 1,2-propanediol were added thereto and stirred uniformly (so that the volume of ethanol and 1,2-propanediol was 1:1).
- the mass-to-volume ratio of the mixed acid solution to the titration medium is lg: 200 mL), forming a mixed system, and titrating the three acid concentration points in the mixed system by using the above KOH-ethanol standard solution in an automatic potentiometric titrator
- the three equal points EP1, EP2, and EP3 can respectively obtain the concentrations of nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and acetic acid, and the experiments are performed three times in parallel and averaged.
- the experimental data thus obtained are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below, while recording the time required for titration. 4
- the curve 2 of Fig. 1 is relatively smoother than the curve 2 of Fig. 2, indicating that the alkaline environment is advantageous for the accurate determination of the end point of the dropping point.
- the average effect of testing one sample in an alkaline environment is about 140s higher than that in a neutral environment, which makes the titration end point more obvious, and the electrode end point recognition time is reduced, which effectively improves the test aging.
- the first solvent, the second solvent volume, and the mass to volume ratio of lg: 400 mL) form a mixed system.
- the various acid contents in the mixed acid solution were calibrated using the KOH-ethylene glycol standard solution calibrated in Example 1, and the experimental data obtained are shown in Table 6 and Table 7 below: Table 6 Concentration of each system The test result of the volume V of the standard solution consumed by the equivalence point and its potential U
- the various acid contents in the mixed acid solution were calibrated using the KOH-ethylene glycol standard solution calibrated in Example 1.
- Table 10 Concentration of each system The volume V of the standard solution consumed by the equivalence point, the potential U and the calibration time test result
- Example 1 to Example 4 It can be known from Example 1 to Example 4 that the mixed acid titration method provided by the present invention can calibrate the acid concentration in the mixed acid in one operation, and is especially suitable for the mixed acid of the currently widely used aluminum etching solution. Determination of ingredients. In each set of experiments, the relative standard deviation RSD of the acid concentration did not exceed 1%, indicating that the experimental data obtained by the method is reliable, stable and feasible. The actual concentration of nitric acid, phosphoric acid and acetic acid measured by titration is less than ⁇ 3% compared with the original concentration, indicating that the method of the invention is accurate and reliable.
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Abstract
一种混酸溶液的电位滴定法,包括如下步骤:步骤一:配制浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L的强碱-醇溶液,利用基准试剂在自动滴定仪中标定出强碱-醇溶液的实际浓度;步骤二:在混酸溶液中加入第一溶剂及第二溶剂,搅拌均匀形成混合体系,利用强碱-醇溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴定出混合体系中三个酸浓度等当点,其中第一溶剂与第二溶剂的体积比为8-16:1,第一溶剂为乙醇,第二溶剂为乙二胺或丁胺;步骤三:根据质量守恒原理,利用步骤二获得的酸浓度等当点计算混酸溶液中各酸的含量。本方法可快速准确地测试混酸中各酸浓度。
Description
一种混酸溶液的电位滴定方法
技术领域 本发明涉及蚀刻过程中混合溶液的处理方法,尤其是对混酸溶液 中各组分含量的测定方法。 背景技术
湿刻是 TFT制造过程中用酸性腐蚀液对金属膜层进行图形化, 进而形成栅极(Gate MolAl),源、漏极(Source -Drain Cr)像素(ITO) 电极的核心工艺。其中, 铝和钼常作为导电材料来形成栅极, 其湿刻 液可使用多种不同的酸, 但最普及的是利用混酸(磷酸、硝酸和冰醋 酸)对其进行溶解和氧化还原过程, 从而实现栅极膜层的图形化。 铝蚀刻液混酸的组成大概为磷酸(70~72%)、硝酸( 1.8%~2.0%)、 冰醋酸(9.5%~10.5%), 各酸和铝、 钼反应的原理如下所示:
HN03+H20→H30++N03-
2Α1+6Η"-→2Α13++3Η2
2Μο+6Η"→2Μο3++3Η2
Η3Ρ04+2Η20→2Η30++ΗΡΟ
2Α13++3ΗΡ04 2-→Α12(ΗΡ04)3→2Α1Ρ04+ Η3Ρ04
2Μο3++3ΗΡ04 2-— Μο2(ΗΡ04)3— 2ΜοΡ04+ Η3Ρ04
其中, 硝酸扮演提供 Η30+的角色, 与氧化铝钼进行蚀刻; 而磷酸 是提供磷酸根,与氧化的金属形成络合物从而溶解;冰醋酸可附着于 反应物表面,可降低刻蚀液黏度以提高浸润性和调整蚀刻速率。反应 中对硝酸和冰醋酸浓度控制的好坏,对于蚀刻速率的调整和蚀刻形状 的形成具有重大的意义。 而根据酸碱质子理论,酸或碱在某种溶液中表现出的酸或碱的强 度,不仅与酸碱本身的性质有关,也与溶剂的性质有关。在水溶液中, 各个组分之间电离常数(pKa值)的差别应达到 5左右才能通过滴定
替换页 (细则第 26条)
分别测定。 例如硝酸、 磷酸和醋酸的形成的混酸溶液中, 硝酸的 pKa 值为 -1.32, 磷酸一级电离的 pK 值为 1.96, 在水溶液中会产生拉平 效应无法分别滴定, 醋酸的 pKa值为 4.73, 磷酸的二级电离 pKa2值 为 7.12, 也无法在水溶液中分别滴定。 而在合适的非水溶剂中, 通常 pKa差值在 2到 3就足够了, 因此, 需要选择合适的非水溶剂才能将 以上混酸分别滴定出来。
采用电位滴定法通过测量滴定过程中电位突跃变化来确定滴定 终点, 其灵敏度和准确度高, 并可实现自动化和连续测定, 因此用途 十分广泛。但是现有的电位滴定混酸方法大多以两歩法为主, 配合以 适当的非水溶剂体系来实现: 第一歩, 以四丁基溴化铵的乙醇溶液为 滴定剂, 无水乙醇作为溶剂, 或者以 KOH的异丙醇溶液为滴定剂, 甲醇作为溶剂, 滴定混酸中硝酸含量; 第二歩, 以 NaOH水溶液作 为滴定剂, 饱和氯化钠溶液作为溶剂, 滴定混酸中的磷酸和醋酸。滴 定过程产生两个终点, 第一个终点为硝酸和磷酸的第一个氢离子,第 二个终点为磷酸的第二个氢离子和醋酸,通过自动计算得到三种酸的 含量。这些方法都是通过两歩滴定和计算来实现, 滴定过程操作繁琐 费时, 且用到多种滴定剂和溶剂体系, 增加了滴定结果的不确定度, 从而降低滴定结果的准确度和重复性。 发明内容 为解决上述问题, 本发明提供一种新的混酸溶液的电位滴定方 法, 其包括如下歩骤: 歩骤一: 配制浓度为 0.1〜0.2mol/L的强碱-醇溶液, 利用基准试 剂在自动电位滴定仪中标定出所述强碱-醇溶液的实际浓度; 歩骤二: 在所述混酸溶液即硝酸、 磷酸、 醋酸混合液中, 加入第 一溶剂及第二溶剂, 搅拌均匀形成混合体系, 利用歩骤一标定后的强 碱-醇溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴定出所述混合体系中三个酸浓度等 当点; 其中, 所述第一溶剂与所述第二溶剂的体积比为 8〜16: 1; 所述第一溶 剂为乙醇, 所述第二溶剂为乙二胺或丁胺;
歩骤三: 根据质量守恒原理, 利用歩骤二获得的酸浓度等当点计 算所述混酸溶液中各酸的含量。 进一歩地, 所述歩骤二中还包括: 利用歩骤一标定后的强碱-醇 溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴定出所述第一溶剂及第二溶剂混合后的 背景酸浓度等当点; 用于消除背景酸度对所述醋酸含量计算的影响。 进一歩地, 所述第一溶剂、第二溶剂总体积与所述混酸溶液的质 量比为 200〜400ml: lg。 进一歩地, 所述强碱为分析纯的氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠; 所述强碱 -醇溶液中溶剂为乙醇或乙二醇。 进一歩地, 所述基准试剂为苯甲酸或邻苯二甲酸氢钾。 有益效果: 本发明引入两种溶剂共同构成滴定介质。其中, 乙二胺或丁胺这类碱 性溶剂, 使得混酸的滴定反应在碱性环境下进行, 使滴定终点突跃更 加明显, 减少电极终点识别时间, 提高测试时效; 另一方面, 提高了 乙醇作为中性溶剂的加入量, 可以降低滴定反应环境的粘度系数,使 酸碱离子在混合体系中传递和反应速率加快, 有助于提高反应时效。 本发明可快速准确地测试混酸中硝酸、 磷酸和醋酸各酸浓度, 同时, 可大大节约测试时间, 提高测试的效率及可重复性。对于调整蚀刻速 率和形成良好的栅极形状具有重大的意义, 可在 TFT行业中大力推 广。 附图说明 图 1为本发明实施例 1在碱性环境下混酸的电位滴定曲线图。 图 2为本发明实施例 1对照实验的混酸电位滴定曲线图。 具体实施方式
利用非水滴定的方法,可以进行原来在水相中无法进行的酸碱滴 定, 从而扩大滴定范围。 非水介质中酸碱滴定, 主要以质子理论的酸 碱概念为基础, 溶剂对酸碱的强度影响很大。
本发明采用强碱的醇溶液为滴定剂,一种两性溶剂和一种碱性溶 剂组成的混合溶剂作为滴定介质,采用一歩法来准确滴定混酸中各单 酸浓度。 其中: 强碱 (如 KOH、 NaOH) 的溶剂可以采用乙醇或乙二醇。 溶剂的 选择原则是价廉易得, 强碱在其中的溶解性好, 并且和滴定所用的 溶剂能充分互溶。 而两性溶剂, 即本实施例定义的第一溶剂为乙醇; 碱性溶剂,即 本实施例定义的第一溶剂为乙二胺或丁胺。两种溶剂共同构成滴定介 质, 该滴定介质的用量要根据样品量来决定, 而且两者之间的比例要 符合一定的条件。 实施例 1 本实施例的具体操作歩骤如下: 歩骤一: 配制浓度为 0.1〜0.2mol/L的强碱-乙二醇溶液, 利用基 准试剂在自动电位滴定仪中标定出所述强碱-乙二醇溶液的实际浓 度。 本实施例采用分析纯 KOH, 配制 KOH-乙二醇溶液, SP: 用电子 天平准确称取 65.9g的 KOH (分析纯, 浓度 85%), 加入适量的乙二 醇 (分析纯) 溶解, 配置成浓度约 lmol/L的 KOH-乙二醇溶液, 静置 沉降 15天。 取静置后的 KOH-乙二醇溶液上层清液适量, 用适量乙二 醇稀释成标定前的低浓度的溶液 (以接近最佳浓度为 O.lmol/L为佳), 真空抽滤, 得到标定前的 KOH-乙二醇溶液。 本实施例采用基准试剂苯甲酸标定上述 KOH-乙二醇溶液 (本领 域技术人员可知, 基准试剂还可以为邻苯二甲酸氢钾), SP : 将苯甲 酸放入 105 °0的烘箱中烘干至恒重, 然后置于干燥器中冷却至少 1 小时备用。 精密称取处理好的苯甲酸 (精确到 O.lmg) 到在自动电位 滴定仪滴定杯中, 加入适量无水乙醇(以浸没到电极)为准, 室温下 搅拌至完全溶解。 然后以上述标定前的 KOH-乙二醇溶液在自动电位 滴定仪中滴定至出现第一个滴定终点。 平行测试 3次, 取平均值,具 体标定结果如下表 1所示:
表 1 KOH-乙二醇溶液的标定结果
根据表 1可知, 本实施例的 KOH-乙二醇标准溶液实际浓度为 0.1114 mol/L。 歩骤二: 在本实施例所述混酸溶液, 是采用已确定浓度的硝酸、 磷酸、 醋酸配制。 其中, 取 70.76wt%的硝酸 4.0843g、 85.69wt%的磷 酸 124.5017g、 99.99wt%的醋酸 14.9896g,加水搅拌后获得 150.0950g 的混酸溶液。 取所述混酸溶液 0.2g, 往其中加入第一溶剂乙醇 ¥ =35.51111、 第 二溶剂乙二胺 V2=4.5ml搅拌均匀, 形成混合体系。 此时, 混酸溶液 与第一溶剂、第二溶剂体积和的质量体积比为 lg: 200mL。再利用上 述 KOH-乙二醇标准溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴定出所述混合体系中 三个酸浓度等当点 (EP), 先后出现的三个等当点 EP1、 EP2、 EP3 分别可对应获得硝酸、磷酸和醋酸的浓度,平行实验三次,取平均值。 另外, 由于第一溶剂乙醇具有一定酸度, 会干扰混酸中弱酸(醋 酸)的滴定, 使实际测试结果偏高, 因此较佳的实施方式是先测定第 一溶剂和第二溶剂所组成的滴定介质自身酸度,进而以消除背景酸度 对所述醋酸含量计算的影响, 即采用空白滴定的方法。具体为: 利用 歩骤一标定后的 KOH-乙二醇溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴定出所述滴 定介质的背景酸浓度等当点(blank) ,即可对应获得背景酸浓度数据。 歩骤三: 根据质量守恒原理, 利用歩骤二获得的各种数据, 以及 结合以下公式计算所述混酸溶液中各酸的质量百分比。 m HNO3%=VEPI X C X M HN /HI m H3P04%= ( VEP2- VEPI ) X C X M mp n/m
HI HAc%= (VEP3 - VEP2 - Vblank ) C X M HAc/ΠΙ 其中, 各符号代表的意义如下:
C KOH-乙二醇溶液的浓度, 单位: mol/L。
VEP1—到达第一个酸 (硝酸) 浓度等当点时所消耗的 KOH-乙二 醇溶液的体积, 单位: L;
V EP2—到达第二个酸浓度等当点 (磷酸) 时所消耗的 K0H-乙二 醇溶液的体积, 单位: L;
V EP3 到达第三个酸 (醋酸) 浓度等当点时所消耗的 KOH-乙二 醇溶液的体积, 单位: L;
Vblank—到达背景酸(乙醇)浓度等当点时滴定介质所消耗的 KOH- 乙二醇溶液的体积, 单位: L;
m 测试所称取的混酸的质量, 单位: g;
M—各酸的摩尔质量。 根据歩骤二获得的实验数据如下表 2、 表 3所示: 表 2 各体系浓度等当点所消耗标准溶液的体积 V及其电位 U测 试结果
RSD /% 0.41 0.23 0.21 将表 2和表 3数据转换为图 1所示, 曲线 1滴定曲线, 曲线 2是 对曲线 1数据的求导(d), 可辅助准确找出曲线 1上的三个滴定突变 点 (即滴定等当点) EP1、 EP2、 EP3。 从图 1可知, 曲线 1清晰可见 三个滴定突变过程,曲线 2中也清晰指示出曲线 1上三个滴定等当点 EP1、 EP2、 EP3。在非突变点的滴定过程中, 曲线 2相对平滑、稳定, 只在滴定等当点出突然越变,清晰指示出在曲线 1上对应的突变电位 数值。 由表 2、 表 3和图 1可知: 第一, 本实施例所采用的混酸滴定方法 一歩操作可标定出混酸中各酸浓度。且每组实验中, 酸浓度的相对标 准方差 RSD不超过 1%, 说明本实施例获得的实验数据是可信的、 稳 定可行的。 第二, 经过滴定测出的硝酸、 磷酸、 醋酸实际浓度与已标 定原始浓度相比, 误差不超过 ±3%, 说明本实施例的标定方法准确、 可靠。 对照实验: 对照实验的设置是为了说明,滴定介质为中性的环境下对混酸溶 液中各酸浓度的标定以及标定时间的影响。其中,第一溶剂选用乙醇, 第二溶剂选用丙二醇。 参照实施例 1歩骤一的方法配制、 标定并获得实际浓度为 0.1108 mol/L的 KOH-乙醇溶液。 取实施例 1歩骤二中所述混酸溶液 0.2g, 往其中加入第一溶剂乙 醇 20ml、 第二溶剂 1,2-丙二醇 20ml搅拌均匀 (使得乙醇与 1,2-丙二醇 的体积为 1 : 1, 混酸溶液与滴定介质的质量体积比为 lg: 200mL), 形成混合体系, 利用上述 KOH-乙醇标准溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴 定出所述混合体系中三个酸浓度等当点, 先后出现的三个等当点 EP1、 EP2、 EP3分别可对应获得硝酸、 磷酸和醋酸的浓度, 平行实验 三次, 取平均值。如此获得实验数据如下表 4和表 5所示, 同时记录滴 定所需时间。
4 各体系浓度等当点所消耗标准溶液的体积 V、 电位 U及标定时间 试结果
将表 4和表 5数据转换为图 2所示, 分析滴定突变点。 图 2中的曲线 1可见三个滴定突变过程, 曲线 2中也能反应出曲线 1上三个滴定等当 点 EP1、 EP2、 EP3。 但是, 在非突变点的滴定过程中, 曲线 2呈现锯 齿状, 不利于滴定等当点的准确判断。 由表 4、 表 5和图 2可知: 第一, 虽然中性环境下所采用的混酸滴 定方法的 RSD不超过 1%, 但醋酸实际浓度与配制理论浓度相比, 误 差将近达到 3%, 说明未扣除溶剂背景条件下降会使醋酸实测浓度有 偏大现象。 第二, 从图 2和图 1的对比图可见, 图 1的曲线 2比图 2的曲 线 2相对平滑, 说明在碱性环境有利于滴点终点的准确判断。 同时, 碱性环境下平均测试 1个样品的实效比中性环境下提高约 140s左右, 使滴定终点突跃更加明显, 电极终点识别时间减少, 有效提高测试时 效。 实施例 2
本实施例中, 取实施例 1配制的所述混酸溶液 0.2g, 往其中加入 第一溶剂乙醇 V尸 75.3ml、 第二溶剂乙二胺 V2=4.7ml搅拌均匀, (使得 混酸溶液与与第一溶剂、第二溶剂体积和的质量体积比为 lg: 400mL) 形成混合体系。 参照实施例 1所示歩骤, 利用实施例 1中标定的 KOH- 乙二醇标准溶液标定混酸溶液中各种酸含量,获得的实验数据如下表 6和表 7所示: 表 6 各体系浓度等当点所消耗标准溶液的体积 V及其电位 U的测 试结果
实施例 3 本实施例中, 第二溶剂采用丁胺, 取实施例 1配制的所述混酸溶 液 0.2g,往其中加入第一溶剂乙醇 ¥尸75.31111、第二溶剂丁胺 V2=4.7ml 搅拌均匀, (使得乙醇与丁胺的体积为 16: 1, 混酸溶液与滴定介质的 质量体积比为 lg: 400mL) 形成混合体系。 参照实施例 1所示歩骤, 利用实施例 1中标定的 KOH-乙二醇标准溶液标定混酸溶液中各种酸 含量, 获得的实验数据如下表 8和表 9所示: 表 8 各体系浓度等当点所消耗标准溶液的体积 V及其电位 U的测
m/g VEPI UEPI VEP2 UEP2 VEP3 U EP3 Vblank Ublank
/mL /mV /mL /mV /mL /mV /mL /mV
0.2040 0.5711 325.1 13.8395 130 17.0527 -50 0.1948 -54.1
0.2100 0.5918 322.8 14.2945 124.6 17.5918 -53.1 0.2012 -52.9
实施例 4 本实施例中, 第二溶剂采用丁胺, 取实施例 1配制的所述混酸溶 液 0.2mg, 往其中加入第一溶剂乙醇 ¥尸35.51111、 第二溶剂丁胺 V2=4.5ml搅拌均匀, (使得乙醇与丁胺的体积为 8: 1, 混酸溶液与滴 定介质的质量体积比为 lg: 200mL) 形成混合体系。 参照实施例 1所 示歩骤,利用实施例 1中标定的 KOH-乙二醇标准溶液标定混酸溶液中 各种酸含量, 获得的实验数据如下表 10和表 11所示: 表 10 各体系浓度等当点所消耗标准溶液的体积 V、电位 U及标定时间 测试结果
均值 1.97 70.93 9.93 误差 /% 2.27 -0.26 -0.45
RSD/% 0.58 0.10 0.09 从实施例 1〜实施例 4均可获知, 本发明所提供的混酸滴定方法, 一歩操作可标定出混酸中各酸浓度,尤其适用于目前普遍的铝刻蚀液 的混酸成分的测定。 且每组实验中, 酸浓度的相对标准方差 RSD不 超过 1%, 说明该方法获得的实验数据是可信的、 稳定可行的。 经过 滴定测出的硝酸、 磷酸、 醋酸实际浓度与已标定原始浓度相比, 误差 不超过 ± 3%, 说明本发明方法准确、 可靠。
Claims
1、 一种混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于,包括如下歩骤: 歩骤一: 配制浓度为 0.1〜0.2mol/L的强碱-醇溶液, 利用基准试 剂在自动电位滴定仪中标定出所述强碱-醇溶液的实际浓度; 歩骤二: 在所述混酸溶液即硝酸、 磷酸、 醋酸混合液中, 加入第 一溶剂及第二溶剂, 搅拌均匀形成混合体系, 利用歩骤一标定后的强 碱-醇溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴定出所述混合体系中三个酸浓度等 当点; 其中, 所述第一溶剂与所述第二溶剂的体积比为 8〜16: 1; 所述第一溶 剂为乙醇, 所述第二溶剂为乙二胺或丁胺; 歩骤三: 根据质量守恒原理, 利用歩骤二获得的酸浓度等当点计 算所述混酸溶液中各酸的含量。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于, 所述歩骤二中还包括: 利用歩骤一标定后的强碱 -醇溶液在自动电位 滴定仪中滴定出所述第一溶剂及第二溶剂混合后的背景酸浓度等当 点; 用于消除背景酸度对所述醋酸含量计算的影响。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于, 所述第一溶剂、 第二溶剂总体积与所述混酸溶液的质量比为 200〜400ml: lg。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于, 所述强碱为分析纯的氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠; 所述强碱-醇溶液中溶剂 为乙醇或乙二醇。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于, 所述基准试剂为苯甲酸或邻苯二甲酸氢钾。
6、 一种混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于,包括如下歩骤: 歩骤一: 配制浓度为 0.1〜0.2mol/L的强碱-醇溶液, 利用基准试 剂在自动电位滴定仪中标定出所述强碱-醇溶液的实际浓度;
歩骤二: 在所述混酸溶液即硝酸、 磷酸、 醋酸混合液中, 加入第 一溶剂及第二溶剂, 搅拌均匀形成混合体系, 利用歩骤一标定后的强 碱-醇溶液在自动电位滴定仪中滴定出所述混合体系中三个酸浓度等 当点; 然后再利用歩骤一标定后的强碱-醇溶液在自动电位滴定仪中 滴定出所述第一溶剂及第二溶剂混合后的背景酸浓度等当点;用于消 除背景酸度对所述醋酸含量计算的影响; 其中, 所述第一溶剂与所述第二溶剂的体积比为 8〜16: 1; 所述 第一溶剂为乙醇, 所述第二溶剂为乙二胺或丁胺; 所述第一溶剂、 第二溶剂总体积与所述混酸溶液的质量比为 200〜400ml: lg; 歩骤三: 根据质量守恒原理, 利用歩骤二获得的酸浓度等当点计 算所述混酸溶液中各酸的含量。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于, 所述强碱为分析纯的氢氧化钾或氢氧化钠; 所述强碱-醇溶液中溶剂 为乙醇或乙二醇。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述混酸溶液的电位滴定方法,其特征在于, 所述基准试剂为苯甲酸或邻苯二甲酸氢钾。
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| CN116400005A (zh) * | 2023-01-31 | 2023-07-07 | 中化国际新材料(河北)有限公司 | 有机混酸的含量测定方法 |
| CN116539793A (zh) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-08-04 | 福建钰融科技有限公司 | 一种电子级混酸体系中各单酸浓度的检测方法 |
| CN119757639B (zh) * | 2024-12-24 | 2026-04-21 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | 测定酸性官能团螯合树脂性质参数的方法 |
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| US10836215B2 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2020-11-17 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Tire |
| CN116539792A (zh) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-08-04 | 北京和瑞储能科技有限公司 | 适用于含高浓度金属离子混合溶液的氢离子浓度检测方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9164069B2 (en) | 2015-10-20 |
| CN103604856A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
| US20150140675A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
| CN103604856B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
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